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• GDI+ crashes when loading PNG from IStream

  - by konforce

  I wrote something to load PNG files from a custom C++ IStream via GDI+. It worked great until I ran it on Vista machines. Crashes every time. When compiled on VS 2008, I found that inserting code into the IStream::AddRef method, such as a cout, made the problem go away. When compiling with VS 2010, it still crashes regardless of that. I stripped the program down to its basics. I copied a FileStream straight from Microsoft's documentation. It can load PNGs when using Bitmap::FromFile. It can load JPEGs, GIFs, and BMPs via FromFile or FromStream. So in short: on Vista, PNG files loaded via Bitmap::FromStream crash. #pragma comment(lib, "gdiplus.lib") #include <iostream> #include <objidl.h> #include <gdiplus.h> class FileStream : public IStream { public: FileStream(HANDLE hFile) { _refcount = 1; _hFile = hFile; } ~FileStream() { if (_hFile != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { ::CloseHandle(_hFile); } } public: HRESULT static OpenFile(LPCWSTR pName, IStream ** ppStream, bool fWrite) { HANDLE hFile = ::CreateFileW(pName, fWrite ? GENERIC_WRITE : GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, fWrite ? CREATE_ALWAYS : OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL); if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()); *ppStream = new FileStream(hFile); if(*ppStream == NULL) CloseHandle(hFile); return S_OK; } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID iid, void ** ppvObject) { if (iid == __uuidof(IUnknown) || iid == __uuidof(IStream) || iid == __uuidof(ISequentialStream)) { *ppvObject = static_cast<IStream*>(this); AddRef(); return S_OK; } else return E_NOINTERFACE; } virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef(void) { return (ULONG)InterlockedIncrement(&_refcount); } virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release(void) { ULONG res = (ULONG) InterlockedDecrement(&_refcount); if (res == 0) delete this; return res; } // ISequentialStream Interface public: virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Read(void* pv, ULONG cb, ULONG* pcbRead) { ULONG local_pcbRead; BOOL rc = ReadFile(_hFile, pv, cb, &local_pcbRead, NULL); if (pcbRead) *pcbRead = local_pcbRead; return (rc) ? S_OK : HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()); } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Write(void const* pv, ULONG cb, ULONG* pcbWritten) { BOOL rc = WriteFile(_hFile, pv, cb, pcbWritten, NULL); return rc ? S_OK : HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()); } // IStream Interface public: virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetSize(ULARGE_INTEGER) { return E_NOTIMPL; } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CopyTo(IStream*, ULARGE_INTEGER, ULARGE_INTEGER*, ULARGE_INTEGER*) { return E_NOTIMPL; } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Commit(DWORD) { return E_NOTIMPL; } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Revert(void) { return E_NOTIMPL; } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE LockRegion(ULARGE_INTEGER, ULARGE_INTEGER, DWORD) { return E_NOTIMPL; } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE UnlockRegion(ULARGE_INTEGER, ULARGE_INTEGER, DWORD) { return E_NOTIMPL; } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Clone(IStream **) { return E_NOTIMPL; } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Seek(LARGE_INTEGER liDistanceToMove, DWORD dwOrigin, ULARGE_INTEGER* lpNewFilePointer) { DWORD dwMoveMethod; switch(dwOrigin) { case STREAM_SEEK_SET: dwMoveMethod = FILE_BEGIN; break; case STREAM_SEEK_CUR: dwMoveMethod = FILE_CURRENT; break; case STREAM_SEEK_END: dwMoveMethod = FILE_END; break; default: return STG_E_INVALIDFUNCTION; break; } if (SetFilePointerEx(_hFile, liDistanceToMove, (PLARGE_INTEGER) lpNewFilePointer, dwMoveMethod) == 0) return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()); return S_OK; } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Stat(STATSTG* pStatstg, DWORD grfStatFlag) { if (GetFileSizeEx(_hFile, (PLARGE_INTEGER) &pStatstg->cbSize) == 0) return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()); return S_OK; } private: volatile HANDLE _hFile; volatile LONG _refcount; }; #define USE_STREAM int main() { Gdiplus::GdiplusStartupInput gdiplusStartupInput; ULONG_PTR gdiplusToken; Gdiplus::GdiplusStartup(&gdiplusToken, &gdiplusStartupInput, NULL); Gdiplus::Bitmap *bmp; #ifndef USE_STREAM bmp = Gdiplus::Bitmap::FromFile(L"test.png", false); if (!bmp) { std::cerr << " Unable to open image file." << std::endl; return 1; } #else IStream *s; if (FileStream::OpenFile(L"test.png", &s, false) != S_OK) { std::cerr << "Unable to open image file." << std::endl; return 1; } bmp = Gdiplus::Bitmap::FromStream(s, false); #endif std::cout << "Image is " << bmp->GetWidth() << " by " << bmp->GetHeight() << std::endl; Gdiplus::GdiplusShutdown(gdiplusToken); #ifdef USE_STREAM s->Release(); #endif return 0; } Tracing and debugging, shows that it does make some calls to the IStream class. It crashes inside of lastResult = DllExports::GdipCreateBitmapFromStream(stream, &bitmap); from GdiPlusBitmap.h, which is a static inline wrapper over the flat API. Other than the reference counting, the only IStream methods it calls is stat (for file size), read, and seek. Call stack looks like: ntdll.dll!_DbgBreakPoint@0() + 0x1 bytes ntdll.dll!_RtlpBreakPointHeap@4() + 0x28 bytes ntdll.dll!_RtlpValidateHeapEntry@12() + 0x70a3c bytes ntdll.dll!_RtlDebugFreeHeap@12() + 0x9a bytes ntdll.dll!@RtlpFreeHeap@16() + 0x13cdd bytes ntdll.dll!_RtlFreeHeap@12() + 0x2e49 bytes kernel32.dll!_HeapFree@12() + 0x14 bytes ole32.dll!CRetailMalloc_Free() + 0x1c bytes ole32.dll!_CoTaskMemFree@4() + 0x13 bytes GdiPlus.dll!GpPngDecoder::GetImageInfo() + 0x68 bytes GdiPlus.dll!GpDecodedImage::InternalGetImageInfo() + 0x3c bytes GdiPlus.dll!GpDecodedImage::GetImageInfo() + 0x18 bytes GdiPlus.dll!CopyOnWriteBitmap::CopyOnWriteBitmap() + 0x49 bytes GdiPlus.dll!CopyOnWriteBitmap::Create() + 0x1d bytes GdiPlus.dll!GpBitmap::GpBitmap() + 0x2c bytes I was unable to find anybody else with the same problem, so I assume there's something wrong with my implementation...

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• Why can't I assign a scalar value to a class using shorthand, but instead declare it first, then set

  - by ~delan-azabani

  I am writing a UTF-8 library for C++ as an exercise as this is my first real-world C++ code. So far, I've implemented concatenation, character indexing, parsing and encoding UTF-8 in a class called "ustring". It looks like it's working, but two (seemingly equivalent) ways of declaring a new ustring behave differently. The first way: ustring a; a = "test"; works, and the overloaded "=" operator parses the string into the class (which stores the Unicode strings as an dynamically allocated int pointer). However, the following does not work: ustring a = "test"; because I get the following error: test.cpp:4: error: conversion from ‘const char [5]’ to non-scalar type ‘ustring’ requested Is there a way to workaround this error? It probably is a problem with my code, though. The following is what I've written so far for the library: #include <cstdlib> #include <cstring> class ustring { int * values; long len; public: long length() { return len; } ustring * operator=(ustring input) { len = input.len; values = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * len); for (long i = 0; i < len; i++) values[i] = input.values[i]; return this; } ustring * operator=(char input[]) { len = sizeof(input); values = (int *) malloc(0); long s = 0; // s = number of parsed chars int a, b, c, d, contNeed = 0, cont = 0; for (long i = 0; i < sizeof(input); i++) if (input[i] < 0x80) { // ASCII, direct copy (00-7f) values = (int *) realloc(values, sizeof(int) * ++s); values[s - 1] = input[i]; } else if (input[i] < 0xc0) { // this is a continuation (80-bf) if (cont == contNeed) { // no need for continuation, use U+fffd values = (int *) realloc(values, sizeof(int) * ++s); values[s - 1] = 0xfffd; } cont = cont + 1; values[s - 1] = values[s - 1] | ((input[i] & 0x3f) << ((contNeed - cont) * 6)); if (cont == contNeed) cont = contNeed = 0; } else if (input[i] < 0xc2) { // invalid byte, use U+fffd (c0-c1) values = (int *) realloc(values, sizeof(int) * ++s); values[s - 1] = 0xfffd; } else if (input[i] < 0xe0) { // start of 2-byte sequence (c2-df) contNeed = 1; values = (int *) realloc(values, sizeof(int) * ++s); values[s - 1] = (input[i] & 0x1f) << 6; } else if (input[i] < 0xf0) { // start of 3-byte sequence (e0-ef) contNeed = 2; values = (int *) realloc(values, sizeof(int) * ++s); values[s - 1] = (input[i] & 0x0f) << 12; } else if (input[i] < 0xf5) { // start of 4-byte sequence (f0-f4) contNeed = 3; values = (int *) realloc(values, sizeof(int) * ++s); values[s - 1] = (input[i] & 0x07) << 18; } else { // restricted or invalid (f5-ff) values = (int *) realloc(values, sizeof(int) * ++s); values[s - 1] = 0xfffd; } return this; } ustring operator+(ustring input) { ustring result; result.len = len + input.len; result.values = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * result.len); for (long i = 0; i < len; i++) result.values[i] = values[i]; for (long i = 0; i < input.len; i++) result.values[i + len] = input.values[i]; return result; } ustring operator[](long index) { ustring result; result.len = 1; result.values = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int)); result.values[0] = values[index]; return result; } char * encode() { char * r = (char *) malloc(0); long s = 0; for (long i = 0; i < len; i++) { if (values[i] < 0x80) r = (char *) realloc(r, s + 1), r[s + 0] = char(values[i]), s += 1; else if (values[i] < 0x800) r = (char *) realloc(r, s + 2), r[s + 0] = char(values[i] >> 6 | 0x60), r[s + 1] = char(values[i] & 0x3f | 0x80), s += 2; else if (values[i] < 0x10000) r = (char *) realloc(r, s + 3), r[s + 0] = char(values[i] >> 12 | 0xe0), r[s + 1] = char(values[i] >> 6 & 0x3f | 0x80), r[s + 2] = char(values[i] & 0x3f | 0x80), s += 3; else r = (char *) realloc(r, s + 4), r[s + 0] = char(values[i] >> 18 | 0xf0), r[s + 1] = char(values[i] >> 12 & 0x3f | 0x80), r[s + 2] = char(values[i] >> 6 & 0x3f | 0x80), r[s + 3] = char(values[i] & 0x3f | 0x80), s += 4; } return r; } };

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• Reading a child process's /proc/pid/mem file from the parent

  - by Amittai Aviram

  In the program below, I am trying to cause the following to happen: Process A assigns a value to a stack variable a. Process A (parent) creates process B (child) with PID child_pid. Process B calls function func1, passing a pointer to a. Process B changes the value of variable a through the pointer. Process B opens its /proc/self/mem file, seeks to the page containing a, and prints the new value of a. Process A (at the same time) opens /proc/child_pid/mem, seeks to the right page, and prints the new value of a. The problem is that, in step 6, the parent only sees the old value of a in /proc/child_pid/mem, while the child can indeed see the new value in its /proc/self/mem. Why is this the case? Is there any way that I can get the parent to to see the child's changes to its address space through the /proc filesystem? #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <unistd.h> #define PAGE_SIZE 0x1000 #define LOG_PAGE_SIZE 0xc #define PAGE_ROUND_DOWN(v) ((v) & (~(PAGE_SIZE - 1))) #define PAGE_ROUND_UP(v) (((v) + PAGE_SIZE - 1) & (~(PAGE_SIZE - 1))) #define OFFSET_IN_PAGE(v) ((v) & (PAGE_SIZE - 1)) # if defined ARCH && ARCH == 32 #define BP "ebp" #define SP "esp" #else #define BP "rbp" #define SP "rsp" #endif typedef struct arg_t { int a; } arg_t; void func1(void * data) { arg_t * arg_ptr = (arg_t *)data; printf("func1: old value: %d\n", arg_ptr->a); arg_ptr->a = 53; printf("func1: address: %p\n", &arg_ptr->a); printf("func1: new value: %d\n", arg_ptr->a); } void expore_proc_mem(void (*fn)(void *), void * data) { off_t frame_pointer, stack_start; char buffer[PAGE_SIZE]; const char * path = "/proc/self/mem"; int child_pid, status; int parent_to_child[2]; int child_to_parent[2]; arg_t * arg_ptr; off_t child_offset; asm volatile ("mov %%"BP", %0" : "=m" (frame_pointer)); stack_start = PAGE_ROUND_DOWN(frame_pointer); printf("Stack_start: %lx\n", (unsigned long)stack_start); arg_ptr = (arg_t *)data; child_offset = OFFSET_IN_PAGE((off_t)&arg_ptr->a); printf("Address of arg_ptr->a: %p\n", &arg_ptr->a); pipe(parent_to_child); pipe(child_to_parent); bool msg; int child_mem_fd; char child_path[0x20]; child_pid = fork(); if (child_pid == -1) { perror("fork"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (!child_pid) { close(child_to_parent[0]); close(parent_to_child[1]); printf("CHILD (pid %d, parent pid %d).\n", getpid(), getppid()); fn(data); msg = true; write(child_to_parent[1], &msg, 1); child_mem_fd = open("/proc/self/mem", O_RDONLY); if (child_mem_fd == -1) { perror("open (child)"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("CHILD: child_mem_fd: %d\n", child_mem_fd); if (lseek(child_mem_fd, stack_start, SEEK_SET) == (off_t)-1) { perror("lseek"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (read(child_mem_fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) != sizeof(buffer)) { perror("read"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("CHILD: new value %d\n", *(int *)(buffer + child_offset)); read(parent_to_child[0], &msg, 1); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } else { printf("PARENT (pid %d, child pid %d)\n", getpid(), child_pid); printf("PARENT: child_offset: %lx\n", child_offset); read(child_to_parent[0], &msg, 1); printf("PARENT: message from child: %d\n", msg); snprintf(child_path, 0x20, "/proc/%d/mem", child_pid); printf("PARENT: child_path: %s\n", child_path); child_mem_fd = open(path, O_RDONLY); if (child_mem_fd == -1) { perror("open (child)"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("PARENT: child_mem_fd: %d\n", child_mem_fd); if (lseek(child_mem_fd, stack_start, SEEK_SET) == (off_t)-1) { perror("lseek"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (read(child_mem_fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) != sizeof(buffer)) { perror("read"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("PARENT: new value %d\n", *(int *)(buffer + child_offset)); close(child_mem_fd); printf("ENDING CHILD PROCESS.\n"); write(parent_to_child[1], &msg, 1); if (waitpid(child_pid, &status, 0) == -1) { perror("waitpid"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } } } int main(void) { arg_t arg; arg.a = 42; printf("In main: address of arg.a: %p\n", &arg.a); explore_proc_mem(&func1, &arg.a); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } This program produces the output below. Notice that the value of a (boldfaced) differs between parent's and child's reading of the /proc/child_pid/mem file. In main: address of arg.a: 0x7ffffe1964f0 Stack_start: 7ffffe196000 Address of arg_ptr-a: 0x7ffffe1964f0 PARENT (pid 20376, child pid 20377) PARENT: child_offset: 4f0 CHILD (pid 20377, parent pid 20376). func1: old value: 42 func1: address: 0x7ffffe1964f0 func1: new value: 53 PARENT: message from child: 1 CHILD: child_mem_fd: 4 PARENT: child_path: /proc/20377/mem CHILD: new value 53 PARENT: child_mem_fd: 7 PARENT: new value 42 ENDING CHILD PROCESS.

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• .Net 3.5 Asynchronous Socket Server Performance Problem

  - by iBrAaAa

  I'm developing an Asynchronous Game Server using .Net Socket Asynchronous Model( BeginAccept/EndAccept...etc.) The problem I'm facing is described like that: When I have only one client connected, the server response time is very fast but once a second client connects, the server response time increases too much. I've measured the time from a client sends a message to the server until it gets the reply in both cases. I found that the average time in case of one client is about 17ms and in case of 2 clients about 280ms!!! What I really see is that: When 2 clients are connected and only one of them is moving(i.e. requesting service from the server) it is equivalently equal to the case when only one client is connected(i.e. fast response). However, when the 2 clients move at the same time(i.e. requests service from the server at the same time) their motion becomes very slow (as if the server replies each one of them in order i.e. not simultaneously). Basically, what I am doing is that: When a client requests a permission for motion from the server and the server grants him the request, the server then broadcasts the new position of the client to all the players. So if two clients are moving in the same time, the server is eventually trying to broadcast to both clients the new position of each of them at the same time. EX: Client1 asks to go to position (2,2) Client2 asks to go to position (5,5) Server sends to each of Client1 & Client2 the same two messages: message1: "Client1 at (2,2)" message2: "Client2 at (5,5)" I believe that the problem comes from the fact that Socket class is thread safe according MSDN documentation http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.net.sockets.socket.aspx. (NOT SURE THAT IT IS THE PROBLEM) Below is the code for the server: /// /// This class is responsible for handling packet receiving and sending /// public class NetworkManager { /// /// An integer to hold the server port number to be used for the connections. Its default value is 5000. /// private readonly int port = 5000; /// /// hashtable contain all the clients connected to the server. /// key: player Id /// value: socket /// private readonly Hashtable connectedClients = new Hashtable(); /// /// An event to hold the thread to wait for a new client /// private readonly ManualResetEvent resetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false); /// /// keeps track of the number of the connected clients /// private int clientCount; /// /// The socket of the server at which the clients connect /// private readonly Socket mainSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); /// /// The socket exception that informs that a client is disconnected /// private const int ClientDisconnectedErrorCode = 10054; /// /// The only instance of this class. /// private static readonly NetworkManager networkManagerInstance = new NetworkManager(); /// /// A delegate for the new client connected event. /// /// the sender object /// the event args public delegate void NewClientConnected(Object sender, SystemEventArgs e); /// /// A delegate for the position update message reception. /// /// the sender object /// the event args public delegate void PositionUpdateMessageRecieved(Object sender, PositionUpdateEventArgs e); /// /// The event which fires when a client sends a position message /// public PositionUpdateMessageRecieved PositionUpdateMessageEvent { get; set; } /// /// keeps track of the number of the connected clients /// public int ClientCount { get { return clientCount; } } /// /// A getter for this class instance. /// /// only instance. public static NetworkManager NetworkManagerInstance { get { return networkManagerInstance; } } private NetworkManager() {} /// Starts the game server and holds this thread alive /// public void StartServer() { //Bind the mainSocket to the server IP address and port mainSocket.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, port)); //The server starts to listen on the binded socket with max connection queue //1024 mainSocket.Listen(1024); //Start accepting clients asynchronously mainSocket.BeginAccept(OnClientConnected, null); //Wait until there is a client wants to connect resetEvent.WaitOne(); } /// /// Receives connections of new clients and fire the NewClientConnected event /// private void OnClientConnected(IAsyncResult asyncResult) { Interlocked.Increment(ref clientCount); ClientInfo newClient = new ClientInfo { WorkerSocket = mainSocket.EndAccept(asyncResult), PlayerId = clientCount }; //Add the new client to the hashtable and increment the number of clients connectedClients.Add(newClient.PlayerId, newClient); //fire the new client event informing that a new client is connected to the server if (NewClientEvent != null) { NewClientEvent(this, System.EventArgs.Empty); } newClient.WorkerSocket.BeginReceive(newClient.Buffer, 0, BasePacket.GetMaxPacketSize(), SocketFlags.None, new AsyncCallback(WaitForData), newClient); //Start accepting clients asynchronously again mainSocket.BeginAccept(OnClientConnected, null); } /// Waits for the upcoming messages from different clients and fires the proper event according to the packet type. /// /// private void WaitForData(IAsyncResult asyncResult) { ClientInfo sendingClient = null; try { //Take the client information from the asynchronous result resulting from the BeginReceive sendingClient = asyncResult.AsyncState as ClientInfo; // If client is disconnected, then throw a socket exception // with the correct error code. if (!IsConnected(sendingClient.WorkerSocket)) { throw new SocketException(ClientDisconnectedErrorCode); } //End the pending receive request sendingClient.WorkerSocket.EndReceive(asyncResult); //Fire the appropriate event FireMessageTypeEvent(sendingClient.ConvertBytesToPacket() as BasePacket); // Begin receiving data from this client sendingClient.WorkerSocket.BeginReceive(sendingClient.Buffer, 0, BasePacket.GetMaxPacketSize(), SocketFlags.None, new AsyncCallback(WaitForData), sendingClient); } catch (SocketException e) { if (e.ErrorCode == ClientDisconnectedErrorCode) { // Close the socket. if (sendingClient.WorkerSocket != null) { sendingClient.WorkerSocket.Close(); sendingClient.WorkerSocket = null; } // Remove it from the hash table. connectedClients.Remove(sendingClient.PlayerId); if (ClientDisconnectedEvent != null) { ClientDisconnectedEvent(this, new ClientDisconnectedEventArgs(sendingClient.PlayerId)); } } } catch (Exception e) { // Begin receiving data from this client sendingClient.WorkerSocket.BeginReceive(sendingClient.Buffer, 0, BasePacket.GetMaxPacketSize(), SocketFlags.None, new AsyncCallback(WaitForData), sendingClient); } } /// /// Broadcasts the input message to all the connected clients /// /// public void BroadcastMessage(BasePacket message) { byte[] bytes = message.ConvertToBytes(); foreach (ClientInfo client in connectedClients.Values) { client.WorkerSocket.BeginSend(bytes, 0, bytes.Length, SocketFlags.None, SendAsync, client); } } /// /// Sends the input message to the client specified by his ID. /// /// /// The message to be sent. /// The id of the client to receive the message. public void SendToClient(BasePacket message, int id) { byte[] bytes = message.ConvertToBytes(); (connectedClients[id] as ClientInfo).WorkerSocket.BeginSend(bytes, 0, bytes.Length, SocketFlags.None, SendAsync, connectedClients[id]); } private void SendAsync(IAsyncResult asyncResult) { ClientInfo currentClient = (ClientInfo)asyncResult.AsyncState; currentClient.WorkerSocket.EndSend(asyncResult); } /// Fires the event depending on the type of received packet /// /// The received packet. void FireMessageTypeEvent(BasePacket packet) { switch (packet.MessageType) { case MessageType.PositionUpdateMessage: if (PositionUpdateMessageEvent != null) { PositionUpdateMessageEvent(this, new PositionUpdateEventArgs(packet as PositionUpdatePacket)); } break; } } } The events fired are handled in a different class, here are the event handling code for the PositionUpdateMessage (Other handlers are irrelevant): private readonly Hashtable onlinePlayers = new Hashtable(); /// /// Constructor that creates a new instance of the GameController class. /// private GameController() { //Start the server server = new Thread(networkManager.StartServer); server.Start(); //Create an event handler for the NewClientEvent of networkManager networkManager.PositionUpdateMessageEvent += OnPositionUpdateMessageReceived; } /// /// this event handler is called when a client asks for movement. /// private void OnPositionUpdateMessageReceived(object sender, PositionUpdateEventArgs e) { Point currentLocation = ((PlayerData)onlinePlayers[e.PositionUpdatePacket.PlayerId]).Position; Point locationRequested = e.PositionUpdatePacket.Position; ((PlayerData)onlinePlayers[e.PositionUpdatePacket.PlayerId]).Position = locationRequested; // Broadcast the new position networkManager.BroadcastMessage(new PositionUpdatePacket { Position = locationRequested, PlayerId = e.PositionUpdatePacket.PlayerId }); }

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• C++ 2d Array Class Function Call Help

  - by johnny-conrad

  I hope this question takes a simple fix, and I am just missing something very small. I am in my second semester of C++ in college, and we are just getting into OOP. This is my first OOP program, and it is causing me a little problem. Here are the errors I am getting: Member function must be called or its address taken in function displayGrid(int,Cell ( *)[20]) Member function must be called or its address taken in function Turn(int,int,Cell ( *)[20]) Member function must be called or its address taken in function Turn(int,int,Cell ( *)[20]) Warning: Parameter 'grid' is never used in function displayGrid(int,Cell ( *)[20]) Here is all of my code. I am aware It is much more code than necessary, sorry if it makes it more difficult. I was worried that I might accidentally delete something. const int MAX=20; //Struct Cell holds player and their symbol. class Cell { private: int Player; char Symbol; public: Cell(void); void setPlayer(int); void setSymbol(char); int getPlayer(void); char getSymbol(void); }; Cell::Cell(void) { Symbol ='-'; } void Cell::setPlayer(int player_num) { Player = player_num; } void Cell::setSymbol(char rps) { Symbol = rps; } int Cell::getPlayer(void) { return Player; } char Cell::getSymbol(void) { return Symbol; } void Turn(int, int, Cell[MAX][MAX]); void displayGrid(int, Cell[MAX][MAX]); void main(void) { int size; cout << "How big would you like the grid to be: "; cin >> size; //Checks to see valid grid size while(size>MAX || size<3) { cout << "Grid size must between 20 and 3." << endl; cout << "Please re-enter the grid size: "; cin >> size; } int cnt=1; int full; Cell grid[MAX][MAX]; //I use full to detect when the game is over by squaring size. full = size*size; cout << "Starting a new game." << endl; //Exits loop when cnt reaches full. while(cnt<full+1) { displayGrid(size, grid); //calls function to display grid if(cnt%2==0) //if cnt is even then it's 2nd players turn cout << "Player 2's turn." << endl; else cout << "Player 1's turn" << endl; Turn(size, cnt, grid); //calls Turn do each players turn cnt++; } cout << endl; cout << "Board is full... Game Over" << endl; } void displayGrid(int size, Cell grid[MAX][MAX]) { cout << endl; cout << " "; for(int x=1; x<size+1; x++) // prints first row cout << setw(3) << x; // of numbers. cout << endl; //Nested-For prints the grid. for(int i=1; i<size+1; i++) { cout << setw(2) << i; for(int c=1; c<size+1; c++) { cout << setw(3) << grid[i][c].getSymbol; } cout << endl; } cout << endl; } void Turn(int size, int cnt, Cell grid[MAX][MAX]) { char temp; char choice; int row=0; int column=0; cout << "Enter the Row: "; cin >> row; cout << "Enter the Column: "; cin >> column; //puts what is in the current cell in "temp" temp = grid[row][column].getSymbol; //Checks to see if temp is occupied or not while(temp!='-') { cout << "Cell space is Occupied..." << endl; cout << "Enter the Row: "; cin >> row; cout << "Enter the Column: "; cin >> column; temp = grid[row][column].getSymbol; //exits loop when finally correct } if(cnt%2==0) //if cnt is even then its player 2's turn { cout << "Enter your Symbol R, P, or S (Capitals): "; cin >> choice; grid[row][column].setPlayer(1); in >> choice; } //officially sets choice to grid cell grid[row][column].setSymbol(choice); } else //if cnt is odd then its player 1's turn { cout << "Enter your Symbol r, p, or s (Lower-Case): "; cin >> choice; grid[row][column].setPlayer(2); //checks for valid input by user1 while(choice!= 'r' && choice!='p' && choice!='s') { cout << "Invalid Symbol... Please Re-Enter: "; cin >> choice; } //officially sets choice to grid cell. grid[row][column].setSymbol(choice); } cout << endl; } Thanks alot for your help!

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• how to pass an id number string to this class

  - by Phil

  I'm very much a vb person, but have had to use this id number class in c#. I got it from http://www.codingsanity.com/idnumber.htm : using System; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; namespace Utilities.SouthAfrica { /// <summary> /// Represents a South African Identity Number. /// valid number = 7707215230080 /// invalid test number = 1234567891234 /// /// </summary> [Serializable()] public class IdentityNumber { #region Enumerations /// <summary> /// Indicates a gender. /// </summary> public enum PersonGender { Female = 0, Male = 5 } public enum PersonCitizenship { SouthAfrican = 0, Foreign = 1 } #endregion #region Declarations static Regex _expression; Match _match; const string _IDExpression = @"(?<Year>[0-9][0-9])(?<Month>([0][1-9])|([1][0-2]))(?<Day>([0-2][0-9])|([3][0-1]))(?<Gender>[0-9])(?<Series>[0-9]{3})(?<Citizenship>[0-9])(?<Uniform>[0-9])(?<Control>[0-9])"; #endregion #region Constuctors /// <summary> /// Sets up the shared objects for ID validation. /// </summary> static IdentityNumber() { _expression = new Regex(_IDExpression, RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Singleline); } /// <summary> /// Creates the ID number from a string. /// </summary> /// <param name="IDNumber">The string ID number.</param> public IdentityNumber(string IDNumber) { _match = _expression.Match(IDNumber.Trim()); } #endregion #region Properties /// <summary> /// Indicates the date of birth encoded in the ID Number. /// </summary> /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">Thrown if the ID Number is not usable.</exception> public DateTime DateOfBirth { get { if(IsUsable == false) { throw new ArgumentException("ID Number is unusable!", "IDNumber"); } int year = int.Parse(_match.Groups["Year"].Value); // NOTE: Do not optimize by moving these to static, otherwise the calculation may be incorrect // over year changes, especially century changes. int currentCentury = int.Parse(DateTime.Now.Year.ToString().Substring(0, 2) + "00"); int lastCentury = currentCentury - 100; int currentYear = int.Parse(DateTime.Now.Year.ToString().Substring(2, 2)); // If the year is after or at the current YY, then add last century to it, otherwise add // this century. // TODO: YY -> YYYY logic needs thinking about if(year > currentYear) { year += lastCentury; } else { year += currentCentury; } return new DateTime(year, int.Parse(_match.Groups["Month"].Value), int.Parse(_match.Groups["Day"].Value)); } } /// <summary> /// Indicates the gender for the ID number. /// </summary> /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">Thrown if the ID Number is not usable.</exception> public PersonGender Gender { get { if(IsUsable == false) { throw new ArgumentException("ID Number is unusable!", "IDNumber"); } int gender = int.Parse(_match.Groups["Gender"].Value); if(gender < (int) PersonGender.Male) { return PersonGender.Female; } else { return PersonGender.Male; } } } /// <summary> /// Indicates the citizenship for the ID number. /// </summary> /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">Thrown if the ID Number is not usable.</exception> public PersonCitizenship Citizenship { get { if(IsUsable == false) { throw new ArgumentException("ID Number is unusable!", "IDNumber"); } return (PersonCitizenship) Enum.Parse(typeof(PersonCitizenship), _match.Groups["Citizenship"].Value); } } /// <summary> /// Indicates if the IDNumber is usable or not. /// </summary> public bool IsUsable { get { return _match.Success; } } /// <summary> /// Indicates if the IDNumber is valid or not. /// </summary> public bool IsValid { get { if(IsUsable == true) { // Calculate total A by adding the figures in the odd positions i.e. the first, third, fifth, // seventh, ninth and eleventh digits. int a = int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(0, 1)) + int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(2, 1)) + int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(4, 1)) + int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(6, 1)) + int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(8, 1)) + int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(10, 1)); // Calculate total B by taking the even figures of the number as a whole number, and then // multiplying that number by 2, and then add the individual figures together. int b = int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(1, 1) + _match.Value.Substring(3, 1) + _match.Value.Substring(5, 1) + _match.Value.Substring(7, 1) + _match.Value.Substring(9, 1) + _match.Value.Substring(11, 1)); b *= 2; string bString = b.ToString(); b = 0; for(int index = 0; index < bString.Length; index++) { b += int.Parse(bString.Substring(index, 1)); } // Calculate total C by adding total A to total B. int c = a + b; // The control-figure can now be determined by subtracting the ones in figure C from 10. string cString = c.ToString() ; cString = cString.Substring(cString.Length - 1, 1) ; int control = 0; // Where the total C is a multiple of 10, the control figure will be 0. if(cString != "0") { control = 10 - int.Parse(cString.Substring(cString.Length - 1, 1)); } if(_match.Groups["Control"].Value == control.ToString()) { return true; } } return false; } } #endregion } } Here is the code from my default.aspx.cs page: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using Utilities.Southafrica; <- this is the one i added to public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { var someNumber = new IdentityNumber("123456"); <- gives error } } Can someone please tell the syntax for how I pass an id number to the class? Thanks

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• Why does operator<< not work with something returned by operator-?

  - by Felix

  Here's a small test program I wrote: #include <iostream> using namespace std; class A { public: int val; A(int _val=0):val(_val) { } A operator+(A &a) { return A(val + a.val); } A operator-(A &a) { return A(val - a.val); } friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &, A &); }; ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, A &a) { out<<a.val; return out; } int main() { A a(3), b(4), c = b - a; cout<<c<<endl; // this works cout<<(b-a)<<endl; // this doesn't return 0; } I can't seem to get why the line marked "this works" works and the one marked "this doesn't" doesn't. When I try to compile the program with the cout<<(b-a); line, here's what I get: [felix@the-machine C]$ g++ test.cpp test.cpp: In function ‘int main()’: test.cpp:26:13: error: no match for ‘operator<<’ in ‘std::cout << b.A::operator-(((A&)(& a)))’ /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:108:7: note: candidates are: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& (*)(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type&)) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:117:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ios_type& (*)(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ios_type&)) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ios_type = std::basic_ios<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:127:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::ios_base& (*)(std::ios_base&)) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:165:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:169:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long unsigned int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:173:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(bool) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/bits/ostream.tcc:91:5: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(short int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:180:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(short unsigned int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/bits/ostream.tcc:105:5: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:191:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(unsigned int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:200:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long long int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:204:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long long unsigned int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:209:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(double) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:213:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(float) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:221:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long double) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:225:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(const void*) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/bits/ostream.tcc:119:5: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__streambuf_type*) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__streambuf_type = std::basic_streambuf<char>] test.cpp:18:11: note: std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, A&) [felix@the-machine C]$ Quite nasty.

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• Cumulative +1/-1 Cointoss crashes on 1000 iterations. Please advise; c++ boost random libraries

  - by user1731972

  following some former advice Multithreaded application, am I doing it right? I think I have a threadsafe number generator using boost, but my program crashes when I input 1000 iterations. The output .csv file when graphed looks right, but I'm not sure why it's crashing. It's using _beginthread, and everyone is telling me I should use the more (convoluted) _beingthreadex, which I'm not familiar with. If someone could recommend an example, I would greatly appreciate it. Also... someone pointed out I should be applying a second parameter to my _beginthread for the array counting start positions, but I have no idea how to pass more than one parameter, other than attempting to use a structure, and I've read structure's and _beginthread don't get along (although, I could just use the boost threads...) #include <process.h> #include <windows.h> #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <time.h> #include <random> #include <boost/random.hpp> //for srand48_r(time(NULL), &randBuffer); which doesn't work #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> //#include <thread> using namespace std; using namespace boost; using namespace boost::random; void myThread0 (void *dummy ); void myThread1 (void *dummy ); void myThread2 (void *dummy ); void myThread3 (void *dummy ); //for random seeds void initialize(); //from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7114043/random-number-generation-in-c11-how-to-generate-how-do-they-work uniform_int_distribution<> two(1,2); typedef std::mt19937 MyRNG; // the Mersenne Twister with a popular choice of parameters uint32_t seed_val; // populate somehow MyRNG rng1; // e.g. keep one global instance (per thread) MyRNG rng2; // e.g. keep one global instance (per thread) MyRNG rng3; // e.g. keep one global instance (per thread) MyRNG rng4; // e.g. keep one global instance (per thread) //only needed for shared variables //CRITICAL_SECTION cs1,cs2,cs3,cs4; // global int main() { ofstream myfile; myfile.open ("coinToss.csv"); int rNum; long numRuns; long count = 0; int divisor = 1; float fHolder = 0; long counter = 0; float percent = 0.0; //? //unsigned threadID; //HANDLE hThread; initialize(); HANDLE hThread[4]; const int size = 100000; int array[size]; printf ("Runs (uses multiple of 100,000) "); cin >> numRuns; for (int a = 0; a < numRuns; a++) { hThread[0] = (HANDLE)_beginthread( myThread0, 0, (void*)(array) ); hThread[1] = (HANDLE)_beginthread( myThread1, 0, (void*)(array) ); hThread[2] = (HANDLE)_beginthread( myThread2, 0, (void*)(array) ); hThread[3] = (HANDLE)_beginthread( myThread3, 0, (void*)(array) ); //waits for threads to finish before continuing WaitForMultipleObjects(4, hThread, TRUE, INFINITE); //closes handles I guess? CloseHandle( hThread[0] ); CloseHandle( hThread[1] ); CloseHandle( hThread[2] ); CloseHandle( hThread[3] ); //dump array into calculations //average array into fHolder //this could be split into threads as well for (int p = 0; p < size; p++) { counter += array[p] == 2 ? 1 : -1; //cout << array[p] << endl; //cout << counter << endl; } //this fHolder calculation didn't work //fHolder = counter / size; //so I had to use this cout << counter << endl; fHolder = counter; fHolder = fHolder / size; myfile << fHolder << endl; } } void initialize() { //seed value needs to be supplied //rng1.seed(seed_val*1); rng1.seed((unsigned int)time(NULL)); rng2.seed(((unsigned int)time(NULL))*2); rng3.seed(((unsigned int)time(NULL))*3); rng4.seed(((unsigned int)time(NULL))*4); }; void myThread0 (void *param) { //EnterCriticalSection(&cs1); //aquire the critical section object int *i = (int *)param; for (int x = 0; x < 25000; x++) { //doesn't work, part of merssene twister //i[x] = next(); i[x] = two(rng1); //original srand //i[x] = rand() % 2 + 1; //doesn't work for some reason. //uint_dist2(rng); //i[x] = qrand() % 2 + 1; //cout << i[x] << endl; } //LeaveCriticalSection(&cs1); // release the critical section object } void myThread1 (void *param) { //EnterCriticalSection(&cs2); //aquire the critical section object int *i = (int *)param; for (int x = 25000; x < 50000; x++) { //param[x] = rand() % 2 + 1; i[x] = two(rng2); //i[x] = rand() % 2 + 1; //cout << i[x] << endl; } //LeaveCriticalSection(&cs2); // release the critical section object } void myThread2 (void *param) { //EnterCriticalSection(&cs3); //aquire the critical section object int *i = (int *)param; for (int x = 50000; x < 75000; x++) { i[x] = two(rng3); //i[x] = rand() % 2 + 1; //cout << i[x] << endl; } //LeaveCriticalSection(&cs3); // release the critical section object } void myThread3 (void *param) { //EnterCriticalSection(&cs4); //aquire the critical section object int *i = (int *)param; for (int x = 75000; x < 100000; x++) { i[x] = two(rng4); //i[x] = rand() % 2 + 1; //cout << i[x] << endl; } //LeaveCriticalSection(&cs4); // release the critical section object }

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• how to pass an id number string to this class (asp.net, c#)

  - by Phil

  I'm very much a vb person, but have had to use this id number class in c#. I got it from http://www.codingsanity.com/idnumber.htm : using System; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; namespace Utilities.SouthAfrica { /// <summary> /// Represents a South African Identity Number. /// valid number = 7707215230080 /// invalid test number = 1234567891234 /// /// </summary> [Serializable()] public class IdentityNumber { #region Enumerations /// <summary> /// Indicates a gender. /// </summary> public enum PersonGender { Female = 0, Male = 5 } public enum PersonCitizenship { SouthAfrican = 0, Foreign = 1 } #endregion #region Declarations static Regex _expression; Match _match; const string _IDExpression = @"(?<Year>[0-9][0-9])(?<Month>([0][1-9])|([1][0-2]))(?<Day>([0-2][0-9])|([3][0-1]))(?<Gender>[0-9])(?<Series>[0-9]{3})(?<Citizenship>[0-9])(?<Uniform>[0-9])(?<Control>[0-9])"; #endregion #region Constuctors /// <summary> /// Sets up the shared objects for ID validation. /// </summary> static IdentityNumber() { _expression = new Regex(_IDExpression, RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Singleline); } /// <summary> /// Creates the ID number from a string. /// </summary> /// <param name="IDNumber">The string ID number.</param> public IdentityNumber(string IDNumber) { _match = _expression.Match(IDNumber.Trim()); } #endregion #region Properties /// <summary> /// Indicates the date of birth encoded in the ID Number. /// </summary> /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">Thrown if the ID Number is not usable.</exception> public DateTime DateOfBirth { get { if(IsUsable == false) { throw new ArgumentException("ID Number is unusable!", "IDNumber"); } int year = int.Parse(_match.Groups["Year"].Value); // NOTE: Do not optimize by moving these to static, otherwise the calculation may be incorrect // over year changes, especially century changes. int currentCentury = int.Parse(DateTime.Now.Year.ToString().Substring(0, 2) + "00"); int lastCentury = currentCentury - 100; int currentYear = int.Parse(DateTime.Now.Year.ToString().Substring(2, 2)); // If the year is after or at the current YY, then add last century to it, otherwise add // this century. // TODO: YY -> YYYY logic needs thinking about if(year > currentYear) { year += lastCentury; } else { year += currentCentury; } return new DateTime(year, int.Parse(_match.Groups["Month"].Value), int.Parse(_match.Groups["Day"].Value)); } } /// <summary> /// Indicates the gender for the ID number. /// </summary> /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">Thrown if the ID Number is not usable.</exception> public PersonGender Gender { get { if(IsUsable == false) { throw new ArgumentException("ID Number is unusable!", "IDNumber"); } int gender = int.Parse(_match.Groups["Gender"].Value); if(gender < (int) PersonGender.Male) { return PersonGender.Female; } else { return PersonGender.Male; } } } /// <summary> /// Indicates the citizenship for the ID number. /// </summary> /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">Thrown if the ID Number is not usable.</exception> public PersonCitizenship Citizenship { get { if(IsUsable == false) { throw new ArgumentException("ID Number is unusable!", "IDNumber"); } return (PersonCitizenship) Enum.Parse(typeof(PersonCitizenship), _match.Groups["Citizenship"].Value); } } /// <summary> /// Indicates if the IDNumber is usable or not. /// </summary> public bool IsUsable { get { return _match.Success; } } /// <summary> /// Indicates if the IDNumber is valid or not. /// </summary> public bool IsValid { get { if(IsUsable == true) { // Calculate total A by adding the figures in the odd positions i.e. the first, third, fifth, // seventh, ninth and eleventh digits. int a = int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(0, 1)) + int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(2, 1)) + int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(4, 1)) + int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(6, 1)) + int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(8, 1)) + int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(10, 1)); // Calculate total B by taking the even figures of the number as a whole number, and then // multiplying that number by 2, and then add the individual figures together. int b = int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(1, 1) + _match.Value.Substring(3, 1) + _match.Value.Substring(5, 1) + _match.Value.Substring(7, 1) + _match.Value.Substring(9, 1) + _match.Value.Substring(11, 1)); b *= 2; string bString = b.ToString(); b = 0; for(int index = 0; index < bString.Length; index++) { b += int.Parse(bString.Substring(index, 1)); } // Calculate total C by adding total A to total B. int c = a + b; // The control-figure can now be determined by subtracting the ones in figure C from 10. string cString = c.ToString() ; cString = cString.Substring(cString.Length - 1, 1) ; int control = 0; // Where the total C is a multiple of 10, the control figure will be 0. if(cString != "0") { control = 10 - int.Parse(cString.Substring(cString.Length - 1, 1)); } if(_match.Groups["Control"].Value == control.ToString()) { return true; } } return false; } } #endregion } } Can someone please tell the syntax for how I pass an id number to the class? Thanks

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• Visual Studio C++ list iterator not decementable

  - by user69514

  I keep getting an error on visual studio that says list iterator not decrementable: line 256 My program works fine on Linux, but visual studio compiler throws this error. Dammit this is why I hate windows. Why can't the world run on Linux? Anyway, do you see what my problem is? #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <sstream> #include <list> using namespace std; int main(){ /** create the list **/ list<int> l; /** create input stream to read file **/ ifstream inputstream("numbers.txt"); /** read the numbers and add them to list **/ if( inputstream.is_open() ){ string line; istringstream instream; while( getline(inputstream, line) ){ instream.clear(); instream.str(line); /** get he five int's **/ int one, two, three, four, five; instream >> one >> two >> three >> four >> five; /** add them to the list **/ l.push_back(one); l.push_back(two); l.push_back(three); l.push_back(four); l.push_back(five); }//end while loop }//end if /** close the stream **/ inputstream.close(); /** display the list **/ cout << "List Read:" << endl; list<int>::iterator i; for( i=l.begin(); i != l.end(); ++i){ cout << *i << " "; } cout << endl << endl; /** now sort the list **/ l.sort(); /** display the list **/ cout << "Sorted List (head to tail):" << endl; for( i=l.begin(); i != l.end(); ++i){ cout << *i << " "; } cout << endl; list<int> lReversed; for(i=l.begin(); i != l.end(); ++i){ lReversed.push_front(*i); } cout << "Sorted List (tail to head):" << endl; for(i=lReversed.begin(); i!=lReversed.end(); ++i){ cout << *i << " "; } cout << endl << endl; /** remove first biggest element and display **/ l.pop_back(); cout << "List after removing first biggest element:" << endl; cout << "Sorted List (head to tail):" << endl; for( i=l.begin(); i != l.end(); ++i){ cout << *i << " "; } cout << endl; cout << "Sorted List (tail to head):" << endl; lReversed.pop_front(); for(i=lReversed.begin(); i!=lReversed.end(); ++i){ cout << *i << " "; } cout << endl << endl; /** remove second biggest element and display **/ l.pop_back(); cout << "List after removing second biggest element:" << endl; cout << "Sorted List (head to tail):" << endl; for( i=l.begin(); i != l.end(); ++i){ cout << *i << " "; } cout << endl; lReversed.pop_front(); cout << "Sorted List (tail to head):" << endl; for(i=lReversed.begin(); i!=lReversed.end(); ++i){ cout << *i << " "; } cout << endl << endl; /** remove third biggest element and display **/ l.pop_back(); cout << "List after removing third biggest element:" << endl; cout << "Sorted List (head to tail):" << endl; for( i=l.begin(); i != l.end(); ++i){ cout << *i << " "; } cout << endl; cout << "Sorted List (tail to head):" << endl; lReversed.pop_front(); for(i=lReversed.begin(); i!=lReversed.end(); ++i){ cout << *i << " "; } cout << endl << endl; /** create frequency table **/ const int biggest = 1000; //create array size of biggest element int arr[biggest]; //set everything to zero for(int j=0; j<biggest+1; j++){ arr[j] = 0; } //now update number of occurences for( i=l.begin(); i != l.end(); i++){ arr[*i]++; } //now print the frequency table. only print where occurences greater than zero cout << "Final list frequency table: " << endl; for(int j=0; j<biggest+1; j++){ if( arr[j] > 0 ){ cout << j << ": " << arr[j] << " occurences" << endl; } } return 0; }//end main

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• Probelm with String.split() in java

  - by Matt

  What I am trying to do is read a .java file, and pick out all of the identifiers and store them in a list. My problem is with the .split() method. If you run this code the way it is, you will get ArrayOutOfBounds, but if you change the delimiter from "." to anything else, the code works. But I need to lines parsed by "." so is there another way I could accomplish this? import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.*; public class MyHash { private static String[] reserved = new String[100]; private static List list = new LinkedList(); private static List list2 = new LinkedList(); public static void main (String args[]){ Hashtable hashtable = new Hashtable(997); makeReserved(); readFile(); String line; ListIterator itr = list.listIterator(); int listIndex = 0; while (listIndex < list.size()) { if (itr.hasNext()){ line = itr.next().toString(); //PROBLEM IS HERE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! String[] words = line.split("."); //CHANGE THIS AND IT WILL WORK System.out.println(words[0]); //TESTING TO SEE IF IT WORKED } listIndex++; } } public static void readFile() { String text; String[] words; BufferedReader in = null; try { in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("MyHash.java")); //NAME OF INPUT FILE } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) { Logger.getLogger(MyHash.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } try { while ((text = in.readLine()) != null){ text = text.trim(); words = text.split("\\s+"); for (int i = 0; i < words.length; i++){ list.add(words[i]); } for (int j = 0; j < reserved.length; j++){ if (list.contains(reserved[j])){ list.remove(reserved[j]); } } } } catch (IOException ex) { Logger.getLogger(MyHash.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } try { in.close(); } catch (IOException ex) { Logger.getLogger(MyHash.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } } public static int keyIt (int x) { int key = x % 997; return key; } public static int horner (String word){ int length = word.length(); char[] letters = new char[length]; for (int i = 0; i < length; i++){ letters[i]=word.charAt(i); } char[] alphabet = new char[26]; String abc = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++){ alphabet[i]=abc.charAt(i); } int[] numbers = new int[length]; int place = 0; for (int i = 0; i < length; i++){ for (int j = 0; j < 26; j++){ if (alphabet[j]==letters[i]){ numbers[place]=j+1; place++; } } } int hornered = numbers[0] * 32; for (int i = 1; i < numbers.length; i++){ hornered += numbers[i]; if (i == numbers.length -1){ return hornered; } hornered = hornered % 997; hornered *= 32; } return hornered; } public static String[] makeReserved (){ reserved[0] = "abstract"; reserved[1] = "assert"; reserved[2] = "boolean"; reserved[3] = "break"; reserved[4] = "byte"; reserved[5] = "case"; reserved[6] = "catch"; reserved[7] = "char"; reserved[8] = "class"; reserved[9] = "const"; reserved[10] = "continue"; reserved[11] = "default"; reserved[12] = "do"; reserved[13] = "double"; reserved[14] = "else"; reserved[15] = "enum"; reserved[16] = "extends"; reserved[17] = "false"; reserved[18] = "final"; reserved[19] = "finally"; reserved[20] = "float"; reserved[21] = "for"; reserved[22] = "goto"; reserved[23] = "if"; reserved[24] = "implements"; reserved[25] = "import"; reserved[26] = "instanceof"; reserved[27] = "int"; reserved[28] = "interface"; reserved[29] = "long"; reserved[30] = "native"; reserved[31] = "new"; reserved[32] = "null"; reserved[33] = "package"; reserved[34] = "private"; reserved[35] = "protected"; reserved[36] = "public"; reserved[37] = "return"; reserved[38] = "short"; reserved[39] = "static"; reserved[40] = "strictfp"; reserved[41] = "super"; reserved[42] = "switch"; reserved[43] = "synchronize"; reserved[44] = "this"; reserved[45] = "throw"; reserved[46] = "throws"; reserved[47] = "trasient"; reserved[48] = "true"; reserved[49] = "try"; reserved[50] = "void"; reserved[51] = "volatile"; reserved[52] = "while"; reserved[53] = "="; reserved[54] = "=="; reserved[55] = "!="; reserved[56] = "+"; reserved[57] = "-"; reserved[58] = "*"; reserved[59] = "/"; reserved[60] = "{"; reserved[61] = "}"; return reserved; } }

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• Trouble passing a template function as an argument to another function in C++

  - by Darel

  Source of the problem -Accelerated C++, problem 8-5 I've written a small program that examines lines of string input, and tallies the number of times a word appears on a given line. The following code accomplishes this: #include <map> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <list> #include <cctype> #include <iterator> using std::vector; using std::string; using std::cin; using std::cout; using std::endl; using std::getline; using std::istream; using std::string; using std::list; using std::map; using std::isspace; using std::ostream_iterator; using std::allocator; inline void keep_window_open() { cin.clear(); cout << "Please enter EOF to exit\n"; char ch; cin >> ch; return; } template <class Out> void split(const string& s, Out os) { vector<string> ret; typedef string::size_type string_size; string_size i = 0; // invariant: we have processed characters `['original value of `i', `i)' while (i != s.size()) { // ignore leading blanks // invariant: characters in range `['original `i', current `i)' are all spaces while (i != s.size() && isspace(s[i])) ++i; // find end of next word string_size j = i; // invariant: none of the characters in range `['original `j', current `j)' is a space while (j != s.size() && !isspace(s[j])) ++j; // if we found some nonwhitespace characters if (i != j) { // copy from `s' starting at `i' and taking `j' `\-' `i' chars *os++ = (s.substr(i, j - i)); i = j; } } } // find all the lines that refer to each word in the input map<string, vector<int> > xref(istream& in) // works // now try to pass the template function as an argument to function - what do i put for templated type? //map<string, vector<int> > xref(istream& in, void find_words(vector<string, typedef Out) = split) #LINE 1# { string line; int line_number = 0; map<string, vector<int> > ret; // read the next line while (getline(in, line)) { ++line_number; // break the input line into words vector<string> words; // works // #LINE 2# split(line, back_inserter(words)); // #LINE 3# //find_words(line, back_inserter(words)); // #LINE 4# attempting to use find_words as an argument to function // remember that each word occurs on the current line for (vector<string>::const_iterator it = words.begin(); it != words.end(); ++it) ret[*it].push_back(line_number); } return ret; } int main() { cout << endl << "Enter lines of text, followed by EOF (^Z):" << endl; // call `xref' using `split' by default map<string, vector<int> > ret = xref(cin); // write the results for (map<string, vector<int> >::const_iterator it = ret.begin(); it != ret.end(); ++it) { // write the word cout << it->first << " occurs on line(s): "; // followed by one or more line numbers vector<int>::const_iterator line_it = it->second.begin(); cout << *line_it; // write the first line number ++line_it; // write the rest of the line numbers, if any while (line_it != it->second.end()) { cout << ", " << *line_it; ++line_it; } // write a new line to separate each word from the next cout << endl; } keep_window_open(); return 0; } As you can see, the split function is a template function to handle various types of output iterators as desired. My problem comes when I try to generalize the xref function by passing in the templated split function as an argument. I can't seem to get the type correct. So my question is, can you pass a template function to another function as an argument, and if so, do you have to declare all types before passing it? Or can the compiler infer the types from the way the templated function is used in the body? To demonstrate the errors I get, comment out the existing xref function header, and uncomment the alternate header I'm trying to get working (just below the following commment line.) Also comment the lines tagged LINE 2 and LINE 3 and uncomment LINE 4, which is attempting to use the argument find_words (which defaults to split.) Thanks for any feedback!

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• Flash AS3 Mysterious Blinking MovieClip

  - by Ben

  This is the strangest problem I've faced in flash so far. I have no idea what's causing it. I can provide a .swf if someone wants to actually see it, but I'll describe it as best I can. I'm creating bullets for a tank object to shoot. The tank is a child of the document class. The way I am creating the bullet is: var bullet:Bullet = new Bullet(); (parent as MovieClip).addChild(bullet); The bullet itself simply moves itself in a direction using code like this.x += 5; The problem is the bullets will trace for their creation and destruction at the correct times, however the bullet is sometimes not visible until half way across the screen, sometimes not at all, and sometimes for the whole traversal. Oddly removing the timer I have on bullet creation seems to solve this. The timer is implemented as such: if(shot_timer == 0) { shoot(); // This contains the aforementioned bullet creation method shot_timer = 10; My enter frame handler for the tank object controls the timer and decrements it every frame if it is greater than zero. Can anyone suggest why this could be happening? EDIT: As requested, full code: Bullet.as package { import flash.display.MovieClip; import flash.events.Event; public class Bullet extends MovieClip { public var facing:int; private var speed:int; public function Bullet():void { trace("created"); speed = 10; addEventListener(Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE,addedHandler); } private function addedHandler(e:Event):void { addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,enterFrameHandler); removeEventListener(Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE,addedHandler); } private function enterFrameHandler(e:Event):void { //0 - up, 1 - left, 2 - down, 3 - right if(this.x > 720 || this.x < 0 || this.y < 0 || this.y > 480) { removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,enterFrameHandler); trace("destroyed"); (parent as MovieClip).removeChild(this); return; } switch(facing) { case 0: this.y -= speed; break; case 1: this.x -= speed; break; case 2: this.y += speed; break; case 3: this.x += speed; break; } } } } Tank.as: package { import flash.display.MovieClip; import flash.events.KeyboardEvent; import flash.events.Event; import flash.ui.Keyboard; public class Tank extends MovieClip { private var right:Boolean = false; private var left:Boolean = false; private var up:Boolean = false; private var down:Boolean = false; private var facing:int = 0; //0 - up, 1 - left, 2 - down, 3 - right private var horAllowed:Boolean = true; private var vertAllowed:Boolean = true; private const GRID_SIZE:int = 100; private var shooting:Boolean = false; private var shot_timer:int = 0; private var speed:int = 2; public function Tank():void { addEventListener(Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE,stageAddHandler); addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, enterFrameHandler); } private function stageAddHandler(e:Event):void { stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_DOWN,checkKeys); stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_UP,keyUps); removeEventListener(Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE,stageAddHandler); } public function checkKeys(event:KeyboardEvent):void { if(event.keyCode == 32) { //trace("Spacebar is down"); shooting = true; } if(event.keyCode == 39) { //trace("Right key is down"); right = true; } if(event.keyCode == 38) { //trace("Up key is down"); // lol up = true; } if(event.keyCode == 37) { //trace("Left key is down"); left = true; } if(event.keyCode == 40) { //trace("Down key is down"); down = true; } } public function keyUps(event:KeyboardEvent):void { if(event.keyCode == 32) { event.keyCode = 0; shooting = false; //trace("Spacebar is not down"); } if(event.keyCode == 39) { event.keyCode = 0; right = false; //trace("Right key is not down"); } if(event.keyCode == 38) { event.keyCode = 0; up = false; //trace("Up key is not down"); } if(event.keyCode == 37) { event.keyCode = 0; left = false; //trace("Left key is not down"); } if(event.keyCode == 40) { event.keyCode = 0; down = false; //trace("Down key is not down") // O.o } } public function checkDirectionPermissions(): void { if(this.y % GRID_SIZE < 5 || GRID_SIZE - this.y % GRID_SIZE < 5) { horAllowed = true; } else { horAllowed = false; } if(this.x % GRID_SIZE < 5 || GRID_SIZE - this.x % GRID_SIZE < 5) { vertAllowed = true; } else { vertAllowed = false; } if(!horAllowed && !vertAllowed) { realign(); } } public function realign():void { if(!horAllowed) { if(this.x % GRID_SIZE < GRID_SIZE / 2) { this.x -= this.x % GRID_SIZE; } else { this.x += (GRID_SIZE - this.x % GRID_SIZE); } } if(!vertAllowed) { if(this.y % GRID_SIZE < GRID_SIZE / 2) { this.y -= this.y % GRID_SIZE; } else { this.y += (GRID_SIZE - this.y % GRID_SIZE); } } } public function enterFrameHandler(Event):void { //trace(shot_timer); if(shot_timer > 0) { shot_timer--; } movement(); firing(); } public function firing():void { if(shooting) { if(shot_timer == 0) { shoot(); shot_timer = 10; } } } public function shoot():void { var bullet = new Bullet(); bullet.facing = facing; //0 - up, 1 - left, 2 - down, 3 - right switch(facing) { case 0: bullet.x = this.x; bullet.y = this.y - this.height / 2; break; case 1: bullet.x = this.x - this.width / 2; bullet.y = this.y; break; case 2: bullet.x = this.x; bullet.y = this.y + this.height / 2; break; case 3: bullet.x = this.x + this.width / 2; bullet.y = this.y; break; } (parent as MovieClip).addChild(bullet); } public function movement():void { //0 - up, 1 - left, 2 - down, 3 - right checkDirectionPermissions(); if(horAllowed) { if(right) { orient(3); realign(); this.x += speed; } if(left) { orient(1); realign(); this.x -= speed; } } if(vertAllowed) { if(up) { orient(0); realign(); this.y -= speed; } if(down) { orient(2); realign(); this.y += speed; } } } public function orient(dest:int):void { //trace("facing: " + facing); //trace("dest: " + dest); var angle = facing - dest; this.rotation += (90 * angle); facing = dest; } } }

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• [C++] A minimalistic smart array (container) class template

  - by legends2k

  I've written a (array) container class template (lets call it smart array) for using it in the BREW platform (which doesn't allow many C++ constructs like STD library, exceptions, etc. It has a very minimal C++ runtime support); while writing this my friend said that something like this already exists in Boost called MultiArray, I tried it but the ARM compiler (RVCT) cries with 100s of errors. I've not seen Boost.MultiArray's source, I've just started learning template only lately; template meta programming interests me a lot, although am not sure if this is strictly one, which can be categorised thus. So I want all my fellow C++ aficionados to review it ~ point out flaws, potential bugs, suggestions, optimisations, etc.; somthing like "you've not written your own Big Three which might lead to...". Possibly any criticism that'll help me improve this class and thereby my C++ skills. smart_array.h #include <vector> using std::vector; template <typename T, size_t N> class smart_array { vector < smart_array<T, N - 1> > vec; public: explicit smart_array(vector <size_t> &dimensions) { assert(N == dimensions.size()); vector <size_t>::iterator it = ++dimensions.begin(); vector <size_t> dimensions_remaining(it, dimensions.end()); smart_array <T, N - 1> temp_smart_array(dimensions_remaining); vec.assign(dimensions[0], temp_smart_array); } explicit smart_array(size_t dimension_1 = 1, ...) { static_assert(N > 0, "Error: smart_array expects 1 or more dimension(s)"); assert(dimension_1 > 1); va_list dim_list; vector <size_t> dimensions_remaining(N - 1); va_start(dim_list, dimension_1); for(size_t i = 0; i < N - 1; ++i) { size_t dimension_n = va_arg(dim_list, size_t); assert(dimension_n > 0); dimensions_remaining[i] = dimension_n; } va_end(dim_list); smart_array <T, N - 1> temp_smart_array(dimensions_remaining); vec.assign(dimension_1, temp_smart_array); } smart_array<T, N - 1>& operator[](size_t index) { assert(index < vec.size() && index >= 0); return vec[index]; } size_t length() const { return vec.size(); } }; template<typename T> class smart_array<T, 1> { vector <T> vec; public: explicit smart_array(vector <size_t> &dimension) : vec(dimension[0]) { assert(dimension[0] > 0); } explicit smart_array(size_t dimension_1 = 1) : vec(dimension_1) { assert(dimension_1 > 0); } T& operator[](size_t index) { assert(index < vec.size() && index >= 0); return vec[index]; } size_t length() { return vec.size(); } }; Sample Usage: #include <iostream> using std::cout; using std::endl; int main() { // testing 1 dimension smart_array <int, 1> x(3); x[0] = 0, x[1] = 1, x[2] = 2; cout << "x.length(): " << x.length() << endl; // testing 2 dimensions smart_array <float, 2> y(2, 3); y[0][0] = y[0][1] = y[0][2] = 0; y[1][0] = y[1][1] = y[1][2] = 1; cout << "y.length(): " << y.length() << endl; cout << "y[0].length(): " << y[0].length() << endl; // testing 3 dimensions smart_array <char, 3> z(2, 4, 5); cout << "z.length(): " << z.length() << endl; cout << "z[0].length(): " << z[0].length() << endl; cout << "z[0][0].length(): " << z[0][0].length() << endl; z[0][0][4] = 'c'; cout << z[0][0][4] << endl; // testing 4 dimensions smart_array <bool, 4> r(2, 3, 4, 5); cout << "z.length(): " << r.length() << endl; cout << "z[0].length(): " << r[0].length() << endl; cout << "z[0][0].length(): " << r[0][0].length() << endl; cout << "z[0][0][0].length(): " << r[0][0][0].length() << endl; // testing copy constructor smart_array <float, 2> copy_y(y); cout << "copy_y.length(): " << copy_y.length() << endl; cout << "copy_x[0].length(): " << copy_y[0].length() << endl; cout << copy_y[0][0] << "\t" << copy_y[1][0] << "\t" << copy_y[0][1] << "\t" << copy_y[1][1] << "\t" << copy_y[0][2] << "\t" << copy_y[1][2] << endl; return 0; }

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• C++ function not found during compilation

  - by forthewinwin

  For a homework assignment: I'm supposed to create randomized alphabetial keys, print them to a file, and then hash each of them into a hash table using the function "goodHash", found in my below code. When I try to run the below code, it says my "goodHash" "identifier isn't found". What's wrong with my code? #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <cstdlib> #include "math.h" #include <fstream> #include <time.h> using namespace std; // "makeKey" function to create an alphabetical key // based on 8 randomized numbers 0 - 25. string makeKey() { int k; string key = ""; for (k = 0; k < 8; k++) { int keyNumber = (rand() % 25); if (keyNumber == 0) key.append("A"); if (keyNumber == 1) key.append("B"); if (keyNumber == 2) key.append("C"); if (keyNumber == 3) key.append("D"); if (keyNumber == 4) key.append("E"); if (keyNumber == 5) key.append("F"); if (keyNumber == 6) key.append("G"); if (keyNumber == 7) key.append("H"); if (keyNumber == 8) key.append("I"); if (keyNumber == 9) key.append("J"); if (keyNumber == 10) key.append("K"); if (keyNumber == 11) key.append("L"); if (keyNumber == 12) key.append("M"); if (keyNumber == 13) key.append("N"); if (keyNumber == 14) key.append("O"); if (keyNumber == 15) key.append("P"); if (keyNumber == 16) key.append("Q"); if (keyNumber == 17) key.append("R"); if (keyNumber == 18) key.append("S"); if (keyNumber == 19) key.append("T"); if (keyNumber == 20) key.append("U"); if (keyNumber == 21) key.append("V"); if (keyNumber == 22) key.append("W"); if (keyNumber == 23) key.append("X"); if (keyNumber == 24) key.append("Y"); if (keyNumber == 25) key.append("Z"); } return key; } // "makeFile" function to produce the desired text file. // Note this only works as intended if you include the ".txt" extension, // and that a file of the same name doesn't already exist. void makeFile(string fileName, int n) { ofstream ourFile; ourFile.open(fileName); int k; // For use in below loop to compare with n. int l; // For use in the loop inside the below loop. string keyToPassTogoodHash = ""; for (k = 1; k <= n; k++) { for (l = 0; l < 8; l++) { // For-loop to write to the file ONE key ourFile << makeKey()[l]; keyToPassTogoodHash += (makeKey()[l]); } ourFile << " " << k << "\n";// Writes two spaces and the data value goodHash(keyToPassTogoodHash); // I think this has to do with the problem makeKey(); // Call again to make a new key. } } // Primary function to create our desired file! void mainFunction(string fileName, int n) { makeKey(); makeFile(fileName, n); } // Hash Table for Part 2 struct Node { int key; string value; Node* next; }; const int hashTableSize = 10; Node* hashTable[hashTableSize]; // "goodHash" function for Part 2 void goodHash(string key) { int x = 0; int y; int keyConvertedToNumber = 0; // For-loop to produce a numeric value based on the alphabetic key, // which is then hashed into hashTable using the hash function // declared below the loop (hashFunction). for (y = 0; y < 8; y++) { if (key[y] == 'A' || 'B' || 'C') x = 0; if (key[y] == 'D' || 'E' || 'F') x = 1; if (key[y] == 'G' || 'H' || 'I') x = 2; if (key[y] == 'J' || 'K' || 'L') x = 3; if (key[y] == 'M' || 'N' || 'O') x = 4; if (key[y] == 'P' || 'Q' || 'R') x = 5; if (key[y] == 'S' || 'T') x = 6; if (key[y] == 'U' || 'V') x = 7; if (key[y] == 'W' || 'X') x = 8; if (key[y] == 'Y' || 'Z') x = 9; keyConvertedToNumber = x + keyConvertedToNumber; } int hashFunction = keyConvertedToNumber % hashTableSize; Node *temp; temp = new Node; temp->value = key; temp->next = hashTable[hashFunction]; hashTable[hashFunction] = temp; } // First two lines are for Part 1, to call the functions key to Part 1. int main() { srand ( time(NULL) ); // To make sure our randomization works. mainFunction("sandwich.txt", 5); // To test program cin.get(); return 0; } I realize my code is cumbersome in some sections, but I'm a noob at C++ and don't know much to do it better. I'm guessing another way I could do it is to AFTER writing the alphabetical keys to the file, read them from the file and hash each key as I do that, but I wouldn't know how to go about coding that.

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• A minimalistic smart array (container) class template

  - by legends2k

  I've written a (array) container class template (lets call it smart array) for using it in the BREW platform (which doesn't allow many C++ constructs like STD library, exceptions, etc. It has a very minimal C++ runtime support); while writing this my friend said that something like this already exists in Boost called MultiArray, I tried it but the ARM compiler (RVCT) cries with 100s of errors. I've not seen Boost.MultiArray's source, I've started learning templates only lately; template meta programming interests me a lot, although am not sure if this is strictly one that can be categorized thus. So I want all my fellow C++ aficionados to review it ~ point out flaws, potential bugs, suggestions, optimizations, etc.; something like "you've not written your own Big Three which might lead to...". Possibly any criticism that will help me improve this class and thereby my C++ skills. Edit: I've used std::vector since it's easily understood, later it will be replaced by a custom written vector class template made to work in the BREW platform. Also C++0x related syntax like static_assert will also be removed in the final code. smart_array.h #include <vector> #include <cassert> #include <cstdarg> using std::vector; template <typename T, size_t N> class smart_array { vector < smart_array<T, N - 1> > vec; public: explicit smart_array(vector <size_t> &dimensions) { assert(N == dimensions.size()); vector <size_t>::iterator it = ++dimensions.begin(); vector <size_t> dimensions_remaining(it, dimensions.end()); smart_array <T, N - 1> temp_smart_array(dimensions_remaining); vec.assign(dimensions[0], temp_smart_array); } explicit smart_array(size_t dimension_1 = 1, ...) { static_assert(N > 0, "Error: smart_array expects 1 or more dimension(s)"); assert(dimension_1 > 1); va_list dim_list; vector <size_t> dimensions_remaining(N - 1); va_start(dim_list, dimension_1); for(size_t i = 0; i < N - 1; ++i) { size_t dimension_n = va_arg(dim_list, size_t); assert(dimension_n > 0); dimensions_remaining[i] = dimension_n; } va_end(dim_list); smart_array <T, N - 1> temp_smart_array(dimensions_remaining); vec.assign(dimension_1, temp_smart_array); } smart_array<T, N - 1>& operator[](size_t index) { assert(index < vec.size() && index >= 0); return vec[index]; } size_t length() const { return vec.size(); } }; template<typename T> class smart_array<T, 1> { vector <T> vec; public: explicit smart_array(vector <size_t> &dimension) : vec(dimension[0]) { assert(dimension[0] > 0); } explicit smart_array(size_t dimension_1 = 1) : vec(dimension_1) { assert(dimension_1 > 0); } T& operator[](size_t index) { assert(index < vec.size() && index >= 0); return vec[index]; } size_t length() { return vec.size(); } }; Sample Usage: #include "smart_array.h" #include <iostream> using std::cout; using std::endl; int main() { // testing 1 dimension smart_array <int, 1> x(3); x[0] = 0, x[1] = 1, x[2] = 2; cout << "x.length(): " << x.length() << endl; // testing 2 dimensions smart_array <float, 2> y(2, 3); y[0][0] = y[0][1] = y[0][2] = 0; y[1][0] = y[1][1] = y[1][2] = 1; cout << "y.length(): " << y.length() << endl; cout << "y[0].length(): " << y[0].length() << endl; // testing 3 dimensions smart_array <char, 3> z(2, 4, 5); cout << "z.length(): " << z.length() << endl; cout << "z[0].length(): " << z[0].length() << endl; cout << "z[0][0].length(): " << z[0][0].length() << endl; z[0][0][4] = 'c'; cout << z[0][0][4] << endl; // testing 4 dimensions smart_array <bool, 4> r(2, 3, 4, 5); cout << "z.length(): " << r.length() << endl; cout << "z[0].length(): " << r[0].length() << endl; cout << "z[0][0].length(): " << r[0][0].length() << endl; cout << "z[0][0][0].length(): " << r[0][0][0].length() << endl; // testing copy constructor smart_array <float, 2> copy_y(y); cout << "copy_y.length(): " << copy_y.length() << endl; cout << "copy_x[0].length(): " << copy_y[0].length() << endl; cout << copy_y[0][0] << "\t" << copy_y[1][0] << "\t" << copy_y[0][1] << "\t" << copy_y[1][1] << "\t" << copy_y[0][2] << "\t" << copy_y[1][2] << endl; return 0; }

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• Incorrect output on changing sequence of declarations

  - by max

  Writing C++ code to implement Sutherland-Hodgeman polygon clipping. This order of declaration of these 2 statements gives correct output, reverse does not. int numberOfVertices = 5; Point pointList[] = { {50,50}, {200,300}, {310,110}, {130,90}, {70,40} }; I am passing the polygon vertex set to clippers in order - LEFT, RIGHT, TOP, BOTTOM. The exact error which comes when the declarations are reversed is that the bottom clipper, produces an empty set of vertices so no polygon is displayed after clipping. Correct: Incorrent: Confirmed by outputting the number of vertices produced after each pass: Correct: Incorrect: What is the reason for this error? Code: #include <iostream> #include <GL/glut.h> #define MAXVERTICES 10 #define LEFT 0 #define RIGHT 1 #define TOP 2 #define BOTTOM 3 using namespace std; /* Clipping window */ struct Window { double xmin; double xmax; double ymin; double ymax; }; struct Point { double x; double y; }; /* If I interchange these two lines, the code doesn't work. */ /**************/ int numberOfVertices = 5; Point pointList[] = { {50,50}, {200,300}, {310,110}, {130,90}, {70,40} }; /**************/ const Window w = { 100, 400, 60, 200 }; /* Checks whether a point is inside or outside a window side */ int isInside(Point p, int side) { switch(side) { case LEFT: return p.x >= w.xmin; case RIGHT: return p.x <= w.xmax; case TOP: return p.y <= w.ymax; case BOTTOM: return p.y >= w.ymin; } } /* Calculates intersection of a segment and a window side */ Point intersection(Point p1, Point p2, int side) { Point temp; double slope, intercept; bool infinite; /* Find slope and intercept of segment, taking care of inf slope */ if(p2.x - p1.x != 0) { slope = (p2.y - p1.y) / (p2.x - p1.x); infinite = false; } else { infinite = true; } intercept = p1.y - p1.x * slope; /* Calculate intersections */ switch(side) { case LEFT: temp.x = w.xmin; temp.y = temp.x * slope + intercept; break; case RIGHT: temp.x = w.xmax; temp.y = temp.x * slope + intercept; break; case TOP: temp.y = w.ymax; temp.x = infinite ? p1.x : (temp.y - intercept) / slope; break; case BOTTOM: temp.y = w.ymin; temp.x = infinite ? p1.x : (temp.y - intercept) / slope; break; } return temp; } /* Clips polygon against a side, updating the point list (called once for each side) */ void clipAgainstSide(int sideToClip) { int i, j=0; Point s,p; Point outputList[MAXVERTICES]; /* Main algorithm */ s = pointList[numberOfVertices-1]; for(i=0 ; i<numberOfVertices ; i++) { p = pointList[i]; if(isInside(p, sideToClip)) { /* p inside */ if(!isInside(s, sideToClip)) { /* p inside, s outside */ outputList[j] = intersection(p, s, sideToClip); j++; } outputList[j] = p; j++; } else if(isInside(s, sideToClip)) { /* s inside, p outside */ outputList[j] = intersection(s, p, sideToClip); j++; } s = p; } /* Updating number of points and point list */ numberOfVertices = j; /* ERROR: In last call with BOTTOM argument, numberOfVertices becomes 0 */ /* all earlier 3 calls have correct output */ cout<<numberOfVertices<<endl; for(i=0 ; i<numberOfVertices ; i++) { pointList[i] = outputList[i]; } } void SutherlandHodgemanPolygonClip() { clipAgainstSide(LEFT); clipAgainstSide(RIGHT); clipAgainstSide(TOP); clipAgainstSide(BOTTOM); } void init() { glClearColor(1,1,1,0); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); gluOrtho2D(0,1000,0,500); } void display() { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); /* Displaying ORIGINAL box and polygon */ glColor3f(0,0,1); glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP); glVertex2i(w.xmin, w.ymin); glVertex2i(w.xmin, w.ymax); glVertex2i(w.xmax, w.ymax); glVertex2i(w.xmax, w.ymin); glEnd(); glColor3f(1,0,0); glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP); for(int i=0 ; i<numberOfVertices ; i++) { glVertex2i(pointList[i].x, pointList[i].y); } glEnd(); /* Clipping */ SutherlandHodgemanPolygonClip(); /* Displaying CLIPPED box and polygon, 500px right */ glColor3f(0,0,1); glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP); glVertex2i(w.xmin+500, w.ymin); glVertex2i(w.xmin+500, w.ymax); glVertex2i(w.xmax+500, w.ymax); glVertex2i(w.xmax+500, w.ymin); glEnd(); glColor3f(1,0,0); glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP); for(int i=0 ; i<numberOfVertices ; i++) { glVertex2i(pointList[i].x+500, pointList[i].y); } glEnd(); glFlush(); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB); glutInitWindowSize(1000,500); glutCreateWindow("Sutherland-Hodgeman polygon clipping"); init(); glutDisplayFunc(display); glutMainLoop(); return 0; }

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• depth first search graph by using linked list

  - by programmerwannabe

  im using mac book and i cannot read the text file using this code. moreover, can you guys please add function(graph is connected?, and is this graph tree?) inputA.txt consist 1 2 1 6 1 5 2 3 2 6 3 4 3 6 4 5 4 6 5 6 #include <stdio.h> #include <memory.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define MAX 10 #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 typedef struct Graph{ int vertex; struct Graph* link; } g_node; typedef struct graphType{ int x; int visited[MAX]; g_node* adjList_H[MAX]; } graphType; typedef struct stack{ int data; struct stack* link; } s_node; s_node* top; void push(int item){ s_node* n=(s_node*)malloc(sizeof(s_node)); n->data = item; n->link = top; top = n; } int pop(){ int item; s_node* n=top; if(top == NULL){ puts("\nstack is empty!\n"); return 0; } else { item = n-> data; top = n->link; free(n); return item; } } void createGraph(graphType* g){ int v; g->x = 1; for(v=1 ; v < MAX ; v++){ g -> visited[v] = FALSE; g -> adjList_H[v] = NULL; } } void insertVertex(graphType* g, int v){ if(((g->x)) > MAX){ puts("\n it has been overed the number of vertex\n"); return ; } g -> x++; } void insertEdge(graphType* g, int u, int v){ g_node* node; if(u >= g -> x || v >= g -> x){ puts("\n no vertex in the graph\n"); return ; } node = (g_node*)malloc(sizeof(g_node)); node -> vertex = v; node -> link = g -> adjList_H[u]; g-> adjList_H[u] = node; } void print_adjList(graphType* g){ int i; g_node *p; for(i=1 ; i<g -> x ; i++){ printf("\n\t\t vertex %d adjacency list ", i); p = g -> adjList_H[i]; while(p){ printf("-> %d", p-> vertex); p = p-> link; } } } void DFS_adjList(graphType* g, int v) { g_node* w; top = NULL; push(v); g->visited[v] = TRUE; printf(" %d", v); while(top != NULL){ w=g->adjList_H[v]; while(w){ if (!g->visited[w->vertex]){ push(w->vertex); g->visited[w->vertex] = TRUE; printf(" %d", w->vertex); v = w->vertex; w=g->adjList_H[v]; } else w= w->link; } v = pop(); } } int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) { FILE *fp; char mychar; char arr[][2]={0, }; int j, k; int i; graphType *G9; G9 = (graphType*)malloc(sizeof(graphType)); createGraph(G9); for(i=1; i<7 ; i++) insertVertex(G9, i); fp = fopen("inputD.txt", "r"); for(j = 0 ; j< 10 ; j++){ for(k = 0 ; k < 2 ; k++){ mychar = fgetc(fp); if(mychar = EOF){ j=10; break; } else if(mychar == ' ') continue; else if(mychar <= '9' || mychar >= '1'){ arr[j][k] = mychar; printf("%d%d", arr[i][k]); } } } insertEdge(G9, 1, 2); insertEdge(G9, 1, 6); insertEdge(G9, 1, 5); insertEdge(G9, 2, 3); insertEdge(G9, 2, 6); insertEdge(G9, 3, 4); insertEdge(G9, 3, 6); insertEdge(G9, 4, 5); insertEdge(G9, 4, 6); insertEdge(G9, 5, 6); insertEdge(G9, 6, 5); insertEdge(G9, 6, 4); insertEdge(G9, 5, 4); insertEdge(G9, 6, 3); insertEdge(G9, 4, 3); insertEdge(G9, 6, 2); insertEdge(G9, 3, 2); insertEdge(G9, 5, 1); insertEdge(G9, 6, 1); insertEdge(G9, 2, 1); printf("\n graph adjacency list "); print_adjList(G9); printf("\n \n//////////////////////////////////////////////\n\n depth fist search >> "); DFS_adjList(G9, 1); return 0; }

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• Building applications with WCF - Intro

  - by skjagini

  I am going to write series of articles using Windows Communication Framework (WCF) to develop client and server applications and this is the first part of that series. What is WCF As Juwal puts in his Programming WCF book, WCF provides an SDK for developing and deploying services on Windows, provides runtime environment to expose CLR types as services and consume services as CLR types. Building services with WCF is incredibly easy and it’s implementation provides a set of industry standards and off the shelf plumbing including service hosting, instance management, reliability, transaction management, security etc such that it greatly increases productivity Scenario: Lets consider a typical bank customer trying to create an account, deposit amount and transfer funds between accounts, i.e. checking and savings. To make it interesting, we are going to divide the functionality into multiple services and each of them working with database directly. We will run test cases with and without transactional support across services. In this post we will build contracts, services, data access layer, unit tests to verify end to end communication etc, nothing big stuff here and we dig into other features of the WCF in subsequent posts with incremental changes. In any distributed architecture we have two pieces i.e. services and clients. Services as the name implies provide functionality to execute various pieces of business logic on the server, and clients providing interaction to the end user. Services can be built with Web Services or with WCF. Service built on WCF have the advantage of binding independent, i.e. can run against TCP and HTTP protocol without any significant changes to the code. Solution Services Profile: For creating a new bank customer, getting details about existing customer ProfileContract ProfileService Checking Account: To get checking account balance, deposit or withdraw amount CheckingAccountContract CheckingAccountService Savings Account: To get savings account balance, deposit or withdraw amount SavingsAccountContract SavingsAccountService ServiceHost: To host services, i.e. running the services at particular address, binding and contract where client can connect to Client: Helps end user to use services like creating account and amount transfer between the accounts BankDAL: Data access layer to work with database     BankDAL It’s no brainer not to use an ORM as many matured products are available currently in market including Linq2Sql, Entity Framework (EF), LLblGenPro etc. For this exercise I am going to use Entity Framework 4.0, CTP 5 with code first approach. There are two approaches when working with data, data driven and code driven. In data driven we start by designing tables and their constrains in database and generate entities in code while in code driven (code first) approach entities are defined in code and the metadata generated from the entities is used by the EF to create tables and table constrains. In previous versions the entity classes had  to derive from EF specific base classes. In EF 4 it  is not required to derive from any EF classes, the entities are not only persistence ignorant but also enable full test driven development using mock frameworks.  Application consists of 3 entities, Customer entity which contains Customer details; CheckingAccount and SavingsAccount to hold the respective account balance. We could have introduced an Account base class for CheckingAccount and SavingsAccount which is certainly possible with EF mappings but to keep it simple we are just going to follow 1 –1 mapping between entity and table mappings. Lets start out by defining a class called Customer which will be mapped to Customer table, observe that the class is simply a plain old clr object (POCO) and has no reference to EF at all. using System;   namespace BankDAL.Model { public class Customer { public int Id { get; set; } public string FullName { get; set; } public string Address { get; set; } public DateTime DateOfBirth { get; set; } } }   In order to inform EF about the Customer entity we have to define a database context with properties of type DbSet<> for every POCO which needs to be mapped to a table in database. EF uses convention over configuration to generate the metadata resulting in much less configuration. using System.Data.Entity;   namespace BankDAL.Model { public class BankDbContext: DbContext { public DbSet<Customer> Customers { get; set; } } }   Entity constrains can be defined through attributes on Customer class or using fluent syntax (no need to muscle with xml files), CustomerConfiguration class. By defining constrains in a separate class we can maintain clean POCOs without corrupting entity classes with database specific information.   using System; using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration;   namespace BankDAL.Model { public class CustomerConfiguration: EntityTypeConfiguration<Customer> { public CustomerConfiguration() { Initialize(); }   private void Initialize() { //Setting the Primary Key this.HasKey(e => e.Id);   //Setting required fields this.HasRequired(e => e.FullName); this.HasRequired(e => e.Address); //Todo: Can't create required constraint as DateOfBirth is not reference type, research it //this.HasRequired(e => e.DateOfBirth); } } }   Any queries executed against Customers property in BankDbContext are executed against Cusomers table. By convention EF looks for connection string with key of BankDbContext when working with the context.   We are going to define a helper class to work with Customer entity with methods for querying, adding new entity etc and these are known as repository classes, i.e., CustomerRepository   using System; using System.Data.Entity; using System.Linq; using BankDAL.Model;   namespace BankDAL.Repositories { public class CustomerRepository { private readonly IDbSet<Customer> _customers;   public CustomerRepository(BankDbContext bankDbContext) { if (bankDbContext == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(); _customers = bankDbContext.Customers; }   public IQueryable<Customer> Query() { return _customers; }   public void Add(Customer customer) { _customers.Add(customer); } } }   From the above code it is observable that the Query methods returns customers as IQueryable i.e. customers are retrieved only when actually used i.e. iterated. Returning as IQueryable also allows to execute filtering and joining statements from business logic using lamba expressions without cluttering the data access layer with tens of methods.   Our CheckingAccountRepository and SavingsAccountRepository look very similar to each other using System; using System.Data.Entity; using System.Linq; using BankDAL.Model;   namespace BankDAL.Repositories { public class CheckingAccountRepository { private readonly IDbSet<CheckingAccount> _checkingAccounts;   public CheckingAccountRepository(BankDbContext bankDbContext) { if (bankDbContext == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(); _checkingAccounts = bankDbContext.CheckingAccounts; }   public IQueryable<CheckingAccount> Query() { return _checkingAccounts; }   public void Add(CheckingAccount account) { _checkingAccounts.Add(account); }   public IQueryable<CheckingAccount> GetAccount(int customerId) { return (from act in _checkingAccounts where act.CustomerId == customerId select act); }   } } The repository classes look very similar to each other for Query and Add methods, with the help of C# generics and implementing repository pattern (Martin Fowler) we can reduce the repeated code. Jarod from ElegantCode has posted an article on how to use repository pattern with EF which we will implement in the subsequent articles along with WCF Unity life time managers by Drew Contracts It is very easy to follow contract first approach with WCF, define the interface and append ServiceContract, OperationContract attributes. IProfile contract exposes functionality for creating customer and getting customer details.   using System; using System.ServiceModel; using BankDAL.Model;   namespace ProfileContract { [ServiceContract] public interface IProfile { [OperationContract] Customer CreateCustomer(string customerName, string address, DateTime dateOfBirth);   [OperationContract] Customer GetCustomer(int id);   } }   ICheckingAccount contract exposes functionality for working with checking account, i.e., getting balance, deposit and withdraw of amount. ISavingsAccount contract looks the same as checking account.   using System.ServiceModel;   namespace CheckingAccountContract { [ServiceContract] public interface ICheckingAccount { [OperationContract] decimal? GetCheckingAccountBalance(int customerId);   [OperationContract] void DepositAmount(int customerId,decimal amount);   [OperationContract] void WithdrawAmount(int customerId, decimal amount);   } }   Services   Having covered the data access layer and contracts so far and here comes the core of the business logic, i.e. services.   .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } ProfileService implements the IProfile contract for creating customer and getting customer detail using CustomerRepository. using System; using System.Linq; using System.ServiceModel; using BankDAL; using BankDAL.Model; using BankDAL.Repositories; using ProfileContract;   namespace ProfileService { [ServiceBehavior(IncludeExceptionDetailInFaults = true)] public class Profile: IProfile { public Customer CreateAccount( string customerName, string address, DateTime dateOfBirth) { Customer cust = new Customer { FullName = customerName, Address = address, DateOfBirth = dateOfBirth };   using (var bankDbContext = new BankDbContext()) { new CustomerRepository(bankDbContext).Add(cust); bankDbContext.SaveChanges(); } return cust; }   public Customer CreateCustomer(string customerName, string address, DateTime dateOfBirth) { return CreateAccount(customerName, address, dateOfBirth); } public Customer GetCustomer(int id) { return new CustomerRepository(new BankDbContext()).Query() .Where(i => i.Id == id).FirstOrDefault(); }   } } From the above code you shall observe that we are calling bankDBContext’s SaveChanges method and there is no save method specific to customer entity because EF manages all the changes centralized at the context level and all the pending changes so far are submitted in a batch and it is represented as Unit of Work. Similarly Checking service implements ICheckingAccount contract using CheckingAccountRepository, notice that we are throwing overdraft exception if the balance falls by zero. WCF has it’s own way of raising exceptions using fault contracts which will be explained in the subsequent articles. SavingsAccountService is similar to CheckingAccountService. using System; using System.Linq; using System.ServiceModel; using BankDAL.Model; using BankDAL.Repositories; using CheckingAccountContract;   namespace CheckingAccountService { [ServiceBehavior(IncludeExceptionDetailInFaults = true)] public class Checking:ICheckingAccount { public decimal? GetCheckingAccountBalance(int customerId) { using (var bankDbContext = new BankDbContext()) { CheckingAccount account = (new CheckingAccountRepository(bankDbContext) .GetAccount(customerId)).FirstOrDefault();   if (account != null) return account.Balance;   return null; } }   public void DepositAmount(int customerId, decimal amount) { using(var bankDbContext = new BankDbContext()) { var checkingAccountRepository = new CheckingAccountRepository(bankDbContext); CheckingAccount account = (checkingAccountRepository.GetAccount(customerId)) .FirstOrDefault();   if (account == null) { account = new CheckingAccount() { CustomerId = customerId }; checkingAccountRepository.Add(account); }   account.Balance = account.Balance + amount; if (account.Balance < 0) throw new ApplicationException("Overdraft not accepted");   bankDbContext.SaveChanges(); } } public void WithdrawAmount(int customerId, decimal amount) { DepositAmount(customerId, -1*amount); } } }   BankServiceHost The host acts as a glue binding contracts with it’s services, exposing the endpoints. The services can be exposed either through the code or configuration file, configuration file is preferred as it allows run time changes to service behavior even after deployment. We have 3 services and for each of the service you need to define name (the class that implements the service with fully qualified namespace) and endpoint known as ABC, i.e. address, binding and contract. We are using netTcpBinding and have defined the base address with for each of the contracts .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } <system.serviceModel> <services> <service name="ProfileService.Profile"> <endpoint binding="netTcpBinding" contract="ProfileContract.IProfile"/> <host> <baseAddresses> <add baseAddress="net.tcp://localhost:1000/Profile"/> </baseAddresses> </host> </service> <service name="CheckingAccountService.Checking"> <endpoint binding="netTcpBinding" contract="CheckingAccountContract.ICheckingAccount"/> <host> <baseAddresses> <add baseAddress="net.tcp://localhost:1000/Checking"/> </baseAddresses> </host> </service> <service name="SavingsAccountService.Savings"> <endpoint binding="netTcpBinding" contract="SavingsAccountContract.ISavingsAccount"/> <host> <baseAddresses> <add baseAddress="net.tcp://localhost:1000/Savings"/> </baseAddresses> </host> </service> </services> </system.serviceModel> Have to open the services by creating service host which will handle the incoming requests from clients.   using System;   namespace ServiceHost { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { CreateHosts(); Console.ReadLine(); }   private static void CreateHosts() { CreateHost(typeof(ProfileService.Profile),"Profile Service"); CreateHost(typeof(SavingsAccountService.Savings), "Savings Account Service"); CreateHost(typeof(CheckingAccountService.Checking), "Checking Account Service"); }   private static void CreateHost(Type type, string hostDescription) { System.ServiceModel.ServiceHost host = new System.ServiceModel.ServiceHost(type); host.Open();   if (host.ChannelDispatchers != null && host.ChannelDispatchers.Count != 0 && host.ChannelDispatchers[0].Listener != null) Console.WriteLine("Started: " + host.ChannelDispatchers[0].Listener.Uri); else Console.WriteLine("Failed to start:" + hostDescription); } } } BankClient    The client has no knowledge about service business logic other than the functionality it exposes through the contract, end points and a proxy to work against. The endpoint data and server proxy can be generated by right clicking on the project reference and choosing ‘Add Service Reference’ and entering the service end point address. Or if you have access to source, you can manually reference contract dlls and update clients configuration file to point to the service end point if the server and client happens to be being built using .Net framework. One of the pros with the manual approach is you don’t have to work against messy code generated files.   <system.serviceModel> <client> <endpoint name="tcpProfile" address="net.tcp://localhost:1000/Profile" binding="netTcpBinding" contract="ProfileContract.IProfile"/> <endpoint name="tcpCheckingAccount" address="net.tcp://localhost:1000/Checking" binding="netTcpBinding" contract="CheckingAccountContract.ICheckingAccount"/> <endpoint name="tcpSavingsAccount" address="net.tcp://localhost:1000/Savings" binding="netTcpBinding" contract="SavingsAccountContract.ISavingsAccount"/>   </client> </system.serviceModel> The client uses a façade to connect to the services   using System.ServiceModel; using CheckingAccountContract; using ProfileContract; using SavingsAccountContract;   namespace Client { public class ProxyFacade { public static IProfile ProfileProxy() { return (new ChannelFactory<IProfile>("tcpProfile")).CreateChannel(); }   public static ICheckingAccount CheckingAccountProxy() { return (new ChannelFactory<ICheckingAccount>("tcpCheckingAccount")) .CreateChannel(); }   public static ISavingsAccount SavingsAccountProxy() { return (new ChannelFactory<ISavingsAccount>("tcpSavingsAccount")) .CreateChannel(); }   } }   With that in place, lets get our unit tests going   using System; using System.Diagnostics; using BankDAL.Model; using NUnit.Framework; using ProfileContract;   namespace Client { [TestFixture] public class Tests { private void TransferFundsFromSavingsToCheckingAccount(int customerId, decimal amount) { ProxyFacade.CheckingAccountProxy().DepositAmount(customerId, amount); ProxyFacade.SavingsAccountProxy().WithdrawAmount(customerId, amount); }   private void TransferFundsFromCheckingToSavingsAccount(int customerId, decimal amount) { ProxyFacade.SavingsAccountProxy().DepositAmount(customerId, amount); ProxyFacade.CheckingAccountProxy().WithdrawAmount(customerId, amount); }     [Test] public void CreateAndGetProfileTest() { IProfile profile = ProxyFacade.ProfileProxy(); const string customerName = "Tom"; int customerId = profile.CreateCustomer(customerName, "NJ", new DateTime(1982, 1, 1)).Id; Customer customer = profile.GetCustomer(customerId); Assert.AreEqual(customerName,customer.FullName); }   [Test] public void DepositWithDrawAndTransferAmountTest() { IProfile profile = ProxyFacade.ProfileProxy(); string customerName = "Smith" + DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss"); var customer = profile.CreateCustomer(customerName, "NJ", new DateTime(1982, 1, 1)); // Deposit to Savings ProxyFacade.SavingsAccountProxy().DepositAmount(customer.Id, 100); ProxyFacade.SavingsAccountProxy().DepositAmount(customer.Id, 25); Assert.AreEqual(125, ProxyFacade.SavingsAccountProxy().GetSavingsAccountBalance(customer.Id)); // Withdraw ProxyFacade.SavingsAccountProxy().WithdrawAmount(customer.Id, 30); Assert.AreEqual(95, ProxyFacade.SavingsAccountProxy().GetSavingsAccountBalance(customer.Id));   // Deposit to Checking ProxyFacade.CheckingAccountProxy().DepositAmount(customer.Id, 60); ProxyFacade.CheckingAccountProxy().DepositAmount(customer.Id, 40); Assert.AreEqual(100, ProxyFacade.CheckingAccountProxy().GetCheckingAccountBalance(customer.Id)); // Withdraw ProxyFacade.CheckingAccountProxy().WithdrawAmount(customer.Id, 30); Assert.AreEqual(70, ProxyFacade.CheckingAccountProxy().GetCheckingAccountBalance(customer.Id));   // Transfer from Savings to Checking TransferFundsFromSavingsToCheckingAccount(customer.Id,10); Assert.AreEqual(85, ProxyFacade.SavingsAccountProxy().GetSavingsAccountBalance(customer.Id)); Assert.AreEqual(80, ProxyFacade.CheckingAccountProxy().GetCheckingAccountBalance(customer.Id));   // Transfer from Checking to Savings TransferFundsFromCheckingToSavingsAccount(customer.Id, 50); Assert.AreEqual(135, ProxyFacade.SavingsAccountProxy().GetSavingsAccountBalance(customer.Id)); Assert.AreEqual(30, ProxyFacade.CheckingAccountProxy().GetCheckingAccountBalance(customer.Id)); }   [Test] public void FundTransfersWithOverDraftTest() { IProfile profile = ProxyFacade.ProfileProxy(); string customerName = "Angelina" + DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss");   var customerId = profile.CreateCustomer(customerName, "NJ", new DateTime(1972, 1, 1)).Id;   ProxyFacade.SavingsAccountProxy().DepositAmount(customerId, 100); TransferFundsFromSavingsToCheckingAccount(customerId,80); Assert.AreEqual(20, ProxyFacade.SavingsAccountProxy().GetSavingsAccountBalance(customerId)); Assert.AreEqual(80, ProxyFacade.CheckingAccountProxy().GetCheckingAccountBalance(customerId));   try { TransferFundsFromSavingsToCheckingAccount(customerId,30); } catch (Exception e) { Debug.WriteLine(e.Message); }   Assert.AreEqual(110, ProxyFacade.CheckingAccountProxy().GetCheckingAccountBalance(customerId)); Assert.AreEqual(20, ProxyFacade.SavingsAccountProxy().GetSavingsAccountBalance(customerId)); } } }   We are creating a new instance of the channel for every operation, we will look into instance management and how creating a new instance of channel affects it in subsequent articles. The first two test cases deals with creation of Customer, deposit and withdraw of month between accounts. The last case, FundTransferWithOverDraftTest() is interesting. Customer starts with depositing $100 in SavingsAccount followed by transfer of $80 in to checking account resulting in $20 in savings account.  Customer then initiates $30 transfer from Savings to Checking resulting in overdraft exception on Savings with $30 being deposited to Checking. As we are not running both the requests in transactions the customer ends up with more amount than what he started with $100. In subsequent posts we will look into transactions handling.  Make sure the ServiceHost project is set as start up project and start the solution. Run the test cases either from NUnit client or TestDriven.Net/Resharper which ever is your favorite tool. Make sure you have updated the data base connection string in the ServiceHost config file to point to your local database

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• Using R to Analyze G1GC Log Files

  - by user12620111

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  Using R to Analyze G1GC Log Files   Using R to Analyze G1GC Log Files Introduction Working in Oracle Platform Integration gives an engineer opportunities to work on a wide array of technologies. My team’s goal is to make Oracle applications run best on the Solaris/SPARC platform. When looking for bottlenecks in a modern applications, one needs to be aware of not only how the CPUs and operating system are executing, but also network, storage, and in some cases, the Java Virtual Machine. I was recently presented with about 1.5 GB of Java Garbage First Garbage Collector log file data. If you’re not familiar with the subject, you might want to review Garbage First Garbage Collector Tuning by Monica Beckwith. The customer had been running Java HotSpot 1.6.0_31 to host a web application server. I was told that the Solaris/SPARC server was running a Java process launched using a commmand line that included the following flags: -d64 -Xms9g -Xmx9g -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 -XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=80 -XX:PermSize=256m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m -XX:+PrintGC -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal -XX:+DisableExplicitGC -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions -XX:ParallelGCThreads=8 Several sources on the internet indicate that if I were to print out the 1.5 GB of log files, it would require enough paper to fill the bed of a pick up truck. Of course, it would be fruitless to try to scan the log files by hand. Tools will be required to summarize the contents of the log files. Others have encountered large Java garbage collection log files. There are existing tools to analyze the log files: IBM’s GC toolkit The chewiebug GCViewer gchisto HPjmeter Instead of using one of the other tools listed, I decide to parse the log files with standard Unix tools, and analyze the data with R. Data Cleansing The log files arrived in two different formats. I guess that the difference is that one set of log files was generated using a more verbose option, maybe -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC, and the other set of log files was generated without that option. Format 1 In some of the log files, the log files with the less verbose format, a single trace, i.e. the report of a singe garbage collection event, looks like this: {Heap before GC invocations=12280 (full 61): garbage-first heap total 9437184K, used 7499918K [0xfffffffd00000000, 0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff40000000) region size 4096K, 1 young (4096K), 0 survivors (0K) compacting perm gen total 262144K, used 144077K [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff50000000, 0xffffffff50000000) the space 262144K, 54% used [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff48cb3758, 0xffffffff48cb3800, 0xffffffff50000000) No shared spaces configured. 2014-05-14T07:24:00.988-0700: 60586.353: [GC pause (young) 7324M->7320M(9216M), 0.1567265 secs] Heap after GC invocations=12281 (full 61): garbage-first heap total 9437184K, used 7496533K [0xfffffffd00000000, 0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff40000000) region size 4096K, 0 young (0K), 0 survivors (0K) compacting perm gen total 262144K, used 144077K [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff50000000, 0xffffffff50000000) the space 262144K, 54% used [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff48cb3758, 0xffffffff48cb3800, 0xffffffff50000000) No shared spaces configured. } A simple grep can be used to extract a summary: $ grep "\[ GC pause (young" g1gc.log 2014-05-13T13:24:35.091-0700: 3.109: [GC pause (young) 20M->5029K(9216M), 0.0146328 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:35.440-0700: 3.459: [GC pause (young) 9125K->6077K(9216M), 0.0086723 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:37.581-0700: 5.599: [GC pause (young) 25M->8470K(9216M), 0.0203820 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:42.686-0700: 10.704: [GC pause (young) 44M->15M(9216M), 0.0288848 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:48.941-0700: 16.958: [GC pause (young) 51M->20M(9216M), 0.0491244 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:56.049-0700: 24.066: [GC pause (young) 92M->26M(9216M), 0.0525368 secs] 2014-05-13T13:25:34.368-0700: 62.383: [GC pause (young) 602M->68M(9216M), 0.1721173 secs] But that format wasn't easily read into R, so I needed to be a bit more tricky. I used the following Unix command to create a summary file that was easy for R to read. $ echo "SecondsSinceLaunch BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize RealTime" $ grep "\[GC pause (young" g1gc.log | grep -v mark | sed -e 's/[A-SU-z\(\),]/ /g' -e 's/->/ /' -e 's/: / /g' | more SecondsSinceLaunch BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize RealTime 2014-05-13T13:24:35.091-0700 3.109 20 5029 9216 0.0146328 2014-05-13T13:24:35.440-0700 3.459 9125 6077 9216 0.0086723 2014-05-13T13:24:37.581-0700 5.599 25 8470 9216 0.0203820 2014-05-13T13:24:42.686-0700 10.704 44 15 9216 0.0288848 2014-05-13T13:24:48.941-0700 16.958 51 20 9216 0.0491244 2014-05-13T13:24:56.049-0700 24.066 92 26 9216 0.0525368 2014-05-13T13:25:34.368-0700 62.383 602 68 9216 0.1721173 Format 2 In some of the log files, the log files with the more verbose format, a single trace, i.e. the report of a singe garbage collection event, was more complicated than Format 1. Here is a text file with an example of a single G1GC trace in the second format. As you can see, it is quite complicated. It is nice that there is so much information available, but the level of detail can be overwhelming. I wrote this awk script (download) to summarize each trace on a single line. #!/usr/bin/env awk -f BEGIN { printf("SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize\n") } ###################### # Save count data from lines that are at the start of each G1GC trace. # Each trace starts out like this: # {Heap before GC invocations=14 (full 0): # garbage-first heap total 9437184K, used 325496K [0xfffffffd00000000, 0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff40000000) ###################### /{Heap.*full/{ gsub ( "\\)" , "" ); nf=split($0,a,"="); split(a[2],b," "); getline; if ( match($0, "first") ) { G1GC=1; IncrementalCount=b[1]; FullCount=substr( b[3], 1, length(b[3])-1 ); } else { G1GC=0; } } ###################### # Pull out time stamps that are in lines with this format: # 2014-05-12T14:02:06.025-0700: 94.312: [GC pause (young), 0.08870154 secs] ###################### /GC pause/ { DateTime=$1; SecondsSinceLaunch=substr($2, 1, length($2)-1); } ###################### # Heap sizes are in lines that look like this: # [ 4842M->4838M(9216M)] ###################### /\[ .*]$/ { gsub ( "\\[" , "" ); gsub ( "\ \]" , "" ); gsub ( "->" , " " ); gsub ( "\\( " , " " ); gsub ( "\ \)" , " " ); split($0,a," "); if ( split(a[1],b,"M") > 1 ) {BeforeSize=b[1]*1024;} if ( split(a[1],b,"K") > 1 ) {BeforeSize=b[1];} if ( split(a[2],b,"M") > 1 ) {AfterSize=b[1]*1024;} if ( split(a[2],b,"K") > 1 ) {AfterSize=b[1];} if ( split(a[3],b,"M") > 1 ) {TotalSize=b[1]*1024;} if ( split(a[3],b,"K") > 1 ) {TotalSize=b[1];} } ###################### # Emit an output line when you find input that looks like this: # [Times: user=1.41 sys=0.08, real=0.24 secs] ###################### /\[Times/ { if (G1GC==1) { gsub ( "," , "" ); split($2,a,"="); UserTime=a[2]; split($3,a,"="); SysTime=a[2]; split($4,a,"="); RealTime=a[2]; print DateTime,SecondsSinceLaunch,IncrementalCount,FullCount,UserTime,SysTime,RealTime,BeforeSize,AfterSize,TotalSize; G1GC=0; } } The resulting summary is about 25X smaller that the original file, but still difficult for a human to digest. SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize ... 2014-05-12T18:36:34.669-0700: 3985.744 561 0 0.57 0.06 0.16 1724416 1720320 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:34.839-0700: 3985.914 562 0 0.51 0.06 0.19 1724416 1720320 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.069-0700: 3986.144 563 0 0.60 0.04 0.27 1724416 1721344 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.354-0700: 3986.429 564 0 0.33 0.04 0.09 1725440 1722368 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.545-0700: 3986.620 565 0 0.58 0.04 0.17 1726464 1722368 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.726-0700: 3986.801 566 0 0.43 0.05 0.12 1726464 1722368 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.856-0700: 3986.930 567 0 0.30 0.04 0.07 1726464 1723392 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.947-0700: 3987.023 568 0 0.61 0.04 0.26 1727488 1723392 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:36.228-0700: 3987.302 569 0 0.46 0.04 0.16 1731584 1724416 9437184 Reading the Data into R Once the GC log data had been cleansed, either by processing the first format with the shell script, or by processing the second format with the awk script, it was easy to read the data into R. g1gc.df = read.csv("summary.txt", row.names = NULL, stringsAsFactors=FALSE,sep="") str(g1gc.df) ## 'data.frame': 8307 obs. of 10 variables: ## $ row.names : chr "2014-05-12T14:00:32.868-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:33.179-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:33.677-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:35.538-0700:" ... ## $ SecondsSinceLaunch: num 1.16 1.47 1.97 3.83 6.1 ... ## $ IncrementalCount : int 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... ## $ FullCount : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... ## $ UserTime : num 0.11 0.05 0.04 0.21 0.08 0.26 0.31 0.33 0.34 0.56 ... ## $ SysTime : num 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.09 ... ## $ RealTime : num 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06 ... ## $ BeforeSize : int 8192 5496 5768 22528 24576 43008 34816 53248 55296 93184 ... ## $ AfterSize : int 1400 1672 2557 4907 7072 14336 16384 18432 19456 21504 ... ## $ TotalSize : int 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 ... head(g1gc.df) ## row.names SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount ## 1 2014-05-12T14:00:32.868-0700: 1.161 0 ## 2 2014-05-12T14:00:33.179-0700: 1.472 1 ## 3 2014-05-12T14:00:33.677-0700: 1.969 2 ## 4 2014-05-12T14:00:35.538-0700: 3.830 3 ## 5 2014-05-12T14:00:37.811-0700: 6.103 4 ## 6 2014-05-12T14:00:41.428-0700: 9.720 5 ## FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize ## 1 0 0.11 0.04 0.02 8192 1400 9437184 ## 2 0 0.05 0.01 0.02 5496 1672 9437184 ## 3 0 0.04 0.01 0.01 5768 2557 9437184 ## 4 0 0.21 0.05 0.04 22528 4907 9437184 ## 5 0 0.08 0.01 0.02 24576 7072 9437184 ## 6 0 0.26 0.06 0.04 43008 14336 9437184 Basic Statistics Once the data has been read into R, simple statistics are very easy to generate. All of the numbers from high school statistics are available via simple commands. For example, generate a summary of every column: summary(g1gc.df) ## row.names SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount ## Length:8307 Min. : 1 Min. : 0 Min. : 0.0 ## Class :character 1st Qu.: 9977 1st Qu.:2048 1st Qu.: 0.0 ## Mode :character Median :12855 Median :4136 Median : 12.0 ## Mean :12527 Mean :4156 Mean : 31.6 ## 3rd Qu.:15758 3rd Qu.:6262 3rd Qu.: 61.0 ## Max. :55484 Max. :8391 Max. :113.0 ## UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize ## Min. :0.040 Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 5476 ## 1st Qu.:0.470 1st Qu.:0.0300 1st Qu.: 0.1 1st Qu.:5137920 ## Median :0.620 Median :0.0300 Median : 0.1 Median :6574080 ## Mean :0.751 Mean :0.0355 Mean : 0.3 Mean :5841855 ## 3rd Qu.:0.920 3rd Qu.:0.0400 3rd Qu.: 0.2 3rd Qu.:7084032 ## Max. :3.370 Max. :1.5600 Max. :488.1 Max. :8696832 ## AfterSize TotalSize ## Min. : 1380 Min. :9437184 ## 1st Qu.:5002752 1st Qu.:9437184 ## Median :6559744 Median :9437184 ## Mean :5785454 Mean :9437184 ## 3rd Qu.:7054336 3rd Qu.:9437184 ## Max. :8482816 Max. :9437184 Q: What is the total amount of User CPU time spent in garbage collection? sum(g1gc.df$UserTime) ## [1] 6236 As you can see, less than two hours of CPU time was spent in garbage collection. Is that too much? To find the percentage of time spent in garbage collection, divide the number above by total_elapsed_time*CPU_count. In this case, there are a lot of CPU’s and it turns out the the overall amount of CPU time spent in garbage collection isn’t a problem when viewed in isolation. When calculating rates, i.e. events per unit time, you need to ask yourself if the rate is homogenous across the time period in the log file. Does the log file include spikes of high activity that should be separately analyzed? Averaging in data from nights and weekends with data from business hours may alias problems. If you have a reason to suspect that the garbage collection rates include peaks and valleys that need independent analysis, see the “Time Series” section, below. Q: How much garbage is collected on each pass? The amount of heap space that is recovered per GC pass is surprisingly low: At least one collection didn’t recover any data. (“Min.=0”) 25% of the passes recovered 3MB or less. (“1st Qu.=3072”) Half of the GC passes recovered 4MB or less. (“Median=4096”) The average amount recovered was 56MB. (“Mean=56390”) 75% of the passes recovered 36MB or less. (“3rd Qu.=36860”) At least one pass recovered 2GB. (“Max.=2121000”) g1gc.df$Delta = g1gc.df$BeforeSize - g1gc.df$AfterSize summary(g1gc.df$Delta) ## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. ## 0 3070 4100 56400 36900 2120000 Q: What is the maximum User CPU time for a single collection? The worst garbage collection (“Max.”) is many standard deviations away from the mean. The data appears to be right skewed. summary(g1gc.df$UserTime) ## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. ## 0.040 0.470 0.620 0.751 0.920 3.370 sd(g1gc.df$UserTime) ## [1] 0.3966 Basic Graphics Once the data is in R, it is trivial to plot the data with formats including dot plots, line charts, bar charts (simple, stacked, grouped), pie charts, boxplots, scatter plots histograms, and kernel density plots. Histogram of User CPU Time per Collection I don't think that this graph requires any explanation. hist(g1gc.df$UserTime, main="User CPU Time per Collection", xlab="Seconds", ylab="Frequency") Box plot to identify outliers When the initial data is viewed with a box plot, you can see the one crazy outlier in the real time per GC. Save this data point for future analysis and drop the outlier so that it’s not throwing off our statistics. Now the box plot shows many outliers, which will be examined later, using times series analysis. Notice that the scale of the x-axis changes drastically once the crazy outlier is removed. par(mfrow=c(2,1)) boxplot(g1gc.df$UserTime,g1gc.df$SysTime,g1gc.df$RealTime, main="Box Plot of Time per GC\n(dominated by a crazy outlier)", names=c("usr","sys","elapsed"), xlab="Seconds per GC", ylab="Time (Seconds)", horizontal = TRUE, outcol="red") crazy.outlier.df=g1gc.df[g1gc.df$RealTime > 400,] g1gc.df=g1gc.df[g1gc.df$RealTime < 400,] boxplot(g1gc.df$UserTime,g1gc.df$SysTime,g1gc.df$RealTime, main="Box Plot of Time per GC\n(crazy outlier excluded)", names=c("usr","sys","elapsed"), xlab="Seconds per GC", ylab="Time (Seconds)", horizontal = TRUE, outcol="red") box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") Here is the crazy outlier for future analysis: crazy.outlier.df ## row.names SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount ## 8233 2014-05-12T23:15:43.903-0700: 20741 8316 ## FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize ## 8233 112 0.55 0.42 488.1 8381440 8235008 9437184 ## Delta ## 8233 146432 R Time Series Data To analyze the garbage collection as a time series, I’ll use Z’s Ordered Observations (zoo). “zoo is the creator for an S3 class of indexed totally ordered observations which includes irregular time series.” require(zoo) ## Loading required package: zoo ## ## Attaching package: 'zoo' ## ## The following objects are masked from 'package:base': ## ## as.Date, as.Date.numeric head(g1gc.df[,1]) ## [1] "2014-05-12T14:00:32.868-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:33.179-0700:" ## [3] "2014-05-12T14:00:33.677-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:35.538-0700:" ## [5] "2014-05-12T14:00:37.811-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:41.428-0700:" options("digits.secs"=3) times=as.POSIXct( g1gc.df[,1], format="%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%OS%z:") g1gc.z = zoo(g1gc.df[,-c(1)], order.by=times) head(g1gc.z) ## SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount ## 2014-05-12 17:00:32.868 1.161 0 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.178 1.472 1 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.677 1.969 2 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:35.538 3.830 3 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:37.811 6.103 4 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:41.427 9.720 5 0 ## UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize ## 2014-05-12 17:00:32.868 0.11 0.04 0.02 8192 1400 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.178 0.05 0.01 0.02 5496 1672 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.677 0.04 0.01 0.01 5768 2557 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:35.538 0.21 0.05 0.04 22528 4907 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:37.811 0.08 0.01 0.02 24576 7072 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:41.427 0.26 0.06 0.04 43008 14336 ## TotalSize Delta ## 2014-05-12 17:00:32.868 9437184 6792 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.178 9437184 3824 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.677 9437184 3211 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:35.538 9437184 17621 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:37.811 9437184 17504 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:41.427 9437184 28672 Example of Two Benchmark Runs in One Log File The data in the following graph is from a different log file, not the one of primary interest to this article. I’m including this image because it is an example of idle periods followed by busy periods. It would be uninteresting to average the rate of garbage collection over the entire log file period. More interesting would be the rate of garbage collect in the two busy periods. Are they the same or different? Your production data may be similar, for example, bursts when employees return from lunch and idle times on weekend evenings, etc. Once the data is in an R Time Series, you can analyze isolated time windows. Clipping the Time Series data Flashing back to our test case… Viewing the data as a time series is interesting. You can see that the work intensive time period is between 9:00 PM and 3:00 AM. Lets clip the data to the interesting period:     par(mfrow=c(2,1)) plot(g1gc.z$UserTime, type="h", main="User Time per GC\nTime: Complete Log File", xlab="Time of Day", ylab="CPU Seconds per GC", col="#1b9e77") clipped.g1gc.z=window(g1gc.z, start=as.POSIXct("2014-05-12 21:00:00"), end=as.POSIXct("2014-05-13 03:00:00")) plot(clipped.g1gc.z$UserTime, type="h", main="User Time per GC\nTime: Limited to Benchmark Execution", xlab="Time of Day", ylab="CPU Seconds per GC", col="#1b9e77") box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") Cumulative Incremental and Full GC count Here is the cumulative incremental and full GC count. When the line is very steep, it indicates that the GCs are repeating very quickly. Notice that the scale on the Y axis is different for full vs. incremental. plot(clipped.g1gc.z[,c(2:3)], main="Cumulative Incremental and Full GC count", xlab="Time of Day", col="#1b9e77") GC Analysis of Benchmark Execution using Time Series data In the following series of 3 graphs: The “After Size” show the amount of heap space in use after each garbage collection. Many Java objects are still referenced, i.e. alive, during each garbage collection. This may indicate that the application has a memory leak, or may indicate that the application has a very large memory footprint. Typically, an application's memory footprint plateau's in the early stage of execution. One would expect this graph to have a flat top. The steep decline in the heap space may indicate that the application crashed after 2:00. The second graph shows that the outliers in real execution time, discussed above, occur near 2:00. when the Java heap seems to be quite full. The third graph shows that Full GCs are infrequent during the first few hours of execution. The rate of Full GC's, (the slope of the cummulative Full GC line), changes near midnight.   plot(clipped.g1gc.z[,c("AfterSize","RealTime","FullCount")], xlab="Time of Day", col=c("#1b9e77","red","#1b9e77")) GC Analysis of heap recovered Each GC trace includes the amount of heap space in use before and after the individual GC event. During garbage coolection, unreferenced objects are identified, the space holding the unreferenced objects is freed, and thus, the difference in before and after usage indicates how much space has been freed. The following box plot and bar chart both demonstrate the same point - the amount of heap space freed per garbage colloection is surprisingly low. par(mfrow=c(2,1)) boxplot(as.vector(clipped.g1gc.z$Delta), main="Amount of Heap Recovered per GC Pass", xlab="Size in KB", horizontal = TRUE, col="red") hist(as.vector(clipped.g1gc.z$Delta), main="Amount of Heap Recovered per GC Pass", xlab="Size in KB", breaks=100, col="red") box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") This graph is the most interesting. The dark blue area shows how much heap is occupied by referenced Java objects. This represents memory that holds live data. The red fringe at the top shows how much data was recovered after each garbage collection. barplot(clipped.g1gc.z[,c("AfterSize","Delta")], col=c("#7570b3","#e7298a"), xlab="Time of Day", border=NA) legend("topleft", c("Live Objects","Heap Recovered on GC"), fill=c("#7570b3","#e7298a")) box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") When I discuss the data in the log files with the customer, I will ask for an explaination for the large amount of referenced data resident in the Java heap. There are two are posibilities: There is a memory leak and the amount of space required to hold referenced objects will continue to grow, limited only by the maximum heap size. After the maximum heap size is reached, the JVM will throw an “Out of Memory” exception every time that the application tries to allocate a new object. If this is the case, the aplication needs to be debugged to identify why old objects are referenced when they are no longer needed. The application has a legitimate requirement to keep a large amount of data in memory. The customer may want to further increase the maximum heap size. Another possible solution would be to partition the application across multiple cluster nodes, where each node has responsibility for managing a unique subset of the data. Conclusion In conclusion, R is a very powerful tool for the analysis of Java garbage collection log files. The primary difficulty is data cleansing so that information can be read into an R data frame. Once the data has been read into R, a rich set of tools may be used for thorough evaluation.

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• Having trouble compiling with GDI+ (VC++ 2008)

  - by user146780

  I just simply include gdiplus.h and get all these errors: Warning 32 warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1133 Warning 38 warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1139 Warning 49 warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1286 Warning 55 warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1292 Warning 61 warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2224 Warning 68 warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2262 Warning 74 warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2310 Warning 82 warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2321 Error 112 fatal error C1003: error count exceeds 100; stopping compilation c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 236 Error 1 error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusimaging.h 74 Error 7 error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusimaging.h 280 Error 8 error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusimaging.h 280 Error 94 error C2761: '{ctor}' : member function redeclaration not allowed c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 195 Error 102 error C2761: '{ctor}' : member function redeclaration not allowed c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 212 Error 110 error C2761: '{ctor}' : member function redeclaration not allowed c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 231 Error 21 error C2535: 'Gdiplus::Metafile::Metafile(void)' : member function already defined or declared c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 813 Error 23 error C2535: 'Gdiplus::Metafile::Metafile(void)' : member function already defined or declared c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 820 Error 25 error C2535: 'Gdiplus::Metafile::Metafile(void)' : member function already defined or declared c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 829 Error 27 error C2535: 'Gdiplus::Metafile::Metafile(void)' : member function already defined or declared c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 923 Error 16 error C2535: 'Gdiplus::Image::Image(void)' : member function already defined or declared c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 471 Error 4 error C2470: 'IImageBytes' : looks like a function definition, but there is no parameter list; skipping apparent body c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusimaging.h 74 Error 89 error C2448: 'Gdiplus::Metafile::{ctor}' : function-style initializer appears to be a function definition c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 76 Error 97 error C2447: '{' : missing function header (old-style formal list?) c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 199 Error 105 error C2447: '{' : missing function header (old-style formal list?) c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 218 Error 2 error C2440: 'initializing' : cannot convert from 'const char [37]' to 'int' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusimaging.h 74 Error 72 error C2275: 'HDC' : illegal use of this type as an expression c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2310 Error 76 error C2275: 'HDC' : illegal use of this type as an expression c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2310 Error 80 error C2275: 'HDC' : illegal use of this type as an expression c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2321 Error 84 error C2275: 'HDC' : illegal use of this type as an expression c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2321 Error 92 error C2275: 'HDC' : illegal use of this type as an expression c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 195 Error 100 error C2275: 'HDC' : illegal use of this type as an expression c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 212 Error 108 error C2275: 'HDC' : illegal use of this type as an expression c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 231 Error 60 error C2275: 'Gdiplus::MetafileHeader' : illegal use of this type as an expression c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2224 Error 67 error C2275: 'Gdiplus::GpMetafile' : illegal use of this type as an expression c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2262 Error 31 error C2275: 'Gdiplus::GpImage' : illegal use of this type as an expression c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1133 Error 37 error C2275: 'Gdiplus::GpImage' : illegal use of this type as an expression c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1139 Error 48 error C2275: 'Gdiplus::GpBitmap' : illegal use of this type as an expression c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1286 Error 54 error C2275: 'Gdiplus::GpBitmap' : illegal use of this type as an expression c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1292 Error 3 error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'IImageBytes' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusimaging.h 74 Error 6 error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'id' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusimaging.h 280 Error 73 error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'referenceHdc' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2310 Error 81 error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'referenceHdc' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2321 Error 93 error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'referenceHdc' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 195 Error 101 error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'referenceHdc' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 212 Error 109 error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'referenceHdc' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 231 Error 96 error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before '{' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 199 Error 104 error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before '{' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 218 Error 33 error C2078: too many initializers c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1133 Error 39 error C2078: too many initializers c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1139 Error 50 error C2078: too many initializers c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1286 Error 56 error C2078: too many initializers c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1292 Error 62 error C2078: too many initializers c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2224 Error 69 error C2078: too many initializers c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2262 Error 75 error C2078: too many initializers c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2310 Error 83 error C2078: too many initializers c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2321 Error 29 error C2065: 'stream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1133 Error 35 error C2065: 'stream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1139 Error 46 error C2065: 'stream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1286 Error 52 error C2065: 'stream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1292 Error 58 error C2065: 'stream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2222 Error 65 error C2065: 'stream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2262 Error 71 error C2065: 'stream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2309 Error 79 error C2065: 'stream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2320 Error 88 error C2065: 'stream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 75 Error 91 error C2065: 'stream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 194 Error 99 error C2065: 'stream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 211 Error 107 error C2065: 'stream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 230 Error 66 error C2065: 'metafile' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2262 Error 28 error C2065: 'IStream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1133 Error 34 error C2065: 'IStream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1139 Error 45 error C2065: 'IStream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1286 Error 51 error C2065: 'IStream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1292 Error 57 error C2065: 'IStream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2222 Error 64 error C2065: 'IStream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2262 Error 70 error C2065: 'IStream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2309 Error 78 error C2065: 'IStream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2320 Error 87 error C2065: 'IStream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 75 Error 90 error C2065: 'IStream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 194 Error 98 error C2065: 'IStream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 211 Error 106 error C2065: 'IStream' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 230 Error 30 error C2065: 'image' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1133 Error 36 error C2065: 'image' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1139 Error 59 error C2065: 'header' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2224 Error 47 error C2065: 'bitmap' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1286 Error 53 error C2065: 'bitmap' : undeclared identifier c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1292 Error 12 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'PROPID' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 443 Error 13 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'PROPID' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 444 Error 14 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'PROPID' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 445 Error 15 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'PROPID' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 453 Error 41 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'PROPID' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1244 Error 42 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'PROPID' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1247 Error 43 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'PROPID' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1250 Error 44 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'PROPID' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1262 Error 9 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'IStream' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 384 Error 10 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'IStream' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 395 Error 11 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'IStream' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 405 Error 17 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'IStream' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 505 Error 18 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'IStream' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 516 Error 19 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'IStream' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 758 Error 20 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'IStream' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 813 Error 22 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'IStream' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 820 Error 24 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'IStream' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 829 Error 26 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'IStream' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusheaders.h 855 Error 40 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'IStream' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 1156 Error 63 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'IStream' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2242 Error 86 error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'byte' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdipluspath.h 133 Error 5 error C2059: syntax error : 'public' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusimaging.h 74 Error 77 error C2059: syntax error : ')' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2316 Error 85 error C2059: syntax error : ')' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusflat.h 2327 Error 95 error C2059: syntax error : ')' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 198 Error 103 error C2059: syntax error : ')' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 217 Error 111 error C2059: syntax error : ')' c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v7.0\include\gdiplusmetafile.h 236 I tried updating my sdk to 7.0 but it did not help. I'm not even making any calls to the API. Thanks

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• iphone twitter posting

  - by user313100

  I have some twitter code I modified from: http://amanpages.com/sample-iphone-example-project/twitteragent-tutorial-tweet-from-iphone-app-in-one-line-code-with-auto-tinyurl/ His code used view alerts to login and post to twitter but I wanted to change mine to use windows. It is mostly working and I can login and post to Twitter. However, when I try to post a second time, the program crashes with a: Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '* -[NSCFString text]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0xc2d560' I'm a bit of a coding newbie so any help would be appreciated. If I need to post more code, ask. #import "TwitterController.h" #import "xmacros.h" #define XAGENTS_TWITTER_CONFIG_FILE DOC_PATH(@"xagents_twitter_conifg_file.plist") static TwitterController* agent; @implementation TwitterController BOOL isLoggedIn; @synthesize parentsv, sharedLink; -(id)init { self = [super init]; maxCharLength = 140; parentsv = nil; isLogged = NO; isLoggedIn = NO; txtMessage = [[UITextView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(30, 225, 250, 60)]; UIImageView* bg = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"fb_message_bg.png"]]; bg.frame = txtMessage.frame; lblCharLeft = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(15, 142, 250, 20)]; lblCharLeft.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:10.0f]; lblCharLeft.textAlignment = UITextAlignmentRight; lblCharLeft.textColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; lblCharLeft.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0 green:0 blue:0 alpha:0]; txtUsername = [[UITextField alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(125, 190, 150, 30)]; txtPassword = [[UITextField alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(125, 225, 150, 30)]; txtPassword.secureTextEntry = YES; lblId = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(15, 190, 100, 30)]; lblPassword = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(15, 225, 100, 30)]; lblTitle = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(80, 170, 190, 30)]; lblId.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0 green:0 blue:0 alpha:0]; lblPassword.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0 green:0 blue:0 alpha:0]; lblTitle.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0 green:0 blue:0 alpha:0]; lblId.textColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; lblPassword.textColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; lblTitle.textColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; txtMessage.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0 green:0 blue:0 alpha:0]; lblId.text = @"Username:"; lblPassword.text =@"Password:"; lblTitle.text = @"Tweet This Message"; lblId.textAlignment = UITextAlignmentRight; lblPassword.textAlignment = UITextAlignmentRight; lblTitle.textAlignment = UITextAlignmentCenter; txtUsername.borderStyle = UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect; txtPassword.borderStyle = UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect; txtMessage.delegate = self; txtUsername.delegate = self; txtPassword.delegate = self; login = [[UIButton alloc] init]; login = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect]; login.frame = CGRectMake(165, 300, 100, 30); [login setTitle:@"Login" forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [login addTarget:self action:@selector(onLogin) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; cancel = [[UIButton alloc] init]; cancel = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect]; cancel.frame = CGRectMake(45, 300, 100, 30); [cancel setTitle:@"Back" forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [cancel addTarget:self action:@selector(onCancel) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; post = [[UIButton alloc] init]; post = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect]; post.frame = CGRectMake(165, 300, 100, 30); [post setTitle:@"Post" forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [post addTarget:self action:@selector(onPost) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; back = [[UIButton alloc] init]; back = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect]; back.frame = CGRectMake(45, 300, 100, 30); [back setTitle:@"Back" forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [back addTarget:self action:@selector(onCancel) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; loading1 = [[UIActivityIndicatorView alloc] initWithActivityIndicatorStyle:UIActivityIndicatorViewStyleGray]; loading1.frame = CGRectMake(140, 375, 40, 40); loading1.hidesWhenStopped = YES; [loading1 stopAnimating]; loading2 = [[UIActivityIndicatorView alloc] initWithActivityIndicatorStyle:UIActivityIndicatorViewStyleGray]; loading2.frame = CGRectMake(140, 375, 40, 40); loading2.hidesWhenStopped = YES; [loading2 stopAnimating]; twitterWindow = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]]; [twitterWindow addSubview:txtUsername]; [twitterWindow addSubview:txtPassword]; [twitterWindow addSubview:lblId]; [twitterWindow addSubview:lblPassword]; [twitterWindow addSubview:login]; [twitterWindow addSubview:cancel]; [twitterWindow addSubview:loading1]; UIImageView* logo = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(35, 165, 48, 48)]; logo.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"Twitter_logo.png"]; [twitterWindow addSubview:logo]; [logo release]; twitterWindow2 = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]]; [twitterWindow2 addSubview:lblTitle]; [twitterWindow2 addSubview:lblCharLeft]; [twitterWindow2 addSubview:bg]; [twitterWindow2 addSubview:txtMessage]; [twitterWindow2 addSubview:lblURL]; [twitterWindow2 addSubview:post]; [twitterWindow2 addSubview:back]; [twitterWindow2 addSubview:loading2]; [twitterWindow2 bringSubviewToFront:txtMessage]; UIImageView* logo1 = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(35, 155, 42, 42)]; logo1.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"twitter-logo-twit.png"]; [twitterWindow2 addSubview:logo1]; [logo1 release]; twitterWindow.hidden = YES; twitterWindow2.hidden = YES; return self; } -(void) onStart { [[UIApplication sharedApplication]setStatusBarOrientation:UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait]; twitterWindow.hidden = NO; [twitterWindow makeKeyWindow]; [self refresh]; if(isLogged) { twitterWindow.hidden = YES; twitterWindow2.hidden = NO; [twitterWindow2 makeKeyWindow]; } } - (void)textFieldDidBeginEditing:(UITextField *)textField { [textField becomeFirstResponder]; } - (BOOL)textFieldShouldReturn:(UITextField *)textField { [textField resignFirstResponder]; return NO; } - (BOOL)textView:(UITextView *)textView shouldChangeTextInRange:(NSRange)range replacementText:(NSString *)text{ const char* str = [text UTF8String]; int s = str[0]; if(s!=0) if((range.location + range.length) > maxCharLength){ return NO; }else{ int left = 139 - ([sharedLink length] + [textView.text length]); lblCharLeft.text= [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",left]; // this fix was done by Jackie //http://amanpages.com/sample-iphone-example-project/twitteragent-tutorial-tweet-from-iphone-app-in-one-line-code-with-auto-tinyurl/#comment-38026299 if([text isEqualToString:@"\n"]){ [textView resignFirstResponder]; return FALSE; }else{ return YES; } } int left = 139 - ([sharedLink length] + [textView.text length]); lblCharLeft.text= [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",left]; return YES; } -(void) onLogin { [loading1 startAnimating]; NSString *postURL = @"http://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml"; NSString *myRequestString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@""]; NSData *myRequestData = [ NSData dataWithBytes: [ myRequestString UTF8String ] length: [ myRequestString length ] ]; NSMutableURLRequest *request = [ [ NSMutableURLRequest alloc ] initWithURL: [ NSURL URLWithString:postURL ] ]; [ request setHTTPMethod: @"POST" ]; [ request setHTTPBody: myRequestData ]; NSURLConnection *theConnection=[[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request delegate:self]; if (!theConnection) { UIAlertView* aler = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Network Error" message:@"Failed to Connect to twitter" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"Close" otherButtonTitles:nil]; [aler show]; [aler release]; } [request release]; } -(void) onCancel { [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setValue:@"NotActive" forKey:@"Twitter"]; twitterWindow.hidden = YES; [[UIApplication sharedApplication]setStatusBarOrientation:UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight]; } -(void) onPost { [loading2 startAnimating]; NSString *postURL = @"http://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml"; NSString *myRequestString; if(sharedLink){ myRequestString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"&status=%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\n%@",txtMessage.text,sharedLink]]; }else{ myRequestString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"&status=%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",txtMessage.text]]; } NSData *myRequestData = [ NSData dataWithBytes: [ myRequestString UTF8String ] length: [ myRequestString length ] ]; NSMutableURLRequest *request = [ [ NSMutableURLRequest alloc ] initWithURL: [ NSURL URLWithString:postURL ] ]; [ request setHTTPMethod: @"POST" ]; [ request setHTTPBody: myRequestData ]; NSURLConnection *theConnection=[[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request delegate:self]; if (!theConnection) { UIAlertView* aler = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Network Error" message:@"Failed to Connect to twitter" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"Close" otherButtonTitles:nil]; [aler show]; [aler release]; } [request release]; } - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error { // release the connection, and the data object [connection release]; if(isAuthFailed){ UIAlertView* aler = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Login Failed" message:@"Invalid ID/Password" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"Close" otherButtonTitles:nil]; [aler show]; [aler release]; }else{ UIAlertView* aler = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Connection Failed" message:@"Failed to connect to Twitter" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"Close" otherButtonTitles:nil]; [aler show]; [aler release]; } isAuthFailed = NO; } - (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection { isAuthFailed = NO; [loading1 stopAnimating]; [loading2 stopAnimating]; if(isLogged) { UIAlertView* aler = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Twitter" message:@"Tweet Posted!" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"Close" otherButtonTitles:nil]; [aler show]; [aler release]; txtMessage = @""; [self refresh]; } else { twitterWindow.hidden = YES; twitterWindow2.hidden = NO; [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:@"notifyTwitterLoggedIn" object:nil userInfo:nil]; } isLogged = YES; isLoggedIn = YES; } -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveAuthenticationChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge { NSDictionary* config = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:txtUsername.text,@"username",txtPassword.text,@"password",nil]; [config writeToFile:XAGENTS_TWITTER_CONFIG_FILE atomically:YES]; if ([challenge previousFailureCount] == 0) { NSURLCredential *newCredential; newCredential=[NSURLCredential credentialWithUser:txtUsername.text password:txtPassword.text persistence:NSURLCredentialPersistenceNone]; [[challenge sender] useCredential:newCredential forAuthenticationChallenge:challenge]; } else { isAuthFailed = YES; [[challenge sender] cancelAuthenticationChallenge:challenge]; } } -(void) refresh { NSDictionary* config = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:XAGENTS_TWITTER_CONFIG_FILE]; if(config){ NSString* uname = [config valueForKey:@"username"]; if(uname){ txtUsername.text = uname; } NSString* pw = [config valueForKey:@"password"]; if(pw){ txtPassword.text = pw; } } } + (TwitterController*)defaultAgent{ if(!agent){ agent = [TwitterController new]; } return agent; } -(void)dealloc { [super dealloc]; [txtMessage release]; [txtUsername release]; [txtPassword release]; [lblId release]; [lblPassword release]; [lblURL release]; [twitterWindow2 release]; [twitterWindow release]; } @end

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• A Linker Resolution Problem in a C++ Program

  - by Vlad

  We have two source files, a.cpp and b.cpp and a header file named constructions.h. We define a simple C++ class with the same name (class M, for instance) in each source file, respectively. The file a.cpp looks like this: #include "iostream" #include "constructions.h" class M { int i; public: M(): i( -1 ) { cout << "M() from a.cpp" << endl; } M( int a ) : i( a ) { cout << "M(int) from a.cpp, i: " << i << endl; } M( const M& b ) { i = b.i; cout << "M(M&) from a.cpp, i: " << i << endl; } M& operator = ( M& b ) { i = b.i; cout << "M::operator =(), i: " << i << endl; return *this; } virtual ~M(){ cout << "M::~M() from a.cpp" << endl; } operator int() { cout << "M::operator int() from a.cpp" << endl; return i; } }; void test1() { cout << endl << "Example 1" << endl; M b1; cout << "b1: " << b1 << endl; cout << endl << "Example 2" << endl; M b2 = 5; cout << "b2: " << b2 << endl; cout << endl << "Example 3" << endl; M b3(6); cout << "b3: " << b3 << endl; cout << endl << "Example 4" << endl; M b4 = b1; cout << "b4: " << b4 << endl; cout << endl << "Example 5" << endl; M b5; b5 = b2; cout << "b5: " << b5 << endl; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { test1(); test2(); cin.get(); return 0; } The file b.cpp looks like this: #include "iostream" #include "constructions.h" class M { public: M() { cout << "M() from b.cpp" << endl; } ~M() { cout << "M::~M() from b.cpp" << endl; } }; void test2() { M m; } Finally, the file constructions.h contains only the declaration of the function "test2()" (which is defined in "b.cpp"), so that it can be used in "a.cpp": using namespace std; void test2(); We compiled and linked these three files using either VS2005 or the GNU 4.1.0 compiler and the 2.16.91 ld linker under Suse. The results are surprising and different between the two build environments. But in both cases it looks like the linker gets confused about which definition of the class M it should use. If we comment out the definition of test2() from b.cpp and its invocation from a.cpp, then all the C++ objects created in test1() are of the type M defined in a.cpp and the program executes normally under Windows and Suse. Here is the run output under Windows: Example 1 M() from a.cpp M::operator int() from a.cpp b1: -1 Example 2 M(int) from a.cpp, i: 5 M::operator int() from a.cpp b2: 5 Example 3 M(int) from a.cpp, i: 6 M::operator int() from a.cpp b3: 6 Example 4 M(M&) from a.cpp, i: -1 M::operator int() from a.cpp b4: -1 Example 5 M() from a.cpp M::operator =(), i: 5 M::operator int() from a.cpp b5: 5 M::~M() from a.cpp M::~M() from a.cpp M::~M() from a.cpp M::~M() from a.cpp M::~M() from a.cpp If we enable the definition of test2() in "b.cpp" but comment out its invocation from main(), then the results are different. Under Suse, the C++ objects created in test1() are still of the type M defined in a.cpp and the program still seems to execute normally. The VS2005 versions behave differently in Debug or Release mode: in Debug mode, the program still seems to execute normally, but in Release mode, b1 and b5 are of the type M defined in b.cpp (as the constructor invocation proves), although the other member functions called (including the destructor), belong to M defined in a.cpp. Here is the run output for the executable built in Release mode: Example 1 M() from b.cpp M::operator int() from a.cpp b1: 4206872 Example 2 M(int) from a.cpp, i: 5 M::operator int() from a.cpp b2: 5 Example 3 M(int) from a.cpp, i: 6 M::operator int() from a.cpp b3: 6 Example 4 M(M&) from a.cpp, i: 4206872 M::operator int() from a.cpp b4: 4206872 Example 5 M() from b.cpp M::operator =(), i: 5 M::operator int() from a.cpp b5: 5 M::~M() from a.cpp M::~M() from a.cpp M::~M() from a.cpp M::~M() from a.cpp M::~M() from a.cpp Finally, if we allow the call to test2() from main, the program misbehaves in all circumstances (that is under Suse and under Windows in both Debug and Release modes). The Windows-Debug version finds a memory corruption around the variable m, defined in test2(). Here is the Windows output in Release mode (test2() seems to have created an instance of M defined in b.cpp): Example 1 M() from b.cpp M::operator int() from a.cpp b1: 4206872 Example 2 M(int) from a.cpp, i: 5 M::operator int() from a.cpp b2: 5 Example 3 M(int) from a.cpp, i: 6 M::operator int() from a.cpp b3: 6 Example 4 M(M&) from a.cpp, i: 4206872 M::operator int() from a.cpp b4: 4206872 Example 5 M() from b.cpp M::operator =(), i: 5 M::operator int() from a.cpp b5: 5 M::~M() from a.cpp M::~M() from a.cpp M::~M() from a.cpp M::~M() from a.cpp M::~M() from a.cpp M() from b.cpp M::~M() from b.cpp And here is the Suse output. The objects created in test1() are of the type M defined in a.cpp but the object created in test2() is also of the type M defined in a.cpp, unlike the object created under Windows which is of the type M defined in b.cpp. The program crashed in the end: Example 1 M() from a.cpp M::operator int() from a.cpp b1: -1 Example 2 M(int) from a.cpp, i: 5 M::operator int() from a.cpp b2: 5 Example 3 M(int) from a.cpp, i: 6 M::operator int() from a.cpp b3: 6 Example 4 M(M&) from a.cpp, i: -1 M::operator int() from a.cpp b4: -1 Example 5 M() from a.cpp M::operator =(), i: 5 M::operator int() from a.cpp b5: 5 M::~M() from a.cpp M::~M() from a.cpp M::~M() from a.cpp M::~M() from a.cpp M::~M() from a.cpp M() from a.cpp M::~M() from a.cpp Segmentation fault (core dumped) I couldn't make the angle brackets appear using Markdown, so I used quotes around the header file name iostream. Otherwise, the code could be copied verbatim and tried. It is purely scholastic. The statement cin.get() at the end of main() was included just to facilitate running the program directly from VS2005 (cause it to display the output window until we could analyze the output). We are looking for a software engineer in Sunnyvale, CA and may offer that position to the programmer capable of providing an intelligent and comprehensive explanation of these anomalies. I can be contacted at [email protected].

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• lnk2019 error in very simple c++ program

  - by Erin

  I have tried removing various parts and building, but nothing makes the lnk2019 error go away, or even produces any normal errors. Everything is in the one file at the moment (it won't be later when it is finished). The program has three lists of words and makes a jargon phrase out of them, and you are supposed to be able to add words, remove words, view the lists, restore defaults, save changes to file, and load changes from file. #include "stdafx.h" #include <iostream> #include <string.h> using namespace std; const int maxlist = 20; string adj1[maxlist], adj2[maxlist], noun[maxlist]; void defaultlist(int list) { if(list == 1) { adj1[0] = "green"; adj1[1] = "red"; adj1[2] = "yellow"; adj1[3] = "blue"; adj1[4] = "purple"; int i = 5; while(i != maxlist) { adj1[i] = ""; i = i + 1; } } if(list == 2) { adj2[0] = "shiny"; adj2[1] = "hard"; adj2[2] = "soft"; adj2[3] = "spiky"; adj2[4] = "furry"; int i = 5; while(i != maxlist) { adj2[i] = ""; i = i + 1; } } if(list == 3) { noun[0] = "cat"; noun[1] = "dog"; noun[2] = "desk"; noun[3] = "chair"; noun[4] = "door"; int i = 5; while(i != maxlist) { noun[i] = ""; i = i + 1; } } return; } void printlist(int list) { if(list == 1) { int i = 0; while(!(i == maxlist)) { cout << adj1[i] << endl; i = i + 1; } } if(list == 2) { int i = 0; while(!(i == maxlist)) { cout << adj2[i] << endl; i = i + 1; } } if(list == 3) { int i = 0; while(!(i == maxlist)) { cout << noun[i] << endl; i = i + 1; } } return; } string makephrase() { int num1 = rand()%maxlist; int num2 = rand()%maxlist; int num3 = rand()%maxlist; int num4 = rand()%1; string word1, word2, word3; if(num4 = 0) { word1 = adj1[num1]; word2 = adj2[num2]; } else { word1 = adj2[num1]; word2 = adj1[num2]; } word3 = noun[num3]; return word1 + " ," + word2 + " " + word3; } string addword(string word, int list) { string result; if(list == 1) { int i = 0; while(!(adj1[i] == "" || i == maxlist)) { i = i + 1; } if(i == maxlist) result = "List is full. Please try again."; if(adj1[i] == "") { adj1[i] = word; result = "Word was entered successfully."; } } if(list == 2) { int i = 0; while(!(adj2[i] == "" || i == maxlist)) { i = i + 1; } if(i == maxlist) result = "List is full. Please try again."; if(adj2[i] == "") { adj2[i] = word; result = "Word was entered successfully."; } } if(list == 3) { int i = 0; while(!(noun[i] == "" || i == maxlist)) { i = i + 1; } if(i == maxlist) result = "List is full. Please try again."; if(noun[i] == "") { noun[i] = word; result = "Word was entered successfully."; } } return result; } string removeword(string word, int list) { string result; if(list == 1) { int i = 0; while(!(adj1[i] == word || i == maxlist)) { i = i + 1; } if(i == maxlist) result = "Word is not on the list. Please try again."; if(adj1[i] == word) { adj1[i] = ""; result = "Word was removed successfully."; } } if(list == 2) { int i = 0; while(!(adj2[i] == word || i == maxlist)) { i = i + 1; } if(i == maxlist) result = "Word is not on the list. Please try again."; if(adj2[i] == word) { adj2[i] = ""; result = "Word was removed successfully."; } } if(list == 3) { int i = 0; while(!(noun[i] == word || i == maxlist)) { i = i + 1; } if(i == maxlist) result = "Word is not on the list. Please try again."; if(noun[i] == word) { noun[i] = ""; result = "Word was removed successfully."; } } return result; } /////////////////////////////main/////////////////////////////////// int main() { string mainselection; string makeselection; string phrase; defaultlist(1); defaultlist(2); defaultlist(3); cout << "This program generates jargon phrases made of two adjectives and one noun,"; cout << " on three lists. Each list may contain a maximum of " << maxlist << "elements."; cout << " Please choose from the following menu by typing the appropriate number "; cout << "and pressing enter." << endl; cout << endl; cout << "1. Make a jargon phrase." << endl; cout << "2. View a list." << endl; cout << "3. Add a word to a list." << endl; cout << "4. Remove a word from a list." << endl; cout << "5. Restore default lists." << endl; cout << "More options coming soon!." << endl; cin mainselection if(mainselection == 1) { phrase = makephrase(); cout << "Your phrase is " << phrase << "." << endl; cout << "To make another phrase, press 1. To go back to the main menu,"; cout << " press 2. To exit the program, press 3." << endl; cin makeselection; while(!(makeselection == "1" || makeselection == "2" || makeselection == "3")) { cout << "You have entered an invalid selection. Please try again." << endl; cin makeselection; } while(makeselection == "1") { phrase = makephrase(); cout << "To make another phrase, press 1. To go back to the main menu,"; cout << " press 2. To exit the program, press 3." << endl; } if(makeselection == "2") main(); if(makeselection == "3") return 0; } return 0; } //Rest of the options coming soon!

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• symbolicatecrash - space in bundle name preventing method names to be show in the crash report

  - by Brett Hamlin

  I'm trying to debug a crash but when I run symbolicatecrash against my crash log I get every method call in the stack trace except for my method calls. Here is the crash report: Incident Identifier: C3A58923-5D49-4767-A3C2-3AFFEF00DFEF CrashReporter Key: 165f7337feeb98394ab7477fc0b7280d14a16e43 Hardware Model: iPad1,1 Process: Log Jam [2862] Path: /var/mobile/Applications/625E17A7-F0FF-4109-9E62-99FE8D6C6889/Log Jam.app/Log Jam Identifier: Log Jam Version: ??? (???) Code Type: ARM (Native) Parent Process: launchd [1] Date/Time: 2010-12-13 23:31:20.762 -0500 OS Version: iPhone OS 4.2.1 (8C148) Report Version: 104 Exception Type: EXC_CRASH (SIGABRT) Exception Codes: 0x00000000, 0x00000000 Crashed Thread: 0 Thread 0 Crashed: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d7c2d4 __kill + 8 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d7c2c4 kill + 4 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d7c2b6 raise + 10 3 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d90d72 abort + 50 4 libstdc++.6.dylib 0x34981a20 __gnu_cxx::__verbose_terminate_handler() + 376 5 libobjc.A.dylib 0x34a83594 _objc_terminate + 104 6 libstdc++.6.dylib 0x3497fdf2 __cxxabiv1::__terminate(void (*)()) + 46 7 libstdc++.6.dylib 0x3497fe46 std::terminate() + 10 8 libstdc++.6.dylib 0x3497ff16 __cxa_throw + 78 9 libobjc.A.dylib 0x34a824c4 objc_exception_throw + 64 10 CoreFoundation 0x3587a7c2 +[NSException raise:format:arguments:] + 62 11 CoreFoundation 0x3587a7fc +[NSException raise:format:] + 28 12 QuartzCore 0x31071222 CALayerSetPosition(CALayer*, CA::Vec2<double> const&, bool) + 134 13 QuartzCore 0x31071190 -[CALayer setPosition:] + 32 14 QuartzCore 0x310710dc -[CALayer setFrame:] + 384 15 UIKit 0x341aa0e2 -[UIView(Geometry) setFrame:] + 182 16 UIKit 0x341aad64 -[UILabel setFrame:] + 204 17 Log Jam 0x00052dec 0x1000 + 335340 18 Log Jam 0x0004934c 0x1000 + 295756 19 Log Jam 0x00048ffa 0x1000 + 294906 20 UIKit 0x341ef630 -[UINavigationController _startTransition:fromViewController:toViewController:] + 604 21 UIKit 0x341ef358 -[UINavigationController _startDeferredTransitionIfNeeded] + 176 22 UIKit 0x341e30be -[UINavigationController pushViewController:transition:forceImmediate:] + 634 23 UIKit 0x341e2e34 -[UINavigationController pushViewController:animated:] + 28 24 Log Jam 0x0002f792 0x1000 + 190354 25 UIKit 0x3420b834 -[UITableView _selectRowAtIndexPath:animated:scrollPosition:notifyDelegate:] + 656 26 UIKit 0x342cb60c -[UITableView _userSelectRowAtPendingSelectionIndexPath:] + 124 27 Foundation 0x31181df6 __NSFireDelayedPerform + 362 28 CoreFoundation 0x3583109c __CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_TIMER_CALLBACK_FUNCTION__ + 8 29 CoreFoundation 0x35830b54 __CFRunLoopDoTimer + 844 30 CoreFoundation 0x358021ae __CFRunLoopRun + 1082 31 CoreFoundation 0x35801c80 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 224 32 CoreFoundation 0x35801b88 CFRunLoopRunInMode + 52 33 GraphicsServices 0x320c84a4 GSEventRunModal + 108 34 GraphicsServices 0x320c8550 GSEventRun + 56 35 UIKit 0x341dc322 -[UIApplication _run] + 406 36 UIKit 0x341d9e8c UIApplicationMain + 664 37 Log Jam 0x00002172 0x1000 + 4466 38 Log Jam 0x0000213c 0x1000 + 4412 Thread 1: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d30974 kevent + 24 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30dda704 _dispatch_mgr_invoke + 88 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30dda174 _dispatch_queue_invoke + 96 3 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30dd9b98 _dispatch_worker_thread2 + 120 4 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d7e24a _pthread_wqthread + 258 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d76970 start_wqthread + 0 Thread 2: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d7e9e0 __workq_kernreturn + 8 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d7e364 _pthread_wqthread + 540 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d76970 start_wqthread + 0 Thread 3: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d04268 mach_msg_trap + 20 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d06354 mach_msg + 44 2 CoreFoundation 0x35802648 __CFRunLoopServiceMachPort + 88 3 CoreFoundation 0x35801ed2 __CFRunLoopRun + 350 4 CoreFoundation 0x35801c80 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 224 5 CoreFoundation 0x35801b88 CFRunLoopRunInMode + 52 6 WebCore 0x34bf6124 RunWebThread(void*) + 332 7 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d7d886 _pthread_start + 242 8 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d72a88 thread_start + 0 Thread 4: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d04268 mach_msg_trap + 20 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d06354 mach_msg + 44 2 AudioToolbox 0x33c0eb96 AURemoteIO::IOThread::Entry(void*) + 54 3 AudioToolbox 0x33b4a1d2 CAPThread::Entry(CAPThread*) + 138 4 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d7d886 _pthread_start + 242 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d72a88 thread_start + 0 Thread 5: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d04268 mach_msg_trap + 20 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d06354 mach_msg + 44 2 CoreFoundation 0x35802648 __CFRunLoopServiceMachPort + 88 3 CoreFoundation 0x35801ed2 __CFRunLoopRun + 350 4 CoreFoundation 0x35801c80 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 224 5 CoreFoundation 0x35801b88 CFRunLoopRunInMode + 52 6 Foundation 0x3118e5f6 +[NSURLConnection(NSURLConnectionReallyInternal) _resourceLoadLoop:] + 206 7 Foundation 0x3116c192 -[NSThread main] + 38 8 Foundation 0x31165242 __NSThread__main__ + 966 9 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d7d886 _pthread_start + 242 10 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d72a88 thread_start + 0 Thread 6: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d2868c select$DARWIN_EXTSN + 20 1 CoreFoundation 0x35839662 __CFSocketManager + 582 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d7d886 _pthread_start + 242 3 libSystem.B.dylib 0x30d72a88 thread_start + 0 Thread 0 crashed with ARM Thread State: r0: 0x00000000 r1: 0x00000000 r2: 0x00000001 r3: 0x3e3d52e8 r4: 0x00000006 r5: 0x3497f989 r6: 0x03b74ccc r7: 0x2fdfe3ac r8: 0x00000000 r9: 0x00000065 r10: 0x00236e70 r11: 0x344b5cd8 ip: 0x00000025 sp: 0x2fdfe3ac lr: 0x30d7c2cb pc: 0x30d7c2d4 cpsr: 0x000f0010 Binary Images: 0x1000 - 0xabfff +Log Jam armv7 <467edd9ddbc1a52a6bb7009036bc5360> /var/mobile/Applications/625E17A7-F0FF-4109-9E62-99FE8D6C6889/Log Jam.app/Log Jam 0x1ed000 - 0x1eefff dns.so armv7 <fcefecb2d5e095ba88127eec3af57ec0> /usr/lib/info/dns.so 0x2fe00000 - 0x2fe27fff dyld armv7 <06e6959cebb4a72e66c833e26ae64d26> /usr/lib/dyld 0x3001f000 - 0x30026fff libbz2.1.0.dylib armv7 <2989ea7a5cad2cfe91bd632b041d0ff4> /usr/lib/libbz2.1.0.dylib 0x30054000 - 0x3016afff libicucore.A.dylib armv7 <e7fbb2ac586567e574dc33d7bb5c4dc9> /usr/lib/libicucore.A.dylib 0x301cd000 - 0x302b6fff AudioCodecs armv7 <be315c1e4982718460819fb240042952> /System/Library/Frameworks/AudioToolbox.framework/AudioCodecs 0x302b7000 - 0x30366fff WebKit armv7 <644a1c6120578f896bed7121307aa2af> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/WebKit.framework/WebKit 0x30367000 - 0x3037dfff EAP8021X armv7 <36659ec2b9def7b5798a05327e369247> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/EAP8021X.framework/EAP8021X 0x303fc000 - 0x3051cfff CoreGraphics armv7 <2d7b40a7baca915ce78b1dd9a0d6433b> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreGraphics.framework/CoreGraphics 0x3056b000 - 0x3056bfff vecLib armv7 <e53d234e808c77d286161095f92c58cf> /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/vecLib 0x30641000 - 0x30700fff CFNetwork armv7 <02fe0e30e54fffdcbbbd02e8cb812c3a> /System/Library/Frameworks/CFNetwork.framework/CFNetwork 0x3075b000 - 0x3076efff libmis.dylib armv7 <855aefc263c6c20e6cf8723ea36125a2> /usr/lib/libmis.dylib 0x3076f000 - 0x307c4fff libvDSP.dylib armv7 <9365fc6cae1bff737257e74faf3b1f26> /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/libvDSP.dylib 0x307d8000 - 0x307defff StoreKit armv7 <f44ec361fe53962128632c6f3afd869b> /System/Library/Frameworks/StoreKit.framework/StoreKit 0x307e6000 - 0x307e8fff libgcc_s.1.dylib armv7 <e66758bcda6da5d7f9b54fa5c4de6da2> /usr/lib/libgcc_s.1.dylib 0x30811000 - 0x30813fff CrashReporterSupport armv7 <30a5f1edcdb9ffe868a620199a4cbe12> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/CrashReporterSupport.framework/CrashReporterSupport 0x30821000 - 0x30853fff AppSupport armv7 <47c8055ac99f187174ca373b702ffa68> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/AppSupport.framework/AppSupport 0x30854000 - 0x30854fff Accelerate armv7 <29dd5f17440bbb6e8e42e11b6fceda9a> /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Accelerate 0x3091c000 - 0x30931fff libresolv.9.dylib armv7 <ea156820997ae9a2baf664d0f79f18d7> /usr/lib/libresolv.9.dylib 0x30b44000 - 0x30b46fff IOMobileFramebuffer armv7 <1040629f37795146c9dcac8ab1a868fc> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/IOMobileFramebuffer.framework/IOMobileFramebuffer 0x30c45000 - 0x30c74fff SystemConfiguration armv7 <3f982c11b5526fc39a92d585c60d8a90> /System/Library/Frameworks/SystemConfiguration.framework/SystemConfiguration 0x30c78000 - 0x30c8dfff OpenAL armv7 <8ea22c729b71c6e7e19566b91a03afd2> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenAL.framework/OpenAL 0x30c8e000 - 0x30c98fff AccountSettings armv7 <19c79f81d5d55fe2e6b618fcdc28258e> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/AccountSettings.framework/AccountSettings 0x30d03000 - 0x30e14fff libSystem.B.dylib armv7 <138a43ab528bb428651e6aa7a2a7293c> /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib 0x30e16000 - 0x30e28fff PersistentConnection armv7 <cd2a699aa5036bdad0517603ba4db839> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/PersistentConnection.framework/PersistentConnection 0x30e37000 - 0x30f1ffff libGLProgrammability.dylib armv7 <1f478a71783cd7eb4ae9ef6f2dcea803> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGLES.framework/libGLProgrammability.dylib 0x30f20000 - 0x30f2bfff libz.1.dylib armv7 <fabaddbcbc8c02bab0261df9d78e0e25> /usr/lib/libz.1.dylib 0x30fc4000 - 0x31065fff Celestial armv7 <b411f4662383ec24dbfbcde8f4c23d67> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Celestial.framework/Celestial 0x31066000 - 0x31114fff QuartzCore armv7 <83a8e5f0033369e437069c1e758fed83> /System/Library/Frameworks/QuartzCore.framework/QuartzCore 0x31161000 - 0x31280fff Foundation armv7 <81d36041f04318cb51db5aafed9ce504> /System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Foundation 0x312af000 - 0x312b4fff libMobileGestalt.dylib armv7 <5f73c7138ee1cb7103a98aec99f9ed88> /usr/lib/libMobileGestalt.dylib 0x312c3000 - 0x31306fff ManagedConfiguration armv7 <27ac7f05482a8aa9977150f34f9be6eb> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/ManagedConfiguration.framework/ManagedConfiguration 0x31307000 - 0x31347fff CoreAudio armv7 <f32e03ee4c68f0db23f05afc9a3cc94c> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreAudio.framework/CoreAudio 0x31429000 - 0x3142cfff ApplePushService armv7 <9d1eb7b11f0f146c941efbab2c055606> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/ApplePushService.framework/ApplePushService 0x318b5000 - 0x318d5fff PrintKit armv7 <02a9c6f4173a0673c4637a3b570345cd> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/PrintKit.framework/PrintKit 0x31bd9000 - 0x31c02fff MobileCoreServices armv7 <54484a513761868149405df7fc29b5c0> /System/Library/Frameworks/MobileCoreServices.framework/MobileCoreServices 0x31c5e000 - 0x31c66fff MobileBluetooth armv7 <6d6c62f52219d27be50f1d7c39a68dc6> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/MobileBluetooth.framework/MobileBluetooth 0x31c68000 - 0x31c6bfff CaptiveNetwork armv7 <a2af7147f5538d7669b14fa7b19b5a7c> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/CaptiveNetwork.framework/CaptiveNetwork 0x31c6d000 - 0x31d16fff libxml2.2.dylib armv7 <b3d82f80a777cb1434052ea2d232e3df> /usr/lib/libxml2.2.dylib 0x31d29000 - 0x31d2cfff IOSurface armv7 <deff02882166bf16d0765d68f0542cc8> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/IOSurface.framework/IOSurface 0x31d2d000 - 0x31d2ffff MobileInstallation armv7 <8e6b0d9f642be06729ffdaaee97053b0> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/MobileInstallation.framework/MobileInstallation 0x31d46000 - 0x31d4dfff AggregateDictionary armv7 <71372c95d4af7af787d0682a939e40ac> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/AggregateDictionary.framework/AggregateDictionary 0x31e09000 - 0x31e4bfff CoreTelephony armv7 <96d3af505b9f2887e62c7e99c157733e> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreTelephony.framework/CoreTelephony 0x320c4000 - 0x320d0fff GraphicsServices armv7 <0099670dccd99466653956bf918d667a> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/GraphicsServices.framework/GraphicsServices 0x33ae9000 - 0x33aebfff libAccessibility.dylib armv7 <3f0b58ea13d30f0cdb73f6ffe6d4e75c> /usr/lib/libAccessibility.dylib 0x33b49000 - 0x33c82fff AudioToolbox armv7 <657b327f2ceee9f22f9474f2f9bddbe6> /System/Library/Frameworks/AudioToolbox.framework/AudioToolbox 0x33cf8000 - 0x33d29fff VideoToolbox armv7 <bb7ff9014b1dabec2acce95d41f05b59> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/VideoToolbox.framework/VideoToolbox 0x33d2c000 - 0x33d2ffff libGFXShared.dylib armv7 <3a385ed495379116abbe50bc8cd5a612> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGLES.framework/libGFXShared.dylib 0x33d30000 - 0x33d31fff CoreSurface armv7 <f7caaf43609cfe0e475dfe83790edb4d> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/CoreSurface.framework/CoreSurface 0x33d61000 - 0x33d7afff libRIP.A.dylib armv7 <ee16b5cee12a8947c8e511ed51ae7fef> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreGraphics.framework/Resources/libRIP.A.dylib 0x340dc000 - 0x34112fff CoreText armv7 <b9b5c21b2d2a28abc47842c78c026ddf> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreText.framework/CoreText 0x3415c000 - 0x3418ffff AddressBook armv7 <7c87e0175c8649d6832419da8a1cfac1> /System/Library/Frameworks/AddressBook.framework/AddressBook 0x341a5000 - 0x34526fff UIKit armv7 <de1cbd3219a74e4d41b30428f428e223> /System/Library/Frameworks/UIKit.framework/UIKit 0x34527000 - 0x345bafff ImageIO armv7 <5b5a294d4250eff866fdbf891b1e8b34> /System/Library/Frameworks/ImageIO.framework/ImageIO 0x345ca000 - 0x34607fff CoreMedia armv7 <4ea4d349e886206d1ecf5bae870f3f04> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreMedia.framework/CoreMedia 0x34632000 - 0x34636fff AssetsLibraryServices armv7 <e861a330d14702f148ca5133dcbe954c> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/AssetsLibraryServices.framework/AssetsLibraryServices 0x34637000 - 0x34774fff MediaToolbox armv7 <a18bbcc41a38917fe0ae5e183d3f6b07> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/MediaToolbox.framework/MediaToolbox 0x34775000 - 0x34822fff JavaScriptCore armv7 <3f2df600942dc72aad312b3cc98ec479> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/JavaScriptCore.framework/JavaScriptCore 0x34852000 - 0x3485bfff CoreVideo armv7 <2092d5deb6b234e04678b7c1878ccd81> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreVideo.framework/CoreVideo 0x3492e000 - 0x3493afff SpringBoardServices armv7 <137b75e19b2450c234dec88d538798ff> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/SpringBoardServices.framework/SpringBoardServices 0x3493d000 - 0x34987fff libstdc++.6.dylib armv7 <53a6e7239c3908fa8c2915b65ff3b056> /usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib 0x34a7d000 - 0x34b3efff libobjc.A.dylib armv7 <aaf5671a35f9ac20d5846703dafaf4c6> /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib 0x34b3f000 - 0x35127fff WebCore armv7 <d6bd9cf88ee82ab6b0e33e0ae1190772> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/WebCore.framework/WebCore 0x3520f000 - 0x352fcfff libiconv.2.dylib armv7 <c72b45f471df092dbd849081f7a3ef53> /usr/lib/libiconv.2.dylib 0x353e7000 - 0x353ecfff MobileKeyBag armv7 <cec3f3271fc267c32c169ed03e312d63> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/MobileKeyBag.framework/MobileKeyBag 0x3549d000 - 0x354d5fff libCGFreetype.A.dylib armv7 <374bd566263e8929c10d50d6a6a48a46> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreGraphics.framework/Resources/libCGFreetype.A.dylib 0x35553000 - 0x35560fff OpenGLES armv7 <a12565ffb5bb42e3019f1957cd4951d0> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGLES.framework/OpenGLES 0x355b6000 - 0x355bcfff liblockdown.dylib armv7 <5bbd9b3f5cfece328f80c403a8805ce9> /usr/lib/liblockdown.dylib 0x357da000 - 0x358c0fff CoreFoundation armv7 <01441e01f5141a50ee723362e59ca400> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation 0x35992000 - 0x3599ffff libbsm.0.dylib armv7 <0f4e595e6eb2170aceb729f32b5de8c2> /usr/lib/libbsm.0.dylib 0x35b60000 - 0x35babfff libBLAS.dylib armv7 <251c5ac7380802a16e30d827c027c637> /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/libBLAS.dylib 0x35bac000 - 0x35e46fff libLAPACK.dylib armv7 <2e77d87e96af938aacf0a6008e6fb89d> /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/libLAPACK.dylib 0x35fca000 - 0x35fd2fff MobileWiFi armv7 <b29d4c5e300ef81060e38f72bb583c02> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/MobileWiFi.framework/MobileWiFi 0x3601b000 - 0x3603afff Bom armv7 <0f5fd6057bad5e1677869500d636821f> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Bom.framework/Bom 0x3603b000 - 0x3603cfff DataMigration armv7 <babbc72d4d48325de147d5103d7bc00d> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/DataMigration.framework/DataMigration 0x3603d000 - 0x360acfff ProofReader armv7 <d2e62a8ab7e1460c7f6de8913c703e6d> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/ProofReader.framework/ProofReader 0x360ad000 - 0x36129fff AVFoundation armv7 <4c7356c795e01bd5c21b00a409a07476> /System/Library/Frameworks/AVFoundation.framework/AVFoundation 0x3612f000 - 0x36137fff libkxld.dylib armv7 <854e82fe66feef01e54c7c8a209851ac> /usr/lib/system/libkxld.dylib 0x36138000 - 0x3616ffff Security armv7 <cd28e102950634ae7167ddee9c686d36> /System/Library/Frameworks/Security.framework/Security 0x36170000 - 0x361bdfff libsqlite3.dylib armv7 <55038e5c1d4d0dbdd94295e8cad7a9a4> /usr/lib/libsqlite3.dylib 0x361be000 - 0x361f8fff IOKit armv7 <eb932cc42d60e55d9a4d0691bcc3d9ad> /System/Library/Frameworks/IOKit.framework/Versions/A/IOKit 0x3623f000 - 0x3627efff libGLImage.dylib armv7 <a7c117c92607a512823d307b8fdd0151> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGLES.framework/libGLImage.dylib As you can see, its not very helpful :-( Any help symbolicating this report would be much appreciated.

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