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• Public static ip for vagrant box

  - by Numbata

  I have server (Debian Squeeze) with 1 ethernet card and 2 public static IPs (188.120.245.4 and 188.120.244.5). What I want: Setup virtual box (Ubuntu) with access via static IP (188.120.244.5). What I was trying: config.vm.forward_port - good idea: setup interface "eth1:1" with 188.120.244.5 on host-machine, and add to Vagrant file "config.vm.forward_port = hmm..?" config.vm.network :hostonly, "188.120.244.5" - not working. Was created new interface on host-machine with ip "188.120.244.1". Of course 188.120.244.1 IP isn't mine and I can't access my server via this IP. config.vm.network :bridged - I'm confused how this works :) What I have now: Not working configuration. Debian-host-machine# cat Vagrantfile Vagrant::Config.run do |config| config.vm.define :gitlab do |box_config| box_config.vm.box = "ubuntu" box_config.vm.host_name = "ubuntu" box_config.vm.network :bridged box_config.vm.network :hostonly, "188.120.244.5", :auto_config => false end end Debian-host-machine# ifconfig eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:17:69:71:bb inet addr:188.120.245.4 Bcast:188.120.247.255 Mask:255.255.248.0 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 vboxnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 0a:00:27:00:00:00 inet addr:188.120.244.1 Bcast:188.120.246.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 Ubuntu-virtual-machine# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:ee:8d:0c inet addr:10.0.2.15 Bcast:10.0.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:45:71:87 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 How I can access virtual box via public static IP from network? I'm using Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager 4.1.18 and Vagrant version 1.0.3. Thanks in advance for your feedback.

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• Iptables Forwarding problem

  - by ankit

  Hi all, I had initally asked question about sertting up my linux box for natting for my home network and was given suggestions in the thread here. Did not want to clutter the old question so starting a new one here. based on the earlier suggestions, i have come up with the following rules ... :PREROUTING ACCEPT [1:48] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [12:860] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [3:228] -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT *filter :INPUT DROP [3:228] :FORWARD DROP [0:0] :OUTPUT DROP [0:0] -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT COMMIT If you notice, i do have the proper MASQURADING rule and the proper FORWARD filter rule as well. However i am facing 2 problems On the linux box itself DNS resolving is not working the lan clients connected to the linux box, are still not able to get to internet. when i ping something from them, i see the DROP count in iptables INPUT rule increasing. now my question is, when i am pinging something from the lan client, how come it is being matched by the input chain ?! should it be in the forward chain ? Chain INPUT (policy DROP 20 packets, 2314 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 99 9891 ACCEPT all -- lo any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:https 122 9092 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssh Thanks ankit

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• Cannot access firewalled jboss server from Internet Explorer

  - by Simon Gibbs

  I've produced a website for a client One Single Menu using JBoss and hosted it on Rackspace Cloud Servers running Ubuntu's Maverick Meerkat. Following advice, I esablished some iptables rule to protect jboss: iptables -I INPUT 1 -i lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080 iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -o lo -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080 iptables -A INPUT -j DROP Now, several versions of IE on several computers on at least two different ISPs cannot access the onesinglemenu.com. Curl from within the datacenter, Firefox, and Safari on the same ISPs can all access the server fine. I even tried IE and Firefox on the same computer and IE failed but Firefox worked. The error behaviour is that IE hangs on connecting without reporting an error, even after a minute or so. No page is displayed at all. I find it quite odd that I'm having a browser specific connection issue, but it appears to be the case. Help!

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• Debian: Should I add vlan interface into bridge for KVM?

  - by javano

  I am setting up a Debian Squeeze box as a KVM host. I want to add multiple interfaces to each KVM guest so I want them to be on different VLANs. After reading about this, I believe the best method is to add multiple logical VLAN (sub)-interfaces to the physical NICs and then create a bridge adapter for each VLAN interace, and assign each bridge as a NIC for KVM guests. Does this make good sense, or madness? Do I have to use bridged interfaces with KVM like this? Can't I just add eth1.xx and eth1.yy to my interfaces config below and then configure those directly as bridged KVM guest NICs? If so, how should this look in the interfaces config file below? user@host:~$ cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # Management Interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 172.22.0.31 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 172.22.0.1 # Interface for guest VMs auto eth1 # Guest1 : Use VLAN 117 auto eth1.117 iface eth1.117 inet manual # Set up br1 for guest 1, bridging with vlan 117 auto br1.117 iface br1.117 inet manual bridge_ports eth1.117 bridge_stp off user@host:~$ uname -a Linux hostname 3.4.9 #1 SMP Wed Aug 22 19:08:46 BST 2012 x86_64 GNU/Linux UPDATE I would really like it if someone could clarify the config for me, as I have also seen the above configured with this syntax, so I don't see why one would be preferred over the other; # Interface for guest VMs auto eth1 allow-hotplug eth1 iface eth1 inet static # Vlan 117 for guest 1 auto vlan 117 iface vlan111 inet static vlan_raw_device eth1 # Guest 1 : NIC 1 auto br1.117 iface br1.117 inet manual bridge_ports vlan117 bridge_stp off

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• OpenVZ with brdiged interfaces and VLAN

  - by Deimosfr

  Hi, I've got a problem with OpenVZ with brdiged VLAN. Here is my configuration : +------+ +-------+ +-----------+ +---------+ br0 |VE101 | | | | OpenBSD |----->| Debian |------->| | | WAN |--->| Router | | OpenVZ | +------+ | | | Firewall |----->| br0 br1 | br1 +------+ +-------+ +-----------+ +---------+------->|VE102 | |br0 | | |VLAN br0.110 +------+ v +---------+ |VE103.110| +---------+ I can't make VLAN working on br0 (br0.110) and I would like to understand why. I don't have any switch so no problem with unmanageable switch. I've configured a VLAN interface on OpenBSD in /etc/hostname.vlan110 : inet 192.168.110.254 255.255.255.0 NONE vlan 110 vlandev sis1 And it seams working fine. I've also adapted my PF configuration to work with VLAN but I don't see any incoming traffic. On my Debian lenny, here is my interfaces configuration : # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # br0 auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.168.100.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.100.254 network 192.168.100.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off # VLAN 110 auto br0.110 iface br0.110 inet static address 192.168.110.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.110.0 gateway 192.168.110.254 broadcast 192.168.110.255 pre-up vconfig add br0 110 post-down vconfig rem br0.110 It looks like ok, but when I start my VE, here is the message : ... Configure veth devices: veth103.0 Adding interface veth103.0 to bridge br0.110 on CT0 for VE103 can't add veth103.0 to bridge br0.110: Operation not supported VE start in progress... So I've got one error here. I've followed this documentation http://wiki.openvz.org/VLAN but it doesn't work. I've certainly missed something but I don't know why. Someone could help me please ? Thanks

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• iptables-restore: line 1 failed

  - by Doug

  Hello, I am new to servers, and I was following this guide and it failed on the first command instructed. Could anyone give me a hand? http://wiki.debian.org/iptables ~ZORO~:/etc# iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.test.rules iptables-restore: line 1 failed Edit: iptables.test.rules ~ZORO~:/etc# cat /etc/iptables.test.rules *filter # Allows all loopback (lo0) traffic and drop all traffic to 127/8 that doesn't use lo0 -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i ! lo -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT # Accepts all established inbound connections -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allows all outbound traffic # You could modify this to only allow certain traffic -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT # Allows HTTP and HTTPS connections from anywhere (the normal ports for websites) -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Allows SSH connections for script kiddies # THE -dport NUMBER IS THE SAME ONE YOU SET UP IN THE SSHD_CONFIG FILE -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 30000 -j ACCEPT # Now you should read up on iptables rules and consider whether ssh access # for everyone is really desired. Most likely you will only allow access from certain IPs. # Allow ping -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT # log iptables denied calls (access via 'dmesg' command) -A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7 # Reject all other inbound - default deny unless explicitly allowed policy: -A INPUT -j REJECT -A FORWARD -j REJECT COMMIT

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• rc scripts dependencies

  - by chris

  On a Ubuntu 10.04.1 LTS server install certain services fail to start properly after a reboot. I have a couple of virtual interfaces defined on eth0: /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 172.16.5.240 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 172.16.5.1 auto eth0:1 iface eth0:1 inet static address 172.16.5.241 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 172.16.5.1 auto eth0:2 iface eth0:2 inet static address 172.16.5.242 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 172.16.5.1 auto eth0:3 iface eth0:3 inet static address 172.16.5.243 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 172.16.5.1 and so on... The services that try to bind to for example 172.16.5.243 fail during boot, complaining that there is no such IP address. My questions: 1) Are the services started parallel by default? Can I disable that so they run sequentially? 2) Is there a way to define dependencies between rc scripts? I'm only familiar with the defining the order of seqentially started scripts using the numbers in /etc/rc[0-6].d/) Any other fix or workaround appreciated.

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• Blocking an IP from connecting

  - by Sam W.

  I have a problem with my Apache webserver where there's and IP than connecting to my server, using alot of connection and wont die which eventually making my webserver timeout. The connection will stay as SYN_SENT state if I check using netstat -netapu I even flush my iptables and use the basic rules and it still doesn't work. The IP will get connected when I start my Apache Basic rules that I use: iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT ! -i lo -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT iptables -A INPUT -s 89.149.244.117 -j REJECT iptables -A OUTPUT -s 89.149.244.117 -j REJECT iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -j REJECT iptables -A FORWARD -j REJECT The bold part is rule in question. Not sure this is related but tcp_syncookies value is 1. Can someone point out my mistake? Is there a way to block it for good. Thank you

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• Change the order of IP addresses returned by ifconfig?

  - by erikcw

  I have an Ubuntu server with several IP addresses attached to it. 127.0.0.1 is listed as venet0 by ifconfig. I'm using Chef to configure the server. The problem is that chef is listing 127.0.0.1 as the IP address for the server instead of one of the server's "real" IPs. (apparent "ohai ipaddress" uses the first IP listed by ifconfig to determine the server's IP). How can I change the order so the servers main IP is listed first instead of the 127.0.0.1? Can venet0 be deleted and venet0:0 be "promoted" to take its place since 127.0.0.1 is already listed in the "lo" interface? lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:334 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:334 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:16700 (16.7 KB) TX bytes:16700 (16.7 KB) venet0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:127.0.0.1 P-t-P:127.0.0.1 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:7622207 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8183436 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2102750761 (2.1 GB) TX bytes:2795213667 (2.7 GB) venet0:0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:XXX.XXX.XXX.XX1 P-t-P:XXX.XXX.XXX.XX1 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 venet0:1 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:XXX.XXX.XXX.XX2 P-t-P:XXX.XXX.XXX.XX2 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 route -n route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.0.2.1 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 venet0 0.0.0.0 192.0.2.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 venet0

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• OpenVZ with bridged interfaces and VLAN

  - by Deimosfr

  Hi, I've got a problem with OpenVZ with bridged VLAN. Here is my configuration: +------+ +-------+ +-----------+ +---------+ br0 |VE101 | | | | OpenBSD |----->| Debian |------->| | | WAN |--->| Router | | OpenVZ | +------+ | | | Firewall |----->| br0 br1 | br1 +------+ +-------+ +-----------+ +---------+------->|VE102 | |br0 | | |VLAN br0.110 +------+ v +---------+ |VE103.110| +---------+ I can't make VLAN work on br0 (br0.110) and I would like to understand why. I don't have any switch so no problem with unmanageable switch. I've configured a VLAN interface on OpenBSD in /etc/hostname.vlan110: inet 192.168.110.254 255.255.255.0 NONE vlan 110 vlandev sis1 And it seems to be working fine. I've also adapted my PF configuration to work with VLAN but I don't see any incoming traffic. On my Debian Lenny, here is my interfaces configuration : # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # br0 auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.168.100.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.100.254 network 192.168.100.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off # VLAN 110 auto br0.110 iface br0.110 inet static address 192.168.110.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.110.0 gateway 192.168.110.254 broadcast 192.168.110.255 pre-up vconfig add br0 110 post-down vconfig rem br0.110 It looks OK, but when I start my VE, here is the message: ... Configure veth devices: veth103.0 Adding interface veth103.0 to bridge br0.110 on CT0 for VE103 can't add veth103.0 to bridge br0.110: Operation not supported VE start in progress... So I've got one error here. I've followed this documentation http://wiki.openvz.org/VLAN but it doesn't work. I've certainly missed something but I don't know why. Someone could help me please? Thanks

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• Linux VLAN Bridge

  - by raspi

  I have home network with VLANs, one for LAN, one for WLAN and one for internet. I'd like to use bridging so that instead of configuring these same VLANs to every machine, they had own VLAN ID and bridges were LAN, WLAN and internet. I've tried it but for some reason keep-alive/ttl seems to get broken because SSH sessions etc suddenly disconnects. We have this same setup working in workplace for 4+ years with 100+ customers but it's custom firewall/router hardware so accessing it is impossible. I know that it runs Linux. So what is Debian/Ubuntu default network settings doing wrong or is it just NIC driver/hw problem? I've tried to mess araund with ttl etc settings without any luck. The bad stuff is happening in the bridge because current VLAN-only setup works fine. interfaces: auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface allow-hotplug eth0 allow-hotplug eth1 iface eth0 inet static iface eth1 inet static auto vlan111 auto vlan222 auto vlan333 auto vlan444 auto br0 auto br1 auto br2 # LAN iface vlan111 inet static vlan_raw_device eth0 # WLAN iface vlan222 inet static vlan_raw_device eth0 # ADSL Modem iface vlan333 inet static vlan_raw_device eth1 # Internet iface vlan444 inet static vlan_raw_device eth0 # LAN bridge iface br0 inet static address 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth0.111 bridge_stp on # Internet bridge iface br1 inet static address x.x.x.x netmask x.x.x.x gateway x.x.x.x bridge_ports eth1.333 eth0.444 bridge_stp on post-up iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o br1 -j MASQUERADE pre-down iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -o br1 -j MASQUERADE # WLAN bridge iface br2 inet static address 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth0.222 bridge_stp on Sysctl: net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1

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• Incorrect durations mp4 file created by ffmpeg (avconv)

  - by Ruslan Sharipov

  Example usage: avconv -i rtmp://maps.lo.ufanet.ru/live/10e227922b473e91f37474fa084107af -vcodec copy -an -sn -map 0 -f segment -segment_format mp4 -segment_time 60 -y %05d.mp4 avconv version 0.8.3-6:0.8.3-1+b1, Copyright (c) 2000-2012 the Libav developers built on Jun 15 2012 13:54:35 with gcc 4.7.0 HandShake: client signature does not match! Metadata: height 480.00 remote_addr: sdp_session {sdp_session,0, {sdp_o,"-","1289703354974145","1289703354974145",inet4, "10.1.12.99"}, "Media Presentation", {inet4,"0.0.0.0"}, {0,0}, [{"control","*"},{"range","npt=0.0 start 30400239.52 timeshift_duration 319250.58 timeshift_size 120000.00 width 640.00 [flv @ 0x1d36a40] Estimating duration from bitrate, this may be inaccurate Input #0, flv, from 'rtmp://maps.lo.ufanet.ru/live/10e227922b473e91f37474fa084107af': Duration: N/A, start: 0.000000, bitrate: N/A Stream #0.0: Video: h264 (Baseline), yuvj420p, 640x480 [PAR 1:1 DAR 4:3], 1k tbr, 1k tbn, 2k tbc Output #0, segment, to '%05d.mp4': Metadata: encoder : Lavf53.21.0 Stream #0.0: Video: libx264, yuvj420p, 640x480 [PAR 1:1 DAR 4:3], q=2-31, 1k tbn, 1k tbc Stream mapping: Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (copy) Press ctrl-c to stop encoding ^Cframe= 9566 fps= 36 q=-1.0 Lsize= -0kB time=318.25 bitrate= -0.0kbits/s video:30348kB audio:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead -100.000071% Received signal 2: terminating. Result: serafim@yard:~/video2$ ls 00000.mp4 00001.mp4 00002.mp4 00003.mp4 00004.mp4 00005.mp4 Now try to play the files in the player, such as VLC. And that's what we get: the first fragment (00000.mp4) played well, no problems, but the second (00001.mp4 and beyond) starts the bug manifests itself, namely the file 00001.mp4 first 60 seconds black screen, but since 61 seconds starts playing the video. Attachments: https://dl.dropbox.com/u/760901/rtmp_and_mp4.zip How to get rid of the delay with black screen at the beginning of the segments? Maybe ffmpeg to pass parameters, or third-party software is able to correct the obtained segments mp4?

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• how to setup a bridge with 2 NICs and few virtual machines

  - by Bond

  Here is my situation. I have a server with 2 NICs. I have installed virtual box and I have created a few Guest Operating Systems on it. I want these Virtual Machines to be using a bridge.NIC2 would be used to setup this bridge and NIC1 would be connected to corporate network.I am not clear with how should I go on doing this. /etc/network/interfaces is the file which I am trying to modify etc. My approach is following 1) Define a configuration file /etc/network/interfaces 2) Create IPTABLES as how NIC1 will forward the packets to Bridge on NIC2 Now comes the problem I do not understand what is the meaning of following lines in the configuration file auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth2 iface eth2 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.168.1.14 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 gateway 192.168.1.10 # dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed dns-nameservers 192.168.13.2 dns-search myserver.net bridge_ports eth2 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off So any pointers to what should be the entries of /etc/network/interfaces file. So that I understand which parameter is to be used when and where that would help me.

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• Two DHCP interfaces asigned to two default gateways to OS

  - by user140600

  I have a Ubuntu box that has two networking interfaces (eth0 and wlan0). They are both configured for DHCP in /etc/network/interfaces, but they both assign a default gateway: /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp auto wlan0 iface wlan0 inet dhcp wireless-essid test Result of route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 wlan0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 wlan0 How can I set up /etc/network/interfaces to have only one default gateway, on the interface I want? Worst case scenario, how can I at least control which one gets on top on the route -n command, each boot? Note: This box will travel a lot, and will be connected to different networks, so I don´t know in advance the IP addresses/ranges it will have. Sometimes the default gw interface will be eth0. Sometimes it will be wlan0 ... So, this needs to be kind of automatic ...

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• Windows recovery partition with GRUB2

  - by Actorclavilis

  So I recently got a new Toshiba laptop and installed Ubuntu 12.04 on it. Since it is a "Windows 7 Enabled" machine or some other proprietary nonsense like that, a few hardware features are designed only to work with W7. Eventually I found a way to enable these hardware functions by booting into the W7 recovery disc; however, they sporadically stop working. I'm moderately surprised that I was able to get anything to work at all, so I don't especially want to spend more time fixing the problems in a different fashion. Now I don't actually own the recovery disc; it's my father's. Since it's a pain to have to go asking for the disc every time the features stop working, I made an image of the disc and was hoping to make a 'recovery' partition like some computers have. However, unetbootin and GRUB2 both want a kernel and initrd to point to on startup, and something like set root=(hd0,1) loopback lo /w7r.iso set root=(lo) chainloader +1 in the spirit of the makeactive/ chainloader +1 commands that I used to use to dual-boot Linux and Windows simply gives me a file-not-found error. My question, therefore, is: Is it possible to, having written a Windows iso to a partition (such as with dd if=w7r.iso of=/dev/sda4) to a partition, convince GRUB2 to boot from it? Thanks in advance.

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• iptables -- OK, **now** am I doing it right?

  - by Agvorth

  This is a follow up to a previous question where I asked whether my iptables config is correct. CentOS 5.3 system. Intended result: block everything except ping, ssh, Apache, and SSL. Based on xenoterracide's advice and the other responses to the question (thanks guys), I created this script: # Establish a clean slate iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -F # Flush all rules iptables -X # Delete all chains # Disable routing. Drop packets if they reach the end of the chain. iptables -P FORWARD DROP # Drop all packets with a bad state iptables -A INPUT -m state --state INVALID -j DROP # Accept any packets that have something to do with ones we've sent on outbound iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Accept any packets coming or going on localhost (this can be very important) iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # Accept ICMP iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT # Allow ssh iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow httpd iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # Allow SSL iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Block all other traffic iptables -A INPUT -j DROP Now when I list the rules I get... # iptables -L -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 DROP all -- any any anywhere anywhere state INVALID 9 612 ACCEPT all -- any any anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- any any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssh 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:https 0 0 DROP all -- any any anywhere anywhere Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 5 packets, 644 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination I ran it and I can still log in, so that's good. Anyone notice anything major out of wack?

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• Routing / binding 128 IPs to one server

  - by Andrew

  I have a Ubuntu server with 128 ip's (static external ips 86.xx.xx.16), and I want to crawl pages thru different ip's. The gateway is xx.xxx.xxx.1, the main ip is xx.xxx.xxx.16, and the other 128 ip's are xx.xxx.xxx.129/255. I tried this configuration in /etc/network/interfaces but I doesn't work. It work if I remove the gateway for the aliases eth0:0 and eth0:1. I think this is routing problem. auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 auto eth0:0 auto eth0:1 iface eth0 inet static address xx.xxx.xxx.16 netmask 255.255.255.128 gateway xx.xxx.xxx.1 iface eth0:0 inet static address xx.xxx.xxx.129 netmask 255.255.255.128 gateway xx.xxx.xxx.1 iface eth0:1 inet static address xx.xxx.xxx.130 netmask 255.255.255.128 gateway xx.xxx.xxx.1 Also, please tell me how to "reset" every changes that I made in networking and routing. Update: I removed the gateway and now it works. I can reach the website thru all 128 ip's. But when I try to bind a socket connection in php to a specific ip I get no answer. socket_bind($sock, "xx.xxx.xx.xxx"); socket_connect($sock, 'google.com', 80); I tryed to use a sniffer to see the packets, and I see the packet sent from binded ip to google.com but the "connection" can't be established. I don't know anything about "route" command, but I have a feeling that this is the solution.

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• Error compiling PHP 5.5.9 on CentOS 6.5 during make command

  - by Chris Mancini

  Here is the error message: cc: internal compiler error: Killed (program cc1) Please submit a full bug report, with preprocessed source if appropriate. See <file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.6/README.Bugs> for instructions. make: *** [ext/fileinfo/libmagic/apprentice.lo] Error 1 The very last thing make was processing is apprentice.lo which appears to be part of the image manipulation libraries (maybe?). I am using Ansible to provision my instance. It is a Digital Ocean single core 512MB VM. I have been using vagrant / ansible with the same config locally for dev and it has compiled fine, this is the first cloud VM I am attempting to provision. The only difference is the base image for my DO server is coming from DO and for my local dev, I built my own Vagrant box via VirtualBox from a stock CentOS basic server install. I pull it down from my DropBox. The problem has been experienced by others and reported as a php bug report My php ansible role up to the error: --- - name: Download php source get_url: url={{ php_source_url }} dest=/tmp register: get_url_result - name: untar the source package command: tar -xvf php-{{ php_version }}.tar.gz chdir=/tmp when: get_url_result.changed or php_reinstall - name: configure php 5.5 command: > ./configure --prefix={{ php_prefix }} --with-config-file-path={{ php_config_file_path }} --enable-fpm --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-pdo --enable-soap --enable-sockets=shared --enable-zip --with-curl --with-fpm-group={{ nginx_group }} --with-fpm-user={{ nginx_user }} --with-freetype-dir=/usr/lib64/ --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib64/ --with-libdir=lib64 --with-mcrypt --with-openssl --with-pdo-mysql --with-pear --with-readline --with-tidy --with-xsl --with-zlib --without-pdo-sqlite --without-sqlite3 chdir=/tmp/php-{{ php_version }} when: get_url_result.changed or php_reinstall - name: make clean when reinstalling command: make clean chdir=/tmp/php-{{ php_version }} when: php_reinstall - name: make php command: make chdir=/tmp/php-{{ php_version }} when: get_url_result.changed or php_reinstall Thanks in advance for any help. :)

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• Centos iptables configuration for Wordpress and Gmail smtp

  - by Fabrizio

  Let me start off by saying that I'm a Centos newby, so all info, links and suggestions are very welcome! I recently set up a hosted server with Centos 6 and configured it as a webserver. The websites running on it are nothing special, just some low traffic projects. I tried to configure the server as default as possible, but I like it to be secure as well (no ftp, custom ssh port). Getting my Wordpress to run as desired, I'm running into some connection problems. 2 things are not working: installing plugins and updates through ssh2 (failed to connect to localhost:sshportnumber) sending emails from my site using the Gmail smtp (Failed to connect to server: Permission denied (13)) I have the feeling that these are both related to the iptables configuration, because I've tried everything else (I think). I tried opening up the firewall to accept traffic for ports 465 (gmail smtp) and ssh port (lets say this port is 8000), but both the issues remain. Ssh connections from the terminal are working fine though. After each change I tried implementing I restarted the iptables service. This is my iptables configuration (using vim): # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.7 on Sun Jun 1 13:20:20 2014 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8000 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 465 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A OUTPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8000 -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 465 -j ACCEPT COMMIT # Completed on Sun Jun 1 13:20:20 2014 Are there any (obvious) issues with my iptables setup considering the above mentioned issues? Saying that the firewall is doing exactly nothing in this state is also an answer... And again, if you have any other suggestions for me to increase security (considering the basic things I do with this box), I would love hear it, also the obvious ones! Thanks!

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• Setting up vsftpd, hangs on list command

  - by Victor

  I installed vsftpd and configured it. When I try to connect to the ftp server using Transmit, it manages to connect but hangs on Listing "/" Then, I get a message stating: Could not retrieve file listing for “/”. Control connection timed out. Does it have anything to do with my iptables? My rules are as listed: *filter # Allows all loopback (lo0) traffic and drop all traffic to 127/8 that doesn't use lo0 -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT ! -i lo -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT # Accepts all established inbound connections -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allows all outbound traffic # You can modify this to only allow certain traffic -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT # Allows HTTP and HTTPS connections from anywhere (the normal ports for websites) -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT # Allows SSH connections # # THE -dport NUMBER IS THE SAME ONE YOU SET UP IN THE SSHD_CONFIG FILE # -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 30000 -j ACCEPT # Allow ping -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT # log iptables denied calls -A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7 # Reject all other inbound - default deny unless explicitly allowed policy -A INPUT -j REJECT -A FORWARD -j REJECT COMMIT

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• IPTABLE & IP-routed netwok solution for HOST net and VM's subnet

  - by Daniel

  I've got ProxmoxVE2.1 ruled KVM node on Debian and bunch of VM's guests machine. That is how my networking looks like: # network interface settings auto lo iface lo inet loopback # device: eth0 auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 175.219.59.209 gateway 175.219.59.193 netmask 255.255.255.224 post-up echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/proxy_arp And I've got two working subnet solution auto vmbr0 iface vmbr0 inet static address 10.10.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 bridge_ports none bridge_stp off bridge_fd 0 post-up ip route add 10.10.0.1/24 dev vmbr0 This way I can reach internet, to resolve outside hosts, update and download everything I need but can't reach one guest VM out of any other VM's inside my network. The second solution allows me to communicate between VM's: auto vmbr1 iface vmbr1 inet static address 10.10.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports none bridge_stp off bridge_fd 0 post-up echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward post-up iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s '10.10.0.0/24' -o vmbr1 -j MASQUERADE post-down iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -s '10.10.0.0/24' -o vmbr1 -j MASQUERADE I can even NAT internal addresses: -t nat -I PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 789 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.10.0.220:345 My inexperienced mind is ready to double VM's net adapters: one for the first solution and another - for second (with slightly different adresses) but I'm pretty sure that it's a dumb way to resolve the problem and everything can be resolved via iptables/ip route rules that I can't create. I've tried a dozen of "wizard manuals" and "howto's" to mix both solution but without success. Looking for an advice (and good reading links for networking begginers).

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• Wired to wireless bridge in Linux

  - by adrianmcmenamin

  I am attempting to set up my Raspberry Pi as a bridge (but I think this is not a question specific to the hardware) - using Debian wheezy. I have a hostapd.conf: (some details changed for security)... interface=wlan0 bridge=br0 driver=nl80211 auth_algs=1 macaddr_acl=0 ignore_broadcast_ssid=0 logger_syslog=-1 logger_syslog_level=0 hw_mode=g ssid=MY_SSID channel=11 wep_default_key=0 wep_key0=MY_KEY wpa=0 (yes, I know WEP is no good) And this in /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet dhcp allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet manual wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf iface default inet dhcp auto br0 iface br0 inet dhcp bridge-ports eth0 wlan0 Everything seems to come up ok, but I cannot associate with the bridged wireless connection - even though the flashing lights on the USB stick suggest packets are being exchanged. I have read somewhere that not all cards/devices will run in hostap mode - they won't pass packets in one direction: is that right? (The info was a bit old)- this my card: [ 3.663245] usb 1-1.3.1: new high-speed USB device number 5 using dwc_otg [ 3.794187] usb 1-1.3.1: New USB device found, idVendor=0cf3, idProduct=9271 [ 3.804321] usb 1-1.3.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=16, Product=32, SerialNumber=48 [ 3.816994] usb 1-1.3.1: Product: USB2.0 WLAN [ 3.823790] usb 1-1.3.1: Manufacturer: ATHEROS [ 3.830645] usb 1-1.3.1: SerialNumber: 12345 So, what have I got wrong here?

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• iptables drops some packets on port 80 and i don't know the cause.

  - by Janning

  Hi, We are running a firewall with iptables on our Debian Lenny system. I show you only the relevant entries of our firewall. Chain INPUT (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) target prot opt in out source destination ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 state NEW Chain OUTPUT (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) target prot opt in out source destination ACCEPT all -- * lo 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED LOGDROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Some packets get dropped each day with log messages like this: Feb 5 15:11:02 host1 kernel: [104332.409003] dropped IN= OUT=eth0 SRC= DST= LEN=1420 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=18576 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=80 DPT=59327 WINDOW=54 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 for privacy reasons I replaced IP Addresses with and This is no reason for any concern, but I just want to understand what's happening. The web server tries to send a packet to the client, but the firewall somehow came to the conclusion that this packet is "UNRELATED" to any prior traffic. I have set a kernel parameter ip_conntrack_ma to a high enough value to be sure to get all connections tracked by iptables state module: sysctl -w net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_max=524288 What's funny about that is I get one connection drop every 20 minutes: 06:34:54 droppedIN= 06:52:10 droppedIN= 07:10:48 droppedIN= 07:30:55 droppedIN= 07:51:29 droppedIN= 08:10:47 droppedIN= 08:31:00 droppedIN= 08:50:52 droppedIN= 09:10:50 droppedIN= 09:30:52 droppedIN= 09:50:49 droppedIN= 10:11:00 droppedIN= 10:30:50 droppedIN= 10:50:56 droppedIN= 11:10:53 droppedIN= 11:31:00 droppedIN= 11:50:49 droppedIN= 12:10:49 droppedIN= 12:30:50 droppedIN= 12:50:51 droppedIN= 13:10:49 droppedIN= 13:30:57 droppedIN= 13:51:01 droppedIN= 14:11:12 droppedIN= 14:31:32 droppedIN= 14:50:59 droppedIN= 15:11:02 droppedIN= That's from today, but on other days it looks like this, too (sometimes the rate varies). What might be the reason? Any help is greatly appreciated. kind regards Janning

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• xen + debian network after upgrade squeeze to wheeze

  - by rush

  I've got a Debian + Xen server. After a system upgrade to the stable version the network doesn't come up after boot. Every time after reboot I need to bring it up manually. The network configuration was not changed during upgrade. Here is /etc/network/interfaces: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 11.22.33.44 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 11.22.33.1 nameserver 8.8.8.8 After boot ip r shows no route and eth0 has no ip address. Manually ip and route setup goes fine and network starts working. Messages from dmesg about network I've found (looks like nothing interesting) [ 3.894401] ACPI: Fan [FAN3] (off) [ 3.894444] ACPI: Fan [FAN4] (off) [ 4.178348] e1000e 0000:00:19.0: eth0: (PCI Express:2.5GT/s:Width x1) 00:1e:67:14:66:c9 [ 4.178351] e1000e 0000:00:19.0: eth0: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection [ 4.178392] e1000e 0000:00:19.0: eth0: MAC: 10, PHY: 11, PBA No: 0100FF-0FF [ 4.178413] e1000e 0000:02:00.0: Disabling ASPM L0s L1 [ 4.178432] xen: registering gsi 16 triggering 0 polarity 1 -- [ 4.223667] ata5: DUMMY [ 4.223668] ata6: DUMMY [ 4.289153] e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth1: (PCI Express:2.5GT/s:Width x1) 00:1e:67:14:66:c8 [ 4.289155] e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth1: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection [ 4.289245] e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth1: MAC: 3, PHY: 8, PBA No: 1000FF-0FF [ 4.506908] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using ehci_hcd [ 4.542920] ata2: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) -- [ 10.362999] EXT4-fs (dm-23): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) [ 10.419103] EXT4-fs (dm-3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) [ 10.988255] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth1: link is not ready [ 13.175533] Event-channel device installed. [ 13.287555] XENBUS: Unable to read cpu state -- [ 13.288670] XENBUS: Unable to read cpu state [ 13.965939] Bridge firewalling registered [ 14.134048] e1000e: eth1 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: Rx/Tx [ 14.283862] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): peth0: link is not ready [ 14.284543] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth1: link becomes ready [ 17.800627] e1000e: peth0 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: Rx/Tx [ 17.801377] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): peth0: link becomes ready [ 18.307278] device peth0 entered promiscuous mode [ 24.538899] eth1: no IPv6 routers present [ 28.570902] peth0: no IPv6 routers present I've upgraded two servers and I've such behaviour on two of them. How to fix this and get network starts automatically on boot?

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• Assign individual NIC to KVM guest

  - by Bin S

  I have a server with 6 NICs installed and is running Ubuntu 12.04LTS. I want to setup 4 guest VMs using kvm. Now I want to assign 2 NICs for the host(1 Public IP and 1 private IP), and 1 NIC each to 4 guest VM(all private IP). How do I do this? /etc/network/interfaces I am having trouble with my configuration file shown below: # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.109 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.5 auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.1.117 netmask 255.255.255.0 auto eth2 iface eth2 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.168.1.118 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth2 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off auto eth3 iface eth3 inet manual auto br1 iface br1 inet static address 192.168.1.119 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth3 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off auto eth4 iface eth4 inet manual auto br2 iface br2 inet static address 192.168.1.123 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth4 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off auto eth5 iface eth5 inet manual auto br3 iface br3 inet static address 192.168.1.124 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth5 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off

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