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  • Oracle (PL/SQL): Is UPDATE RETURNING concurrent?

    - by Jaap
    I'm using table with a counter to ensure unique id's on a child element. I know it is usually better to use a sequence, but I can't use it because I have a lot of counters (a customer can create a couple of buckets and each of them needs to have their own counter, they have to start with 1 (it's a requirement, my customer needs "human readable" keys). I'm creating records (let's call them items) that have a prikey (bucket_id, num = counter). I need to guarantee that the bucket_id / num combination is unique (so using a sequence as prikey won't fix my problem). The creation of rows doesn't happen in pl/sql, so I need to claim the number (btw: it's not against the requirements to have gaps). My solution was: UPDATE bucket SET counter = counter + 1 WHERE id = param_id RETURNING counter INTO num_forprikey; PL/SQL returns var_num_forprikey so the item record can be created. Question: Will I always get unique num_forprikey even if the user concurrently asks for new items in a bucket?

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  • Explain "Leader/Follower" Pattern

    - by Alex B
    I can't seem to find a good explanation of "Leader/Follower" pattern. All explanations either simply refer to it in the context of some problem, or are completely meaningless. Can anyone explain to the the mechanics of how this pattern works, and why and how it improves performance over more traditional asynchronous IO models? Examples and links to diagrams are appreciated too.

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  • Multi-Threaded Application - Help with some pseudo code!!

    - by HonorGod
    I am working on a multi-threaded application and need help with some pseudo-code. To make it simpler for implementation I will try to explain that in simple terms / test case. Here is the scenario - I have an array list of strings (say 100 strings) I have a Reader Class that reads the strings and passes them to a Writer Class that prints the strings to the console. Right now this runs in a Single Thread Model. I wanted to make this multi-threaded but with the following features - Ability to set MAX_READERS Ability to set MAX_WRITERS Ability to set BATCH_SIZE So basically the code should instantiate those many Readers and Writers and do the work in parallel. Any pseudo code will really be helpful to keep me going!

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  • ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executing a wrong time because of CPU time discrepancy

    - by richs
    I'm scheduling a task using a ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor object. I use the following method: public ScheduledFuture<?> schedule(Runnable command, long delay,TimeUnit unit) and set the delay to 30 seconds (delay = 30,000 and unit=TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS). Sometimes my task occurs immediately and other times it takes 70 seconds. I believe the ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor uses CPU specific clocks. When i run tests comparing System.currentTimeMillis(), System.nanoTime() [which is CPU specific] i see the following schedule: 1272637682651ms, 7858346157228410ns execute: 1272637682667ms, 7858386270968425ns difference is 16ms but 4011374001ns (or 40,113ms) so it looks like there is discrepancy between two CPU clocks of 40 seconds How do i resolve this issue in java code? Unfortunately this is a clients machine and i can't modify their system.

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  • Asynchrous calls cause StaleObjectStateException

    - by Mulone
    Hi all, I'm struggling with a Grails service. The service gets AJAX calls from the clients and behaves like a simple local cache for remote objects: void **someCallFromClient**() { // extract params def results = remoteService.queryService(params) results.each{ // try to fetch result object from local DB def obj = SomeClass.findBySomeField(result.someField) if (!obj){ obj = new Result(params) obj.save() } // do stuff on obj } } The service works fine when only one client is connected, but as soon as 2 or more clients start bombing the server with requests, I start getting: 2010-05-24 13:09:49,764 [30893094@qtp-26315919-2] ERROR errors.GrailsExceptionResolver - Row was updated or deleted by another transaction (or unsaved-value mapping was incorrect): [ some object #892901] org.hibernate.StaleObjectStateException: Row was updated or deleted by another transaction (or unsaved-value mapping was incorrect): [ some object #892901] // very long stactrace It probably happens when 2 calls are trying to create the same object concurrently. I suppose this is a rather typical situation to end up in. Could you recommend any pattern/good practice to fix this issue? For example, is there a way to say to one of the service instances to hang on and wait for the other to finish its stuff and try again? Cheers!

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  • Inconsistency in java.util.concurrent.Future?

    - by loganj
    For the sake of argument, let's say I'm implementing Future for a task which is not cancelable. The Java 6 API doc says: After [cancel()] returns, subsequent calls to isDone() will always return true. [cancel()] returns false if the task could not be cancelled, typically because it has already completed normally It also says: [isDone()] returns true if this task completed. But what if my cancellation fails not because the task is already completed, but because it simply cannot be cancelled? Is there a way out of this contradiction (other than making my uncancelable task cancelable and sidestepping it altogether)?

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  • Physical Cores vs Virtual Cores in Parallelism

    - by Code Curiosity
    When it comes to virtualization, I have been deliberating on the relationship between the physical cores and the virtual cores, especially in how it effects applications employing parallelism. For example, in a VM scenario, if there are less physical cores than there are virtual cores, if that's possible, what's the effect or limits placed on the application's parallel processing? I'm asking, because in my environment, it's not disclosed as to what the physical architecture is. Is there still much advantage to parallelizing if the application lives on a dual core VM hosted on a single core physical machine?

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  • Ensuring all waiting threads complete

    - by Daniel
    I'm building a system where the progress of calling threads is dependent on the state of two variables. One variable is updated sporadically by an external source (separate from the client threads) and multiple client threads block on a condition of both variables. The system is something like this TypeB waitForB() { // Can be called by many threads. synchronized (B) { while (A <= B) { B.wait(); } A = B; return B; { } void updateB(TypeB newB) { // Called by one thread. synchronized (B) { B.update(newB); B.notifyAll(); // All blocked threads must receive new B. } } I need all the blocked threads to receive the new value of B once it has been updated. But the problem is once a single thread finishes and updates A, the waiting condition becomes true again so some of the other threads become blocked and don't receive the new value of B. Is there a way of ensuring that only the last thread that was blocked on B updates A, or another way of getting this behaviour?

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  • Is PetraVM Jinx Beta 1 good?

    - by Brian T Hannan
    PetraVM recently came out with a Beta release of their Jinx product. Has anyone checked it out yet? Any feedback? By good, I mean: 1) easy to use 2) intuitive 3) useful 4) doesn't take a lot of code to integrate ... those kinds of things. Thanks guys!

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  • Would this prevent the row from being read during the transaction?

    - by acidzombie24
    I remember an example where reads in a transaction then writing back the data is not safe because another transaction may read/write to it in the time between. So i would like to check the date and prevent the row from being modified or read until my transaction is finish. Would this do the trick? and are there any sql variants that this will not work on? update tbl set id=id where date>expire_date and id=@id Note: dateexpire_date happens to be my condition. It could be anything. Would this prevent other transaction from reading the row until i commit or rollback?

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  • Standard term for a thread I/O reorder buffer?

    - by Crashworks
    I have a case where many threads all concurrently generate data that is ultimately written to one long, serial file. I need to somehow serialize these writes so that the file gets written in the right order. ie, I have an input queue of 2048 jobs j0..jn, each of which produces a chunk of data oi. The jobs run in parallel on, say, eight threads, but the output blocks have to appear in the file in the same order as the corresponding input blocks — the output file has to be in the order o0o1o2... The solution to this is pretty self evident: I need some kind of buffer that accumulates and writes the output blocks in the correct order, similar to a CPU reorder buffer in Tomasulo's algorithm, or to the way that TCP reassembles out-of-order packets before passing them to the application layer. Before I go code it, I'd like to do a quick literature search to see if there are any papers that have solved this problem in a particularly clever or efficient way, since I have severe realtime and memory constraints. I can't seem to find any papers describing this though; a Scholar search on every permutation of [threads, concurrent, reorder buffer, reassembly, io, serialize] hasn't yielded anything useful. I feel like I must just not be searching the right terms. Is there a common academic name or keyword for this kind of pattern that I can search on?

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  • Is there any point in using a volatile long?

    - by Adamski
    I occasionally use a volatile instance variable in cases where I have two threads reading from / writing to it and don't want the overhead (or potential deadlock risk) of taking out a lock; for example a timer thread periodically updating an int ID that is exposed as a getter on some class: public class MyClass { private volatile int id; public MyClass() { ScheduledExecutorService execService = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1); execService.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() { public void run() { ++id; } }, 0L, 30L, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } public int getId() { return id; } } My question: Given that the JLS only guarantees that 32-bit reads will be atomic is there any point in ever using a volatile long? (i.e. 64-bit). Caveat: Please do not reply saying that using volatile over synchronized is a case of pre-optimisation; I am well aware of how / when to use synchronized but there are cases where volatile is preferable. For example, when defining a Spring bean for use in a single-threaded application I tend to favour volatile instance variables, as there is no guarantee that the Spring context will initialise each bean's properties in the main thread.

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  • How to write my own global lock / unlock functions for PostgreSQL

    - by rafalmag
    I have postgresql (in perlu) function getTravelTime(integer, timestamp), which tries to select data for specified ID and timestamp. If there are no data or if data is old, it downloads them from external server (downloading time ~300ms). Multiple process use this database and this function. There is an error when two process do not find data and download them and try to do an insert to travel_time table (id and timestamp pair have to be unique). I thought about locks. Locking whole table would block all processes and allow only one to proceed. I need to lock only on id and timestamp. pg_advisory_lock seems to lock only in "current session". But my processes uses their own sessions. I tried to write my own lock/unlock functions. Am I doing it right? I use active waiting, how can I omit this? Maybe there is a way to use pg_advisory_lock() as global lock? My code: CREATE TABLE travel_time_locks ( id_key integer NOT NULL, time_key timestamp without time zone NOT NULL, UNIQUE (id_key, time_key) ); ------------ -- Function: mylock(integer, timestamp) DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS mylock(integer, timestamp) CASCADE; -- Usage: SELECT mylock(1, '2010-03-28T19:45'); -- function tries to do a global lock similar to pg_advisory_lock(key, key) CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION mylock(id_input integer, time_input timestamp) RETURNS void AS $BODY$ DECLARE rows int; BEGIN LOOP BEGIN -- active waiting here !!!! :( INSERT INTO travel_time_locks (id_key, time_key) VALUES (id_input, time_input); EXCEPTION WHEN unique_violation THEN CONTINUE; END; EXIT; END LOOP; END; $BODY$ LANGUAGE 'plpgsql' VOLATILE COST 1; ------------ -- Function: myunlock(integer, timestamp) DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS myunlock(integer, timestamp) CASCADE; -- Usage: SELECT myunlock(1, '2010-03-28T19:45'); -- function tries to do a global unlock similar to pg_advisory_unlock(key, key) CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION myunlock(id_input integer, time_input timestamp) RETURNS integer AS $BODY$ DECLARE BEGIN DELETE FROM ONLY travel_time_locks WHERE id_key=id_input AND time_key=time_input; RETURN 1; END; $BODY$ LANGUAGE 'plpgsql' VOLATILE COST 1;

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  • How to synchronize static method in java.

    - by Summer_More_More_Tea
    Hi there: I come up with this question when implementing singleton pattern in Java. Even though the example listed blow is not my real code, yet very similar to the original one. public class ConnectionFactory{ private static ConnectionFactory instance; public static synchronized ConnectionFactory getInstance(){ if( instance == null ){ instance = new ConnectionFactory(); } return instance; } private ConnectionFactory(){ // private constructor implementation } } Because I'm not quite sure about the behavior of a static synchronized method, I get some suggestion from google -- do not have (or as less as possible) multiple static synchronized methods in the same class. I guess when implementing static synchronized method, a lock belongs to Class object is used so that multiple static synchronized methods may degrade performance of the system. Am I right? or JVM use other mechanism to implement static synchronized method? What's the best practice if I have to implement multiple static synchronized methods in a class? Thank you all! Kind regards!

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  • Java: serial thread confinement question

    - by denis
    Assume you have a Collection(ConcurrentLinkedQueue) of Runnables with mutable state. Thread A iterates over the Collection and hands the Runnables to an ExecutorService. The run() method changes the Runnables state. The Runnable has no internal synchronization. The above is a repetitive action and the worker threads need to see the changes made by previous iterations. So a Runnable gets processed by one worker thread after another, but is never accessed by more than one thread at a time - a case of serial thread confinement(i hope ;)). The question: Will it work just with the internal synchronization of the ConcurrentLinkedQueue/ExecutorSerivce? To be more precise: If Thread A hands Runnable R to worker thread B and B changes the state of R, and then A hands R to worker thread C..does C see the modifications done by B?

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  • "FOR UPDATE" v/s "LOCK IN SHARE MODE" : Allow concurrent threads to read updated "state" value of locked row

    - by shadesco
    I have the following scenario: User X logs in to the application from location lc1: call it Ulc1 User X (has been hacked, or some friend of his knows his login credential, or he just logs in from a different browser on his machine,etc.. u got the point) logs in at the same time from location lc2: call it Ulc2 I am using a main servlet which : - gets a connection from database pooling - sets autocommit to false - executes a command that goes through app layers: if all successful, set autocommit to true in a "finally" statement, and closes connection. Else if an exception happens, rollback(). In my database (mysql/innoDb) i have a "history" table, with row columns: id(primary key) |username | date | topic | locked The column "locked" has by default value "false" and it serves as a flag that marks if a specific row is locked or not. Each row is specific to a user (as u can see from the username column) So back to the scenario: --Ulc1 sends the command to update his history from the db for date "D" and topic "T". --Ulc2 sends the same command to update history from the db for the same date "D" and same topic "T" at the exact same time. I want to implement an mysql/innoDB locking system that will enable whichever thread arriving to do the following check: Is column "locked" for this row true or not? if true, return a message to the user that " he is already updating the same data from another location" if not true (ie not locked) : flag it as locked and update then reset locked to false once finished. Which of these two mysql locking techniques, will actually allow the 2nd arriving thread from reading the "updated" value of the locked column to decide wt action to take?Should i use "FOR UPDATE" or "LOCK IN SHARE MODE"? This scenario explains what i want to accomplish: - Ulc1 thread arrives first: column "locked" is false, set it to true and continue updating process - Ulc2 thread arrives while Ulc1's transaction is still in process, and even though the row is locked through innoDb functionalities, it doesn't have to wait but in fact reads the "new" value of column locked which is "true", and so doesn't in fact have to wait till Ulc1 transaction commits to read the value of the "locked" column(anyway by that time the value of this column will already have been reset to false). I am not very experienced with the 2 types of locking mechanisms, what i understand so far is that LOCK IN SHARE MODE allow other transaction to read the locked row while FOR UPDATE doesn't even allow reading. But does this read gets on the updated value? or the 2nd arriving thread has to wait the first thread to commit to then read the value? Any recommendations about which locking mechanism to use for this scenario is appreciated. Also if there's a better way to "check" if the row has been locked (other than using a true/false column flag) please let me know about it. thank you SOLUTION (Jdbc pseudocode example based on @Darhazer's answer) Table : [ id(primary key) |username | date | topic | locked ] connection.setautocommit(false); //transaction-1 PreparedStatement ps1 = "Select locked from tableName for update where id="key" and locked=false); ps1.executeQuery(); //transaction 2 PreparedStatement ps2 = "Update tableName set locked=true where id="key"; ps2.executeUpdate(); connection.setautocommit(true);// here we allow other transactions threads to see the new value connection.setautocommit(false); //transaction 3 PreparedStatement ps3 = "Update tableName set aField="Sthg" where id="key" And date="D" and topic="T"; ps3.executeUpdate(); // reset locked to false PreparedStatement ps4 = "Update tableName set locked=false where id="key"; ps4.executeUpdate(); //commit connection.setautocommit(true);

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  • What strategies are efficient to handle concurrent reads on heterogeneous multi-core architectures?

    - by fabrizioM
    I am tackling the challenge of using both the capabilities of a 8 core machine and a high-end GPU (Tesla 10). I have one big input file, one thread for each core, and one for the the GPU handling. The Gpu thread, to be efficient, needs a big number of lines from the input, while the Cpu thread needs only one line to proceed (storing multiple lines in a temp buffer was slower). The file doesn't need to be read sequentially. I am using boost. My strategy is to have a mutex on the input stream and each thread locks - unlocks it. This is not optimal because the gpu thread should have a higher precedence when locking the mutex, being the fastest and the most demanding one. I can come up with different solutions but before rush into implementation I would like to have some guidelines. What approach do you use / recommend ?

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  • Can fields of the class and arguments of the method interfere?

    - by Roman
    I have a class with a fields called "a". In the class I have a method and in the list of arguments of this method I also have "a". So, which "a" I will see inside of the method? Will it be the field or it will be the argument of the method? public class myClass { private String a; // Method which sets the value of the field "a". public void setA(String a) { a = a; } } By the way, there is a similar situation. A method has some local (for method) variables whose names coincide with the names of the fields. What will the "see" the method if I refer to such a method-local variable inside the method (the field or the local variable)?

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  • Generating different randoms valid for a day on different independent devices?

    - by Pentium10
    Let me describe the system. There are several mobile devices, each independent from each other, and they are generating content for the same record id. I want to avoid generating the same content for the same record on different devices, for this I though I would use a random and make it so too cluster the content pool based on these randoms. Suppose you have choices from 1 to 100. Day 1 Device#1 will choose for the record#33 between 1-10 Device#2 will choose for the record#33 between 40-50 Device#3 will choose for the record#33 between 50-60 Device#1 will choose for the record#55 between 40-50 Device#2 will choose for the record#55 between 1-10 Device#3 will choose for the record#55 between 10-20 Device#1 will choose for the record#11 between 1-10 Device#2 will choose for the record#22 between 1-10 Device#3 will choose for the record#99 between 1-10 Day 2 Device#1 will choose for the record#33 between 90-100 Device#2 will choose for the record#33 between 1-10 Device#3 will choose for the record#33 between 50-60 They don't have access to a central server. Data available for each of them: IMEI (unique per mobile) Date of today (same on all devices) Record id (same on all devices) What do you think, how is it possible? ps. tags can be edited

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