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Web Server Users - Best Practice

- by Toby

I was wondering what is considered best practice when several developers/administrators require access to the same web server. Should there be one non-root user with a secure username and password unqiue to the web server which everyone logs in as or should there be a username for each person. I am leaning towards a username for each person to aid in logging etc however then does the same user keep the same credentials over several servers, or should at least their password change depending on the server they are on? Should any non-root user of the system be added to the sudoers file or is it best practice to leave everyone off it and only let root perform certain tasks? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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Web Server Users - Best Practice

- by Toby

I was wondering what is considered best practice when several developers/administrators require access to the same web server. Should there be one non-root user with a secure username and password unqiue to the web server which everyone logs in as or should there be a username for each person. I am leaning towards a username for each person to aid in logging etc however then does the same user keep the same credentials over several servers, or should at least their password change depending on the server they are on? Should any non-root user of the system be added to the sudoers file or is it best practice to leave everyone off it and only let root perform certain tasks? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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How do anti-viruses work?

- by Phoshi

So I was thinking about viruses recently, and wondering how exactly antiviruses keep up? Considering anybody who'd been coding for a few weeks could hack together something do do nasty, nasty things to somebody's PC, the quantity alone would make a simple list of hashes prohibitive, so how do antiviruses do it? Do they monitor process activity and have a 3 strikes rule for doing virus-like things? And if so, what's stopping it from triggering on perfectly harmless things (like me moving files around in \system32)? I did a bit of googling, but the regular places didn't particularly help, and I couldn't find a dupe here, so I thought it'd be good to ask :)

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Can Solaris RBAC roles be ported to Linux using SElinux only?

- by Jimmy

We are migrating an application from Solaris to Linux and the main user is allowed, through the use of RBAC roles, to run a few system commands like svccfg/svcadm (chkconfig on redhat). Is it possible, using only SElinux (no sudo), to allow a normal user to run chkconfig off/on (basically give it the ability to add remove services) ? My approach was to try to create an SElinux user with a corresponding SElinux role that manages the app's domain/type and is allowed to transition to all other domains required to run chkconfig, tcpdump or any other system utility usually restricted to root access only. All my attempts so far have failed, so my second question would be where could I find good documentation that applies to this specific problem ?

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certutil -ping fails with 30 seconds timeout - what to do?

- by mark

Dear ladies and sirs. The certificate store on my Win7 box is constantly hanging. Observe: C:\1.cmd C:\certutil -? | findstr /i ping -ping -- Ping Active Directory Certificate Services Request interface -pingadmin -- Ping Active Directory Certificate Services Admin interface C:\set PROMPT=$P($t)$G C:\(13:04:28.57)certutil -ping CertUtil: -ping command FAILED: 0x80070002 (WIN32: 2) CertUtil: The system cannot find the file specified. C:\(13:04:58.68)certutil -pingadmin CertUtil: -pingadmin command FAILED: 0x80070002 (WIN32: 2) CertUtil: The system cannot find the file specified. C:\(13:05:28.79)set PROMPT=$P$G C:\ Explanations: The first command shows you that there are –ping and –pingadmin parameters to certutil Trying any ping parameter fails with 30 seconds timeout (the current time is seen in the prompt) This is a serious problem. It screws all the secure communication in my app. If anyone knows how this can be fixed - please share. Thanks. P.S. 1.cmd is simply a batch of these commands: certutil -? | findstr /i ping set PROMPT=$P($t)$G certutil -ping certutil -pingadmin set PROMPT=$P$G

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secure user-authentication in squid: The Story

- by Isaac

once upon a time, there was a beautiful warm virtual-jungle in south america, and a squid server lived there. here is an perceptual image of the network: <the Internet> | | A | B Users <---------> [squid-Server] <---> [LDAP-Server] When the Users request access to the Internet, squid ask their name and passport, authenticate them by LDAP and if ldap approved them, then he granted them. Everyone was happy until some sniffers stole passport in path between users and squid [path A]. This disaster happened because squid used Basic-Authentication method. The people of jungle gathered to solve the problem. Some bunnies offered using NTLM of method. Snakes prefered Digest-Authentication while Kerberos recommended by trees. After all, many solution offered by people of jungle and all was confused! The Lion decided to end the situation. He shouted the rules for solutions: Shall the solution be secure! Shall the solution work for most of browsers and softwares (e.g. download softwares) Shall the solution be simple and do not need other huge subsystem (like Samba server) Shall not the method depend on special domain. (e.g. Active Directory) Then, a very resonable-comprehensive-clever solution offered by a monkey, making him the new king of the jungle! can you guess what was the solution? Tip: The path between squid and LDAP is protected by the lion, so the solution have not to secure it. Note: sorry for this boring and messy story! /~\/~\/~\ /\~/~\/~\/~\/~\ ((/~\/~\/~\/~\/~\)) (/~\/~\/~\/~\/~\/~\/~\) (//// ~ ~ \\\\) (\\\\( (0) (0) )////) (\\\\( __\-/__ )////) (\\\( /-\ )///) (\\\( (""""") )///) (\\\( \^^^/ )///) (\\\( )///) (\/~\/~\/~\/) ** (\/~\/~\/) *####* | | **** /| | | |\ \\ _/ | | | | \_ _________// Thanks! (,,)(,,)_(,,)(,,)--------'

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Encrypt shared files on AD Domain.

- by Walter

Can I encrypt shared files on windows server and allow only authenticated domain users have access to these files? The scenario as follows: I have a software development company, and I would like to protect my source code from being copied by my programmers. One problem is that some programmers use their own laptops to developing the company's software. In this scenario it's impossible to prevent developers from copying the source code for their laptops. In this case I thought about the following solution, but i don't know if it's possible to implement. The idea is to encrypt the source code and they are accessible (decrypted) only when developers are logged into the AD domain, ie if they are not logged into the AD domain, the source code would be encrypted be useless. Can be implemented this ? What technology should be used?

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In Windows XP, is it possible to disable user credential caching for particular users

- by kdt

I understand that when windows caches user credentials, these can sometimes be used by malicious parties to access other machines once a machine containing cached credentials is compromised, a method known as "pass the hash"[1]. For this reason I would like to get control over what's cached to reduce the risk of cached credentials being used maliciously. It is possible to prevent all caching by zeroing HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\CachedLogonsCount, but this is too indiscriminate: laptops users need to be able to login when away from the network. What I would like to do is prevent the caching of credentials of certain users, such as administrators -- is there any way to do that in Windows XP? http://www.lbl.gov/cyber/systems/pass-the-hash.html

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SQL Server NETWORK SERVICE account permissions

- by RemotecUk

My SQL Server Windows service is set to use the NETWORK SERVICE account. The server is installed to C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10_50.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL. However looking at the permissions on that folder, NETWORK SERVICE does not have any permissions. The groups which are allowed access to that folder are... CREATOR OWNER - who is this? SYSTEM - sounds fine - so that Windows can access the folder I presume? SQLServerMSSQLUser$Computer_Name$MSSQLSERVER - this is the interesting one - what is this? Administrators Users If NETWORK SERVICE is a user with minimal permissions on the system and looks to the O/S as someone connecting from a network how does it have permissions to access any files in the SQL Server install folder? Thanks.

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Are there any soho class wireless routers capable of layer 2 encryption?

- by Axxmasterr

Are there any SOHO class wireless routers that are capable of encryption at layer 2?

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Firewall Deep Inspection Updates and Antivirus Subscription, worth it?

- by msemack

I realize that this is a subjective question, but I'm trying to get some experiences We have Juniper firewalls in our organization (SSG-320M, SSG-5, and some old NS-5GT). We have the option of a yearly subscription for: Deep Inspection Signature Updates Juniper-Kaspersky Antivirus I seem similar services available from other Firewall vendors. We have Symantec Endpoint Protection deployed to all workstations and servers, plus a dedicated appliance for e-mail spam/virus filtering. So, I'm not sure what these firewall-base services will bring to the table that I don't already have. I would appreciate some feedback from people using these firewall services (Juniper or otherwise). Are these services generally worth it? Do they really catch anything? Do they interfere with normal traffic (false positives)?

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Apache httpd: Send error logs to syslog and local disk? Without touching /etc/syslog.conf?

- by Stefan Lasiewski

I have an Apache httpd 2.2 server. I want to log all messages using syslog, so that the requests are sent to our central syslog server. I also want to ensure that all log messages are sent to local disk, so that a sysadmin can have easy access to the log files on the local system. It is easy to send HTTP access logs to both the local disk and to syslog. One common method is: LogFormat "%V %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined CustomLog logs/access_log combined CustomLog "|/usr/bin/logger -t httpd -i -p local4.info" combined But it is not easy to do this for error logs. The following configuration doesn't work, because the error logs only use the last ErrorLog stanza. The first ErrorLog stanza is ignored. ErrorLog logs/error_log ErrorLog syslog:local4.error How can I ensure that Apache errors logs are written to the local disk and are sent to syslog? Is it possible to do this without touching /etc/syslog.conf ? I am fine if my users want to manage their own Apache configuration files, but I do not want them touching system files such as /etc/syslog.conf

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Can remote LogMeIn Hamachi users access our local LAN?

- by Kev

Unknown to me, one of the kids has installed LogMeIn Hamachi on his PC so that he can access and play on his pal's Minecraft server, and vice versa. One of the things I did was disable the Client for Microsoft Networks and File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks on the Hamachi NIC in Windows 7's Network Connections. However, my lack of fu when it comes to these types of services is leaving me feeling a little uncomfortable about him using this. Is there anything I should be worried about here? For example, can his friends access our local LAN (which has a number of NAS boxes with unsecured shares) and get up to no good?

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how to detect device type from connected device to router?

- by molly

i have a att router and there is an unknown device connected to my network. i cant seem to kick it off because of how att's router settings are created which is kind of dumb. i am able to see its local ip and mac address. i am on a mac with snow leopard. how can i get more information on the device with the information that i have? i want to see what kind of device it is, i have checked all deviced that are connected to the router and non seem to match the local ip that is connected. i have wpa encryption setup with a strong password.

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Encrypt shared files on AD Domain.

- by Walter

Can I encrypt shared files on windows server and allow only authenticated domain users have access to these files? The scenario as follows: I have a software development company, and I would like to protect my source code from being copied by my programmers. One problem is that some programmers use their own laptops to developing the company's software. In this scenario it's impossible to prevent developers from copying the source code for their laptops. In this case I thought about the following solution, but i don't know if it's possible to implement. The idea is to encrypt the source code and they are accessible (decrypted) only when developers are logged into the AD domain, ie if they are not logged into the AD domain, the source code would be encrypted be useless. How can be implemented this using EFS?

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Does anyone know how to "tcpdump" traffic decrypted by Mallory MITM? [migrated]

- by chriv

I'm looking for some help in capturing network traffic that I can analyze in Wireshare (or other tools). The tool I'm using is mallory. If anyone is familiar with mallory, I could use some help. I've got it configured and running correctly, but I don't know how to get the output that I want. The setup is on my private network. I have a VM (running Ubuntu 12.04 - precise) with two NICs: eth0 is on my "real" network eth1 is only on my "fake" network, and is using dnsmasq (for DNS and DHCP for other devices on the "fake" network) Effectively eth0 is the "WAN" on my VM, and eth1 is the "LAN" on my VM. I've setup mallory and iptables to intercept, decrypt, encrypt and rewrite all traffic coming in on destination port 443 on eth1. On the device I want intercepted, I have imported the ca.cer that mallory generated as a trusted root certificate. I need to analyze some strange behavior in the HTTPS stream between the client and server, so that's why mallory is setup in between for this MITM. I would like to take the decrypted HTTPS traffic and dump it to either a logfile or a socket in a format compatible with tcpdump/wireshark (so I can collect it later and analyze it). Running tcpdump on eth1 is too soon (it's encrypted), and running tcpdump on eth2 is too late (it's been re-encrypted). Is there a way to make mallory "tcpdump" the decrypted traffic (in both directions)?

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Execute build task in Hudson with root privilages

- by jensendarren

I have a build script which executes apt-get and therefore requires root privileges. What is the best way to run this script in Hudson? Currently the only solution I have found that works is to add an entry to the sudoers file for the user hudson like so: hudson ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL However, although my build script now runs without error in Hudson, I am not entirely comfortable with this solution. Is there a better way?

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How do I disable Windows authentication on a SQL Server instance?

- by leonita

How do I disable Windows authentication on a SQL Server instance?

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How do I properly check if a program is a virus/trojan in VMware?

- by acidzombie24

How I should check if a program is a virus in VMware? Some programs I do need admin ability to install and it makes sense. But how do I know if it's doing more than I want? Some thoughts are: How many processes open when I launch the application What is added to the startup tab in msconfig If any services are added. That's pretty much all my ideas. Even if it does something I recognize I wouldn't know if it's necessary or not. What are some rule of thumb? -Edit- What about registries, can I use that information to help? Maybe have a scanner tell me if the application I just used has messed with sections (like bootup) it shouldn't have?

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Got Hacked. Want to understand how.

- by gaoshan88

Someone has, for the second time, appended a chunk of javascript to a site I help run. This javascript hijacks Google adsense, inserting their own account number, and sticking ads all over. The code is always appended, always in one specific directory (one used by a third party ad program), affects a number of files in a number of directories inside this one ad dir (20 or so) and is inserted at roughly the same overnight time. The adsense account belongs to a Chinese website (located in a town not an hour from where I will be in China next month. Maybe I should go bust heads... kidding, sort of), btw... here is the info on the site: http://serversiders.com/fhr.com.cn So, how could they append text to these files? Is it related to the permissions set on the files (ranging from 755 to 644)? To the webserver user (it's on MediaTemple so it should be secure, yes?)? I mean, if you have a file that has permissions set to 777 I still can't just add code to it at will... how might they be doing this? Here is a sample of the actual code for your viewing pleasure (and as you can see... not much to it. The real trick is how they got it in there): <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> Since a number of folks have mentioned it, here is what I have checked (and by checked I mean I looked around the time the files were modified for any weirdness and I grepped the files for POST statements and directory traversals: access_log (nothing around the time except normal (i.e. excessive) msn bot traffic) error_log (nothing but the usual file does not exist errors for innocuous looking files) ssl_log (nothing but the usual) messages_log (no FTP access in here except for me)

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Router reporting failed admin login attempts from home server

- by jeffora

I recently noticed in the logs of my home router that it relatively regularly lists the following entry: [admin login failure] from source 192.168.0.160, Monday, June 20,2011 18:13:25 192.168.0.160 is the internal address of my home server, running Windows Home Server 2011. Is there anyway I can find out what specifically is trying to login to the router? Or is there some explanation for this behaviour? (not sure if this belongs here or on superuser...) [Update] I've run both Wireshark and netmon for a while on my home server. Wireshark captured the traffic, but didn't really show anything useful (or nothing I could make use of). A simple HTTP GET request is sent from the server (192.168.0.160) to the router (192.168.0.1), from a seemingly random port (I've seen examples from 50068, 52883), and it appears to do it twice in quick succession (incrementing port by 1), about every hour. Running netstat around the time of the failure didn't show anything (probably too long after anyway). I tried using netmon as it categorises by process, so I thought it might show a corresponding process for the port. Unfortunately, this comes in under the 'unknown' category, meaning it's basically just a slower, less useful Wireshark. I know there's not much to go on here, but does this help in anyway?

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Permissions required to look up a domain user's group memberships

- by adrianbanks

I am writing some code to look up the members of particular domain groups. Does the user that this application runs as need any particular permissions on the domain to get this information? Background: I have already determined that the application needs to be run as a domain user to be able to query information from the domain. I have a list of group names and for each group, I need to look up the members of that group on the domain and get their names/usernames.

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How to Suppress Repetition of Warnings That an Application Was Downloaded From the Internet on Mac OS X?

- by Jonathan Leffler

On Mac OS X, when I run Firefox (and Thunderbird, and ...) which I downloaded from Mozilla, the OS pops up a warning that the file was downloaded over the internet, giving the date on which it was downloaded. I have no problem with that warning on the first time I use a downloaded application - but the repeated warnings are a nuisance. Is there a way to suppress that dialogue box? Is there a way to avoid it appearing in the first place? (Some applications I download from a corporate intranet - those don't produce the equivalent warning; any idea what the criteria are for when the warning is generated?)

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Hardening Word and Reader against exploits

- by satuon

I have recently heard a lot about exploits for PDF and DOC files on Windows, which when opened in Reader or Word would infect the computer. I'm assuming most of those exploits rely on some kind of active content, I've heard that Reader allows JavaScript for example. I already have antivirus, but I've heard they often don't catch those types of exploits, so I want to try a little proactive defense. Is there a way to harden Reader and Word by disabling plugins or options that are often used by exploits?

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Window 2003 Server - Logon Failure error message in Event Viewer

- by user45192

Hi guys, I received alot of event logged in the event viewer with this message. I notice is always the same user id which encounters this error. The user id is use by an application to access the database. However, this account does not exits on this server. How do I trace the services/program use by this user id which causes these error messages? Reason=Unknown user name or bad password&&User Name=&&Domain=&&Logon Type=3&&Logon Process=NtLmSsp&&Authentication Package=NTLM&&Workstation Name=&&Caller User Name=-&&Caller Domain=-&&Caller Logon ID=-&&Caller Process ID=-&&Transited Services=-&&Source Network Address=-&&Source Port=-&&User=SYSTEM&&ComputerName=

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