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  • XML Schema: Namespace issues when importing shared elements

    - by netzwerg
    When trying to import shared definitions from a XML Schema, I can properly reference shared types, but referencing shared elements causes validation errors. This is the schema that imports the shared definitions (example.xsd): <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xs:schema elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:shared="http://shared.com"> <xs:import namespace="http://shared.com" schemaLocation="shared.xsd"/> <xs:element name="example"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element ref="importedElement"/> <xs:element ref="importedType"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="importedElement"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element ref="shared:fooElement"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="importedType"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="bar" type="shared:barType"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> </xs:schema> These are the shared definitions (shared.xsd): <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://shared.com" targetNamespace="http://shared.com"> <xs:element name="fooElement"> <xs:simpleType> <xs:restriction base="xs:integer"/> </xs:simpleType> </xs:element> <xs:simpleType name="barType"> <xs:restriction base="xs:integer"/> </xs:simpleType> </xs:schema> Now consider this XML instance: <?xml version="1.0"?> <example xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="example.xsd"> <importedElement> <fooElement>42</fooElement> </importedElement> <importedType> <bar>42</bar> </importedType> </example> When validated, the "importedType" works perfectly fine, but the "importedElement" gives the following error: Invalid content was found starting with element 'fooElement'. One of '{"http://shared.com":fooElement}' is expected I would guess that my troubles are related to namespace issues (hence the somehow misleading "got fooElement but was expecting fooElement") -- any hints on what's wrong here?

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  • Can I use boost::make_shared with a private constructor?

    - by Billy ONeal
    Consider the following: class DirectoryIterator; namespace detail { class FileDataProxy; class DirectoryIteratorImpl { friend class DirectoryIterator; friend class FileDataProxy; WIN32_FIND_DATAW currentData; HANDLE hFind; std::wstring root; DirectoryIteratorImpl(); explicit DirectoryIteratorImpl(const std::wstring& pathSpec); void increment(); public: ~DirectoryIteratorImpl() {}; }; class FileDataProxy //Serves as a proxy to the WIN32_FIND_DATA struture inside the iterator. { friend class DirectoryIterator; boost::shared_ptr<DirectoryIteratorImpl> iteratorSource; FileDataProxy(boost::shared_ptr<DirectoryIteratorImpl> parent) : iteratorSource(parent) {}; public: std::wstring GetFolderPath() const { return iteratorSource->root; } }; } class DirectoryIterator : public boost::iterator_facade<DirectoryIterator, detail::FileDataProxy, std::input_iterator_tag> { friend class boost::iterator_core_access; boost::shared_ptr<detail::DirectoryIteratorImpl> impl; void increment() { impl->increment(); }; detail::FileDataProxy dereference() const { return detail::FileDataProxy(impl); }; public: DirectoryIterator() { impl = boost::make_shared<detail::DirectoryIteratorImpl>(); }; }; It seems like DirectoryIterator should be able to call boost::make_shared<DirectoryIteratorImpl>, because it is a friend of DirectoryIteratorImpl. However, this code fails to compile because the constructor for DirectoryIteratorImpl is private. Since this class is an internal implementation detail that clients of DirectoryIterator should never touch, it would be nice if I could keep the constructor private. Is this my fundamental misunderstanding around make_shared or do I need to mark some sort of boost piece as friend in order for the call to compile?

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  • Techniques for sharing a value among classes in a program

    - by Kenneth Cochran
    I'm using Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.CommonApplicationData) + "\MyProgram" As the path to store several files used by my program. I'd like to avoid pasting the same snippet of code all over the my applcation. I need to ensure that: The path cannot be accidentally changed once its been set The classes that need it have access to it. I've considered: Making it a singleton Using constructor dependency injection Using property dependency injection Using AOP to create the path where its needed. Each has pros and cons. The singleton is everyone's favorite whipping boy. I'm not opposed to using one but there are valid reasons to avoid it if possible. I'm already heavily using constructor injection through Castle Windsor. But this is a path string and Windsor doesn't handle system type dependencies very gracefully. I could always wrap it in a class but that seems like overkill for something as simple as a passing around a string value. In any case this route would add yet another constructor argument to each class where it is used. The problem I see with property injection in this case is that there is a large amount of indirection from the where the value is set to where it is needed. I would need a very long line of middlemen to reach all the places where its used. AOP looks promising and I'm planning on using AOP for logging anyway so this at least sounds like a simple solution. Is there any other options I haven't considered? Am I off base with my evaluation of the options I have considered?

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  • Restore and preserve UIViewController pushed from UINavigationController, no storyboard

    - by user2908112
    I try to restore a simple UIViewController that I pushed from my initial view controller. The first one is preserved, but the second one just disappear when relaunched. I don't use storyboard. I implement the protocol in every view controller and add the restorationIdentifier and restorationClass to each one of them. The second viewController inherit from a third viewController and is initialized from a xib file. I'm not sure if I need to implement the UIViewControllerRestoration to this third since I don't use it directly. My code looks like typically like this: - (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil { self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil]; if (self) { // Custom initialization self.restorationIdentifier = @"EditNotificationViewController"; self.restorationClass = [self class]; } return self; } -(void)encodeRestorableStateWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder { } -(void)decodeRestorableStateWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder { } +(UIViewController *)viewControllerWithRestorationIdentifierPath:(NSArray *)identifierComponents coder:(NSCoder *)coder { EditNotificationViewController* envc = [[EditNotificationViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"SearchFormViewController" bundle:nil]; return envc; } Should perhaps the navigationController be subclassed so it too can inherit from UIViewControllerRestoration?

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  • Samba server NETBIOS name not resolving, WINS support not working

    - by Eric
    When I try to connect to my CentOS 6.2 x86_64 server's samba shares using address \\REPO (NETBIOS name of REPO), it times out and shows an error; if I do so directly via IP, it works fine. Furthermore, my server does not work correctly as a WINS server despite my samba settings being correct for it (see below for details). If I stop the iptables service, things work properly. I'm using this page as a reference for which ports to use: http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/server_security.html Specifically: UDP/137 - used by nmbd UDP/138 - used by nmbd TCP/139 - used by smbd TCP/445 - used by smbd I really really really want to keep the secure iptables design I have below but just fix this particular problem. SMB.CONF [global] netbios name = REPO workgroup = AWESOME security = user encrypt passwords = yes # Use the native linux password database #passdb backend = tdbsam # Be a WINS server wins support = yes # Make this server a master browser local master = yes preferred master = yes os level = 65 # Disable print support load printers = no printing = bsd printcap name = /dev/null disable spoolss = yes # Restrict who can access the shares hosts allow = 127.0.0. 10.1.1. [public] path = /mnt/repo/public create mode = 0640 directory mode = 0750 writable = yes valid users = mangs repoman IPTABLES CONFIGURE SCRIPT # Remove all existing rules iptables -F # Set default chain policies iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P FORWARD DROP iptables -P OUTPUT DROP # Allow incoming SSH iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 22222 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 22222 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Allow incoming HTTP #iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT #iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 80 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Allow incoming Samba iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p udp --dport 137 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p udp --sport 137 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p udp --dport 138 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p udp --sport 138 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 139 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 139 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 445 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 445 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Make these rules permanent service iptables save service iptables restart**strong text**

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  • Can Haskell's monads be thought of as using and returning a hidden state parameter?

    - by AJM
    I don't understand the exact algebra and theory behind Haskell's monads. However, when I think about functional programming in general I get the impression that state would be modelled by taking an initial state and generating a copy of it to represent the next state. This is like when one list is appended to another; neither list gets modified, but a third list is created and returned. Is it therefore valid to think of monadic operations as implicitly taking an initial state object as a parameter and implicitly returning a final state object? These state objects would be hidden so that the programmer doesn't have to worry about them and to control how they gets accessed. So, the programmer would not try to copy the object representing the IO stream as it was ten minutes ago. In other words, if we have this code: main = do putStrLn "Enter your name:" name <- getLine putStrLn ( "Hello " ++ name ) ...is it OK to think of the IO monad and the "do" syntax as representing this style of code? putStrLn :: IOState -> String -> IOState getLine :: IOState -> (IOState, String) main :: IOState -> IOState -- main returns an IOState we can call "state3" main state0 = putStrLn state2 ("Hello " ++ name) where (state2, name) = getLine state1 state1 = putStrLn state0 "Enter your name:"

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  • Understanding C# async / await (1) Compilation

    - by Dixin
    Now the async / await keywords are in C#. Just like the async and ! in F#, this new C# feature provides great convenience. There are many nice documents talking about how to use async / await in specific scenarios, like using async methods in ASP.NET 4.5 and in ASP.NET MVC 4, etc. In this article we will look at the real code working behind the syntax sugar. According to MSDN: The async modifier indicates that the method, lambda expression, or anonymous method that it modifies is asynchronous. Since lambda expression / anonymous method will be compiled to normal method, we will focus on normal async method. Preparation First of all, Some helper methods need to make up. internal class HelperMethods { internal static int Method(int arg0, int arg1) { // Do some IO. WebClient client = new WebClient(); Enumerable.Repeat("http://weblogs.asp.net/dixin", 10) .Select(client.DownloadString).ToArray(); int result = arg0 + arg1; return result; } internal static Task<int> MethodTask(int arg0, int arg1) { Task<int> task = new Task<int>(() => Method(arg0, arg1)); task.Start(); // Hot task (started task) should always be returned. return task; } internal static void Before() { } internal static void Continuation1(int arg) { } internal static void Continuation2(int arg) { } } Here Method() is a long running method doing some IO. Then MethodTask() wraps it into a Task and return that Task. Nothing special here. Await something in async method Since MethodTask() returns Task, let’s try to await it: internal class AsyncMethods { internal static async Task<int> MethodAsync(int arg0, int arg1) { int result = await HelperMethods.MethodTask(arg0, arg1); return result; } } Because we used await in the method, async must be put on the method. Now we get the first async method. According to the naming convenience, it is called MethodAsync. Of course a async method can be awaited. So we have a CallMethodAsync() to call MethodAsync(): internal class AsyncMethods { internal static async Task<int> CallMethodAsync(int arg0, int arg1) { int result = await MethodAsync(arg0, arg1); return result; } } After compilation, MethodAsync() and CallMethodAsync() becomes the same logic. This is the code of MethodAsyc(): internal class CompiledAsyncMethods { [DebuggerStepThrough] [AsyncStateMachine(typeof(MethodAsyncStateMachine))] // async internal static /*async*/ Task<int> MethodAsync(int arg0, int arg1) { MethodAsyncStateMachine methodAsyncStateMachine = new MethodAsyncStateMachine() { Arg0 = arg0, Arg1 = arg1, Builder = AsyncTaskMethodBuilder<int>.Create(), State = -1 }; methodAsyncStateMachine.Builder.Start(ref methodAsyncStateMachine); return methodAsyncStateMachine.Builder.Task; } } It just creates and starts a state machine MethodAsyncStateMachine: [CompilerGenerated] [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Auto)] internal struct MethodAsyncStateMachine : IAsyncStateMachine { public int State; public AsyncTaskMethodBuilder<int> Builder; public int Arg0; public int Arg1; public int Result; private TaskAwaiter<int> awaitor; void IAsyncStateMachine.MoveNext() { try { if (this.State != 0) { this.awaitor = HelperMethods.MethodTask(this.Arg0, this.Arg1).GetAwaiter(); if (!this.awaitor.IsCompleted) { this.State = 0; this.Builder.AwaitUnsafeOnCompleted(ref this.awaitor, ref this); return; } } else { this.State = -1; } this.Result = this.awaitor.GetResult(); } catch (Exception exception) { this.State = -2; this.Builder.SetException(exception); return; } this.State = -2; this.Builder.SetResult(this.Result); } [DebuggerHidden] void IAsyncStateMachine.SetStateMachine(IAsyncStateMachine param0) { this.Builder.SetStateMachine(param0); } } The generated code has been cleaned up so it is readable and can be compiled. Several things can be observed here: The async modifier is gone, which shows, unlike other modifiers (e.g. static), there is no such IL/CLR level “async” stuff. It becomes a AsyncStateMachineAttribute. This is similar to the compilation of extension method. The generated state machine is very similar to the state machine of C# yield syntax sugar. The local variables (arg0, arg1, result) are compiled to fields of the state machine. The real code (await HelperMethods.MethodTask(arg0, arg1)) is compiled into MoveNext(): HelperMethods.MethodTask(this.Arg0, this.Arg1).GetAwaiter(). CallMethodAsync() will create and start its own state machine CallMethodAsyncStateMachine: internal class CompiledAsyncMethods { [DebuggerStepThrough] [AsyncStateMachine(typeof(CallMethodAsyncStateMachine))] // async internal static /*async*/ Task<int> CallMethodAsync(int arg0, int arg1) { CallMethodAsyncStateMachine callMethodAsyncStateMachine = new CallMethodAsyncStateMachine() { Arg0 = arg0, Arg1 = arg1, Builder = AsyncTaskMethodBuilder<int>.Create(), State = -1 }; callMethodAsyncStateMachine.Builder.Start(ref callMethodAsyncStateMachine); return callMethodAsyncStateMachine.Builder.Task; } } CallMethodAsyncStateMachine has the same logic as MethodAsyncStateMachine above. The detail of the state machine will be discussed soon. Now it is clear that: async /await is a C# level syntax sugar. There is no difference to await a async method or a normal method. A method returning Task will be awaitable. State machine and continuation To demonstrate more details in the state machine, a more complex method is created: internal class AsyncMethods { internal static async Task<int> MultiCallMethodAsync(int arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) { HelperMethods.Before(); int resultOfAwait1 = await MethodAsync(arg0, arg1); HelperMethods.Continuation1(resultOfAwait1); int resultOfAwait2 = await MethodAsync(arg2, arg3); HelperMethods.Continuation2(resultOfAwait2); int resultToReturn = resultOfAwait1 + resultOfAwait2; return resultToReturn; } } In this method: There are multiple awaits. There are code before the awaits, and continuation code after each await After compilation, this multi-await method becomes the same as above single-await methods: internal class CompiledAsyncMethods { [DebuggerStepThrough] [AsyncStateMachine(typeof(MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine))] // async internal static /*async*/ Task<int> MultiCallMethodAsync(int arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) { MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine multiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine = new MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine() { Arg0 = arg0, Arg1 = arg1, Arg2 = arg2, Arg3 = arg3, Builder = AsyncTaskMethodBuilder<int>.Create(), State = -1 }; multiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine.Builder.Start(ref multiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine); return multiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine.Builder.Task; } } It creates and starts one single state machine, MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine: [CompilerGenerated] [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Auto)] internal struct MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine : IAsyncStateMachine { public int State; public AsyncTaskMethodBuilder<int> Builder; public int Arg0; public int Arg1; public int Arg2; public int Arg3; public int ResultOfAwait1; public int ResultOfAwait2; public int ResultToReturn; private TaskAwaiter<int> awaiter; void IAsyncStateMachine.MoveNext() { try { switch (this.State) { case -1: HelperMethods.Before(); this.awaiter = AsyncMethods.MethodAsync(this.Arg0, this.Arg1).GetAwaiter(); if (!this.awaiter.IsCompleted) { this.State = 0; this.Builder.AwaitUnsafeOnCompleted(ref this.awaiter, ref this); } break; case 0: this.ResultOfAwait1 = this.awaiter.GetResult(); HelperMethods.Continuation1(this.ResultOfAwait1); this.awaiter = AsyncMethods.MethodAsync(this.Arg2, this.Arg3).GetAwaiter(); if (!this.awaiter.IsCompleted) { this.State = 1; this.Builder.AwaitUnsafeOnCompleted(ref this.awaiter, ref this); } break; case 1: this.ResultOfAwait2 = this.awaiter.GetResult(); HelperMethods.Continuation2(this.ResultOfAwait2); this.ResultToReturn = this.ResultOfAwait1 + this.ResultOfAwait2; this.State = -2; this.Builder.SetResult(this.ResultToReturn); break; } } catch (Exception exception) { this.State = -2; this.Builder.SetException(exception); } } [DebuggerHidden] void IAsyncStateMachine.SetStateMachine(IAsyncStateMachine stateMachine) { this.Builder.SetStateMachine(stateMachine); } } The above code is already cleaned up, but there are still a lot of things. More clean up can be done, and the state machine can be very simple: [CompilerGenerated] [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Auto)] internal struct MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine : IAsyncStateMachine { // State: // -1: Begin // 0: 1st await is done // 1: 2nd await is done // ... // -2: End public int State; public TaskCompletionSource<int> ResultToReturn; // int resultToReturn ... public int Arg0; // int Arg0 public int Arg1; // int arg1 public int Arg2; // int arg2 public int Arg3; // int arg3 public int ResultOfAwait1; // int resultOfAwait1 ... public int ResultOfAwait2; // int resultOfAwait2 ... private Task<int> currentTaskToAwait; /// <summary> /// Moves the state machine to its next state. /// </summary> void IAsyncStateMachine.MoveNext() { try { switch (this.State) { // Orginal code is splitted by "case"s: // case -1: // HelperMethods.Before(); // MethodAsync(Arg0, arg1); // case 0: // int resultOfAwait1 = await ... // HelperMethods.Continuation1(resultOfAwait1); // MethodAsync(arg2, arg3); // case 1: // int resultOfAwait2 = await ... // HelperMethods.Continuation2(resultOfAwait2); // int resultToReturn = resultOfAwait1 + resultOfAwait2; // return resultToReturn; case -1: // -1 is begin. HelperMethods.Before(); // Code before 1st await. this.currentTaskToAwait = AsyncMethods.MethodAsync(this.Arg0, this.Arg1); // 1st task to await // When this.currentTaskToAwait is done, run this.MoveNext() and go to case 0. this.State = 0; IAsyncStateMachine this1 = this; // Cannot use "this" in lambda so create a local variable. this.currentTaskToAwait.ContinueWith(_ => this1.MoveNext()); // Callback break; case 0: // Now 1st await is done. this.ResultOfAwait1 = this.currentTaskToAwait.Result; // Get 1st await's result. HelperMethods.Continuation1(this.ResultOfAwait1); // Code after 1st await and before 2nd await. this.currentTaskToAwait = AsyncMethods.MethodAsync(this.Arg2, this.Arg3); // 2nd task to await // When this.currentTaskToAwait is done, run this.MoveNext() and go to case 1. this.State = 1; IAsyncStateMachine this2 = this; // Cannot use "this" in lambda so create a local variable. this.currentTaskToAwait.ContinueWith(_ => this2.MoveNext()); // Callback break; case 1: // Now 2nd await is done. this.ResultOfAwait2 = this.currentTaskToAwait.Result; // Get 2nd await's result. HelperMethods.Continuation2(this.ResultOfAwait2); // Code after 2nd await. int resultToReturn = this.ResultOfAwait1 + this.ResultOfAwait2; // Code after 2nd await. // End with resultToReturn. this.State = -2; // -2 is end. this.ResultToReturn.SetResult(resultToReturn); break; } } catch (Exception exception) { // End with exception. this.State = -2; // -2 is end. this.ResultToReturn.SetException(exception); } } /// <summary> /// Configures the state machine with a heap-allocated replica. /// </summary> /// <param name="stateMachine">The heap-allocated replica.</param> [DebuggerHidden] void IAsyncStateMachine.SetStateMachine(IAsyncStateMachine stateMachine) { // No core logic. } } Only Task and TaskCompletionSource are involved in this version. And MultiCallMethodAsync() can be simplified to: [DebuggerStepThrough] [AsyncStateMachine(typeof(MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine))] // async internal static /*async*/ Task<int> MultiCallMethodAsync_(int arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) { MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine multiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine = new MultiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine() { Arg0 = arg0, Arg1 = arg1, Arg2 = arg2, Arg3 = arg3, ResultToReturn = new TaskCompletionSource<int>(), // -1: Begin // 0: 1st await is done // 1: 2nd await is done // ... // -2: End State = -1 }; (multiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine as IAsyncStateMachine).MoveNext(); // Original code are in this method. return multiCallMethodAsyncStateMachine.ResultToReturn.Task; } Now the whole state machine becomes very clear - it is about callback: Original code are split into pieces by “await”s, and each piece is put into each “case” in the state machine. Here the 2 awaits split the code into 3 pieces, so there are 3 “case”s. The “piece”s are chained by callback, that is done by Builder.AwaitUnsafeOnCompleted(callback), or currentTaskToAwait.ContinueWith(callback) in the simplified code. A previous “piece” will end with a Task (which is to be awaited), when the task is done, it will callback the next “piece”. The state machine’s state works with the “case”s to ensure the code “piece”s executes one after another. Callback Since it is about callback, the simplification  can go even further – the entire state machine can be completely purged. Now MultiCallMethodAsync() becomes: internal static Task<int> MultiCallMethodAsync(int arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) { TaskCompletionSource<int> taskCompletionSource = new TaskCompletionSource<int>(); try { // Oringinal code begins. HelperMethods.Before(); MethodAsync(arg0, arg1).ContinueWith(await1 => { int resultOfAwait1 = await1.Result; HelperMethods.Continuation1(resultOfAwait1); MethodAsync(arg2, arg3).ContinueWith(await2 => { int resultOfAwait2 = await2.Result; HelperMethods.Continuation2(resultOfAwait2); int resultToReturn = resultOfAwait1 + resultOfAwait2; // Oringinal code ends. taskCompletionSource.SetResult(resultToReturn); }); }); } catch (Exception exception) { taskCompletionSource.SetException(exception); } return taskCompletionSource.Task; } Please compare with the original async / await code: HelperMethods.Before(); int resultOfAwait1 = await MethodAsync(arg0, arg1); HelperMethods.Continuation1(resultOfAwait1); int resultOfAwait2 = await MethodAsync(arg2, arg3); HelperMethods.Continuation2(resultOfAwait2); int resultToReturn = resultOfAwait1 + resultOfAwait2; return resultToReturn; Yeah that is the magic of C# async / await: Await is literally pretending to wait. In a await expression, a Task object will be return immediately so that caller is not blocked. The continuation code is compiled as that Task’s callback code. When that task is done, continuation code will execute. Please notice that many details inside the state machine are omitted for simplicity, like context caring, etc. If you want to have a detailed picture, please do check out the source code of AsyncTaskMethodBuilder and TaskAwaiter.

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  • PHP shared extensions on Linux

    - by F21
    I am running Ubuntu Server 12.04 and prefer to compile PHP myself as opposed to installing it using apt-get. PHP is running as PHP-FPM. When compiling extensions, I can set it to be compiled as a shared extension using something like --with-bcmath=shared and so on. Are there any benefits to compiling the extensions as shared? I also noticed that the extensions are compiled into a pretty convoluted folder. On my system (my php prefix is /usr/local/php-5.4.9) the extensions end up in /usr/local/php-5.4.9/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525. Is there a global way to set a folder so that all shared extensions will be compiled in there? I understand that I can do something like --with-foobar=shared,/usr/local/foobar/ but having to set the extension folder for each shared extension is inefficient and error-prone.

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  • Is computer's DRAM size not as important once we get a Solid State Drive?

    - by Jian Lin
    I am thinking of getting a Dell X11 netbook, and it can go up to 8GB of DRAM, together with a 256GB Solid State Drive. So in that case, it can handle quite a bit of Virtual PC running Linux, and Win XP, etc. But is the 8GB of RAM not so important any more. Won't 2GB or 4GB be quite good if a Solid State Hard drive is used? I think the most worried thing is that the memory is not enough and the less often used data is swapped to the pagefile on hard disk and it will become really slow, but with SDD drive, the problem is a lot less of a concerned? Is there a comparison as to, if DRAM speed is n, then SDD drive speed is how many n and hard disk speed is how many n just as a ball park comparison?

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  • Windows Software to Save Arbitrary Application State

    - by ashes999
    VM software does a great job of saving state when you "turn it off," allowing instant and immediate return to that previous state. Is there some application for Windows that allows me to do the same thing, for any arbitrary software? It would allow me to save/restore state, possibly via a shell command or button that it appends to every window. Edit: For clarity, there are two types of apps: those that save their own states, and those that save others' states. Those that save their own state are like Chrome, which on load, reloads the windows you had open last time. That's not what I'm asking about; I'm asking for an app that can save the state of other apps, kind of like VM software does; but for any app. (A trivial test would be load notepad++, type a bunch of stuff, and save-state; on reset-state, you should be able to multi-level undo a lot of what you wrote, as if you never shut down the application.)

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  • Windows Software to Save Arbitrary Application State

    - by ashes999
    VM software does a great job of saving state when you "turn it off," allowing instant and immediate return to that previous state. Is there some application for Windows that allows me to do the same thing, for any arbitrary software? It would allow me to save/restore state, possibly via a shell command or button that it appends to every window. Edit: For clarity, there are two types of apps: those that save their own states, and those that save others' states. Those that save their own state are like Chrome, which on load, reloads the windows you had open last time. That's not what I'm asking about; I'm asking for an app that can save the state of other apps, kind of like VM software does; but for any app. (A trivial test would be load notepad++, type a bunch of stuff, and save-state; on reset-state, you should be able to multi-level undo a lot of what you wrote, as if you never shut down the application.)

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  • Windows 7 shared folder status info not showing in details pane

    - by Mike
    Just upgraded my system to Windows 7 a few hours ago and noticed that there was no shared overlay icon on my shared folders anymore and after doing some reading I discovered that the icon was removed in Windows 7, stupid decision but w/eve. Anyway I have been reading that if a folder is shared then you can still see the shared status of a folder in the details pane in explorer whenever you select the folder, but this information is not available to me for some reason and I am not sure why. When I click on a shared folder in explorer the only information I see in the details pane is the folders name and the modified date/time info which is the same information I see for a folder that is not shared so my question is how do I get this information to display in the details pane like it's supposed to be.

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  • CLR 4.0: Corrupted State Exceptions

    - by Scott Dorman
    Corrupted state exceptions are designed to help you have fewer bugs in your code by making it harder to make common mistakes around exception handling. A very common pattern is code like this: public void FileSave(String name) { try { FileStream fs = new FileStream(name, FileMode.Create); } catch (Exception e) { MessageBox.Show("File Open Error"); throw new Exception(IOException); } The standard recommendation is not to catch System.Exception but rather catch the more specific exceptions (in this case, IOException). While this is a somewhat contrived example, what would happen if Exception were really an AccessViolationException or some other exception indicating that the process state has been corrupted? What you really want to do is get out fast before persistent data is corrupted or more work is lost. To help solve this problem and minimize the chance that you will catch exceptions like this, CLR 4.0 introduces Corrupted State Exceptions, which cannot be caught by normal catch statements. There are still places where you do want to catch these types of exceptions, particularly in your application’s “main” function or when you are loading add-ins.  There are also rare circumstances when you know code that throws an exception isn’t dangerous, such as when calling native code. In order to support these scenarios, a new HandleProcessCorruptedStateExceptions attribute has been added. This attribute is added to the function that catches these exceptions. There is also a process wide compatibility switch named legacyCorruptedStateExceptionsPolicy which when set to true will cause the code to operate under the older exception handling behavior. Technorati Tags: CLR 4.0, .NET 4.0, Exception Handling, Corrupted State Exceptions

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  • Changing State in PlayerControler from PlayerInput

    - by Jeremy Talus
    In my player input I wanna change the the "State" of my player controller but I have some trouble to do it my player input is declared like that : class ResistancePlayerInput extends PlayerInput within ResistancePlayerController config(ResistancePlayerInput); and in my playerControler I have that : class ResistancePlayerController extends GamePlayerController; var name PreviousState; DefaultProperties { CameraClass = class 'ResistanceCamera' //Telling the player controller to use your custom camera script InputClass = class'ResistanceGame.ResistancePlayerInput' DefaultFOV = 90.f //Telling the player controller what the default field of view (FOV) should be } simulated event PostBeginPlay() { Super.PostBeginPlay(); } auto state Walking { event BeginState(name PreviousStateName) { Pawn.GroundSpeed = 200; `log("Player Walking"); } } state Running extends Walking { event BeginState(name PreviousStateName) { Pawn.GroundSpeed = 350; `log("Player Running"); } } state Sprinting extends Walking { event BeginState(name PreviousStateName) { Pawn.GroundSpeed = 800; `log("Player Sprinting"); } } I have tried to use PCOwner.GotoState(); and ResistancePlayerController(PCOwner).GotoState(); but won't work. I have also tried a simple GotoState, and nothing happen how can I call GotoState for the PC Class from my player input ?

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  • Condition Variable in Shared Memory - is this code POSIX-conformant?

    - by GrahamS
    We've been trying to use a mutex and condition variable to synchronise access to named shared memory on a LynuxWorks LynxOS-SE system (POSIX-conformant). One shared memory block is called "/sync" and contains the mutex and condition variable, the other is "/data" and contains the actual data we are syncing access to. We're seeing failures from pthread_cond_signal() if both processes don't perform the mmap() calls in exactly the same order, or if one process mmaps in some other piece of shared memory before it mmaps the sync memory. This example code is about as short as I can make it: #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include <sys/file.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <errno.h> #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; static const string shm_name_sync("/sync"); static const string shm_name_data("/data"); struct shared_memory_sync { pthread_mutex_t mutex; pthread_cond_t condition; }; struct shared_memory_data { int a; int b; }; //Create 2 shared memory objects // - sync contains 2 shared synchronisation objects (mutex and condition) // - data not important void create() { // Create and map 'sync' shared memory int fd_sync = shm_open(shm_name_sync.c_str(), O_CREAT|O_RDWR, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR); ftruncate(fd_sync, sizeof(shared_memory_sync)); void* addr_sync = mmap(0, sizeof(shared_memory_sync), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd_sync, 0); shared_memory_sync* p_sync = static_cast<shared_memory_sync*> (addr_sync); // init the cond and mutex pthread_condattr_t cond_attr; pthread_condattr_init(&cond_attr); pthread_condattr_setpshared(&cond_attr, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED); pthread_cond_init(&(p_sync->condition), &cond_attr); pthread_condattr_destroy(&cond_attr); pthread_mutexattr_t m_attr; pthread_mutexattr_init(&m_attr); pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(&m_attr, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED); pthread_mutex_init(&(p_sync->mutex), &m_attr); pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&m_attr); // Create the 'data' shared memory int fd_data = shm_open(shm_name_data.c_str(), O_CREAT|O_RDWR, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR); ftruncate(fd_data, sizeof(shared_memory_data)); void* addr_data = mmap(0, sizeof(shared_memory_data), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd_data, 0); shared_memory_data* p_data = static_cast<shared_memory_data*> (addr_data); // Run the second process while it sleeps here. sleep(10); int res = pthread_cond_signal(&(p_sync->condition)); assert(res==0); // <--- !!!THIS ASSERT WILL FAIL ON LYNXOS!!! munmap(addr_sync, sizeof(shared_memory_sync)); shm_unlink(shm_name_sync.c_str()); munmap(addr_data, sizeof(shared_memory_data)); shm_unlink(shm_name_data.c_str()); } //Open the same 2 shared memory objects but in reverse order // - data // - sync void open() { sleep(2); int fd_data = shm_open(shm_name_data.c_str(), O_RDWR, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR); void* addr_data = mmap(0, sizeof(shared_memory_data), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd_data, 0); shared_memory_data* p_data = static_cast<shared_memory_data*> (addr_data); int fd_sync = shm_open(shm_name_sync.c_str(), O_RDWR, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR); void* addr_sync = mmap(0, sizeof(shared_memory_sync), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd_sync, 0); shared_memory_sync* p_sync = static_cast<shared_memory_sync*> (addr_sync); // Wait on the condvar pthread_mutex_lock(&(p_sync->mutex)); pthread_cond_wait(&(p_sync->condition), &(p_sync->mutex)); pthread_mutex_unlock(&(p_sync->mutex)); munmap(addr_sync, sizeof(shared_memory_sync)); munmap(addr_data, sizeof(shared_memory_data)); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { if(argc>1) { open(); } else { create(); } return (0); } Run this program with no args, then another copy with args, and the first one will fail at the assert checking the pthread_cond_signal(). But change the open() function to mmap() the "/sync" memory first and it will all work fine. This seems like a major bug in LynxOS but LynuxWorks claim that using mutex and condition variable in this way is not covered by the POSIX standard, so they are not interested. Can anyone determine if this code does violate POSIX? Or does anyone have any convincing documentation that it is POSIX compliant?

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  • .net compliant version control system that can be installed on a shared hosting (with no SSH/root Access)

    - by Farshid
    I searched a lot in SO and other websites for a version control system that can be installed on a shared windows hosting that lets me create repositories for putting my project files on it and supply me with version control facilities but I did not find one. I looked to see whether I can install git, Mercurial or TFS in a shared hosting and I did not found any answer. I want to know if you know any system that can be installed on a shared windows hosting and please tell your recommendations if you have had an experience before.

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  • Shared memory of same DLL in different 32 bit processes is sometimes different in a terminal session

    - by KBrusing
    We have an 32 bit application consisting of some processes. They communicate with shared memory of a DLL used by every process. Shared memory is build with global variables in C++ by "#pragma data_seg ("Shared")". When running this application sometime during starting a new process in addition to an existing (first) process we observe that the shared memory of both processes is not the same. All new started processes cannot communicate with the first process. After stopping all of our processes and restarting the application (with some processes) everything works fine. But sometime or other after successfully starting and finishing new processes the problem occurs again. Running on all other Windows versions or terminal sessions on Windows server 2003 our application never got this problem. Is there any new "feature" on Windows server 2008 that might disturb the hamony of our application?

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  • Flex 4 / Flash 4 Add to Current State

    - by user163757
    I am having a little difficulty working with states in Flex (or Flash) 4. Lets say that my application has three states; the default (base) state, state 1, and state 2. State 1 should always be based on the base state, that's easy enough to accomplish. However, I would like state 2 to be based on the current state (either base or state 1). I can't for the life of me figure it out. I tried setting the basedOn property of state 1 to "this.currentState", but that just crashes my browser. <s:states> <s:State name="default"/> <s:State name="state1"/> <s:State name="state2" basedOn="{this.currentState}"/> </s:states> <s:TitleWindow id="configWindow" includeIn="state1" width="250" height="100%" close="configWindow_closeHandler(event)"/> <s:Panel id="settings" includeIn="state2" width="200" height="200"/>

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  • "Shared Folders" Feature Is Not Working In VirtualBox

    - by Islam Hassan
    I have Ubuntu 11.10 as a host and another linux 2.6 distribution as a guest. When I try to setup guest additions, this error message appears Building the shared folder support module .. fail And because of that, when I run the following in terminal mount -t vboxsf shared /root/shared I get the following error message mount: unknown filesystem type 'vboxsf' Any syggestions please? EDIT Sorry, the mentioned error message isn't complete, this is it. Building the shared folder support module ...fail! (Look at /var/log/vboxadd-install.log to find out what went wrong) This is the content of vboxadd-install.log Uninstalling modules from DKMS Attempting to install using DKMS Creating symlink /var/lib/dkms/vboxguest/4.1.2/source -> /usr/src/vboxguest-4.1.2 DKMS: add Completed. Kernel preparation unnecessary for this kernel. Skipping... Building module: cleaning build area.... make KERNELRELEASE=3.2.6 -C /lib/modules/3.2.6/build M=/var/lib/dkms/vboxguest/4.1.2/build..........................(bad exit status: 2) Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 3.2.6 (i686) Consult the make.log in the build directory /var/lib/dkms/vboxguest/4.1.2/build/ for more information. 0 0 ERROR: binary package for vboxguest: 4.1.2 not found Failed to install using DKMS, attempting to install without make KBUILD_VERBOSE=1 -C /lib/modules/3.2.6/build SUBDIRS=/tmp/vbox.0 SRCROOT=/tmp/vbox.0 modules test -e include/generated/autoconf.h -a -e include/config/auto.conf || ( \ echo; \ echo " ERROR: Kernel configuration is invalid."; \ echo " include/generated/autoconf.h or include/config/auto.conf are missing.";\ echo " Run 'make oldconfig && make prepare' on kernel src to fix it."; \ echo; \ /bin/false) mkdir -p /tmp/vbox.0/.tmp_versions ; rm -f /tmp/vbox.0/.tmp_versions/* WARNING: Symbol version dump /usr/src/linux-source-3.2.6/Module.symvers is missing; modules will have no dependencies and modversions. Actually the log file is very large and it exceeds the 30000 characters limit. How can I upload the entire log file here?

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  • JS closures - Passing a function to a child, how should the shared object be accessed

    - by slicedtoad
    I have a design and am wondering what the appropriate way to access variables is. I'll demonstrate with this example since I can't seem to describe it better than the title. Term is an object representing a bunch of time data (a repeating duration of time defined by a bunch of attributes) Term has some print functionality but does not implement the print functions itself, rather they are passed in as anonymous functions by the parent. This would be similar to how shaders can be passed to a renderer rather than defined by the renderer. A container (let's call it Box) has a Schedule object that can understand and use Term objects. Box creates Term objects and passes them to Schedule as required. Box also defines the print functions stored in Term. A print function usually takes an argument and uses it to return a string based on that argument and Term's internal data. Sometime the print function could also use data stored in Schedule, though. I'm calling this data shared. So, the question is, what is the best way to access this shared data. I have a lot of options since JS has closures and I'm not familiar enough to know if I should be using them or avoiding them in this case. Options: Create a local "reference" (term used lightly) to the shared data (data is not a primitive) when defining the print function by accessing the shared data through Schedule from Box. Example: var schedule = function(){ var sched = Schedule(); var t1 = Term( function(x){ // Term.print() return (x + sched.data).format(); }); }; Bind it to Term explicitly. (Pass it in Term's constructor or something). Or bind it in Sched after Box passes it. And then access it as an attribute of Term. Pass it in at the same time x is passed to the print function, (from sched). This is the most familiar way for my but it doesn't feel right given JS's closure ability. Do something weird like bind some context and arguments to print. I'm hoping the correct answer isn't purely subjective. If it is, then I guess the answer is just "do whatever works". But I feel like there are some significant differences between the approaches that could have a large impact when stretched beyond my small example.

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  • Is sqlite3 faster than MySQL on shared hosting?

    - by Osvaldo
    Can sqlite3 be faster than MySQL on shared hosting and small to average websites (less than 500 visitors a day). I have an account in a popular shared hosting provider and I've noticed that it has become quite slow redering pages. My doubt is that this may happen because the MySQL server is overloaded. Some CMS'es work fine with SQLlite too, so I was wandering if I should use SQLite for the new sites instead of MySQL.

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  • Behaviour tree code example?

    - by jokoon
    http://altdevblogaday.org/2011/02/24/introduction-to-behavior-trees/ Obviously the most interesting article I found on this website. What do you think about it ? It lacks some code example, don't you know any ? I also read that state machines are not very flexible compared to behaviour trees... On top of that I'm not sure if there is a true link between state machines and the state pattern... is there ?

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  • Sudo Non-Password access to /sys/power/state

    - by John
    On my computer, pm-hibernate appears to be broken, however using the command echo disk > /sys/power/state appears to work perfectly. Now I just need regular user access to it, using sudo. How do I do this? The command sudo echo disk > /sys/power/state simply returns bash: /sys/power/state: Permission denied. Also, I need this in a regularly used script, how can I make it so that I don't have to type in my password for it to work???

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  • How do I send a newsletter to 2000 emails on a shared server?

    - by Bogdan
    Consider this scenario: I'm running Magento 1.4 Community Edition I have a newsletter that I'm sending out 2 times per week My list has 2000 subscribers I'm on a shared hosting plan (linux on apache 2.2 with Cpanel) My hosting provider limits me to 6 emails/minute How can I send 2000 emails x 2 times/week x 4 weeks/month in the above scenario? Is there a server configuration I can ask my hosting company to make? Any software that can temporize the email send?

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