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• Windows Firewall Software to Filter Transit Traffic

  - by soonts

  I need to test my networking code for Nintendo Wii under the conditions when some specific Internet server is not available. Wii is connected to my PC with crossover ethernet cable. PC has 2 NICs. PC is connected to hardware router with ethernet cable. The hardware router serves as NAT and has an internet connected to its uplink. I set the Wii to be in the same lan as PC by using Windows XP Network bridge. I can observe the WII network traffic using e.g. Wireshark sniffer. Is there a software firewall that can selectively filter out transit traffic? (e.g. block outgoing TCP connections to 123.45.67.89 to port 443) I tried Outpost Pro 2009 and Comodo. Outpost firewall blocks all transit traffic with it's implicit "block transit packet" rule. If the transit traffic is explicitly allowed by creating the system-wide low level rule, then it's allowed completely and no other filter can selectively block it. Comodo firewall only process rules when the packet has localhost's IP as either source or destination, allowing the rest of the traffic. Any ideas? Thanks in advance! P.S. Platform is Windows XP 32 bit, no other OSes is allowed, Windows ICS (Internet Connection Sharing) doesnt work since the Wii is unable to connect, becides I don't like the idea of adding one more level of NAT.

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• Howto monitor traffic between IIS and MSSQL

  - by kockiren

  Hello @all, i try to check how much traffic flows between MSSQL Server and IIS Server in different Locations. There are 1 ipcop in every Location and i download the tcpdump file from one Firewall and search for DST=ipmssql and SRC=ipIIS but i did not find the ip from the Database Server. But there are traffic between both. Any suggestions why i did not find the IP Adress from the MSSQL Server? Is this an configuration failure in IPCop or is the Traffic between ISS and MSSQL so strange :-) Regards Rene

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• kvm -net only passing broadcast, multicast, and guest destination traffic

  - by user52874

  Figured this out just last week, but I can't find it now. Even printed it out. Can't find that either. Frustrating...so...help! Configured a 'monitoring' nic on a kvm guest (running 'Security Onion, if it matters). I read (somewhere) that the default nic configuration for a kvm guest is to only pass broadcast traffic, multicast traffic, and traffic with the guest's mac as a destination. There is an option to override this behaviour, and pass all traffic. It's something like --mac-filtering=no, or --mac-restriction=no, or something like that. Worked beautifully. Does this look at all familiar to anyone who can clue me in to the exact option syntax? thx.

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• Plesk 9.2.1 reporting much more SMTP traffic than the logs indicate

  - by Eric3

  Plesk is reporting nearly 7GB of SMTP traffic so far this month on one domain, most of it outgoing. However, after running qmail's mail logs (which only go back to May 8) through Sawmill, only about 900MB of traffic on that domain is accounted for. What I know so far: Email sent via PHP's mail() function is sent through sendmail, which has been logging its output via syslog to the same logs that qmail uses, at /usr/local/psa/var/log/ Messages sent by logging in directly via Telnet are logged as well I verified that Plesk is reporting totals correctly by creating a new domain, sending some large emails through it, running Plesk's statistics calculation script, and comparing its reported totals to the actual size of the emails sent The problem domain did have three mail accounts with blank or insecure passwords, which I corrected Does anyone know how Plesk calculates SMTP traffic statistics? Are there some log files elsewhere that I'm missing? What kind of SMTP traffic would Plesk know about that isn't being logged?

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• Routing application traffic through specific interface

  - by UnicornsAndRainbows

  Hello All! First question here, so please go easy: I have a debian linux 5.0 server with two public interfaces. I would like to route outbound traffic from one instance of an application via one interface and the second instance through the second interface. There are some challenges: both instances of the application use the same protocol both instances of the application can access the entire internet (can't route based on dest network) I can't change the code of the application I don't think a typical approach to load balancing all traffic is going to work well, because there are relatively few destination servers being accessed in the outbound traffic, and all traffic would really need to be distributed pretty evenly across these relatively few servers. I could probably run two virtualized servers on the box and bind each of them to a different external ip, but I'm looking for a simpler solution, maybe using iproute or iptables? Any ideas for me? Thanks in advance - and I'm happy to answer any questions.

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• Free hosting solution for a very low-traffic website [duplicate]

  - by user966939

  This question already has an answer here: How to find web hosting that meets my requirements? 4 answers I run a very low-traffic website (about 40 users, basically all of which are daily active on the site). I don't see it changing anytime soon either, as there is no way to sign up on the site right now. Until now I have just been using a sub-directory on a friend's host (shared), to host the web site. But in only a few weeks from now, his subscription will end, and he has no plans on renewing it. So of course this means I'll have to move on to something else. But I don't think I'll find someone who'd be willing to share a... shared host with me again. And besides, the software used on that server is ancient (PHP 4.4.9 + MySQL 4.1.22). There's one obvious solution that comes to mind, I guess: choose a better host and pay for it myself. The problem here is that I have no real fixed income, as I'm only a student. So even if the pricing is dirt cheap, I just can't be certain I will be able to afford it, every single month, for... at least 2 years maybe? So I've looked at free hosting solutions instead. The least requirement I had was that it was completely free of ads. But no matter where I look, I always find something in a corner or two ("what can you expect from a free host?" - yeah I know, but I guess it was worth a shot). For example, on Byethost (one of the free hosts I tried), if you trigger a PHP error while error reporting is set to E_ALL, you will spawn some hidden ad... Besides Byethost, I've tried 000Webhost, x10Hosting, 2Freehosting/1Freehosting, Wink.ws, and they are only worse. Okay, I'm running low on ideas. But! What if I just hosted the site myself, on my own computer? That could work. I actually do have my computer on practically 24/7. But not really. Sometimes I need to reboot it, and sometimes we even have power outages. And what if the hardware needs an upgrade? It's not such a big deal for me if the site went down, because I know what's going on; but what about the users? If I do decide to host it myself, is there some way to show users an alternate page instead of them just seeing a generic "server not found" page in the browser when the site is not accessible? Or is there something I have been missing out on? Is there a different kind of "web hosting" solution out there that I haven't heard of? Here is what I'm really looking for: Free (as in, no costs) NO ads Bandwidth enough for a low-traffic forum with roughly 40 users (Semi-)Up-to-date PHP and MySQL (at least not older than a year) No standard (non-extension) PHP functions turned off - such as sleep() The mbstring extension is enabled Disk space: at least 5 MB At least one MySQL database Some bonus points would be: Max execution time of PHP scripts can be set Remote access to MySQL database What would be the best solution for me? Is there one?

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• Redirecting specific traffic to amazon AWS

  - by yoav r

  My server has recieved sudden increase in the (read) web traffic, requesting many map image tiles, and apache cannot handle it. Apache cannot even handle the redirections! The average load I get in my CentOS machine is more then 200.. Is there some software out there that can redirect SOME of the traffic, such as only the traffic from specific directory (such as http://example.com/maptiles/abc.png) to a different address (sucha as http://s3.amazonaws.com/mytiles/abc.png) ? can this be done by HAProxy?

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• Cisco ASA - NAT'ing VPN traffic

  - by DrStalker

  I have an IPsec VPN setup like this: [Remote users]-[Remote ASA] <-VPN-> [My ASA]-[Subnet A]-[Router 2]-[Subnet B] The VPN is set to handle traffic between [remote users] and [Subnet A]; it does not include [Subnet B]. Pretend the firewall rules for all routers are to permit everything. Now I want to redirect traffic that comes over the VPN to a specific IP on [subnet A] (192.168.1.102) to an IP on [Subnet B] (10.1.1.133) If I add a rule on [My ASA] to NAT traffic to original IP 192.168.1.102 to new IP 10.1.1.133, 1) Will this affect the connections coming in over the VPN? (ie: the VPN packets are unencrypted and then NAT is applied) 2) Will this work when the post-NAT target is on Subnet-B, which is not part of the VPN traffic selection?

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• Proxy the traffic in http and https from my iPhone/iPad to VirtualBox on my Mac

  - by Nicolas BADIA

  I've got a mac running a Debian VirtualBox which forward the traffic from 8080 on the mac to 80 in the box and from 8443 to 443. The domains with the extension .dev are redirected on the mac to 127.0.0.1 with dnsmasq. The traffic on IP 127.0.0.1 is forwarded from 80 to 8080 and from 443 to 8443 using ipfw. So with this settings, my Debian VirtualBox gets all the traffic of my .dev domains in http or https. What I want is to be able to proxy the traffic of my .dev domains in http and https from my iPad to my Debian VirtualBox on the mac. I've try to setup an HTTP proxy on the ipad but I can only do it for one port (and it's not working with the port 443). Any idea on how I could achieve that ?

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• configuring linux server to send traffic to local machines using local IP address

  - by gkdsp

  Two linux servers, server1 and server2, are on the same local network (they also have access to an external network). Server2 has a local IP of 192.168.0.2 and a host name of host2.mydomain.com. QUESTION 1: If an application on server1 sends traffic to server2 using a host name of host2.mydomain.com, what determines whether this traffic is routed to server2 using the local or external network? QUESTION 2: To ensure that all traffic sent from server1 to server2 always uses the local network, could I simply include in the server1 /etc/hosts file the following? 192.168.0.2 host2.mydomain.com ...the thinking being, if the servers are always on the same network there should never be a need for server2 to send traffic to server1 via the external network (that I can think of anyway). Is this done in practice, or is some other method preferred?

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• Forwarding broadcast traffic

  - by Dragos

  I have a host that receives broadcast queries on a UDP port. I would like to forward this broadcast traffic to another host from another network. Is it possible to port forwarding broadcast traffic using iptables? I have tried to specify package traffic as broadcast, but I didn't success. (-m pkttype --pkt-type broadcast). If I recive unicast traffic on that port, the forwarding succeeds. I try to forwarding using nat table.(-A POSTROUTING -j DNAT --to-destinatiox x.x.x.x) Thanks.

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• Disable ALTQ for internal network traffic

  - by javanix

  I currently have a FreeBSD 8.2 media server set up on my LAN that I use to stream my music from. I also have an SSH login that I use to do file transfers to and from this server remotely. I would like to set up ALTQ (and have gotten this working) to limit my outgoing bandwidth from the server for SSH traffic. However, configuring ALTQ this way is also limiting my internal traffic (and thus interfering with my music streaming) since I am only using a single network interface. Can anyone show me how I would use PF and ALTQ to limit outgoing WAN traffic while allowing all internal LAN traffic to go through unhindered? ext_if="eth0" int_if="eth0" altq on eth0 cbq bandwidth 1Mb queue { std, ssh } queue std bandwidth 80% cbq(default) queue ssh bandwidth 20% cbq(ecn) pass out on eth0 proto tcp to port 22 queue ssh eth0 is my LAN interface, my total WAN bandwidth on my cable connection is 1Mb/s, and my internal network is 10/100.

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• How to elegantly selectively exclude FreeBSD network traffic from OpenVPN interface by port

  - by Polygonica

  inexperienced sysadmin here. I'm planning on running a net daemon inside a FreeBSD jail through OpenVPN, but want to be able to SSH directly into the jail and use the daemon's web interface daemon without going through the VPN. As I understand it, an OpenVPN tunnel is normally set up as a default virtual internet interface, and so incoming traffic will go out on the OpenVPN interface by default (which is problematic, as this incurs latency). I thought "well, obviously, since all of this traffic is leaving on a handful of ports, I'll just redirect those to the non-VPN gateway." I've tried to look for solutions, but almost all of them involve iptables instead of ipfw (which is default for FreeBSD) and solve slightly different problems. And alternate solutions like using multiple default routes to ensure that incoming traffic on any interface is always sent out on the same interface seem far-reaching and require deep knowledge of all tools involved. Is there an elegant way of ensuring that traffic leaving on specific ports exits on a specified non-default interface using ipfw?

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• Seeing traffic destined for other people's servers in wireshark

  - by user350325

  I rent a dedicated server from a hosting provider. I ran wireshark on my server so that I could see incoming HTTP traffic that was destined to my server. Once I ran wireshark and filtered for HTTP I noticed a load of traffic, but most of it was not for stuff that was hosted on my server and had a destination IP address that was not mine, there were various source IP addresses. My immediate reaction was to think that somebody was tunnelling their HTTP traffic through my server somehow. However when I looked closer I noticed that all of this traffic was going to hosts on the same subnet and all of these IP addresses belonged to the same hosting provider that I was using. So it appears that wireshark was intercepting traffic destined for other customers who's servers are attached to the same part of the network as mine. Now I always assumed that on a switch based network that this should not happen as the switch will only send data to the required host and not to every box attached. I assume in this case that other customers would also be able to see data going to my server. As well as potential privacy concerns, this would surely make ARP poising easy and allow others to steal IP addresses (and therefor domains and websites)? It would seem odd that a network provider would configure the network in such a way. Is there a more rational explanation here?

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• IIRF - Redirecting all traffic to the http equivalent

  - by GordonB

  I'm using IIRF and having some trouble getting it to redirect all traffic to the secure version of my sites. So... I have a website with about 20 apps in virtual directories in IIS6. The website takes 80 and 443 traffic. I want to use IIRF to redirect all port 80 traffic EG; http://myserver/app1/page1/param1 http://myserver/app2/ http://myserver To the secure equivalent (https). Here's my config so far; # Iirf.ini # # ini file for IIRF # RewriteLogLevel 1 RewriteLog D:\Websites\Apptemetry\IirfLogs RewriteEngine ON StatusInquiry ON IterationLimit 5 RewriteLogLevel 3 RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} ^80$ RedirectRule ^http(.*)$ https$1 Can anyone advise the correct configuration to use, to redirect all traffic?

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• Multiple network cards, controlling where my traffic goes

  - by thefinn93

  This is an Ubuntu 12.04 server install. I have multiple network cards, eth0 and eth1 lets call them. eth0 is connected to the internet, and all of my traffic goes through it, until eth1 gets plugged in. Then the machine tries to send everything through eth1, which for various and sundry reasons does not go out to the Interent. The only traffic it doesn't send through eth1 is traffic on eth0's subnet. It also will not accept inbound connections on eth0 from outside of eth0's subnet. I'd like all outbound traffic to go out eth0, but I'd like incoming connections from to either card from any subnet to work.

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• Traffic going to wrong server

  - by markxi

  I'm in the process of migrating to a new server, but some traffic that should be going to old server is now coming to the new server before I am ready to migrate. My provider used an IP used as the secondary nameserver on the old server as the primary IP on the new server, so now my secondary nameserver is directing traffic to the new server. Is there a way to forward the traffic hitting the new IP back to the old IP while I wait for DNS to propagate? Server is Linux CENTOS 6.5 x86_64 w/ cPanel Thanks

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• Configure server on network to analyze traffic

  - by Strajan Sebastian

  I have the following network: http://i.stack.imgur.com/rapkH.jpg I want to send all the traffic from the devices that connect to the 192.168.0.1 router to the 192.168.10.1 router(and eventually to the Internet), by passing through the server and an additional router. Almost 2 days have passed and I can't figure what is wrong. While searching on the Internet for some similar configuration I found some articles that are somehow related to my needs, but the proposed solutions don't seem to work for me. This is a similar article: iptables forwarding between two interface I done the following steps for the configuration process: Set static IP address 192.168.1.90 for the eth0 on the server from the 192.168.1.1 router Set static IP address 192.168.0.90 for the eth1 on the server from the 192.168.0.1 router Forwarded all the traffic from 192.168.0.1 router to the server on eth1 interface witch seems to be working. The router firmware has some option to redirect all the traffic from all the ports to a specified address. Added the following rules on the server(Only the following, there aren't any additional rules): iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -m state -–state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT I also tried changing iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -m state -–state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT into iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT but still is not working. After adding the following to enable the packet forwarding for the server that is running CentOS: echo 1 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 After a server restart and extra an extra check to see that all the configuration from above are still available I tried to see again if I can ping from a computer connected to 192.168.0.1/24 LAN the router from 192.168.1.1 but it didn't worked. The server has tshark(console wireshark) installed and I found that while sending a ping from a computer connected to 192.168.0.1 router to 192.168.1.1 the 192.168.0.90(eth1) receives the ping but it doesn't forward it to the eth0 interface as the rule tells: iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT and don't now why this is happening. Questions: The iptables seem that don't work as I am expecting. Is there a need to add in the NAT table from iptables rules to redirect the traffic to the proper location, or is something else wrong with what I've done? I want to use tshark to view the traffic on the server because I think that is the best at doing this. Do you know something better that tshark to capture the traffic and maybe analyze it?

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• How to monitor traffic of ruby on rails website?

  - by Tony

  I have a ruby on rails application and it would be nice to see how many hits I get per hour. Is there some simple free software to do this or do I have to develop a custom solution? Thanks!

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• Best scaling methodologies for a highly traffic web application?

  - by tester2001

  We have a new project for a web app that will display banners ads on websites (as a network) and our estimate is for it to handle 20 to 40 billion impressions a month. Our current language is in ASP...but are moving to PHP. Does PHP 5 has its limit with scaling web application? Or, should I have our team invest in picking up JSP? Or, is it a matter of the app server and/or DB? We plan to use Oracle 10g as the database.

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• Upload Certificate and Key to RUEI in order to decrypt SSL traffic

  - by stefan.thieme(at)oracle.com

  So you want to monitor encrypted traffic with your RUEI collector ?Actually this is an easy thing if you follow the lines below...I will start out with creating a pair of snakeoil (so called self-signed) certificate and key with the make-ssl-cert tool which comes pre-packaged with apache only for the purpose of this example.$ sudo make-ssl-cert generate-default-snakeoil$ sudo ls -l /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     615 2010-06-07 10:03 /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem-rw-r----- 1 root ssl-cert 891 2010-06-07 10:03 /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.keyRUEI Configuration of Security SSL Keys You will most likely get these two files from your Certificate Authority (CA) and/or your system administrators should be able to extract this from your WebServer or LoadBalancer handling SSL encryption for your infrastructure.Now let's look at the content of these two files, the certificate (apache assumes this is in PEM format) is called a public key and the private key is used by the apache server to encrypt traffic for a client using the certificate to initiate the SSL connection with the server.In case you already know that these two match, you simply have to paste them in one text file and upload this text file to your RUEI instance.$ sudo cat /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key > /tmp/ruei.cert_and_key$ sudo cat /tmp/ruei.cert_and_key -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIBmTCCAQICCQD7O3XXwVilWzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADARMQ8wDQYDVQQDEwZ1 YnVudHUwHhcNMTAwNjA3MDgwMzUzWhcNMjAwNjA0MDgwMzUzWjARMQ8wDQYDVQQD EwZ1YnVudHUwgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBALbs+JnI+p+K7Iqa SQZdnYBxOpdRH0/9jt1QKvmH68v81h9+f1Z2rVR7Zrd/l+ruE3H9VvuzxMlKuMH7 qBX/gmjDZTlj9WJM+zc0tSk+e2udy9he20lGzTxv0vaykJkuKcvSWNk4WE9NuAdg IHZvjKgoTSVmvM1ApMCg69nyOy97AgMBAAEwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADgYEAk2rv VEkxR1qPSpJiudDuGUHtWKBKWiWbmSwI3REZT+0vG+YDG5a55NdxgRk3zhQntqF7 gNYjKxblBByBpY7W0ci00kf7kFgvXWMeU96NSQJdnid/YxzQYn0dGL2rSh1dwdPN NPQlNSfnEQ1yxFevR7aRdCqTbTXU3mxi8YaSscE= -----END CERTIFICATE----- -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- MIICXgIBAAKBgQC27PiZyPqfiuyKmkkGXZ2AcTqXUR9P/Y7dUCr5h+vL/NYffn9W dq1Ue2a3f5fq7hNx/Vb7s8TJSrjB+6gV/4Jow2U5Y/ViTPs3NLUpPntrncvYXttJ Rs08b9L2spCZLinL0ljZOFhPTbgHYCB2b4yoKE0lZrzNQKTAoOvZ8jsvewIDAQAB AoGBAJ7LCWeeUwnKNFqBYmD3RTFpmX4furnal3lBDX0945BZtJr0WZ/6N679zIYA aiVTdGfgjvDC9lHy3n3uctRd0Jqdh2QoSSxNBhq5elIApNIIYzu7w/XI/VhGcDlA b6uadURQEC2q+M8YYjw3mwR2omhCWlHIViOHe/9T8jfP/8pxAkEA7k39WRcQildH DFKcj7gurqlkElHysacMTFWf0ZDTEUS6bdkmNXwK6mH63BlmGLrYAP5AMgKgeDf8 D+WRfv8YKQJBAMSCQ7UGDN3ysyfIIrdc1RBEAk4BOrKHKtD5Ux0z5lcQkaCYrK8J DuSldreN2yOhS99/S4CRWmGkTj04wRSnjwMCQQCaR5mW3QzTU4/m1XEQxsBKSdZE 2hMSmsCmhuSyK13Kl0FPLr/C7qyuc4KSjksABa8kbXaoKfUz/6LLs+ePXZ2JAkAv +mIPk5+WnQgS4XFgdYDrzL8HTpOHPSs+BHG/goltnnT/0ebvgXWqa5+1pyPm6h29 PrYveM2pY1Va6z1xDowDAkEAttfzAwAHz+FUhWQCmOBpvBuW/KhYWKZTMpvxFMSY YD5PH6NNyLfBx0J4nGPN5n/f6il0s9pzt3ko++/eUtWSnQ== -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY----- Simply click on the add new key and browse for the cert_and_key file on your desktop which you concatenated earlier using any text editor. You may need to add a passphrase in order to decrypt the RSA key in some cases (it should tell you BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY in the header line). I will show you the success screen after uploading the certificate to RUEI. You may want to restart your collector once you have uploaded all the certificate/key pairs you want to use in order to make sure they get picked up asap.You should be able to see the number of SSL Connections rising in the Collector statistics screen below. The figures for decrypt errors should slowly go down and the usage figures for your encryption algortihm on the subsequent SSL Encryption screen should go up. You should be 100% sure everything works fine by now, otherwise see below to distinguish the remaining 1% from your 99% certainty.Verify Certificate and Key are matchingYou can compare the modulus of private key and public certificate and they should match in order for the key to fit the lock. You only want to make sure they both fit each other.We are actually interested only in the following details of the two files, which can be determined by using the -subject, -dates and -modulus command line switches instead of the complete -text output of the x509 certificate/rsa key contents.$ sudo openssl x509 -noout -subject -in /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pemsubject= /CN=ubuntu$ sudo openssl x509 -noout -dates -in /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pemnotBefore=Jun  7 08:03:53 2010 GMTnotAfter=Jun  4 08:03:53 2020 GMT$ sudo openssl x509 -noout -modulus -in /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem Modulus=B6ECF899C8FA9F8AEC8A9A49065D9D80713A97511F4FFD8EDD502AF987EBCBFCD61F7E7F5676AD547B66B77F97EAEE1371FD56FBB3C4C94AB8C1FBA815FF8268C3653963F5624CFB3734B5293E7B6B9DCBD85EDB4946CD3C6FD2F6B290992E29CBD258D938584F4DB8076020766F8CA8284D2566BCCD40A4C0A0EBD9F23B2F7B $ sudo openssl rsa -noout -modulus -in /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.keyModulus=B6ECF899C8FA9F8AEC8A9A49065D9D80713A97511F4FFD8EDD502AF987EBCBFCD61F7E7F5676AD547B66B77F97EAEE1371FD56FBB3C4C94AB8C1FBA815FF8268C3653963F5624CFB3734B5293E7B6B9DCBD85EDB4946CD3C6FD2F6B290992E29CBD258D938584F4DB8076020766F8CA8284D2566BCCD40A4C0A0EBD9F23B2F7BAs you can see the modulus matches exactly and we have the proof that the certificate has been created using the private key. OpenSSL Certificate and Key DetailsAs I already told you, you do not need all the greedy details, but in case you want to know it in depth what is actually in those hex-blocks can be made visible with the following commands which show you the actual content in a human readable format.Note: You may not want to post all the details of your private key =^) I told you I have been using a self-signed certificate only for showing you these details.$ sudo openssl rsa -noout -text -in /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.keyPrivate-Key: (1024 bit)modulus:    00:b6:ec:f8:99:c8:fa:9f:8a:ec:8a:9a:49:06:5d:    9d:80:71:3a:97:51:1f:4f:fd:8e:dd:50:2a:f9:87:    eb:cb:fc:d6:1f:7e:7f:56:76:ad:54:7b:66:b7:7f:    97:ea:ee:13:71:fd:56:fb:b3:c4:c9:4a:b8:c1:fb:    a8:15:ff:82:68:c3:65:39:63:f5:62:4c:fb:37:34:    b5:29:3e:7b:6b:9d:cb:d8:5e:db:49:46:cd:3c:6f:    d2:f6:b2:90:99:2e:29:cb:d2:58:d9:38:58:4f:4d:    b8:07:60:20:76:6f:8c:a8:28:4d:25:66:bc:cd:40:    a4:c0:a0:eb:d9:f2:3b:2f:7bpublicExponent: 65537 (0x10001)privateExponent:    00:9e:cb:09:67:9e:53:09:ca:34:5a:81:62:60:f7:    45:31:69:99:7e:1f:ba:b9:da:97:79:41:0d:7d:3d:    e3:90:59:b4:9a:f4:59:9f:fa:37:ae:fd:cc:86:00:    6a:25:53:74:67:e0:8e:f0:c2:f6:51:f2:de:7d:ee:    72:d4:5d:d0:9a:9d:87:64:28:49:2c:4d:06:1a:b9:    7a:52:00:a4:d2:08:63:3b:bb:c3:f5:c8:fd:58:46:    70:39:40:6f:ab:9a:75:44:50:10:2d:aa:f8:cf:18:    62:3c:37:9b:04:76:a2:68:42:5a:51:c8:56:23:87:    7b:ff:53:f2:37:cf:ff:ca:71prime1:    00:ee:4d:fd:59:17:10:8a:57:47:0c:52:9c:8f:b8:    2e:ae:a9:64:12:51:f2:b1:a7:0c:4c:55:9f:d1:90:    d3:11:44:ba:6d:d9:26:35:7c:0a:ea:61:fa:dc:19:    66:18:ba:d8:00:fe:40:32:02:a0:78:37:fc:0f:e5:    91:7e:ff:18:29prime2:    00:c4:82:43:b5:06:0c:dd:f2:b3:27:c8:22:b7:5c:    d5:10:44:02:4e:01:3a:b2:87:2a:d0:f9:53:1d:33:    e6:57:10:91:a0:98:ac:af:09:0e:e4:a5:76:b7:8d:    db:23:a1:4b:df:7f:4b:80:91:5a:61:a4:4e:3d:38:    c1:14:a7:8f:03exponent1:    00:9a:47:99:96:dd:0c:d3:53:8f:e6:d5:71:10:c6:    c0:4a:49:d6:44:da:13:12:9a:c0:a6:86:e4:b2:2b:    5d:ca:97:41:4f:2e:bf:c2:ee:ac:ae:73:82:92:8e:    4b:00:05:af:24:6d:76:a8:29:f5:33:ff:a2:cb:b3:    e7:8f:5d:9d:89exponent2:    2f:fa:62:0f:93:9f:96:9d:08:12:e1:71:60:75:80:    eb:cc:bf:07:4e:93:87:3d:2b:3e:04:71:bf:82:89:    6d:9e:74:ff:d1:e6:ef:81:75:aa:6b:9f:b5:a7:23:    e6:ea:1d:bd:3e:b6:2f:78:cd:a9:63:55:5a:eb:3d:    71:0e:8c:03coefficient:    00:b6:d7:f3:03:00:07:cf:e1:54:85:64:02:98:e0:    69:bc:1b:96:fc:a8:58:58:a6:53:32:9b:f1:14:c4:    98:60:3e:4f:1f:a3:4d:c8:b7:c1:c7:42:78:9c:63:    cd:e6:7f:df:ea:29:74:b3:da:73:b7:79:28:fb:ef:    de:52:d5:92:9d$ sudo openssl x509 -noout -text -in /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pemCertificate:    Data:        Version: 1 (0x0)        Serial Number:            fb:3b:75:d7:c1:58:a5:5b        Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption        Issuer: CN=ubuntu        Validity            Not Before: Jun  7 08:03:53 2010 GMT            Not After : Jun  4 08:03:53 2020 GMT        Subject: CN=ubuntu        Subject Public Key Info:            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption            RSA Public Key: (1024 bit)                Modulus (1024 bit):                    00:b6:ec:f8:99:c8:fa:9f:8a:ec:8a:9a:49:06:5d:                    9d:80:71:3a:97:51:1f:4f:fd:8e:dd:50:2a:f9:87:                    eb:cb:fc:d6:1f:7e:7f:56:76:ad:54:7b:66:b7:7f:                    97:ea:ee:13:71:fd:56:fb:b3:c4:c9:4a:b8:c1:fb:                    a8:15:ff:82:68:c3:65:39:63:f5:62:4c:fb:37:34:                    b5:29:3e:7b:6b:9d:cb:d8:5e:db:49:46:cd:3c:6f:                    d2:f6:b2:90:99:2e:29:cb:d2:58:d9:38:58:4f:4d:                    b8:07:60:20:76:6f:8c:a8:28:4d:25:66:bc:cd:40:                    a4:c0:a0:eb:d9:f2:3b:2f:7b                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption        93:6a:ef:54:49:31:47:5a:8f:4a:92:62:b9:d0:ee:19:41:ed:        58:a0:4a:5a:25:9b:99:2c:08:dd:11:19:4f:ed:2f:1b:e6:03:        1b:96:b9:e4:d7:71:81:19:37:ce:14:27:b6:a1:7b:80:d6:23:        2b:16:e5:04:1c:81:a5:8e:d6:d1:c8:b4:d2:47:fb:90:58:2f:        5d:63:1e:53:de:8d:49:02:5d:9e:27:7f:63:1c:d0:62:7d:1d:        18:bd:ab:4a:1d:5d:c1:d3:cd:34:f4:25:35:27:e7:11:0d:72:        c4:57:af:47:b6:91:74:2a:93:6d:35:d4:de:6c:62:f1:86:92:        b1:c1The above output can also be seen if you direct your browser client to your website and check the certificate sent by the server to your browser. You will be able to lookup all the details including the validity dates, subject common name and the public key modulus.Capture an SSL connection using WiresharkAnd as you would have expected, looking at the low-level tcp data that has been exchanged between the client and server with a tcp-diagnostics tool (i.e. wireshark/tcpdump) you can also see the modulus in there.These were the settings I used to capture all traffic on the local loopback interface, matching the filter expression: tcp and ip and host 127.0.0.1 and port 443. This tells Wireshark to leave out any other information, I may not have been interested in showing you.

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• Assignment to LAN queues (qWAN1 & qWAN2) from dual-WAN in pfSense

  - by Kurian

  I need help creating floating rules in pfSense for the following: I have two upper limited download queues qWAN1 and qWAN2 on my LAN interface. Each has its own qACK1, qDefault1 etc. How do I assign all unclassified traffic from WAN1 to LAN->qWAN1->qDefault1 and from WAN2 to LAN->qWAN2->qDefault2. qLink is the one and only default queue on LAN so that I get wire speed to the pfSense host from the LAN.

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• Server Configuration / Important Parameter for 500Req/Second

  - by Sparsh Gupta

  I am configuring a server to be used as nginx server for a very heavy traffic website. It is expected to receive traffic from a large number of IP addresses simultaneously. It is expected to get 500Req/Second with atleast 20Million unique IPs connecting it. One of the problems I noticed in my previos server was related to iptables / ipconntrack. I am not aware of this behaviour and would be glad to know which all parameters of a ubuntu / debian (32/64) bit machine should I tweek to get maximum performance from the server. I can put in a lot of RAM on the server but mission critical task is the response times. We ideally dont want any connection to be hanging / timing out / waiting and want as low as possible overall response times. P.S. We are also looking for a kick ass freelancer system admin who can help us figuring / setting this all up. Reach me incase you have some spare time and interested in working on some very heavy traffic website servers.

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• Calculate data transferred in a local LAN

  - by ramdaz

  How do you calculate the data flown between a computer and the gateway computer. I have a Linux router/gateway running IP Tables which routes internet traffic in a LAN. I have individual users with IP/MAC Address mapped who access Interet through the gateway computer. I would like to find out the traffic utilized by individual users. Is it possible for us to find out what kind of traffic was HTTP, SMTP, FTP etc. Is it also possible to pool the information on hourly basis, and get specific info so that I can store information in a database? I have heard of IP Accounting? Is that the right way

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• How to temporarily disable SonicWall from connecting to the internet?

  - by Jerry Dodge

  I have been doing some extensive seeking in our SonicWall TZ-215 for the source(s) of unnecessary internet traffic, as we have issues with excessive traffic. As part of my research, I need to watch the Connections Monitor, which lists me all the current connections. This list becomes quite long, with 40+ devices on the network, it's tough to pinpoint the main causes. What I would like to do is disable the SonicWall its self from letting its internal components from connecting to anything. Is there any type of trick I can do in the Firewall which can prevent the router system from connecting to anything, to clean up the connections monitor and allow only suspicious traffic?

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