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• Server configurations for hosting MySQL database

  - by shyam

  I have a web application which uses a MySQL database hosted on a virtual server. I've been using this server when I started the application and when the database was really small. Now it has grown and the server is not able to handle the db, causing frequent db errors. I'm planning to get a server and I need suggestions for that. Like I said, the db is now 9 GB, and is growing considerably fast. There are a number of tables with millions of rows, which are frequently updated and queried. The most frequent error the db shows is Lock wait timeout exceeded. Previously there used to be "The total number of locks exceeds the lock table size" errors too, but I could avoid it by increasing Innodb buffer pool size. Please suggest what configurations should I look for in the server I should buy. I read somewhere that the db should ideally have a buffer pool size greater than the size of its data, so in my case I guess I'd need memory gt 9 GB. What other things should I look for in the server? Just tell me if I should give you more info about the

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• Using smartctl to get vendor specific Attributes from ssd drive behind a SmartArray P410 controller

  - by Lairsdragon

  Recently I have deployed some HP server with SSD's behind a SmartArray P410 controller. While not official supported from HP the server work well sofar. Now I like to get wear level info's, error statistics etc from the drive. While the SA P410 supports a passthru of the SMART Command to a single drive in the array the output I was not able to the the interesting things from the drive. In this case especially the value the Wear level indicator is from interest for me (Attr.ID 233), but this is ony present if the drive is directly attanched to a SATA Controller. smartctl on directly connected ssd: # smartctl -A /dev/sda smartctl version 5.38 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 5 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0000 100 000 000 Old_age Offline In_the_past 0 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0000 100 000 000 Old_age Offline In_the_past 0 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 8561 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 55 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 29 232 Unknown_Attribute 0x0003 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0 233 Unknown_Attribute 0x0002 088 088 000 Old_age Always - 0 225 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0000 198 198 000 Old_age Offline - 508509 226 Load-in_Time 0x0002 255 000 000 Old_age Always In_the_past 0 227 Torq-amp_Count 0x0002 000 000 000 Old_age Always FAILING_NOW 0 228 Power-off_Retract_Count 0x0002 000 000 000 Old_age Always FAILING_NOW 0 smartctl on P410 connected ssd: # ./smartctl -A -d cciss,0 /dev/cciss/c1d0 smartctl 5.39.1 2010-01-28 r3054 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-10 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net (Right, it is complety empty) smartctl on P410 connected hdd: # ./smartctl -A -d cciss,0 /dev/cciss/c0d0 smartctl 5.39.1 2010-01-28 r3054 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-10 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net Current Drive Temperature: 27 C Drive Trip Temperature: 68 C Vendor (Seagate) cache information Blocks sent to initiator = 1871654030 Blocks received from initiator = 1360012929 Blocks read from cache and sent to initiator = 2178203797 Number of read and write commands whose size <= segment size = 46052239 Number of read and write commands whose size > segment size = 0 Vendor (Seagate/Hitachi) factory information number of hours powered up = 3363.25 number of minutes until next internal SMART test = 12 Do I hunt here a bug, or is this a limitation of the p410 SMART cmd Passthru?

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• Linux RAID-0 performance doesn't scale up over 1 GB/s

  - by wazoox

  I have trouble getting the max throughput out of my setup. The hardware is as follow : dual Quad-Core AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 2376 16 GB DDR2 ECC RAM dual Adaptec 52245 RAID controllers 48 1 TB SATA drives set up as 2 RAID-6 arrays (256KB stripe) + spares. Software : Plain vanilla 2.6.32.25 kernel, compiled for AMD-64, optimized for NUMA; Debian Lenny userland. benchmarks run : disktest, bonnie++, dd, etc. All give the same results. No discrepancy here. io scheduler used : noop. Yeah, no trick here. Up until now I basically assumed that striping (RAID 0) several physical devices should augment performance roughly linearly. However this is not the case here : each RAID array achieves about 780 MB/s write, sustained, and 1 GB/s read, sustained. writing to both RAID arrays simultaneously with two different processes gives 750 + 750 MB/s, and reading from both gives 1 + 1 GB/s. however when I stripe both arrays together, using either mdadm or lvm, the performance is about 850 MB/s writing and 1.4 GB/s reading. at least 30% less than expected! running two parallel writer or reader processes against the striped arrays doesn't enhance the figures, in fact it degrades performance even further. So what's happening here? Basically I ruled out bus or memory contention, because when I run dd on both drives simultaneously, aggregate write speed actually reach 1.5 GB/s and reading speed tops 2 GB/s. So it's not the PCIe bus. I suppose it's not the RAM. It's not the filesystem, because I get exactly the same numbers benchmarking against the raw device or using XFS. And I also get exactly the same performance using either LVM striping and md striping. What's wrong? What's preventing a process from going up to the max possible throughput? Is Linux striping defective? What other tests could I run?

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• 16TB Volumes and SNMP On Windows

  - by John K

  As volumes larger than 16TB became more common, it was recognized that the 32 bit value used to report disk size and usage within the standard "HOST-RESOURCES" MIB in SNMP was not large enough to report the proper disk size. Net-SNMP seems to have addressed this issue by simply manipulating the value of "AllocationUnits" to maintain a 32 bit value for disk utilization (since total disk size/usage is equal to the 32 bit space value times the allocation unit), to allow for the calculation of a volume larger than 8/16TB. Presuming you don't have any reporting interest in the allocation unit, this seems like a fine solution. https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=654384 Window's built in SNMP service, however, seems to continue to suffer from this error, simply reporting the modulo of the used/assigned disk space, resulting in inaccurate disk size reporting. Is there a way to enable Windows to correctly report disk usage for volumes over 16TB? We attempted to simply install Net-SNMP 5.5 x64 and disable Windows SNMP service entirely, however this unfortunately did not fix our issue. I've seen people in the Cacti community mention simply scripting out a solution. Unfortunately, we're using Observium for quick and basic systems monitoring. If the issue can't be correct on the Window's side, can Observium be made to report custom MIBs?

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• How to get gigabit network speeds on Windows XP?

  - by JB

  We've just installed gigabit switches at work, and things on the Linux side are going well. Our linux boxes, which use a Intel Corporation 82566DM-2 Gigabit nic (according to lspci), consistently get over 900 mbits/sec: iperf -c ipserver ------------------------------------------------------------ Client connecting to ipserver, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 16.0 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [ 3] local 192.168.40.9 port 39823 connected with 192.168.1.115 port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-10.0 sec 1.08 GBytes 929 Mbits/sec We have a bunch of Windows XP 64-bit machines that use Broadcom NetXtreme 57xx cards. I spent around a day trying to get equivalent speeds on them, but couldn't get above 200 Mbits/sec. I noticed the Windows iperf tests said that the TCP window size was 8 Kb by default (as opposed to 16 Kb on Linux, so I modified my test to reflect that. Still no love. I went to Broadcom's site, downloaded the latest drivers for the card and installed. Still no love. However, finally, I tried a 64 Kb window size with the new drivers, and finally an improvement! $ iperf -c ipserver -w64k ------------------------------------------------------------ Client connecting to ipserver, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 64.0 KByte ------------------------------------------------------------ [ 3] local 192.168.40.214 port 1848 connected with 192.168.1.115 port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-10.0 sec 933 MBytes 782 Mbits/sec Much better, but still not really taking advantage of the full capabilities of the network. If the Linux box can reach 950 Mbits/sec consistently, this box should be able to as well. Also, if you're wondering about the medium, this is over the same cable...I'm switching back and forth. Any suggestion or ideas would be really welcome. Thanks!

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• perf tuning for ESX vmfs3 on RAID

  - by maruti

  looking for recommendations on ESX4 OS - VMFS version3: RAID-5 : matching the stripe size with VMFS block size? (64K, 128K etc) RAID controller options: "adaptive read ahead, write-back" on PERC 6i 90% VMs on server are Windows (2008, 2003, Vista etc, SQL 2005 etc) i have read that smaller stipes are good for writes and larger for reads. Since this is virtual env, not sure whats good.

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• BackupPC - why does it use rsync --sender --server ... ?

  - by Jakobud

  I'm in the process of experimenting with BackupPC on a CentOS 5.5 server. I have everything pretty much setup with default values. I tried setting up a basic backup for a host's /www directory. The backup fails with the following errors: full backup started for directory /www Running: /usr/bin/ssh -q -x -l root target /usr/bin/rsync --server --sender --numeric-ids --perms --owner --group -D --links --hard-links --times --block-size=2048 --recursive --ignore-times . /www/ Xfer PIDs are now 30395 Read EOF: Connection reset by peer Tried again: got 0 bytes Done: 0 files, 0 bytes Got fatal error during xfer (Unable to read 4 bytes) Backup aborted (Unable to read 4 bytes) Not saving this as a partial backup since it has fewer files than the prior one (got 0 and 0 files versus 0) First of all, yes I have my ssh keys setup to allow me to ssh to the target server without requiring a password. In the process of troubleshooting, I tried the above ssh command directly from the command line, and it hangs. Looking at the end of the debug messages for SSH I get: debug1: Sending subsystem: /usr/bin/rsync --server --sender --numeric-ids --perms --owner --group -D --links --hard-links --times --block-size=2048 --recursive --ignore-times . /www/ Request for subsystem '/usr/bin/rsync --server --sender --numeric-ids --perms --owner --group -D --links --hard-links --times --block-size=2048 --recursive --ignore-times . /www/' failed on channel 0 Next I started looking at the rsync flags. I did not recognize --server and --sender. Looking at the rsync man pages, sure enough, I don't see anything about --server or --sender in there. What are those in there for? Looking at the BackupPC config I have this: RsyncClientPath = /usr/bin/rsync RsyncClientCmd = $sshPath -q -x -l root $host $rsyncPath $argList+ And for the arguments, I have the following listed: --numeric-ids --perms --owner --group -D --links --hard-links --times --block-size=2048 --recursive Notice there is no --server, --sender or --ignore-times. Why are these things getting added in? Is this part of the problem?

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• Oracle Database Recovery Problem

  - by Palani

  I am very new to Oracle, and trying to restore a oracle 8i database on win 2000 server. I have one week old database backup (backup taken with exp command), and i want to restore it now. Now I am unable to login through sqlplus (got shutdown in progress error) I have a backup and i want to restore it, but oracle is not starting at all, and 'imp' command is failing. I started sqlplus / as sysdba and following is the log of what i am trying to do. Can some one guide me further. SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-01109: database not open Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 143423516 bytes Fixed Size 75804 bytes Variable Size 58105856 bytes Database Buffers 85164032 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-01109: database not open Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup mount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 143423516 bytes Fixed Size 75804 bytes Variable Size 58105856 bytes Database Buffers 85164032 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted. SQL> alter database open; alter database open * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open SQL> alter database open resetlogs; alter database open resetlogs * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01245: offline file 1 will be lost if RESETLOGS is done ORA-01110: data file 1: 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ABCD\SYSTEM01.DBF'

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• Intel NIC X540-T1 non-functional in Ubuntu Server 12.04

  - by Jeff Carr

  I have installed three Intel X540-T1's in servers running Ubuntu Server 12.04, but all are non-functional, no link lights, no packets sent or received, and no connection on ip4 or ip6 whether set up as dhcp or static. Also, dmesg doesn't detect cable connection or disconnection. I updated the default ixgbe driver to Intel's latest version (3.11.33) with no change. The ethernet controller is being reported as X540-AT2 (which might be a problem that I can't figure out how to fix), but the subsystem is X540-T1 so I believe that might be intended. Does anyone have any experience with this that could assist? ifconfig eth2 eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr a0:36:9f:14:5f:ea inet addr:192.168.101.1 Bcast:192.168.101.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1<br> RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) ethtool -i eth2 driver: ixgbe version: 3.11.33 firmware-version: 0x8000037c bus-info: 0000:08:00.0 supports-statistics: yes supports-test: yes supports-eeprom-access: yes supports-register-dump: yes lspci -vvnns 08:00.0 08:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Intel Corporation Ethernet Controller 10 Gigabit X540-AT2 [8086:1528] (rev 01) Subsystem: Intel Corporation Ethernet Converged Network Adapter X540-T1 [8086:0002] Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr+ Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 32 bytes Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16 Region 0: Memory at e8000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=2M] Region 4: Memory at e8200000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=16K] [virtual] Expansion ROM at e8280000 [disabled] [size=512K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ixgbe Kernel modules: ixgbe

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• What to look for in a reliable backup hard disk?

  - by Senthil

  I want to buy an internal hard disk and use a docking station along with it for backing up important data. The size will be around 500GB to 1TB. I have a budget and several models fit into it. So far, they only seem to vary in size, speed and brand. These are the only things I can compare from the specs. I guess asking for which brand is best is completely subjective so I won't do that. I want my disk to have long life and be reliable. Doesn't matter if it is somewhat slow. Size: Should I go for the one with highest size within my budget? Will higher density cause problems? Or should I go for a moderately sized one? Does the number of platters have an impact? Speed: I do not want high performance. I want it to be reliable and last long. I am definitely not going to choose the expensive 10,000 rpm ones. Should I go for 5400 or 7200? Do these numbers affect longevity and reliability? Are there any other technical and objective factors that I should look for?

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• perf tuning for vmfs3 on RAID

  - by maruti

  recommendations for ESX4 OS - VMFS version3: matching: RAID-5 stripe size with VMFS block size? (64K, 128K etc) enabled "adaptive read ahead, write-back" on PERC 6i 90% VMs on server are Windows (2008, 2003, Vista etc, SQL 2005 etc) i have read that smaller stipes are good for writes and larger for reads. Since this is virtual env, not sure whats good.

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• Kickstart CentOS 6 prompting for TCP/IP with network set to DHCP

  - by Andy Shinn

  I am trying to stop my kickstart CentOS install prompting me for TCP/IP information. After I click through this prompt (keeping IPv4 and IPv6 to their defaults) the installation continues and completes just fine. Below is my kickstart file: # Andy's super awesome VM kickstart file install url --url=http://mirrors.kernel.org/centos/6/os/x86_64 lang en_US.UTF-8 keyboard us text %include /tmp/network.ks rootpw --iscrypted $6$RA8DyrNTsVJkGIgY$ohZ62HHiOjNnn1yDMZlIu3lQ63D3plGPcbVZtPKE8Oq6Z.IGUgN.kNLkxs/ZymZuluRDWsW2eey5zLOl2G3mp. firewall --service=ssh authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 selinux --disabled timezone America/Los_Angeles bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=vda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet" # The following is the partition information you requested # Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed # here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is # not guaranteed to work zerombr clearpart --all --drives=vda --initlabel part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=500 part pv.253002 --grow --size=1 volgroup vg1 --pesize=4096 pv.253002 logvol / --fstype=ext4 --name=lv_root --vgname=vg1 --grow --size=1024 --maxsize=51200 logvol swap --name=lv_swap --vgname=vg1 --grow --size=4032 --maxsize=4032 repo --name="CentOS" --baseurl=http://mirrors.kernel.org/centos/6/os/x86_64 --cost=100 repo --name="Puppet Labs Products" --baseurl=http://yum.puppetlabs.com/el/6/products/x86_64 repo --name="Puppet Labs Dependencies" --baseurl=http://yum.puppetlabs.com/el/6/dependencies/x86_64 repo --name="EyeFi" --baseurl=http://flexo.eye.fi/6/eye-fi-api %packages @core @server-policy puppet facter %end %pre --erroronfail #!/bin/bash for x in `cat /proc/cmdline`; do case $x in SERVERNAME*) eval $x echo "network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --hostname ${SERVERNAME}.eye.fi" /tmp/network.ks ;; esac; done %end %post puppet agent --waitforcert 10 --onetime --no-daemon --pluginsync --server puppet.eye.fi %end reboot My kernel arguments are in this following virt-install command that I use to start the install: virt-install -n zabbix -r 2048 --vcpus=2 -l http://mirrors.kernel.org/centos/6/os/x86_64 --disk /dev/vg_inf1/zabbix --network bridge=br85 --initrd-inject=/home/ashinn/vm_kickstart --extra-args "ks=file:/vm_kickstart SERVERNAME=zabbix" --autostart During the install, I can pull up a console on the second terminal and verify the contents of /tmp/network.ks are: network --onboot=yes --bootproto=dhcp --ipv6=auto --hostname=jenkins2.mydomain.com Why might Anaconda be prompting for the TCP/IP settings when they are already set to DHCP?

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• Decyphering Seagate drive model numbers?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I'm comparing Seagate's Enterprise and Desktop drives for a variety of old and new servers. These servers come from different generations, so options like size (73GB, 2TB) and interface (SATA vs SAS 3.0Gbps vs SAS 6Gbps vs SCSI Ultra320) are widely variable. I'm trying to compare the sizes, speeds and interfaces, but I'm getting thrown off by different models. Also, their website is not the best. Does anyone know of a documented explanation of the Seagate model numbers? And is there a single spreadsheet which compares the features for all drives (or all 'Enterprise' drives?). Seagate drives have model numbers like this: Model ST3600057SS 6-Gb/s SAS 600 GB None at Cheetah® 15K Hard Drives Model ST373455LW Ultra320 SCSI 73.4 GB 68-Pin LW at Cheetah® 15K Hard Drives Model ST32000644NS SATA 3Gb/s 2 TB None at Constellation™ ES Hard Drives Model ST973452SS 6-Gb/s SAS 73 GB None Savvio® 15K Hard Drives Model ST9200011FS SATA 3Gb/s 200 GB Pulsar™ Solid State Drives I understand the model numbers read something like this: ST - SOMETHING1 - SIZE - SOMETHING2 - INTERFACE Where the fields mean something like this: ST : For 'Seagate'? 'Seagate Technoligies'? SOMETHING1 - This field has number, but I'm not sure what that represents. SIZE - Size in Gigabytes. This is a number like '73' or '300' or '2000' SOMETHING2 - This field also has a number, but I'm not sure what it means. INTERFACE - This field seems to indicate the Interface. 'SS' means SAS, 'FC' means Fibre Channel, but I don't see how to distinguish between 6Gbps SAS and 3Gbps SAS, or different SATA or FC speeds. I don't see a field which indicates the RPM (15K , 10K, 7.2K) etc. Is this part of the model number?

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• avconv gets killed if mkv has subtitles

  - by Lukas Knuth

  What I'm trying to do is to take a movie (in an Matroska container), convert all audio tracks to AC3 and don't touch anything else. I'm using this line: avconv -i infile.mkv -map 0 -vcodec copy -scodec copy -acodec ac3 -ab 256k outfile.mkv This works fine, except when there are subtitles embedded. Then, after some time processing with no progress, avconv just "dies" (output shortened, these seem to be the interesting parts): [matroska,webm @ 0xf867a0] max_analyze_duration reached [matroska,webm @ 0xf867a0] Estimating duration from bitrate, this may be inaccurate ... Incompatible sample format 's16' for codec 'ac3', auto-selecting format 'flt' ... Stream #0.0(eng): Video: H264 / 0x34363248, yuv420p, 1280x536 [PAR 1:1 DAR 160:67], q=2-31, 1k tbn, 1k tbc (default) Stream #0.1(ger): Audio: ac3, 48000 Hz, 5.1, flt, 256 kb/s (default) Stream #0.2(eng): Audio: ac3, 48000 Hz, 5.1, flt, 256 kb/s Stream #0.3(ger): Subtitle: dvdsub (default) (forced) Metadata: title : forced Stream #0.4(ger): Subtitle: dvdsub Metadata: title : complete Stream mapping: Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (copy) Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (dca -> ac3) Stream #0:2 -> #0:2 (dca -> ac3) Stream #0:3 -> #0:3 (copy) Stream #0:4 -> #0:4 (copy) Input stream #0:2 frame changed from rate:48000 fmt:s16 ch:6 to rate:48000 fmt:flt ch:6 Input stream #0:1 frame changed from rate:48000 fmt:s16 ch:6 to rate:48000 fmt:flt ch:6 frame= 2606 fps=1303 q=-1.0 size= 3kB time=107.36 bitrate= 0.2kbits/s ... frame=96141 fps=813 q=-1.0 size= 2195806kB time=2807.04 bitrate=6408.2kbits/s frame=96251 fps=810 q=-1.0 size= 2195806kB time=2807.04 bitrate=6408.2kbits/s ... frame=97015 fps=397 q=-1.0 size= 2195806kB time=2807.04 bitrate=6408.2kbits/s Getötet ["Killed", in English] I have no idea why this happens, as there is no error-output. I'd like to just copy the subtitles over, not touch them at all. If that won't work, they can be completely dropped.

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• If I partition a drive connected via eSata will it show different partitions when connected via USB?

  - by jeffreypriebe

  I have an odd problem with an external drive. I'm formatting it connected to my laptop prior to connecting it to my router. The HDD enclosure has both an eSata and USB connections. Generally, I connect it via eSata to my laptop. I created my partitions and connected it to the router, but I see partition information that is different than what I created. After chasing leads concerning large HDD size, I mindlessly connected the HDD to my laptop with USB. Lo! I see the same partitions as the router. Attached are screenshots using the same program and the HDD in question. The only difference is the connection. For the first, I connected via eSata and hit "refresh" on the partition program. Then, turned off the HDD, disconnected the eSata cable, and connected via USB. Power and refresh. eSata: reports a total HDD size of 2328 GB, with four partitions (the third being 1.96TB) USB: reports a total HDD size of 280 GB, with three partitions (the third being 279 GB) Any idea why this is happening? It looks like it clearly is an issue of the 4K sector size and not playing nice with the USB enclosure. I tried it eSata and USB in Windows and Linux and it appears consistently that eSata is reporting correctly, USB incorrectly.

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• Raid0 setup - What should 'my computer' say?

  - by superexsl

  Hey, I'm not a hardware person, so maybe someone here could help me. I ordered a PC from Dell that has "Serial ATA Raid 0 "Stripe"(7200RPM)Dual HDD" (2x500gb). However, I've just noticed that there's only one HD of 1TB (which is the default option when ordering). Should I be seeing two HDDs in "My Computer" or does the Raid0 setup simply improve performance rather than have (and display) two individual HDDs? How can I check if my computer does have a 'raid0' setup? Thanks

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• Cannot load from raid with grub

  - by Andrew Answer

  I have a RAID1 array on my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and my /sda HDD has been replaced several days ago. I use this commands to replace: # go to superuser sudo bash # see RAID state mdadm -Q -D /dev/md0 # State should be "clean, degraded" # remove broken disk from RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sda1 mdadm /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sda1 # see partitions fdisk -l # shutdown computer shutdown now # physically replace old disk by new # start system again # see partitions fdisk -l # copy partitions from sdb to sda sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sda # recreate id for sda sfdisk --change-id /dev/sda 1 fd # add sda1 to RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sda1 # see RAID state mdadm -Q -D /dev/md0 # State should be "clean, degraded, recovering" # to see status you can use cat /proc/mdstat After bebuilding completion "fdisk -l" says what I have not valid partition table /dev/md0. So 1) "update-grub" find only /sda and /sdb Linux, not /md0 2) "dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc" says "GRUB failed to install the following devices /dev/md0" I cannot load my system except from /sdb1 and /sda1, but in DEGRADED mode... This is my partial fdisk -l output: Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000667ca Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 63 940910984 470455461 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 940910985 976768064 17928540 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 940911048 976768064 17928508+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/md0: 481.7 GB, 481746288640 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 117613840 cylinders, total 940910720 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Anybody can resolve this issue? I have big headache with this.

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• Why does this loopback device creation malfunction?

  - by user50118

  The stackoverflow people thought this was more appropriate here, I put it there as it is part of a program but I can see their POV, so here it is: At the bottom of the code you can see it failing. In fact, I'll put it here at the start too because it is the problem I need to solve: [350591.924819] EXT4-fs (loop0): bad geometry: block count 9750806 exceeds size of device (9750168 blocks) I don't understand why the device is supposedly too small. I made this partition two days ago with normal fdisk, it was created and formatted with ext4 supplying no options other than the partition (/dev/sdb2) to format. The only explaination I can think of is that ext4 has the size of the partition wrong somehow but that seems very unlikely. What is wrong with my math? The offset is correct, you can see that with the file command, and the size should be correct too because End - Start comes to the same number of sectors minus 1, just like it should (A disk starting on sector 1 and ending on sector 2 would be 2 - 1 = 1 and have two sectors). # sfdisk -luS /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 9729 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Units = sectors of 512 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #sectors Id System /dev/sdb2 78295040 156296384 78001345 83 Linux # losetup -r -f --show -o $((78295040 * 512)) --sizelimit $((78001345 * 512)) /dev/sdb /dev/loop0 # file -s /dev/loop0 /dev/loop0: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data (needs journal recovery) (extents) (large files) (huge files) # mount -o ro -t ext4 /dev/loop0 /mnt mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so # dmesg | tail -n 1 [350591.924819] EXT4-fs (loop0): bad geometry: block count 9750806 exceeds size of device (9750168 blocks)

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• Creating an ec2 image on amazon fails at mkfs.ext3

  - by Dave Orr

  I'm trying to create an image of my ec2 instance in Amazon's cloud. It's been a bit of an adventure so far. I did manage to install Amazon's ec2-api-tools, which was harder than it seemed like it should have been. Then I ran: ec2-bundle-vol -d /mnt -k pk-{key}.pem -c cert-{cert}.pem -u {uid} -s 1536 Which returned: Copying / into the image file /mnt/image... Excluding: /sys/kernel/debug /sys/kernel/security /sys /proc /dev/pts /dev /dev /media /mnt /proc /sys /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/z25_persistent-net.rules /mnt/image /mnt/img-mnt 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 1048576 bytes (1.0 MB) copied, 0.00677357 s, 155 MB/s mkfs.ext3: option requires an argument -- 'L' Usage: mkfs.ext3 [-c|-l filename] [-b block-size] [-f fragment-size] [-i bytes-per-inode] [-I inode-size] [-J journal-options] [-G meta group size] [-N number-of-inodes] [-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-o creator-os] [-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label] [-M last-mounted-directory] [-O feature[,...]] [-r fs-revision] [-E extended-option[,...]] [-T fs-type] [-U UUID] [-jnqvFKSV] device [blocks-count] ERROR: execution failed: "mkfs.ext3 -F /mnt/image -U 1c001580-9118-4a50-9a25-dcf02be6d25f -L " So mkfs.ext3 wants -L, which is a volume name. But ec2-bundle-vol doesn't seem to take in a volume name as an argument, and the docs (http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AmazonEC2/gsg/2006-06-26/creating-an-image.html) don't seem to think one should be needed. Certainly their sample command: # ec2-bundle-vol -d /mnt -k ~root/pk-HKZYKTAIG2ECMXYIBH3HXV4ZBZQ55CLO.pem -u 495219933132 -s 1536 doesn't specify anything. So... any help? What am I missing?

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• lvm mirroring space unavailable.

  - by Bryan Ward

  I am trying to migrate my data on lvm to two new disks, and setup mirroring between the two. I have successfully migrated all of the data to the first of the two disks, leaving the second one completely available as a mirror. I verified this using pvdisplay -m /dev/sd{g,h}1 --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdg1 VG Name vg PV Size 931.51 GiB / not usable 3.19 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 238466 Free PE 82866 Allocated PE 155600 PV UUID v2nc3j-EFBR-QpuG-xgro-Rm59-fmu6-IB3QcR --- Physical Segments --- Physical extent 0 to 49999: Logical volume /dev/vg/videos Logical extents 0 to 49999 Physical extent 50000 to 99999: Logical volume /dev/vg/home Logical extents 0 to 49999 Physical extent 100000 to 129999: Logical volume /dev/vg/music Logical extents 0 to 29999 Physical extent 130000 to 155599: Logical volume /dev/vg/videos Logical extents 50000 to 75599 Physical extent 155600 to 238465: FREE --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdh1 VG Name vg PV Size 931.51 GiB / not usable 3.19 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 238466 Free PE 238466 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID LuTrem-WcsZ-qw7l-2CDS-lLKI-wdq0-QEXhLf --- Physical Segments --- Physical extent 0 to 238465: FREE Then when I try to mirror the home logical volume for example, it says that I do not have sufficient space. I used lvconvert -m1 vg/home and the output was: Insufficient suitable allocatable extents for logical volume : 50000 more required Unable to allocate extents for mirror(s). This puzzling to me because it appears as if there is plenty of space on the second disk to mirror. Is there something I have done wrong here? Or is there a way to explicitly tell LVM where to put each leg of the mirror? I'm using lvm2.

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• Oracle Database Recovery Problem

  - by Palani

  I am very new to Oracle, and trying to restore a oracle 8i database on win 2000 server. I have one week old database backup (backup taken with exp command), and i want to restore it now. Now I am unable to login through sqlplus (got shutdown in progress error) I have a backup and i want to restore it, but oracle is not starting at all, and 'imp' command is failing. I started sqlplus / as sysdba and following is the log of what i am trying to do. Can some one guide me further. SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-01109: database not open Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 143423516 bytes Fixed Size 75804 bytes Variable Size 58105856 bytes Database Buffers 85164032 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-01109: database not open Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup mount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 143423516 bytes Fixed Size 75804 bytes Variable Size 58105856 bytes Database Buffers 85164032 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted. SQL> alter database open; alter database open * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open SQL> alter database open resetlogs; alter database open resetlogs * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01245: offline file 1 will be lost if RESETLOGS is done ORA-01110: data file 1: 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ABCD\SYSTEM01.DBF'

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• How to create a software raid5 array without a spare

  - by Yannick M.

  I am trying to create a software raid5 array using mdadm: $ linux # mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 --spare-devices=0 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric mdadm: chunk size defaults to 64K mdadm: array /dev/md0 started. However when inspecting /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid5 sdd1[4] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] sda1[0] 2930279808 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_] [>....................] recovery = 0.3% (2970496/976759936) finish=186.1min speed=87172K/sec unused devices: <none> It seems one drive isn't active, so I check the details of the array: /dev/md0: Version : 00.90.03 Creation Time : Tue Jul 21 16:29:53 2009 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 2930279808 (2794.53 GiB 3000.61 GB) Used Dev Size : 976759936 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Jul 21 16:29:53 2009 State : clean, degraded, recovering Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 64K Rebuild Status : 0% complete UUID : ce8b2f40:821d003c:0027688e:a70977ec Events : 0.1 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 2 8 33 2 active sync /dev/sdc1 4 8 49 3 spare rebuilding /dev/sdd1 And it seems there are only 3 active devices, with one spare. Is it just me, or something wrong here?

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• What options to use for Accurate bacula backup?

  - by Kiss Stefan

  It's actually 2 question in one. First is a bit more theoretically. So when specifying accurate options how does bacula figure out if a file needs to be backed up ? it's a simple AND ? As in if the options are Accurate = sm5 bacula will not backup the file if ((size = old size) AND (modtime = old modtime) AND (md5 = old md5)) Is that correct ? Do any of the options take precedence ? as in would be a file skipped if modif time is diffreent but it has the same md5sum ? Are there any implied options that you cannot ignore ? Practical case, ( bacula 5.0.1 ) I have to back-up a svn repo, in order to be able to make incremental backups as simple as posible i am hotcopying (client run before) it to another location, that bacula will backup ( then delete it with client run after). Now in the fileset i have Accurate = spnd5 This should tell bacula to take into consideration size , permission bits number of links , decreases in size and md5sum. However , an incremental is also including a full copy of the svn. What am i doing wrong ? it seems that it takes into account creation time even tho i have not specified it.

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• Is this way of using Excel 2007 Pivot table for BI scalable ?

  - by Sim

  Hi all, Background: We need to consolidate sales data across the country to do analysis Our Internet connection/IT expertise/IT investment is not quite strong, therefore full BI solution is out of question I tried several SaaS BI solution (GoodData, ZohoReports) and while they're good, they seem not to fully support what we need We're looking at 'bout 2 millions record for every 2 months My current approach Our (10) sites currently gathers data from all their branches and consolidate them into 1 Excel file with Pivot table and embed source data In HQ, I will request 10 sites to send back those Excel files periodically We will import those Excel to our MSSQL server There will be a master Excel file, that will also have the same pivot table (as those came from site Excel file), and datasource is the MSSQL server More details For testing, I currently use MSSQL 2008 Express on my laptop So far, I imported our transactions for the past 2 months and there are 2 millions+ row in 1 table in MSSQL (we just use 1 table, corresponding to our common pivot table structure). DB size is ~ 600 MB In the master Excel file, if not including the source data, it's just < 10MB. Including the source data will increase the size to 60 MB (so I supposed Office 2007 automatically zip the data ?) I try using the Pivot (drag-and-drop fields) and the performance so far is OK (my laptop specs: C2D T7200, 3GB RAM, Windows XP) So my question is : If we're looking at full year transaction (roughly 15 millions rows in MSSQL 2008 Express, 3.6 GB in size), is there any issue with that 15 million rows in 1 table in SQL Express ? Is there any performance issue with the pivot table at that time ? Can it still embed the source data ? (I google-ed but didn't find the maximum size of source data Excel 2007 can embed) Any other suggestions on how we can better do this ? Given that we can't afford the full BI solution, any light-weight/budget/SaaS BI that you can recommend ? Thanks

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• What options to use for Accurate bacula backup ?

  - by Kiss Stefan

  It's actually 2 question in one. First is a bit more theoretically. So when specifying accurate options how does bacula figure out if a file needs to be backed up ? it's a simple AND ? As in if the options are Accurate = sm5 bacula will not backup the file if ((size = old size) AND (modtime = old modtime) AND (md5 = old md5)) Is that correct ? Do any of the options take precedence ? as in would be a file skipped if modif time is diffreent but it has the same md5sum ? Are there any implied options that you cannot ignore ? Practical case, ( bacula 5.0.1 ) I have to back-up a svn repo, in order to be able to make incremental backups as simple as posible i am hotcopying (client run before) it to another location, that bacula will backup ( then delete it with client run after). Now in the fileset i have Accurate = spnd5 This should tell bacula to take into consideration size , permission bits number of links , decreases in size and md5sum. However , an incremental is also including a full copy of the svn. What am i doing wrong ? it seems that it takes into account creation time even tho i have not specified it.

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