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  • Vector iterators in for loops, return statements, warning, c++

    - by Crystal
    Had 3 questions regarding a hw assignment for C++. The goal was to create a simple palindrome method. Here is my template for that: #ifndef PALINDROME_H #define PALINDROME_H #include <vector> #include <iostream> #include <cmath> template <class T> static bool palindrome(const std::vector<T> &input) { std::vector<T>::const_iterator it = input.begin(); std::vector<T>::const_reverse_iterator rit = input.rbegin(); for (int i = 0; i < input.size()/2; i++, it++, rit++) { if (!(*it == *rit)) { return false; } } return true; } template <class T> static void showVector(const std::vector<T> &input) { for (std::vector<T>::const_iterator it = input.begin(); it != input.end(); it++) { std::cout << *it << " "; } } #endif Regarding the above code, can you have more than one iterator declared in the first part of the for loop? I tried defining both the "it" and "rit" in the palindrome() method, and I kept on getting an error about needing a "," before rit. But when I cut and paste outside the for loop, no errors from the compiler. (I'm using VS 2008). Second question, I pretty much just brain farted on this one. But is the way I have my return statements in the palindrome() method ok? In my head, I think it works like, once the *it and *rit do not equal each other, then the function returns false, and the method exits at this point. Otherwise if it goes all the way through the for loop, then it returns true at the end. I totally brain farted on how return statements work in if blocks and I tried looking up a good example in my book and I couldn't find one. Finally, I get this warnings: \palindrome.h(14) : warning C4018: '<' : signed/unsigned mismatch Now is that because I run my for loop until (i < input.size()/2) and the compiler is telling me that input can be negative? Thanks!

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  • c++ multithread array

    - by user1731972
    i'm doing something for fun, trying to learn multithreading Problems passing array by reference to threads but Arno pointed out that my threading via process.h wasn't going to be multi-threaded. What I'm hoping to do is something where I have an array of 100 (or 10,000, doesn't really matter I don't think), and split up the assignment of values to each thread. Example, 4 threads = 250 values per thread to be assigned. Then I can use this filled array for further calculations. Here's some code I was working on (which doesn't work) #include <process.h> #include <windows.h> #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <time.h> //#include <thread> using namespace std; void myThread (void *dummy ); CRITICAL_SECTION cs1,cs2; // global int main() { ofstream myfile; myfile.open ("coinToss.csv"); int rNum; long numRuns; long count = 0; int divisor = 1; float holder = 0; int counter = 0; float percent = 0.0; HANDLE hThread[1000]; int array[10000]; srand ( time(NULL) ); printf ("Runs (use multiple of 10)? "); cin >> numRuns; for (int i = 0; i < numRuns; i++) { //_beginthread( myThread, 0, (void *) (array1) ); //??? //hThread[i * 2] = _beginthread( myThread, 0, (void *) (array1) ); hThread[i*2] = _beginthread( myThread, 0, (void *) (array) ); } //WaitForMultipleObjects(numRuns * 2, hThread, TRUE, INFINITE); WaitForMultipleObjects(numRuns, hThread, TRUE, INFINITE); } void myThread (void *param ) { //thanks goes to stockoverflow //http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12801862/problems-passing-array-by-reference-to-threads int *i = (int *)param; for (int x = 0; x < 1000000; x++) { //param[x] = rand() % 2 + 1; i[x] = rand() % 2 + 1; } } Can anyone explain why it isn't working?

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  • I need to modify a program to use arrays and a method call. Should I modify the running file, the data collection file, or both?

    - by g3n3rallyl0st
    I have to have multiple classes for this program. The problem is, I don't fully understand arrays and how they work, so I'm a little lost. I will post my program I have written thus far so you can see what I'm working with, but I don't expect anyone to DO my assignment for me. I just need to know where to start and I'll try to go from there. I think I need to use a double array since I will be working with decimals since it deals with money, and my method call needs to calculate total price for all items entered by the user. Please help: RUNNING FILE package inventory2; import java.util.Scanner; public class RunApp { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner input = new Scanner( System.in ); DataCollection theProduct = new DataCollection(); String Name = ""; double pNumber = 0.0; double Units = 0.0; double Price = 0.0; while(true) { System.out.print("Enter Product Name: "); Name = input.next(); theProduct.setName(Name); if (Name.equalsIgnoreCase("stop")) { return; } System.out.print("Enter Product Number: "); pNumber = input.nextDouble(); theProduct.setpNumber(pNumber); System.out.print("Enter How Many Units in Stock: "); Units = input.nextDouble(); theProduct.setUnits(Units); System.out.print("Enter Price Per Unit: "); Price = input.nextDouble(); theProduct.setPrice(Price); System.out.print("\n Product Name: " + theProduct.getName()); System.out.print("\n Product Number: " + theProduct.getpNumber()); System.out.print("\n Amount of Units in Stock: " + theProduct.getUnits()); System.out.print("\n Price per Unit: " + theProduct.getPrice() + "\n\n"); System.out.printf("\n Total cost for %s in stock: $%.2f\n\n\n", theProduct.getName(), theProduct.calculatePrice()); } } } DATA COLLECTION FILE package inventory2; public class DataCollection { String productName; double productNumber, unitsInStock, unitPrice, totalPrice; public DataCollection() { productName = ""; productNumber = 0.0; unitsInStock = 0.0; unitPrice = 0.0; } //setter methods public void setName(String name) { productName = name; } public void setpNumber(double pNumber) { productNumber = pNumber; } public void setUnits(double units) { unitsInStock = units; } public void setPrice(double price) { unitPrice = price; } //getter methods public String getName() { return productName; } public double getpNumber() { return productNumber; } public double getUnits() { return unitsInStock; } public double getPrice() { return unitPrice; } public double calculatePrice() { return (unitsInStock * unitPrice); } }

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  • Need a script/batch/program that runs a command that won't be killed when the parent is killed

    - by billc.cn
    The scenario I use Zabbix to monitor my servers and recently I wanted to add some more metrics for the Windows ones. For security reasons, I used Zabbix's User Parameter feature, but it limits the execution of external commands to about 3 seconds. After that, the command is forcibly killed. I want to run some long run commands, so I used the trick from Zabbix's forum: run the command in the background, write the results to a file and use Zabbix to collect them. This is rather easy under *nix thanks to the "&" operator, but there is no such support in Windows' shell. To make things worse, when Zabbix kills forcibly kill the cmd.exe it used to evaluate the commands, all child processes die including the unfinished background tasks. Thus I need something that can sever all the ties with its children so they won't be affected in the cascading kill. What I've tried start and start /B - They do nothing as the child always die with the parent WScript.Shell.Run as in invis.vbs from StackOverflow - Sometimes work. If the wscript process is forcibly killed as opposed to quitting on its own, the children will die as well. hstart - similar results to invis.vbs At command - This requires you to set an absolution time for the task to run as opposed to an offset, so the code would be quite messy due to the limited shell scripting capability of Windows. (Edit) PsExec.exe from the SysInternals suite - It uses a service to launch the command, so it is not affected by the kill; however, it prints some banner and log info to StdErr and there's no switch to disable this. When I use 2>NUL to redirect them, Zabbix reports an error. After trying the above in different combinations, I noticed if I call hstart from invis.vbs, the command started by the former will be left alone as a parent-less process when invis.vbs is killed. However, since I need to redirect the output, the command I want to run is always in the form of cmd.exe /c ""command" "args"" >log. The vbs also removes all the quotes, so I have to encode the command with self-defined escape sequences. The end result involves about five levels of escaping/quoting, which is almost impossible to maintain. Anyone know any better solutions? Some requirements Any bat/vbs/js/Win32 binary is acceptable Better not require multiple levels of escaping No .Net (including PowerShell) because it is not installed

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  • matrix multiplication with MPI [on hold]

    - by user3695701
    I'm working on an assignment on matrix multiplication with MPI. A*B=C. the requirement is that B should be vertically partitioned. Here's what I intend to do: broadcast matrix A to all processes and scatter B into several slices with each slice containing n/p columns. The following code only works when the number of process(p) is 1. when p1(say 2), I got [cluster2:21080] *** Process received signal *** [cluster2:21080] Signal: Segmentation fault (11) [cluster2:21080] Signal code: Address not mapped (1) [cluster2:21080] Failing at address: (nil) [cluster2:21080] [ 0] /lib/libpthread.so.0(+0xf8f0) [0x7f49f38108f0] [cluster2:21080] [ 1] /lib/libc.so.6(memcpy+0xe1) [0x7f49f35024c1] [cluster2:21080] [ 2] /usr/lib/libmpi.so.0(ompi_convertor_unpack+0x121)[0x7f49f47c88e1] [cluster2:21080] [ 3] /usr/lib/openmpi/lib/openmpi/mca_pml_ob1.so(+0x8a26) [0x7f49f0dcea26] [cluster2:21080] [ 4] /usr/lib/openmpi/lib/openmpi/mca_btl_tcp.so(+0x662c) [0x7f49efce462c] [cluster2:21080] [ 5] /usr/lib/libopen-pal.so.0(+0x1ede8) [0x7f49f42e0de8] [cluster2:21080] [ 6] /usr/lib/libopen-pal.so.0(opal_progress+0x99) [0x7f49f42d5369] [cluster2:21080] [ 7] /usr/lib/openmpi/lib/openmpi/mca_pml_ob1.so(+0x5585) [0x7f49f0dcb585] [cluster2:21080] [ 8] /usr/lib/openmpi/lib/openmpi/mca_coll_tuned.so(+0xcc01) [0x7f49eeeb1c01] [cluster2:21080] [ 9] /usr/lib/openmpi/lib/openmpi/mca_coll_tuned.so(+0x266c) [0x7f49eeea766c] [cluster2:21080] [10] /usr/lib/openmpi/lib/openmpi/mca_coll_sync.so(+0x1388) [0x7f49ef0c0388] [cluster2:21080] [11] /usr/lib/libmpi.so.0(MPI_Bcast+0x10e) [0x7f49f47d025e] [cluster2:21080] [12] ./out(main+0x259) [0x401571] [cluster2:21080] [13] /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xfd) [0x7f49f3498c8d] [cluster2:21080] [14] ./out() [0x400f29] [cluster2:21080] *** End of error message *** Can someone help me? Thanks. //matrices A and B //double* A =(double *)malloc(n*n*sizeof(double)); //double* B =(double *)malloc(n*n*sizeof(double)); //code initializing A,B... //n is the size of the matrix //p is the number of processes //myrank is the rank of calling process MPI_Init (&argc, &argv); MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &myrank); MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &p); //broadcast A to all processes MPI_Bcast (A, n*n, MPI_DOUBLE, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD); MPI_Datatype tmp_type, col_type; // extract a slice from B MPI_Type_vector(n, num_of_col_per_slice, n, MPI_DOUBLE, &tmp_type); // position of the first (0) and each next (stride * sizeof(double) ) slice MPI_Type_create_resized(tmp_type, 0, n * sizeof(double), &col_type); MPI_Type_commit(&col_type); //scatter a slice of B to each process MPI_Scatter(B, 1, col_type, B+myrank*n/p, n * n/p, MPI_DOUBLE, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD); //use blas function to calculate A*sliceOfB and store the resulting slice to C cblas_dgemm(CblasRowMajor, CblasNoTrans, CblasNoTrans, n, n/p, n, 1.0, A, n, B+myrank*n/p, n, 0.0, C+myrank*n/p, n); //gather all those resulting slices into C MPI_Gather (C+myrank*n/p, n*n/p, MPI_DOUBLE, C, n*n/p, MPI_DOUBLE, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

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  • Calculating all distances between one point and a group of points efficiently in R

    - by dbarbosa
    Hi, First of all, I am new to R (I started yesterday). I have two groups of points, data and centers, the first one of size n and the second of size K (for instance, n = 3823 and K = 10), and for each i in the first set, I need to find j in the second with the minimum distance. My idea is simple: for each i, let dist[j] be the distance between i and j, I only need to use which.min(dist) to find what I am looking for. Each point is an array of 64 doubles, so > dim(data) [1] 3823 64 > dim(centers) [1] 10 64 I have tried with for (i in 1:n) { for (j in 1:K) { d[j] <- sqrt(sum((centers[j,] - data[i,])^2)) } S[i] <- which.min(d) } which is extremely slow (with n = 200, it takes more than 40s!!). The fastest solution that I wrote is distance <- function(point, group) { return(dist(t(array(c(point, t(group)), dim=c(ncol(group), 1+nrow(group)))))[1:nrow(group)]) } for (i in 1:n) { d <- distance(data[i,], centers) which.min(d) } Even if it does a lot of computation that I don't use (because dist(m) computes the distance between all rows of m), it is way more faster than the other one (can anyone explain why?), but it is not fast enough for what I need, because it will not be used only once. And also, the distance code is very ugly. I tried to replace it with distance <- function(point, group) { return (dist(rbind(point,group))[1:nrow(group)]) } but this seems to be twice slower. I also tried to use dist for each pair, but it is also slower. I don't know what to do now. It seems like I am doing something very wrong. Any idea on how to do this more efficiently? ps: I need this to implement k-means by hand (and I need to do it, it is part of an assignment). I believe I will only need Euclidian distance, but I am not yet sure, so I will prefer to have some code where the distance computation can be replaced easily. stats::kmeans do all computation in less than one second.

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  • stringindexoutofbounds with currency converter java program

    - by user1795926
    I am have trouble with a summary not showing up. I am supposed to modify a previous Java assignment by by adding an array of objects. Within the loop, instantiate each individual object. Make sure the user cannot keep adding another Foreign conversion beyond your array size. After the user selects quit from the menu, prompt if the user want to display a summary report. If they select ‘Y’ then, using your array of objects, display the following report: Item Conversion Dollars Amount 1 Japanese Yen 100.00 32,000.00 2 Mexican Peso 400.00 56,000.00 3 Canadian Dollar 100.00 156.00 etc. Number of Conversions = 3 There are no errors when I compile..but when I run the program it is fine until I hit 0 to end the conversion and have it ask if i want to see a summary. This error displays: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: String index out of range: 0 at java.lang.String.charAt(String.java:658) at Lab8.main(Lab8.java:43) my code: import java.util.Scanner; import java.text.DecimalFormat; public class Lab8 { public static void main(String[] args) { final int Max = 10; String a; char summary; int c = 0; Foreign[] Exchange = new Foreign[Max]; Scanner Keyboard = new Scanner(System.in); Foreign.opening(); do { Exchange[c] = new Foreign(); Exchange[c].getchoice(); Exchange[c].dollars(); Exchange[c].amount(); Exchange[c].vertical(); System.out.println("\n" + Exchange[c]); c++; System.out.println("\n" + "Please select 1 through 4, or 0 to quit" + >"\n"); c= Keyboard.nextInt(); } while (c != 0); System.out.print("\nWould you like a summary of your conversions? (Y/N): "); a = Keyboard.nextLine(); summary = a.charAt(0); summary = Character.toUpperCase(summary); if (summary == 'Y') { System.out.println("\nCountry\t\tRate\t\tDollars\t\tAmount"); System.out.println("========\t\t=======\t\t=======\t\t========="); for (int i=0; i < Exchange.length; i++) System.out.println(Exchange[i]); Foreign.counter(); } } } I looked at line 43 and its this line: summary = a.charAt(0); But I am not sure what's wrong with it, can anyone point it out? Thank you.

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  • Java Error When correct code is put together

    - by Eric
    I have a few string problems that I need to put together for a complete homework assignment. They all work correctly by themselves, but when I put them together in the main function, the last one that finds the smallest word in a string gives an error. Anyone know why? public static void main(String[] args){ Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); //Length of Word String word1 = sc.next(); System.out.println(word1.length()); //Evens in one string odds in the other String word2 = sc.next(); StringBuilder even = new StringBuilder(); StringBuilder odd = new StringBuilder(); for(int i = 0; i < word2.length(); i++){ if(i % 2 == 0){ even.append(word2.charAt(i)); } else{ odd.append(word2.charAt(i)); } } System.out.println(even + " " + odd); //Diminishing Suffix String word3 = sc.next(); for(int j = 0; j < word3.length(); j++){ System.out.print(word3.substring(j, word3.length()) + " "); } System.out.printf("\n"); //Letter Replacement String word4 = sc.next(); String word5 = sc.next(); String word6 = sc.next(); String word7 = word4.replace(word5, word6); System.out.println(word7); //How many times x appears in xstring String word8 = sc.next(); String word9 = sc.next(); int index = word8.indexOf(word9); int count = 0; while (index != -1) { count++; word8 = word8.substring(index + 1); index = word8.indexOf(word9); } System.out.println(count); System.out.println(); //Lexicographically smallest word String Sentence = sc.nextLine(); String[] myWords = Sentence.split(" "); int shortestLengths, shortestLocation; shortestLengths=(myWords[1]).length(); shortestLocation=1; for (int i = 1; i <myWords.length; i++) { if ((myWords[i]).length() < shortestLengths) { shortestLengths=(myWords[i]).length(); shortestLocation=i; } } System.out.println(myWords[shortestLocation]); } } Talking about the lexicographically smallest one

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  • Drupal views pane content not visible

    - by jwandborg
    I have a pane on my front page with one content pane and two views panes. I can't see the content of the third view ($pane->pid = "new-3" / comment: # Senaste bilder). Here's my panel <?php $page = new stdClass; $page->disabled = FALSE; /* Edit this to true to make a default page disabled initially */ $page->api_version = 1; $page->name = 'frontpage'; $page->task = 'page'; $page->admin_title = 'Startsida'; $page->admin_description = ''; $page->path = 'hem'; $page->access = array(); $page->menu = array(); $page->arguments = array(); $page->conf = array(); $page->default_handlers = array(); $handler = new stdClass; $handler->disabled = FALSE; /* Edit this to true to make a default handler disabled initially */ $handler->api_version = 1; $handler->name = 'page_frontpage_panel_context'; $handler->task = 'page'; $handler->subtask = 'frontpage'; $handler->handler = 'panel_context'; $handler->weight = 0; $handler->conf = array( 'title' => 'Panel', 'no_blocks' => FALSE, 'css_id' => '', 'css' => '', 'contexts' => array(), 'relationships' => array(), ); $display = new panels_display; $display->layout = 'onecol'; $display->layout_settings = array(); $display->panel_settings = array(); $display->cache = array(); $display->title = ''; $display->content = array(); $display->panels = array(); # Bild $pane = new stdClass; $pane->pid = 'new-1'; $pane->panel = 'middle'; $pane->type = 'custom'; $pane->subtype = 'custom'; $pane->shown = TRUE; $pane->access = array(); $pane->configuration = array( 'admin_title' => '', 'title' => '', 'body' => '<img src="/sites/all/themes/zen/ils-2010/img/graphics-start-text-v3.png" alt="Hej! Vi vet att du och dina klasskompisar har mycket att tänka på under er sista termin i gymnasiet. Därför har vi samlat några saker som vi tror kommer göra er studenttid lite roligare och lite enklare. Välkommen!" />', 'format' => '2', 'substitute' => TRUE, ); $pane->cache = array(); $pane->style = array(); $pane->css = array(); $pane->extras = array(); $pane->position = 0; $display->content['new-1'] = $pane; $display->panels['middle'][0] = 'new-1'; # Topplista $pane = new stdClass; $pane->pid = 'new-2'; $pane->panel = 'middle'; $pane->type = 'views_panes'; $pane->subtype = 'topplista_terms-panel_pane_1'; $pane->shown = TRUE; $pane->access = array(); $pane->configuration = array( 'link_to_view' => 1, 'more_link' => 0, 'use_pager' => 0, 'pager_id' => '', 'items_per_page' => '10', 'offset' => '0', 'path' => 'flaktavling/topplista/klasser', 'override_title' => 0, 'override_title_text' => '', ); $pane->cache = array(); $pane->style = array(); $pane->css = array(); $pane->extras = array(); $pane->position = 1; $display->content['new-2'] = $pane; $display->panels['middle'][1] = 'new-2'; # Senaste bilder $pane = new stdClass; $pane->pid = 'new-3'; $pane->panel = 'middle'; $pane->type = 'views_panes'; $pane->subtype = 'senaste_bilderna-panel_pane_1'; $pane->shown = TRUE; $pane->access = array(); $pane->configuration = array( 'link_to_view' => 0, 'more_link' => 0, 'use_pager' => 0, 'pager_id' => '', 'items_per_page' => '2', 'offset' => '0', 'path' => 'galleri/senaste-bilder', 'override_title' => 0, 'override_title_text' => '', ); $pane->cache = array(); $pane->style = array(); $pane->css = array( 'css_id' => 'pane-senaste-bilderna', 'css_class' => '', ); $pane->extras = array(); $pane->position = 2; $display->content['new-3'] = $pane; $display->panels['middle'][2] = 'new-3'; $display->hide_title = PANELS_TITLE_FIXED; $display->title_pane = 'new-1'; $handler->conf['display'] = $display; $page->default_handlers[$handler->name] = $handler; Here´s the view senaste_bilderna <?php $view = new view; $view->name = 'senaste_bilderna'; $view->description = ''; $view->tag = ''; $view->view_php = ''; $view->base_table = 'node'; $view->is_cacheable = FALSE; $view->api_version = 2; $view->disabled = FALSE; /* Edit this to true to make a default view disabled initially */ $handler = $view->new_display('default', 'Förvalt', 'default'); $handler->override_option('fields', array( 'field_picture_fid' => array( 'id' => 'field_picture_fid', 'table' => 'node_data_field_picture', 'field' => 'field_picture_fid', ), )); $handler->override_option('sorts', array( 'created' => array( 'order' => 'DESC', 'granularity' => 'second', 'id' => 'created', 'table' => 'node', 'field' => 'created', 'relationship' => 'none', ), )); $handler->override_option('filters', array( 'type' => array( 'operator' => 'in', 'value' => array( 'ils_picture' => 'ils_picture', ), 'group' => '0', 'exposed' => FALSE, 'expose' => array( 'operator' => FALSE, 'label' => '', ), 'id' => 'type', 'table' => 'node', 'field' => 'type', 'override' => array( 'button' => 'Åsidosätt', ), 'relationship' => 'none', ), )); $handler->override_option('access', array( 'type' => 'none', )); $handler->override_option('cache', array( 'type' => 'none', )); $handler->override_option('title', 'Senaste bilderna från galleriet'); $handler->override_option('items_per_page', 2); $handler->override_option('row_options', array( 'inline' => array( 'field_picture_fid' => 'field_picture_fid', ), 'separator' => '', 'hide_empty' => 0, )); $handler = $view->new_display('panel_pane', 'Content pane', 'panel_pane_1'); $handler->override_option('pane_title', ''); $handler->override_option('pane_description', ''); $handler->override_option('pane_category', array( 'name' => 'View panes', 'weight' => 0, )); $handler->override_option('allow', array( 'use_pager' => FALSE, 'items_per_page' => FALSE, 'offset' => FALSE, 'link_to_view' => FALSE, 'more_link' => FALSE, 'path_override' => FALSE, 'title_override' => FALSE, 'exposed_form' => FALSE, )); $handler->override_option('argument_input', array()); $handler->override_option('link_to_view', 0); $handler->override_option('inherit_panels_path', 0); $handler = $view->new_display('page', 'Sida', 'page_1'); $handler->override_option('path', 'galleri/senaste-bilderna'); $handler->override_option('menu', array( 'type' => 'none', 'title' => '', 'description' => '', 'weight' => 0, 'name' => 'navigation', )); $handler->override_option('tab_options', array( 'type' => 'none', 'title' => '', 'description' => '', 'weight' => 0, )); I have edited one views template, here's the code in the file views-view-fields--senaste-bilderna.tpl.php <?php // $Id: views-view-fields.tpl.php,v 1.6 2008/09/24 22:48:21 merlinofchaos Exp $ /** * @file views-view-fields.tpl.php * Default simple view template to all the fields as a row. * * - $view: The view in use. * - $fields: an array of $field objects. Each one contains: * - $field->content: The output of the field. * - $field->raw: The raw data for the field, if it exists. This is NOT output safe. * - $field->class: The safe class id to use. * - $field->handler: The Views field handler object controlling this field. Do not use * var_export to dump this object, as it can't handle the recursion. * - $field->inline: Whether or not the field should be inline. * - $field->inline_html: either div or span based on the above flag. * - $field->separator: an optional separator that may appear before a field. * - $row: The raw result object from the query, with all data it fetched. * * @ingroup views_templates */ ?> <?php foreach ($fields as $id => $field): ?> <?php $result = db_query('SELECT * FROM {files} WHERE fid = ' . $row->node_data_field_picture_field_picture_fid ); ?> <?php $data = db_fetch_object( $result ); ?> <div id="senaste-bilderna-first"><img src="<?= imagecache_create_url('senaste_bilderna_thumbnail', $data->filepath) ?>" alt="" /></div> <?php /* if (!empty($field->separator)): <?php print $field->separator; <?php endif; <<?php print $field->inline_html; class="views-field-<?php print $field->class; "> <?php if ($field->label): <label class="views-label-<?php print $field->class; "> <?php print $field->label; : </label> <?php endif; <?php // $field->element_type is either SPAN or DIV depending upon whether or not // the field is a 'block' element type or 'inline' element type. <<?php print $field->element_type; class="field-content"><?php print $field->content; </<?php print $field->element_type; > </<?php print $field->inline_html;> <?php*/ endforeach; ?> This is the result <div class="panel-separator"> </div> <div class="panel-pane pane-views-panes pane-senaste-bilderna-panel-pane-1" id="pane-senaste-bilderna"> <h2 class="pane-title">Senaste bilderna från galleriet </h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="view view-senaste-bilderna view-id-senaste_bilderna view-display-id-panel_pane_1 view-dom-id-2"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even views-row-last"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> My Drupal version is 6.16

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  • The dynamic Type in C# Simplifies COM Member Access from Visual FoxPro

    - by Rick Strahl
    I’ve written quite a bit about Visual FoxPro interoperating with .NET in the past both for ASP.NET interacting with Visual FoxPro COM objects as well as Visual FoxPro calling into .NET code via COM Interop. COM Interop with Visual FoxPro has a number of problems but one of them at least got a lot easier with the introduction of dynamic type support in .NET. One of the biggest problems with COM interop has been that it’s been really difficult to pass dynamic objects from FoxPro to .NET and get them properly typed. The only way that any strong typing can occur in .NET for FoxPro components is via COM type library exports of Visual FoxPro components. Due to limitations in Visual FoxPro’s type library support as well as the dynamic nature of the Visual FoxPro language where few things are or can be described in the form of a COM type library, a lot of useful interaction between FoxPro and .NET required the use of messy Reflection code in .NET. Reflection is .NET’s base interface to runtime type discovery and dynamic execution of code without requiring strong typing. In FoxPro terms it’s similar to EVALUATE() functionality albeit with a much more complex API and corresponiding syntax. The Reflection APIs are fairly powerful, but they are rather awkward to use and require a lot of code. Even with the creation of wrapper utility classes for common EVAL() style Reflection functionality dynamically access COM objects passed to .NET often is pretty tedious and ugly. Let’s look at a simple example. In the following code I use some FoxPro code to dynamically create an object in code and then pass this object to .NET. An alternative to this might also be to create a new object on the fly by using SCATTER NAME on a database record. How the object is created is inconsequential, other than the fact that it’s not defined as a COM object – it’s a pure FoxPro object that is passed to .NET. Here’s the code: *** Create .NET COM InstanceloNet = CREATEOBJECT('DotNetCom.DotNetComPublisher') *** Create a Customer Object Instance (factory method) loCustomer = GetCustomer() loCustomer.Name = "Rick Strahl" loCustomer.Company = "West Wind Technologies" loCustomer.creditLimit = 9999999999.99 loCustomer.Address.StreetAddress = "32 Kaiea Place" loCustomer.Address.Phone = "808 579-8342" loCustomer.Address.Email = "[email protected]" *** Pass Fox Object and echo back values ? loNet.PassRecordObject(loObject) RETURN FUNCTION GetCustomer LOCAL loCustomer, loAddress loCustomer = CREATEOBJECT("EMPTY") ADDPROPERTY(loCustomer,"Name","") ADDPROPERTY(loCustomer,"Company","") ADDPROPERTY(loCUstomer,"CreditLimit",0.00) ADDPROPERTY(loCustomer,"Entered",DATETIME()) loAddress = CREATEOBJECT("Empty") ADDPROPERTY(loAddress,"StreetAddress","") ADDPROPERTY(loAddress,"Phone","") ADDPROPERTY(loAddress,"Email","") ADDPROPERTY(loCustomer,"Address",loAddress) RETURN loCustomer ENDFUNC Now prior to .NET 4.0 you’d have to access this object passed to .NET via Reflection and the method code to do this would looks something like this in the .NET component: public string PassRecordObject(object FoxObject) { // *** using raw Reflection string Company = (string) FoxObject.GetType().InvokeMember( "Company", BindingFlags.GetProperty,null, FoxObject,null); // using the easier ComUtils wrappers string Name = (string) ComUtils.GetProperty(FoxObject,"Name"); // Getting Address object – then getting child properties object Address = ComUtils.GetProperty(FoxObject,"Address");    string Street = (string) ComUtils.GetProperty(FoxObject,"StreetAddress"); // using ComUtils 'Ex' functions you can use . Syntax     string StreetAddress = (string) ComUtils.GetPropertyEx(FoxObject,"AddressStreetAddress"); return Name + Environment.NewLine + Company + Environment.NewLine + StreetAddress + Environment.NewLine + " FOX"; } Note that the FoxObject is passed in as type object which has no specific type. Since the object doesn’t exist in .NET as a type signature the object is passed without any specific type information as plain non-descript object. To retrieve a property the Reflection APIs like Type.InvokeMember or Type.GetProperty().GetValue() etc. need to be used. I made this code a little simpler by using the Reflection Wrappers I mentioned earlier but even with those ComUtils calls the code is pretty ugly requiring passing the objects for each call and casting each element. Using .NET 4.0 Dynamic Typing makes this Code a lot cleaner Enter .NET 4.0 and the dynamic type. Replacing the input parameter to the .NET method from type object to dynamic makes the code to access the FoxPro component inside of .NET much more natural: public string PassRecordObjectDynamic(dynamic FoxObject) { // *** using raw Reflection string Company = FoxObject.Company; // *** using the easier ComUtils class string Name = FoxObject.Name; // *** using ComUtils 'ex' functions to use . Syntax string Address = FoxObject.Address.StreetAddress; return Name + Environment.NewLine + Company + Environment.NewLine + Address + Environment.NewLine + " FOX"; } As you can see the parameter is of type dynamic which as the name implies performs Reflection lookups and evaluation on the fly so all the Reflection code in the last example goes away. The code can use regular object ‘.’ syntax to reference each of the members of the object. You can access properties and call methods this way using natural object language. Also note that all the type casts that were required in the Reflection code go away – dynamic types like var can infer the type to cast to based on the target assignment. As long as the type can be inferred by the compiler at compile time (ie. the left side of the expression is strongly typed) no explicit casts are required. Note that although you get to use plain object syntax in the code above you don’t get Intellisense in Visual Studio because the type is dynamic and thus has no hard type definition in .NET . The above example calls a .NET Component from VFP, but it also works the other way around. Another frequent scenario is an .NET code calling into a FoxPro COM object that returns a dynamic result. Assume you have a FoxPro COM object returns a FoxPro Cursor Record as an object: DEFINE CLASS FoxData AS SESSION OlePublic cAppStartPath = "" FUNCTION INIT THIS.cAppStartPath = ADDBS( JustPath(Application.ServerName) ) SET PATH TO ( THIS.cAppStartpath ) ENDFUNC FUNCTION GetRecord(lnPk) LOCAL loCustomer SELECT * FROM tt_Cust WHERE pk = lnPk ; INTO CURSOR TCustomer IF _TALLY < 1 RETURN NULL ENDIF SCATTER NAME loCustomer MEMO RETURN loCustomer ENDFUNC ENDDEFINE If you call this from a .NET application you can now retrieve this data via COM Interop and cast the result as dynamic to simplify the data access of the dynamic FoxPro type that was created on the fly: int pk = 0; int.TryParse(Request.QueryString["id"],out pk); // Create Fox COM Object with Com Callable Wrapper FoxData foxData = new FoxData(); dynamic foxRecord = foxData.GetRecord(pk); string company = foxRecord.Company; DateTime entered = foxRecord.Entered; This code looks simple and natural as it should be – heck you could write code like this in days long gone by in scripting languages like ASP classic for example. Compared to the Reflection code that previously was necessary to run similar code this is much easier to write, understand and maintain. For COM interop and Visual FoxPro operation dynamic type support in .NET 4.0 is a huge improvement and certainly makes it much easier to deal with FoxPro code that calls into .NET. Regardless of whether you’re using COM for calling Visual FoxPro objects from .NET (ASP.NET calling a COM component and getting a dynamic result returned) or whether FoxPro code is calling into a .NET COM component from a FoxPro desktop application. At one point or another FoxPro likely ends up passing complex dynamic data to .NET and for this the dynamic typing makes coding much cleaner and more readable without having to create custom Reflection wrappers. As a bonus the dynamic runtime that underlies the dynamic type is fairly efficient in terms of making Reflection calls especially if members are repeatedly accessed. © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in COM  FoxPro  .NET  CSharp  

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  • Dynamic Types and DynamicObject References in C#

    - by Rick Strahl
    I've been working a bit with C# custom dynamic types for several customers recently and I've seen some confusion in understanding how dynamic types are referenced. This discussion specifically centers around types that implement IDynamicMetaObjectProvider or subclass from DynamicObject as opposed to arbitrary type casts of standard .NET types. IDynamicMetaObjectProvider types  are treated special when they are cast to the dynamic type. Assume for a second that I've created my own implementation of a custom dynamic type called DynamicFoo which is about as simple of a dynamic class that I can think of:public class DynamicFoo : DynamicObject { Dictionary<string, object> properties = new Dictionary<string, object>(); public string Bar { get; set; } public DateTime Entered { get; set; } public override bool TryGetMember(GetMemberBinder binder, out object result) { result = null; if (!properties.ContainsKey(binder.Name)) return false; result = properties[binder.Name]; return true; } public override bool TrySetMember(SetMemberBinder binder, object value) { properties[binder.Name] = value; return true; } } This class has an internal dictionary member and I'm exposing this dictionary member through a dynamic by implementing DynamicObject. This implementation exposes the properties dictionary so the dictionary keys can be referenced like properties (foo.NewProperty = "Cool!"). I override TryGetMember() and TrySetMember() which are fired at runtime every time you access a 'property' on a dynamic instance of this DynamicFoo type. Strong Typing and Dynamic Casting I now can instantiate and use DynamicFoo in a couple of different ways: Strong TypingDynamicFoo fooExplicit = new DynamicFoo(); var fooVar = new DynamicFoo(); These two commands are essentially identical and use strong typing. The compiler generates identical code for both of them. The var statement is merely a compiler directive to infer the type of fooVar at compile time and so the type of fooExplicit is DynamicFoo, just like fooExplicit. This is very static - nothing dynamic about it - and it completely ignores the IDynamicMetaObjectProvider implementation of my class above as it's never used. Using either of these I can access the native properties:DynamicFoo fooExplicit = new DynamicFoo();// static typing assignmentsfooVar.Bar = "Barred!"; fooExplicit.Entered = DateTime.Now; // echo back static values Console.WriteLine(fooVar.Bar); Console.WriteLine(fooExplicit.Entered); but I have no access whatsoever to the properties dictionary. Basically this creates a strongly typed instance of the type with access only to the strongly typed interface. You get no dynamic behavior at all. The IDynamicMetaObjectProvider features don't kick in until you cast the type to dynamic. If I try to access a non-existing property on fooExplicit I get a compilation error that tells me that the property doesn't exist. Again, it's clearly and utterly non-dynamic. Dynamicdynamic fooDynamic = new DynamicFoo(); fooDynamic on the other hand is created as a dynamic type and it's a completely different beast. I can also create a dynamic by simply casting any type to dynamic like this:DynamicFoo fooExplicit = new DynamicFoo(); dynamic fooDynamic = fooExplicit; Note that dynamic typically doesn't require an explicit cast as the compiler automatically performs the cast so there's no need to use as dynamic. Dynamic functionality works at runtime and allows for the dynamic wrapper to look up and call members dynamically. A dynamic type will look for members to access or call in two places: Using the strongly typed members of the object Using theIDynamicMetaObjectProvider Interface methods to access members So rather than statically linking and calling a method or retrieving a property, the dynamic type looks up - at runtime  - where the value actually comes from. It's essentially late-binding which allows runtime determination what action to take when a member is accessed at runtime *if* the member you are accessing does not exist on the object. Class members are checked first before IDynamicMetaObjectProvider interface methods are kick in. All of the following works with the dynamic type:dynamic fooDynamic = new DynamicFoo(); // dynamic typing assignments fooDynamic.NewProperty = "Something new!"; fooDynamic.LastAccess = DateTime.Now; // dynamic assigning static properties fooDynamic.Bar = "dynamic barred"; fooDynamic.Entered = DateTime.Now; // echo back dynamic values Console.WriteLine(fooDynamic.NewProperty); Console.WriteLine(fooDynamic.LastAccess); Console.WriteLine(fooDynamic.Bar); Console.WriteLine(fooDynamic.Entered); The dynamic type can access the native class properties (Bar and Entered) and create and read new ones (NewProperty,LastAccess) all using a single type instance which is pretty cool. As you can see it's pretty easy to create an extensible type this way that can dynamically add members at runtime dynamically. The Alter Ego of IDynamicObject The key point here is that all three statements - explicit, var and dynamic - declare a new DynamicFoo(), but the dynamic declaration results in completely different behavior than the first two simply because the type has been cast to dynamic. Dynamic binding means that the type loses its typical strong typing, compile time features. You can see this easily in the Visual Studio code editor. As soon as you assign a value to a dynamic you lose Intellisense and you see which means there's no Intellisense and no compiler type checking on any members you apply to this instance. If you're new to the dynamic type it might seem really confusing that a single type can behave differently depending on how it is cast, but that's exactly what happens when you use a type that implements IDynamicMetaObjectProvider. Declare the type as its strong type name and you only get to access the native instance members of the type. Declare or cast it to dynamic and you get dynamic behavior which accesses native members plus it uses IDynamicMetaObjectProvider implementation to handle any missing member definitions by running custom code. You can easily cast objects back and forth between dynamic and the original type:dynamic fooDynamic = new DynamicFoo(); fooDynamic.NewProperty = "New Property Value"; DynamicFoo foo = fooDynamic; foo.Bar = "Barred"; Here the code starts out with a dynamic cast and a dynamic assignment. The code then casts back the value to the DynamicFoo. Notice that when casting from dynamic to DynamicFoo and back we typically do not have to specify the cast explicitly - the compiler can induce the type so I don't need to specify as dynamic or as DynamicFoo. Moral of the Story This easy interchange between dynamic and the underlying type is actually super useful, because it allows you to create extensible objects that can expose non-member data stores and expose them as an object interface. You can create an object that hosts a number of strongly typed properties and then cast the object to dynamic and add additional dynamic properties to the same type at runtime. You can easily switch back and forth between the strongly typed instance to access the well-known strongly typed properties and to dynamic for the dynamic properties added at runtime. Keep in mind that dynamic object access has quite a bit of overhead and is definitely slower than strongly typed binding, so if you're accessing the strongly typed parts of your objects you definitely want to use a strongly typed reference. Reserve dynamic for the dynamic members to optimize your code. The real beauty of dynamic is that with very little effort you can build expandable objects or objects that expose different data stores to an object interface. I'll have more on this in my next post when I create a customized and extensible Expando object based on DynamicObject.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in CSharp  .NET   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • What's up with LDoms: Part 4 - Virtual Networking Explained

    - by Stefan Hinker
    I'm back from my summer break (and some pressing business that kept me away from this), ready to continue with Oracle VM Server for SPARC ;-) In this article, we'll have a closer look at virtual networking.  Basic connectivity as we've seen it in the first, simple example, is easy enough.  But there are numerous options for the virtual switches and virtual network ports, which we will discuss in more detail now.   In this section, we will concentrate on virtual networking - the capabilities of virtual switches and virtual network ports - only.  Other options involving hardware assignment or redundancy will be covered in separate sections later on. There are two basic components involved in virtual networking for LDoms: Virtual switches and virtual network devices.  The virtual switch should be seen just like a real ethernet switch.  It "runs" in the service domain and moves ethernet packets back and forth.  A virtual network device is plumbed in the guest domain.  It corresponds to a physical network device in the real world.  There, you'd be plugging a cable into the network port, and plug the other end of that cable into a switch.  In the virtual world, you do the same:  You create a virtual network device for your guest and connect it to a virtual switch in a service domain.  The result works just like in the physical world, the network device sends and receives ethernet packets, and the switch does all those things ethernet switches tend to do. If you look at the reference manual of Oracle VM Server for SPARC, there are numerous options for virtual switches and network devices.  Don't be confused, it's rather straight forward, really.  Let's start with the simple case, and work our way to some more sophisticated options later on.  In many cases, you'll want to have several guests that communicate with the outside world on the same ethernet segment.  In the real world, you'd connect each of these systems to the same ethernet switch.  So, let's do the same thing in the virtual world: root@sun # ldm add-vsw net-dev=nxge2 admin-vsw primary root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net admin-vsw mars root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net admin-vsw venus We've just created a virtual switch called "admin-vsw" and connected it to the physical device nxge2.  In the physical world, we'd have powered up our ethernet switch and installed a cable between it and our big enterprise datacenter switch.  We then created a virtual network interface for each one of the two guest systems "mars" and "venus" and connected both to that virtual switch.  They can now communicate with each other and with any system reachable via nxge2.  If primary were running Solaris 10, communication with the guests would not be possible.  This is different with Solaris 11, please see the Admin Guide for details.  Note that I've given both the vswitch and the vnet devices some sensible names, something I always recommend. Unless told otherwise, the LDoms Manager software will automatically assign MAC addresses to all network elements that need one.  It will also make sure that these MAC addresses are unique and reuse MAC addresses to play nice with all those friendly DHCP servers out there.  However, if we want to do this manually, we can also do that.  (One reason might be firewall rules that work on MAC addresses.)  So let's give mars a manually assigned MAC address: root@sun # ldm set-vnet mac-addr=0:14:4f:f9:c4:13 admin-net mars Within the guest, these virtual network devices have their own device driver.  In Solaris 10, they'd appear as "vnet0".  Solaris 11 would apply it's usual vanity naming scheme.  We can configure these interfaces just like any normal interface, give it an IP-address and configure sophisticated routing rules, just like on bare metal.  In many cases, using Jumbo Frames helps increase throughput performance.  By default, these interfaces will run with the standard ethernet MTU of 1500 bytes.  To change this,  it is usually sufficient to set the desired MTU for the virtual switch.  This will automatically set the same MTU for all vnet devices attached to that switch.  Let's change the MTU size of our admin-vsw from the example above: root@sun # ldm set-vsw mtu=9000 admin-vsw primary Note that that you can set the MTU to any value between 1500 and 16000.  Of course, whatever you set needs to be supported by the physical network, too. Another very common area of network configuration is VLAN tagging. This can be a little confusing - my advise here is to be very clear on what you want, and perhaps draw a little diagram the first few times.  As always, keeping a configuration simple will help avoid errors of all kind.  Nevertheless, VLAN tagging is very usefull to consolidate different networks onto one physical cable.  And as such, this concept needs to be carried over into the virtual world.  Enough of the introduction, here's a little diagram to help in explaining how VLANs work in LDoms: Let's remember that any VLANs not explicitly tagged have the default VLAN ID of 1. In this example, we have a vswitch connected to a physical network that carries untagged traffic (VLAN ID 1) as well as VLANs 11, 22, 33 and 44.  There might also be other VLANs on the wire, but the vswitch will ignore all those packets.  We also have two vnet devices, one for mars and one for venus.  Venus will see traffic from VLANs 33 and 44 only.  For VLAN 44, venus will need to configure a tagged interface "vnet44000".  For VLAN 33, the vswitch will untag all incoming traffic for venus, so that venus will see this as "normal" or untagged ethernet traffic.  This is very useful to simplify guest configuration and also allows venus to perform Jumpstart or AI installations over this network even if the Jumpstart or AI server is connected via VLAN 33.  Mars, on the other hand, has full access to untagged traffic from the outside world, and also to VLANs 11,22 and 33, but not 44.  On the command line, we'd do this like this: root@sun # ldm add-vsw net-dev=nxge2 pvid=1 vid=11,22,33,44 admin-vsw primary root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net pvid=1 vid=11,22,33 admin-vsw mars root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net pvid=33 vid=44 admin-vsw venus Finally, I'd like to point to a neat little option that will make your live easier in all those cases where configurations tend to change over the live of a guest system.  It's the "id=<somenumber>" option available for both vswitches and vnet devices.  Normally, Solaris in the guest would enumerate network devices sequentially.  However, it has ways of remembering this initial numbering.  This is good in the physical world.  In the virtual world, whenever you unbind (aka power off and disassemble) a guest system, remove and/or add network devices and bind the system again, chances are this numbering will change.  Configuration confusion will follow suit.  To avoid this, nail down the initial numbering by assigning each vnet device it's device-id explicitly: root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net id=1 admin-vsw venus Please consult the Admin Guide for details on this, and how to decipher these network ids from Solaris running in the guest. Thanks for reading this far.  Links for further reading are essentially only the Admin Guide and Reference Manual and can be found above.  I hope this is useful and, as always, I welcome any comments.

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  • C#/.NET Little Pitfalls: The Dangers of Casting Boxed Values

    - by James Michael Hare
    Starting a new series to parallel the Little Wonders series.  In this series, I will examine some of the small pitfalls that can occasionally trip up developers. Introduction: Of Casts and Conversions What happens when we try to assign from an int and a double and vice-versa? 1: double pi = 3.14; 2: int theAnswer = 42; 3:  4: // implicit widening conversion, compiles! 5: double doubleAnswer = theAnswer; 6:  7: // implicit narrowing conversion, compiler error! 8: int intPi = pi; As you can see from the comments above, a conversion from a value type where there is no potential data loss is can be done with an implicit conversion.  However, when converting from one value type to another may result in a loss of data, you must make the conversion explicit so the compiler knows you accept this risk.  That is why the conversion from double to int will not compile with an implicit conversion, we can make the conversion explicit by adding a cast: 1: // explicit narrowing conversion using a cast, compiler 2: // succeeds, but results may have data loss: 3: int intPi = (int)pi; So for value types, the conversions (implicit and explicit) both convert the original value to a new value of the given type.  With widening and narrowing references, however, this is not the case.  Converting reference types is a bit different from converting value types.  First of all when you perform a widening or narrowing you don’t really convert the instance of the object, you just convert the reference itself to the wider or narrower reference type, but both the original and new reference type both refer back to the same object. Secondly, widening and narrowing for reference types refers the going down and up the class hierarchy instead of referring to precision as in value types.  That is, a narrowing conversion for a reference type means you are going down the class hierarchy (for example from Shape to Square) whereas a widening conversion means you are going up the class hierarchy (from Square to Shape).  1: var square = new Square(); 2:  3: // implicitly convers because all squares are shapes 4: // (that is, all subclasses can be referenced by a superclass reference) 5: Shape myShape = square; 6:  7: // implicit conversion not possible, not all shapes are squares! 8: // (that is, not all superclasses can be referenced by a subclass reference) 9: Square mySquare = (Square) myShape; So we had to cast the Shape back to Square because at that point the compiler has no way of knowing until runtime whether the Shape in question is truly a Square.  But, because the compiler knows that it’s possible for a Shape to be a Square, it will compile.  However, if the object referenced by myShape is not truly a Square at runtime, you will get an invalid cast exception. Of course, there are other forms of conversions as well such as user-specified conversions and helper class conversions which are beyond the scope of this post.  The main thing we want to focus on is this seemingly innocuous casting method of widening and narrowing conversions that we come to depend on every day and, in some cases, can bite us if we don’t fully understand what is going on!  The Pitfall: Conversions on Boxed Value Types Can Fail What if you saw the following code and – knowing nothing else – you were asked if it was legal or not, what would you think: 1: // assuming x is defined above this and this 2: // assignment is syntactically legal. 3: x = 3.14; 4:  5: // convert 3.14 to int. 6: int truncated = (int)x; You may think that since x is obviously a double (can’t be a float) because 3.14 is a double literal, but this is inaccurate.  Our x could also be dynamic and this would work as well, or there could be user-defined conversions in play.  But there is another, even simpler option that can often bite us: what if x is object? 1: object x; 2:  3: x = 3.14; 4:  5: int truncated = (int) x; On the surface, this seems fine.  We have a double and we place it into an object which can be done implicitly through boxing (no cast) because all types inherit from object.  Then we cast it to int.  This theoretically should be possible because we know we can explicitly convert a double to an int through a conversion process which involves truncation. But here’s the pitfall: when casting an object to another type, we are casting a reference type, not a value type!  This means that it will attempt to see at runtime if the value boxed and referred to by x is of type int or derived from type int.  Since it obviously isn’t (it’s a double after all) we get an invalid cast exception! Now, you may say this looks awfully contrived, but in truth we can run into this a lot if we’re not careful.  Consider using an IDataReader to read from a database, and then attempting to select a result row of a particular column type: 1: using (var connection = new SqlConnection("some connection string")) 2: using (var command = new SqlCommand("select * from employee", connection)) 3: using (var reader = command.ExecuteReader()) 4: { 5: while (reader.Read()) 6: { 7: // if the salary is not an int32 in the SQL database, this is an error! 8: // doesn't matter if short, long, double, float, reader [] returns object! 9: total += (int) reader["annual_salary"]; 10: } 11: } Notice that since the reader indexer returns object, if we attempt to convert using a cast to a type, we have to make darn sure we use the true, actual type or this will fail!  If the SQL database column is a double, float, short, etc this will fail at runtime with an invalid cast exception because it attempts to convert the object reference! So, how do you get around this?  There are two ways, you could first cast the object to its actual type (double), and then do a narrowing cast to on the value to int.  Or you could use a helper class like Convert which analyzes the actual run-time type and will perform a conversion as long as the type implements IConvertible. 1: object x; 2:  3: x = 3.14; 4:  5: // if you want to cast, must cast out of object to double, then 6: // cast convert. 7: int truncated = (int)(double) x; 8:  9: // or you can call a helper class like Convert which examines runtime 10: // type of the value being converted 11: int anotherTruncated = Convert.ToInt32(x); Summary You should always be careful when performing a conversion cast from values boxed in object that you are actually casting to the true type (or a sub-type). Since casting from object is a widening of the reference, be careful that you either know the exact, explicit type you expect to be held in the object, or instead avoid the cast and use a helper class to perform a safe conversion to the type you desire. Technorati Tags: C#,.NET,Pitfalls,Little Pitfalls,BlackRabbitCoder

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  • AdPrep logs show an LDAP error

    - by Omar
    What I am trying to do is transition our domain from Server 2003 Enterprise x32 to Server 2008 R2 Enterprise x64. Here is what I have done thus far. The 2003 server is a physical machine, the 2008 server is a virtual machine Built a virtual machine that has Server 2008 R2 Enterprise x64 and joined it to the domain as a domain member On the 2003 DC, Raised Domain Functional Level and Forest Functional Level to Windows Server 2003 On the 2003 DC, went into the registry and navigated to HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\NTDS\Parameters and verified that the Schema Version is 30 On the 2003 DC, inserted the Windows Server 2008 Enterprise x32 Edition to copy over the adprep folder. This version is the only one that seemed to work On the 2003 DC, opened command prompt and went to adprep directory and ran adprep /forestprep , adprep /domainprep , and adprep /domainprep /gpprep On the 2008 server, Installed the Active Directory Domain Services role from Server Manager On the 2003 DC, went into the registry and navigated to HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\NTDS\Parameters and verified that the Schema Version is now 44 When I go to run dcpromo on the 2008 server, I get a message that says: "To install a domain controller into this Active Directory forest, you must first prepare using adprep /forestprep" I went back to the 2003 DC server and went through the adprep logs and I came across this: Adprep was unable to modify the security descriptor on object CN=DomainControllerAuthentication,CN=Certificate Templates,CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=xeroxtoledo,DC=com. [Status/Consequence] ADPREP was unable to merge the existing security descriptor with the new access control entry (ACE). [User Action] Check the log file ADPrep.log in the C:\WINDOWS\debug\adprep\logs\20100327143517 directory for more information. Adprep encountered an LDAP error. *Error code: 0x20. Server extended error code: 0x208d, Server error message: 0000208D: NameErr: DSID-031001CD, problem 2001 (NO_OBJECT), data 0, best match of: 'CN=Certificate Templates,CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=xeroxtoledo,DC=com* In fact, I got three of these errors. The LDAP error is consistent with all three, but the top part where it says "Adprep was unable to modify the security descriptor on object" are different. They are the following: CN=DomainControllerAuthentication,CN=Certificate Templates,CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=xeroxtoledo,DC=com. CN=DirectoryEmailReplication,CN=Certificate Templates,CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=xeroxtoledo,DC=com. CN=KerberosAuthentication,CN=Certificate Templates,CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=xeroxtoledo,DC=com. The credentials I am using on the 2008 server when running dcpromo is my domain account. My account is part of the domain and enterprise admin groups. I've tried various quick fixes that I've came across through Google searches that include: Disabling AntiVirus on current DCs Pointing DNS on PDC to point to itself Changing the Schema Update Allowed key to 1 and tried rerunning adprep - when rerunning adprep, told me that Forest-wide information has already been updated Disabled Windows Firewall on the Server 2008 box On the 2003 DC, went to Domain Controller Security Policy Local Policies User Rights Assignment and added Domain Admins to the Enable computer and user accounts to be trusted for delegation policy setting Both our PDC and BDC are Global Catalog Servers. Not sure if this matters or not I ran the command netdom query fsmo and verified that the FSMO role holder is the current 2003 PDC I ran dcdiag /v on the 2003 PDC and the only thing that failed was Services. Dnscache Service is stopped on the PDC I even went as far as deleting the virtual machine and recreating it from scratch - no avail... Help :(

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  • How to propagate http response code from back-end to client

    - by Manoj Neelapu
    Oracle service bus can be used as for pass through casses. Some use cases require propagating the http-response code back to the caller. http://forums.oracle.com/forums/thread.jspa?messageID=4326052&#4326052 is one such example we will try to accomplish in this tutorial.We will try to demonstrate this feature using Oracle Service Bus (11.1.1.3.0. We will also use commons-logging-1.1.1, httpcomponents-client-4.0.1, httpcomponents-core-4.0.1 for writing the client to demonstrate.First we create a simple JSP which will always set response code to 304.The JSP snippet will look like <%@ page language="java"     contentType="text/xml;     charset=UTF-8"        pageEncoding="UTF-8" %><%      System.out.println("Servlet setting Responsecode=304");    response.setStatus(304);    response.flushBuffer();%>We will now deploy this JSP on weblogic server with URI=http://localhost:7021/reponsecode/For this JSP we will create a simple Any XML BS We will also create proxy service as shown below Once the proxy is created we configure pipeline for the proxy to use route node, which invokes the BS(JSPCaller) created in the first place. So now we will create a error handler for route node and will add a stage. When a HTTP BS sends a request, the JSP sends the response back. If the response code is not 200, then the http BS will consider that as error and the above configured error handler is invoked. We will print $outbound to show the response code sent by the JSP. The next actions. To test this I had create a simple clientimport org.apache.http.Header;import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;import org.apache.http.HttpHost;import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;import org.apache.http.HttpVersion;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager;import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.PlainSocketFactory;import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry;import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;import org.apache.http.impl.conn.tsccm.ThreadSafeClientConnManager;import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams;import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;import org.apache.http.params.HttpProtocolParams;import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;/** * @author MNEELAPU * */public class TestProxy304{    public static void main(String arg[]) throws Exception{     HttpHost target = new HttpHost("localhost", 7021, "http");     // general setup     SchemeRegistry supportedSchemes = new SchemeRegistry();     // Register the "http" protocol scheme, it is required     // by the default operator to look up socket factories.     supportedSchemes.register(new Scheme("http",              PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 7021));     // prepare parameters     HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();     HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(params, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);     HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(params, "UTF-8");     HttpProtocolParams.setUseExpectContinue(params, true);     ClientConnectionManager connMgr = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(params,              supportedSchemes);     DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(connMgr, params);     HttpGet req = new HttpGet("/HttpResponseCode/ProxyExposed");     System.out.println("executing request to " + target);     HttpResponse rsp = httpclient.execute(target, req);     HttpEntity entity = rsp.getEntity();     System.out.println("----------------------------------------");     System.out.println(rsp.getStatusLine());     Header[] headers = rsp.getAllHeaders();     for (int i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {         System.out.println(headers[i]);     }     System.out.println("----------------------------------------");     if (entity != null) {         System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));     }     // When HttpClient instance is no longer needed,      // shut down the connection manager to ensure     // immediate deallocation of all system resources     httpclient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();     }}On compiling and executing this we see the below output in STDOUT which clearly indicates the response code was propagated from Business Service to Proxy serviceexecuting request to http://localhost:7021----------------------------------------HTTP/1.1 304 Not ModifiedDate: Tue, 08 Jun 2010 16:13:42 GMTContent-Type: text/xml; charset=UTF-8X-Powered-By: Servlet/2.5 JSP/2.1----------------------------------------  

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  • Clarity is important, both in question and in answer.

    - by gerrylowry
    clarity is important ... i'm often reminded of the Clouseau movie in which Peter Sellers as Chief Inspector Clouseau asks a hotel clerk "Does your dog bite?" ... the clerk answers "no" ... after Clouseau has been bitten by the dog, he looks at the hotel clerk who says "That's not my dog".  Clarity is important, both in question and in answer. i've been a member of forums.asp.net since 2008 ... like many of my peers at forums.asp.net, i've answered my fair share of questions. FWIW, the purpose of this, my first web log post to http://weblogs.asp.net/gerrylowry is to help new members ask better questions and in turn get better answers. TIMTOWTDI  =.  there is more than one way to do it imho, the best way to ask a question in any forum, or even person to person, is to first formulate your question and then ask yourself to answer your own question. Things to consider when asking (the more complete your question, the more likely you'll get the answer you require): -- have you searched Google and/or your favourite search engine(s) before posting your question to forums.asp.net; examples: site:msdn.microsoft.com entity framework 5.0 c#http://lmgtfy.com/?q=site%3Amsdn.microsoft.com+entity+framework+5.0+c%23 site:forums.asp.net MVC tutorial c#http://lmgtfy.com/?q=site%3Aforums.asp.net+MVC+tutorial+c%23 -- are you asking your question in the correct forum?  look at the forums' descriptions at http://forums.asp.net/; examples: Getting Started If you have a general ASP.NET question on a topic that's not covered by one of the other more specific forums - ask it here. MVC Discussions regarding ASP.NET Model-View-Controller (MVC) C# Questions about using C# for ASP.NET development Note:  if your question pertains more to c# than to MVC, choosing the C# forum is likely to be more appropriate. -- is your post subject clear and concise, yet not too vague? compare these three subjects (all three had something to do with GridView):     (1)    please help     (2)    gridview      (3)    How to show newline in GridView  -- have you clearly explained your scenario? compare:  my leg hurts   with   when i walk too much, my right knee hurts in the knee joint  compare:  my code does not work    with    when i enter a date as 2012-11-8, i get a FormatException -- have you checked your spelling, your grammar, and your English? for better or worse, English is the language of forums.asp.net ... many of the currently 170000++ forums.asp.net are not native speakers of English; that's okay ... however, there are times when choosing the more appropriate words will likely get one a better answer; fortunately, there are web tools to help you formulate your question, for example, http://translate.google.com/.  -- have you provided relevant information about your environment? here are a few examples ... feel free to include other items to your question ... rule of thumb:  if you think a given detail is relevant, it likely is -- what technology are you using?    ASP.NET MVC 4, ASP.NET MVC 3, WebForms, ...  -- what version of Visual Studio are you using?  vs2012 (ultimate, professional, express), vs2010, vs2008 ... -- are you hosting your own website?  are you using a shared hosting service? -- are you experience difficulties in just one browser? more than one browser? -- what browser version(s) are you using?   ie8? ie9? ... -- what is your operating system?     win8, win7, vista, XP, server 2008 R2 ... -- what is your database?   SQL Server 2008 R2, ss2005, MySQL, Oracle, ... -- what is your web server?  iis 7.5, iis 6, .... -- have you provided enough information for someone to be able to answer your question? Here's an actual example from an O.P. that i hope is self-explanatory: I'm trying to make a simple calculator when i write the code in windows application it worked when i tried it in web application it doesn't work and there are no errors what should i do ??!! -- have you included unnecessary information? more than once, i've seen the O.P. (original post, original poster) include many extra lines of code that were not relevant to the actual question; the more unnecessary code that you include, the less likely your volunteer peers will be motivated to donate their time to help you. -- have you asked the question that you want answered? "Does this dog bite?" -- are your expectations reasonable? -- generally, persons who are going to answer your questions are your peers ... they are unpaid volunteers ... -- are you looking for help with your homework, work assignment, or hobby? or, are you expecting someone else to do your work for you?  -- do you expect a complete solution or are you simply looking for guidance and direction? -- you are likely to get more help by first making a reasonable effort to help yourself first Clarity is important, both in question and in answer. if you are answering someone else's question, please remember that clear answers are just as important as clear questions; would you understand your own answer? Things to consider when answering: -- have you tested your code example?  if you have, say so; if you've not tested your code example, also say so -- imho, it's okay to guess as long as you clearly state that you're guessing ... sometimes a wrong guess can still help the O.P. find her/his way to the right answer -- meanness does not contribute to being helpful; sometimes one may become frustrated with the O.P. and/or others participating in a thread, if that happens to you, be kind regardless; speaking from my own experience, at least once i've allowed myself to be frustrated into writing something inappropriate that i've regretted later ... being a meany does not feel good ... being kind and helpful feels fantastic! Tip:  before asking your question, read more than a few existing questions and answers to get a sense of how your peers ask and answer questions. Gerry P.S.:  try to avoid necroposting and piggy backing. necroposting is adding to an old post, especially one that was resolved months ago. piggy backing is adding your own question to someone else's thread.

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  • jQuery Selector Tester and Cheat Sheet

    - by SGWellens
    I've always appreciated these tools: Expresso and XPath Builder. They make designing regular expressions and XPath selectors almost fun! Did I say fun? I meant less painful. Being able to paste/load text and then interactively play with the search criteria is infinitely better than the code/compile/run/test cycle. It's faster and you get a much better feel for how the expressions work. So, I decided to make my own interactive tool to test jQuery selectors:  jQuery Selector Tester.   Here's a sneak peek: Note: There are some existing tools you may like better: http://www.woods.iki.fi/interactive-jquery-tester.html http://www.w3schools.com/jquery/trysel.asp?filename=trysel_basic&jqsel=p.intro,%23choose My tool is different: It is one page. You can save it and run it locally without a Web Server. It shows the results as a list of iterated objects instead of highlighted html. A cheat sheet is on the same page as the tester which is handy. I couldn't upload an .htm or .html file to this site so I hosted it on my personal site here: jQuery Selector Tester. Design Highlights: To make the interactive search work, I added a hidden div to the page: <!--Hidden div holds DOM elements for jQuery to search--><div id="HiddenDiv" style="display: none"></div> When ready to search, the searchable html text is copied into the hidden div…this renders the DOM tree in the hidden div: // get the html to search, insert it to the hidden divvar Html = $("#TextAreaHTML").val();$("#HiddenDiv").html(Html); When doing a search, I modify the search pattern to look only in the HiddenDiv. To do that, I put a space between the patterns.  The space is the Ancestor operator (see the Cheat Sheet): // modify search string to only search in our// hidden div and do the searchvar SearchString = "#HiddenDiv " + SearchPattern;try{    var $FoundItems = $(SearchString);}   Big Fat Stinking Faux Pas: I was about to publish this article when I made a big mistake: I tested the tool with Mozilla FireFox. It blowed up…it blowed up real good. In the past I’ve only had to target IE so this was quite a revelation. When I started to learn JavaScript, I was disgusted to see all the browser dependent code. Who wants to spend their time testing against different browsers and versions of browsers? Adding a bunch of ‘if-else’ code is a tedious and thankless task. I avoided client code as much as I could. Then jQuery came along and all was good. It was browser independent and freed us from the tedium of worrying about version N of the Acme browser. Right? Wrong! I had used outerHTML to display the selected elements. The problem is Mozilla FireFox doesn’t implement outerHTML. I replaced this: // encode the html markupvar OuterHtml = $('<div/>').text(this.outerHTML).html(); With this: // encode the html markupvar Html = $('<div>').append(this).html();var OuterHtml = $('<div/>').text(Html).html(); Another problem was that Mozilla FireFox doesn’t implement srcElement. I replaced this: var Row = e.srcElement.parentNode;  With this: var Row = e.target.parentNode; Another problem was the indexing. The browsers have different ways of indexing. I replaced this: // this cell has the search pattern  var Cell = Row.childNodes[1];   // put the pattern in the search box and search                    $("#TextSearchPattern").val(Cell.innerText);  With this: // get the correct cell and the text in the cell// place the text in the seach box and serachvar Cell = $(Row).find("TD:nth-child(2)");var CellText = Cell.text();$("#TextSearchPattern").val(CellText);   So much for the myth of browser independence. Was I overly optimistic and gullible? I don’t think so. And when I get my millions from the deposed Nigerian prince I sent money to, you’ll see that having faith is not futile. Notes: My goal was to have a single standalone file. I tried to keep the features and CSS to a minimum–adding only enough to make it useful and visually pleasing. When testing, I often thought there was a problem with the jQuery selector. Invariable it was invalid html code. If your results aren't what you expect, don't assume it's the jQuery selector pattern: The html may be invalid. To help in development and testing, I added a double-click handler to the rows in the Cheat Sheet table. If you double-click a row, the search pattern is put in the search box, a search is performed and the page is scrolled so you can see the results. I left the test html and code in the page. If you are using a CDN (non-local) version of the jQuery libraray, the designer in Visual Studio becomes extremely slow.  That's why there are two version of the library in the header and one is commented out. For reference, here is the jQuery documentation on selectors: http://api.jquery.com/category/selectors/ Here is a much more comprehensive list of CSS selectors (which jQuery uses): http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/selector.html I hope someone finds this useful. Steve WellensCodeProject

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  • DHCPv6: Provide IPv6 information in your local network

    Even though IPv6 might not be that important within your local network it might be good to get yourself into shape, and be able to provide some details of your infrastructure automatically to your network clients. This is the second article in a series on IPv6 configuration: Configure IPv6 on your Linux system DHCPv6: Provide IPv6 information in your local network Enabling DNS for IPv6 infrastructure Accessing your web server via IPv6 Piece of advice: This is based on my findings on the internet while reading other people's helpful articles and going through a couple of man-pages on my local system. IPv6 addresses for everyone (in your network) Okay, after setting up the configuration of your local system, it might be interesting to enable all your machines in your network to use IPv6. There are two options to solve this kind of requirement... Either you're busy like a bee and you go around to configure each and every system manually, or you're more the lazy and effective type of network administrator and you prefer to work with Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). Obviously, I'm of the second type. Enabling dynamic IPv6 address assignments can be done with a new or an existing instance of a DHCPd. In case of Ubuntu-based installation this might be isc-dhcp-server. The isc-dhcp-server allows address pooling for IP and IPv6 within the same package, you just have to run to independent daemons for each protocol version. First, check whether isc-dhcp-server is already installed and maybe running your machine like so: $ service isc-dhcp-server6 status In case, that the service is unknown, you have to install it like so: $ sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server Please bear in mind that there is no designated installation package for IPv6. Okay, next you have to create a separate configuration file for IPv6 address pooling and network parameters called /etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf. This file is not automatically provided by the package, compared to IPv4. Again, use your favourite editor and put the following lines: $ sudo nano /etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf authoritative;default-lease-time 14400; max-lease-time 86400;log-facility local7;subnet6 2001:db8:bad:a55::/64 {    option dhcp6.name-servers 2001:4860:4860::8888, 2001:4860:4860::8844;    option dhcp6.domain-search "ios.mu";    range6 2001:db8:bad:a55::100 2001:db8:bad:a55::199;    range6 2001:db8:bad:a55::/64 temporary;} Next, save the file and start the daemon as a foreground process to see whether it is going to listen to requests or not, like so: $ sudo /usr/sbin/dhcpd -6 -d -cf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf eth0 The parameters are explained quickly as -6 we want to run as a DHCPv6 server, -d we are sending log messages to the standard error descriptor (so you should monitor your /var/log/syslog file, too), and we explicitely want to use our newly created configuration file (-cf). You might also use the command switch -t to test the configuration file prior to running the server. In my case, I ended up with a couple of complaints by the server, especially reporting that the necessary lease file wouldn't exist. So, ensure that the lease file for your IPv6 address assignments is present: $ sudo touch /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd6.leases$ sudo chown dhcpd:dhcpd /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd6.leases Now, you should be good to go. Stop your foreground process and try to run the DHCPv6 server as a service on your system: $ sudo service isc-dhcp-server6 startisc-dhcp-server6 start/running, process 15883 Check your log file /var/log/syslog for any kind of problems. Refer to the man-pages of isc-dhcp-server and you might check out Chapter 22.6 of Peter Bieringer's IPv6 Howto. The instructions regarding DHCPv6 on the Ubuntu Wiki are not as complete as expected and it might not be as helpful as this article or Peter's HOWTO. But see for yourself. Does the client get an IPv6 address? Running a DHCPv6 server on your local network surely comes in handy but it has to work properly. The following paragraphs describe briefly how to check the IPv6 configuration of your clients, Linux - ifconfig or ip command First, you have enable IPv6 on your Linux by specifying the necessary directives in the /etc/network/interfaces file, like so: $ sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces iface eth1 inet6 dhcp Note: Your network device might be eth0 - please don't just copy my configuration lines. Then, either restart your network subsystem, or enable the device manually using the dhclient command with IPv6 switch, like so: $ sudo dhclient -6 You would either use the ifconfig or (if installed) the ip command to check the configuration of your network device like so: $ sudo ifconfig eth1eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:1d:09:5d:8d:98            inet addr:192.168.160.147  Bcast:192.168.160.255  Mask:255.255.255.0          inet6 addr: 2001:db8:bad:a55::193/64 Scope:Global          inet6 addr: fe80::21d:9ff:fe5d:8d98/64 Scope:Link          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1 Looks good, the client has an IPv6 assignment. Now, let's see whether DNS information has been provided, too. $ less /etc/resolv.conf # Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)#     DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTENnameserver 2001:4860:4860::8888nameserver 2001:4860:4860::8844nameserver 192.168.1.2nameserver 127.0.1.1search ios.mu Nicely done. Windows - netsh Per description on TechNet the netsh is defined as following: "Netsh is a command-line scripting utility that allows you to, either locally or remotely, display or modify the network configuration of a computer that is currently running. Netsh also provides a scripting feature that allows you to run a group of commands in batch mode against a specified computer. Netsh can also save a configuration script in a text file for archival purposes or to help you configure other servers." And even though TechNet states that it applies to Windows Server (only), it is also available on Windows client operating systems, like Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 8. In order to get or even set information related to IPv6 protocol, we have to switch the netsh interface context prior to our queries. Open a command prompt in Windows and run the following statements: C:\Users\joki>netshnetsh>interface ipv6netsh interface ipv6>show interfaces Select the device index from the Idx column to get more details about the IPv6 address and DNS server information (here: I'm going to use my WiFi device with device index 11), like so: netsh interface ipv6>show address 11 Okay, address information has been provided. Now, let's check the details about DNS and resolving host names: netsh interface ipv6> show dnsservers 11 Okay, that looks good already. Our Windows client has a valid IPv6 address lease with lifetime information and details about the configured DNS servers. Talking about DNS server... Your clients should be able to connect to your network servers via IPv6 using hostnames instead of IPv6 addresses. Please read on about how to enable a local named with IPv6.

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  • Handling HumanTask attachments in Oracle BPM 11g PS4FP+ (I)

    - by ccasares
    Adding attachments to a HumanTask is a feature that exists in Oracle HWF (Human Workflow) since 10g. However, in 11g there have been many improvements on this feature and this entry will try to summarize them. Oracle BPM 11g 11.1.1.5.1 (aka PS4 Feature Pack or PS4FP) introduced two great features: Ability to link attachments at a Task scope or at a Process scope: "Task" attachments are only visible within the scope (lifetime) of a task. This means that, initially, any member of the assignment pattern of the Human Task will be able to handle (add, review or remove) attachments. However, once the task is completed, subsequent human tasks will not have access to them. This does not mean those attachments got lost. Once the human task is completed, attachments can be retrieved in order to, i.e., check them in to a Content Server or to inject them to a new and different human task. Aside note: a "re-initiated" human task will inherit comments and attachments, along with history and -optionally- payload. See here for more info. "Process" attachments are visible within the scope of the process. This means that subsequent human tasks in the same process instance will have access to them. Ability to use Oracle WebCenter Content (previously known as "Oracle UCM") as the backend for the attachments instead of using HWF database backend. This feature adds all content server document lifecycle capabilities to HWF attachments (versioning, RBAC, metadata management, etc). As of today, only Oracle WCC is supported. However, Oracle BPM Suite does include a license of Oracle WCC for the solely usage of document management within BPM scope. Here are some code samples that leverage the above features. Retrieving uploaded attachments -Non UCM- Non UCM attachments (default ones or those that have existed from 10g, and are stored "as-is" in HWK database backend) can be retrieved after the completion of the Human Task. Firstly, we need to know whether any attachment has been effectively uploaded to the human task. There are two ways to find it out: Through an XPath function: Checking the execData/attachment[] structure. For example: Once we are sure one ore more attachments were uploaded to the Human Task, we want to get them. In this example, by "get" I mean to get the attachment name and the payload of the file. Aside note: Oracle HWF lets you to upload two kind of [non-UCM] attachments: a desktop document and a Web URL. This example focuses just on the desktop document one. In order to "retrieve" an uploaded Web URL, you can get it directly from the execData/attachment[] structure. Attachment content (payload) is retrieved through the getTaskAttachmentContents() XPath function: This example shows how to retrieve as many attachments as those had been uploaded to the Human Task and write them to the server using the File Adapter service. The sample process excerpt is as follows:  A dummy UserTask using "HumanTask1" Human Task followed by a Embedded Subprocess that will retrieve the attachments (we're assuming at least one attachment is uploaded): and once retrieved, we will write each of them back to a file in the server using a File Adapter service: In detail: We've defined an XSD structure that will hold the attachments (both name and payload): Then, we can create a BusinessObject based on such element (attachmentCollection) and create a variable (named attachmentBPM) of such BusinessObject type. We will also need to keep a copy of the HumanTask output's execData structure. Therefore we need to create a variable of type TaskExecutionData... ...and copy the HumanTask output execData to it: Now we get into the embedded subprocess that will retrieve the attachments' payload. First, and using an XSLT transformation, we feed the attachmentBPM variable with the name of each attachment and setting an empty value to the payload: Please note that we're using the XSLT for-each node to create as many target structures as necessary. Also note that we're setting an Empty text to the payload variable. The reason for this is to make sure the <payload></payload> tag gets created. This is needed when we map the payload to the XML variable later. Aside note: We are assuming that we're retrieving non-UCM attachments. However in real life you might want to check the type of attachment you're handling. The execData/attachment[]/storageType contains the values "UCM" for UCM type attachments, "TASK" for non-UCM ones or "URL" for Web URL ones. Those values are part of the "Ext.Com.Oracle.Xmlns.Bpel.Workflow.Task.StorageTypeEnum" enumeration. Once we have fed the attachmentsBPM structure and so it now contains the name of each of the attachments, it is time to iterate through it and get the payload. Therefore we will use a new embedded subprocess of type MultiInstance, that will iterate over the attachmentsBPM/attachment[] element: In every iteration we will use a Script activity to map the corresponding payload element with the result of the XPath function getTaskAttachmentContents(). Please, note how the target array element is indexed with the loopCounter predefined variable, so that we make sure we're feeding the right element during the array iteration:  The XPath function used looks as follows: hwf:getTaskAttachmentContents(bpmn:getDataObject('UserTask1LocalExecData')/ns1:systemAttributes/ns1:taskId, bpmn:getDataObject('attachmentsBPM')/ns:attachment[bpmn:getActivityInstanceAttribute('SUBPROCESS3067107484296', 'loopCounter')]/ns:fileName)  where the input parameters are: taskId of the just completed Human Task attachment name we're retrieving the payload from array index (loopCounter predefined variable)  Aside note: The reason whereby we're iterating the execData/attachment[] structure through embedded subprocess and not, i.e., using XSLT and for-each nodes, is mostly because the getTaskAttachmentContents() XPath function is currently not available in XSLT mappings. So all this example might be considered as a workaround until this gets fixed/enhanced in future releases. Once this embedded subprocess ends, we will have all attachments (name + payload) in the attachmentsBPM variable, which is the main goal of this sample. But in order to test everything runs fine, we finish the sample writing each attachment to a file. To that end we include a final embedded subprocess to concurrently iterate through each attachmentsBPM/attachment[] element: On each iteration we will use a Service activity that invokes a File Adapter write service. In here we have two important parameters to set. First, the payload itself. The file adapter awaits binary data in base64 format (string). We have to map it using XPath (Simple mapping doesn't recognize a String as a base64-binary valid target):  Second, we must set the target filename using the Service Properties dialog box:  Again, note how we're making use of the loopCounter index variable to get the right element within the embedded subprocess iteration. Handling UCM attachments will be part of a different and upcoming blog entry. Once I finish will all posts on this matter, I will upload the whole sample project to java.net.

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  • C#/.NET Little Wonders: Using &lsquo;default&rsquo; to Get Default Values

    - by James Michael Hare
    Once again, in this series of posts I look at the parts of the .NET Framework that may seem trivial, but can help improve your code by making it easier to write and maintain. The index of all my past little wonders posts can be found here. Today’s little wonder is another of those small items that can help a lot in certain situations, especially when writing generics.  In particular, it is useful in determining what the default value of a given type would be. The Problem: what’s the default value for a generic type? There comes a time when you’re writing generic code where you may want to set an item of a given generic type.  Seems simple enough, right?  We’ll let’s see! Let’s say we want to query a Dictionary<TKey, TValue> for a given key and get back the value, but if the key doesn’t exist, we’d like a default value instead of throwing an exception. So, for example, we might have a the following dictionary defined: 1: var lookup = new Dictionary<int, string> 2: { 3: { 1, "Apple" }, 4: { 2, "Orange" }, 5: { 3, "Banana" }, 6: { 4, "Pear" }, 7: { 9, "Peach" } 8: }; And using those definitions, perhaps we want to do something like this: 1: // assume a default 2: string value = "Unknown"; 3:  4: // if the item exists in dictionary, get its value 5: if (lookup.ContainsKey(5)) 6: { 7: value = lookup[5]; 8: } But that’s inefficient, because then we’re double-hashing (once for ContainsKey() and once for the indexer).  Well, to avoid the double-hashing, we could use TryGetValue() instead: 1: string value; 2:  3: // if key exists, value will be put in value, if not default it 4: if (!lookup.TryGetValue(5, out value)) 5: { 6: value = "Unknown"; 7: } But the “flow” of using of TryGetValue() can get clunky at times when you just want to assign either the value or a default to a variable.  Essentially it’s 3-ish lines (depending on formatting) for 1 assignment.  So perhaps instead we’d like to write an extension method to support a cleaner interface that will return a default if the item isn’t found: 1: public static class DictionaryExtensions 2: { 3: public static TValue GetValueOrDefault<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dict, 4: TKey key, TValue defaultIfNotFound) 5: { 6: TValue value; 7:  8: // value will be the result or the default for TValue 9: if (!dict.TryGetValue(key, out value)) 10: { 11: value = defaultIfNotFound; 12: } 13:  14: return value; 15: } 16: } 17:  So this creates an extension method on Dictionary<TKey, TValue> that will attempt to get a value using the given key, and will return the defaultIfNotFound as a stand-in if the key does not exist. This code compiles, fine, but what if we would like to go one step further and allow them to specify a default if not found, or accept the default for the type?  Obviously, we could overload the method to take the default or not, but that would be duplicated code and a bit heavy for just specifying a default.  It seems reasonable that we could set the not found value to be either the default for the type, or the specified value. So what if we defaulted the type to null? 1: public static TValue GetValueOrDefault<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dict, 2: TKey key, TValue defaultIfNotFound = null) // ... No, this won’t work, because only reference types (and Nullable<T> wrapped types due to syntactical sugar) can be assigned to null.  So what about a calling parameterless constructor? 1: public static TValue GetValueOrDefault<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dict, 2: TKey key, TValue defaultIfNotFound = new TValue()) // ... No, this won’t work either for several reasons.  First, we’d expect a reference type to return null, not an “empty” instance.  Secondly, not all reference types have a parameter-less constructor (string for example does not).  And finally, a constructor cannot be determined at compile-time, while default values can. The Solution: default(T) – returns the default value for type T Many of us know the default keyword for its uses in switch statements as the default case.  But it has another use as well: it can return us the default value for a given type.  And since it generates the same defaults that default field initialization uses, it can be determined at compile-time as well. For example: 1: var x = default(int); // x is 0 2:  3: var y = default(bool); // y is false 4:  5: var z = default(string); // z is null 6:  7: var t = default(TimeSpan); // t is a TimeSpan with Ticks == 0 8:  9: var n = default(int?); // n is a Nullable<int> with HasValue == false Notice that for numeric types the default is 0, and for reference types the default is null.  In addition, for struct types, the value is a default-constructed struct – which simply means a struct where every field has their default value (hence 0 Ticks for TimeSpan, etc.). So using this, we could modify our code to this: 1: public static class DictionaryExtensions 2: { 3: public static TValue GetValueOrDefault<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dict, 4: TKey key, TValue defaultIfNotFound = default(TValue)) 5: { 6: TValue value; 7:  8: // value will be the result or the default for TValue 9: if (!dict.TryGetValue(key, out value)) 10: { 11: value = defaultIfNotFound; 12: } 13:  14: return value; 15: } 16: } Now, if defaultIfNotFound is unspecified, it will use default(TValue) which will be the default value for whatever value type the dictionary holds.  So let’s consider how we could use this: 1: lookup.GetValueOrDefault(1); // returns “Apple” 2:  3: lookup.GetValueOrDefault(5); // returns null 4:  5: lookup.GetValueOrDefault(5, “Unknown”); // returns “Unknown” 6:  Again, do not confuse a parameter-less constructor with the default value for a type.  Remember that the default value for any type is the compile-time default for any instance of that type (0 for numeric, false for bool, null for reference types, and struct will all default fields for struct).  Consider the difference: 1: // both zero 2: int i1 = default(int); 3: int i2 = new int(); 4:  5: // both “zeroed” structs 6: var dt1 = default(DateTime); 7: var dt2 = new DateTime(); 8:  9: // sb1 is null, sb2 is an “empty” string builder 10: var sb1 = default(StringBuilder()); 11: var sb2 = new StringBuilder(); So in the above code, notice that the value types all resolve the same whether using default or parameter-less construction.  This is because a value type is never null (even Nullable<T> wrapped types are never “null” in a reference sense), they will just by default contain fields with all default values. However, for reference types, the default is null and not a constructed instance.  Also it should be noted that not all classes have parameter-less constructors (string, for instance, doesn’t have one – and doesn’t need one). Summary Whenever you need to get the default value for a type, especially a generic type, consider using the default keyword.  This handy word will give you the default value for the given type at compile-time, which can then be used for initialization, optional parameters, etc. Technorati Tags: C#,CSharp,.NET,Little Wonders,default

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  • Joins in single-table queries

    - by Rob Farley
    Tables are only metadata. They don’t store data. I’ve written something about this before, but I want to take a viewpoint of this idea around the topic of joins, especially since it’s the topic for T-SQL Tuesday this month. Hosted this time by Sebastian Meine (@sqlity), who has a whole series on joins this month. Good for him – it’s a great topic. In that last post I discussed the fact that we write queries against tables, but that the engine turns it into a plan against indexes. My point wasn’t simply that a table is actually just a Clustered Index (or heap, which I consider just a special type of index), but that data access always happens against indexes – never tables – and we should be thinking about the indexes (specifically the non-clustered ones) when we write our queries. I described the scenario of looking up phone numbers, and how it never really occurs to us that there is a master list of phone numbers, because we think in terms of the useful non-clustered indexes that the phone companies provide us, but anyway – that’s not the point of this post. So a table is metadata. It stores information about the names of columns and their data types. Nullability, default values, constraints, triggers – these are all things that define the table, but the data isn’t stored in the table. The data that a table describes is stored in a heap or clustered index, but it goes further than this. All the useful data is going to live in non-clustered indexes. Remember this. It’s important. Stop thinking about tables, and start thinking about indexes. So let’s think about tables as indexes. This applies even in a world created by someone else, who doesn’t have the best indexes in mind for you. I’m sure you don’t need me to explain Covering Index bit – the fact that if you don’t have sufficient columns “included” in your index, your query plan will either have to do a Lookup, or else it’ll give up using your index and use one that does have everything it needs (even if that means scanning it). If you haven’t seen that before, drop me a line and I’ll run through it with you. Or go and read a post I did a long while ago about the maths involved in that decision. So – what I’m going to tell you is that a Lookup is a join. When I run SELECT CustomerID FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader WHERE SalesPersonID = 285; against the AdventureWorks2012 get the following plan: I’m sure you can see the join. Don’t look in the query, it’s not there. But you should be able to see the join in the plan. It’s an Inner Join, implemented by a Nested Loop. It’s pulling data in from the Index Seek, and joining that to the results of a Key Lookup. It clearly is – the QO wouldn’t call it that if it wasn’t really one. It behaves exactly like any other Nested Loop (Inner Join) operator, pulling rows from one side and putting a request in from the other. You wouldn’t have a problem accepting it as a join if the query were slightly different, such as SELECT sod.OrderQty FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS soh JOIN Sales.SalesOrderDetail as sod on sod.SalesOrderID = soh.SalesOrderID WHERE soh.SalesPersonID = 285; Amazingly similar, of course. This one is an explicit join, the first example was just as much a join, even thought you didn’t actually ask for one. You need to consider this when you’re thinking about your queries. But it gets more interesting. Consider this query: SELECT SalesOrderID FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader WHERE SalesPersonID = 276 AND CustomerID = 29522; It doesn’t look like there’s a join here either, but look at the plan. That’s not some Lookup in action – that’s a proper Merge Join. The Query Optimizer has worked out that it can get the data it needs by looking in two separate indexes and then doing a Merge Join on the data that it gets. Both indexes used are ordered by the column that’s indexed (one on SalesPersonID, one on CustomerID), and then by the CIX key SalesOrderID. Just like when you seek in the phone book to Farley, the Farleys you have are ordered by FirstName, these seek operations return the data ordered by the next field. This order is SalesOrderID, even though you didn’t explicitly put that column in the index definition. The result is two datasets that are ordered by SalesOrderID, making them very mergeable. Another example is the simple query SELECT CustomerID FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader WHERE SalesPersonID = 276; This one prefers a Hash Match to a standard lookup even! This isn’t just ordinary index intersection, this is something else again! Just like before, we could imagine it better with two whole tables, but we shouldn’t try to distinguish between joining two tables and joining two indexes. The Query Optimizer can see (using basic maths) that it’s worth doing these particular operations using these two less-than-ideal indexes (because of course, the best indexese would be on both columns – a composite such as (SalesPersonID, CustomerID – and it would have the SalesOrderID column as part of it as the CIX key still). You need to think like this too. Not in terms of excusing single-column indexes like the ones in AdventureWorks2012, but in terms of having a picture about how you’d like your queries to run. If you start to think about what data you need, where it’s coming from, and how it’s going to be used, then you will almost certainly write better queries. …and yes, this would include when you’re dealing with regular joins across multiples, not just against joins within single table queries.

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  • IntelliSense for Razor Hosting in non-Web Applications

    - by Rick Strahl
    When I posted my Razor Hosting article a couple of weeks ago I got a number of questions on how to get IntelliSense to work inside of Visual Studio while editing your templates. The answer to this question is mainly dependent on how Visual Studio recognizes assemblies, so a little background is required. If you open a template just on its own as a standalone file by clicking on it say in Explorer, Visual Studio will open up with the template in the editor, but you won’t get any IntelliSense on any of your related assemblies that you might be using by default. It’ll give Intellisense on base System namespace, but not on your imported assembly types. This makes sense: Visual Studio has no idea what the assembly associations for the single file are. There are two options available to you to make IntelliSense work for templates: Add the templates as included files to your non-Web project Add a BIN folder to your template’s folder and add all assemblies required there Including Templates in your Host Project By including templates into your Razor hosting project, Visual Studio will pick up the project’s assembly references and make IntelliSense available for any of the custom types in your project and on your templates. To see this work I moved the \Templates folder from the samples from the Debug\Bin folder into the project root and included the templates in the WinForm sample project. Here’s what this looks like in Visual Studio after the templates have been included:   Notice that I take my original example and type cast the Context object to the specific type that it actually represents – namely CustomContext – by using a simple code block: @{ CustomContext Model = Context as CustomContext; } After that assignment my Model local variable is in scope and IntelliSense works as expected. Note that you also will need to add any namespaces with the using command in this case: @using RazorHostingWinForm which has to be defined at the very top of a Razor document. BTW, while you can only pass in a single Context 'parameter’ to the template with the default template I’ve provided realize that you can also assign a complex object to Context. For example you could have a container object that references a variety of other objects which you can then cast to the appropriate types as needed: @{ ContextContainer container = Context as ContextContainer; CustomContext Model = container.Model; CustomDAO DAO = container.DAO; } and so forth. IntelliSense for your Custom Template Notice also that you can get IntelliSense for the top level template by specifying an inherits tag at the top of the document: @inherits RazorHosting.RazorTemplateFolderHost By specifying the above you can then get IntelliSense on your base template’s properties. For example, in my base template there are Request and Response objects. This is very useful especially if you end up creating custom templates that include your custom business objects as you can get effectively see full IntelliSense from the ‘page’ level down. For Html Help Builder for example, I’d have a Help object on the page and assuming I have the references available I can see all the way into that Help object without even having to do anything fancy. Note that the @inherits key is a GREAT and easy way to override the base template you normally specify as the default template. It allows you to create a custom template and as long as it inherits from the base template it’ll work properly. Since the last post I’ve also made some changes in the base template that allow hooking up some simple initialization logic so it gets much more easy to create custom templates and hook up custom objects with an IntializeTemplate() hook function that gets called with the Context and a Configuration object. These objects are objects you can pass in at runtime from your host application and then assign to custom properties on your template. For example the default implementation for RazorTemplateFolderHost does this: public override void InitializeTemplate(object context, object configurationData) { // Pick up configuration data and stuff into Request object RazorFolderHostTemplateConfiguration config = configurationData as RazorFolderHostTemplateConfiguration; this.Request.TemplatePath = config.TemplatePath; this.Request.TemplateRelativePath = config.TemplateRelativePath; // Just use the entire ConfigData as the model, but in theory // configData could contain many objects or values to set on // template properties this.Model = config.ConfigData as TModel; } to set up a strongly typed Model and the Request object. You can do much more complex hookups here of course and create complex base template pages that contain all the objects that you need in your code with strong typing. Adding a Bin folder to your Template’s Root Path Including templates in your host project works if you own the project and you’re the only one modifying the templates. However, if you are distributing the Razor engine as a templating/scripting solution as part of your application or development tool the original project is likely not available and so that approach is not practical. Another option you have is to add a Bin folder and add all the related assemblies into it. You can also add a Web.Config file with assembly references for any GAC’d assembly references that need to be associated with the templates. Between the web.config and bin folder Visual Studio can figure out how to provide IntelliSense. The Bin folder should contain: The RazorHosting.dll Your host project’s EXE or DLL – renamed to .dll if it’s an .exe Any external (bin folder) dependent assemblies Note that you most likely also want a reference to the host project if it contains references that are going to be used in templates. Visual Studio doesn’t recognize an EXE reference so you have to rename the EXE to DLL to make it work. Apparently the binary signature of EXE and DLL files are identical and it just works – learn something new everyday… For GAC assembly references you can add a web.config file to your template root. The Web.config file then should contain any full assembly references to GAC components: <configuration> <system.web> <compilation debug="true"> <assemblies> <add assembly="System.Web.Mvc, Version=3.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add assembly="System.Web, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" /> <add assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> </assemblies> </compilation> </system.web> </configuration> And with that you should get full IntelliSense. Note that if you add a BIN folder and you also have the templates in your Visual Studio project Visual Studio will complain about reference conflicts as it’s effectively seeing both the project references and the ones in the bin folder. So it’s probably a good idea to use one or the other but not both at the same time :-) Seeing IntelliSense in your Razor templates is a big help for users of your templates. If you’re shipping an application level scripting solution especially it’ll be real useful for your template consumers/users to be able to get some quick help on creating customized templates – after all that’s what templates are all about – easy customization. Making sure that everything is referenced in your bin folder and web.config is a good idea and it’s great to see that Visual Studio (and presumably WebMatrix/Visual Web Developer as well) will be able to pick up your custom IntelliSense in Razor templates.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in Razor  

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  • Unable to connect to OpenVPN server

    - by Incognito
    I'm trying to get a working setup of OpenVPN on my VM and authenticate into it from a client. I'm not sure but it looks to me like it's socket related, as it's not set to LISTEN, and localhost seems wrong. I've never set up VPN before. # netstat -tulpn | grep vpn Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:1194 0.0.0.0:* 24059/openvpn I don't think this is set up correctly. Here's some detail into what I've done. I have a VPS from MediaTemple: These are my interfaces before starting openvpn: lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:39482 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:39482 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:3237452 (3.2 MB) TX bytes:3237452 (3.2 MB) venet0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:127.0.0.1 P-t-P:127.0.0.1 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4885284 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4679884 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:835278537 (835.2 MB) TX bytes:1989289617 (1.9 GB) venet0:0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:205.[redacted] P-t-P:205.186.148.82 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 I've followed this guide on setting up a basic server and getting a .p12 file, however, I was receiving an error that stated /dev/net/tun was missing, so I created it mkdir -p /dev/net mknod /dev/net/tun c 10 200 chmod 600 /dev/net/tun This resolved the error preventing the service from launching, however, I am unable to connect. On the server I've set up the myserver.conf file (as per the tutorial) to indicate local 127.0.0.1 (I've also attempted with the public IP address, perhaps I don't understand what they mean by local IP?). The server launches without error, this is what the log looks like when it starts: Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 OpenVPN 2.1.3 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH] [PF_INET6] [eurephia] built on Mar 11 2011 Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 IMPORTANT: OpenVPN's default port number is now 1194, based on an official port number assignment by IANA. OpenVPN 2.0-beta16 and earlier used 5000 as the default port. Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 /usr/bin/openssl-vulnkey -q -b 1024 -m <modulus omitted> Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 TUN/TAP device tun0 opened Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.8.0.1 pointopoint 10.8.0.2 mtu 1500 Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 GID set to openvpn Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 UID set to openvpn Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 UDPv4 link local (bound): [AF_INET]127.0.0.1:1194 Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 UDPv4 link remote: [undef] Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 Initialization Sequence Completed This creates a tun0 interface that looks like this: tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:10.8.0.1 P-t-P:10.8.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) And the netstat command still indicates the state is not set to LISTEN. On the client-side I've installed the p12 certs onto two devices (one is an android tablet, the other is an Ubuntu desktop). I don't see port 1194 as open either. Both clients install the cert files and then ask me for the L2TP secret (which was set on the file), but then they oddly ask me for a username and a password, which I don't know where I could possibly get those from. I attempted all of my logins, and some whacky guesses that were frantically pulling at straws. If there's any more information I could provide let me know.

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  • ASP.NET Web Forms Extensibility: Control Adapters

    - by Ricardo Peres
    All ASP.NET controls from version 2.0 can be associated with a control adapter. A control adapter is a class that inherits from ControlAdapter and it has the chance to interact with the control(s) it is targeting so as to change some of its properties or alter its output. I talked about control adapters before and they really a cool feature. The ControlAdapter class exposes virtual methods for some well known lifecycle events, OnInit, OnLoad, OnPreRender and OnUnload that closely match their Control counterparts, but are fired before them. Because the control adapter has a reference to its target Control, it can cast it to its concrete class and do something with it before its lifecycle events are actually fired. The adapter is also notified before the control is rendered (BeginRender), after their children are renderes (RenderChildren) and after itself is rendered (Render): this way the adapter can modify the control’s output. Control adapters may be specified for any class inheriting from Control, including abstract classes, web server controls and even pages. You can, for example, specify a control adapter for the WebControl and UserControl classes, but, curiously, not for Control itself. When specifying a control adapter for a page, it must inherit from PageAdapter instead of ControlAdapter. The adapter for a control, if specified, can be found on the protected Adapter property, and for a page, on the PageAdapter property. The first use of control adapters that came to my attention was for changing the output of standard ASP.NET web controls so that they were more based on CSS and less on HTML tables: it was the CSS Friendly Control Adapters project, now available at http://code.google.com/p/aspnetcontroladapters/. They are interesting because you specify them in one location and they apply anywhere a control of the target type is created. Mind you, it applies to controls declared on markup as well as controls created by code with the new operator. So, how do you use control adapters? The most usual way is through a browser definition file. In it, you specify a set of control adapters and their target controls, for a given browser. This browser definition file is a XML file with extension .Browser, and can either be global (%WINDIR%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\vXXXX\Config\Browsers) or local to the web application, in which case, it must be placed inside the App_Browsers folder at the root of the web site. It looks like this: 1: <browsers> 2: <browser refID="Default"> 3: <controlAdapters> 4: <adapter controlType="System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox" adapterType="MyNamespace.TextBoxAdapter, MyAssembly" /> 5: </controlAdapters> 6: </browser> 7: </browsers> A browser definition file targets a specific browser, so you can have different definitions for Chrome, IE, Firefox, Opera, as well as for specific version of each of those (like IE8, Firefox3). Alternatively, if you set the target to Default, it will apply to all. The reason to pick a specific browser and version might be, for example, in order to circumvent some limitation present in that specific version, so that on markup you don’t need to be concerned with that. Another option is through the the current Browser object of the request: 1: this.Context.Request.Browser.Adapters.Add(typeof(TextBox).FullName, typeof(TextBoxAdapter).FullName); This must go very early on the page lifecycle, for example, on the OnPreInit event, or even on Application_Start. You have to specify the full class name for both the target control and the adapter. Of course, you have to do this for every request, because it won’t be persisted. As an example, you may know that the classic TextBox control renders an HTML input tag if its TextMode is set to SingleLine and a textarea if set to MultiLine. Because the textarea has no notion of maximum length, unlike the input, something must be done in order to enforce this. Here’s a simple suggestion: 1: public class TextBoxControlAdapter : ControlAdapter 2: { 3: protected TextBox Target 4: { 5: get 6: { 7: return (this.Control as TextBox); 8: } 9: } 10:  11: protected override void OnLoad(EventArgs e) 12: { 13: if ((this.Target.MaxLength > 0) && (this.Target.TextMode == TextBoxMode.MultiLine)) 14: { 15: if (this.Target.Page.ClientScript.IsClientScriptBlockRegistered("TextBox_KeyUp") == false) 16: { 17: if (this.Target.Page.ClientScript.IsClientScriptBlockRegistered(this.Target.Page.GetType(), "TextBox_KeyUp") == false) 18: { 19: String script = String.Concat("function TextBox_KeyUp(sender) { if (sender.value.length > ", this.Target.MaxLength, ") { sender.value = sender.value.substr(0, ", this.Target.MaxLength, "); } }\n"); 20:  21: this.Target.Page.ClientScript.RegisterClientScriptBlock(this.Target.Page.GetType(), "TextBox_KeyUp", script, true); 22: } 23:  24: this.Target.Attributes["onkeyup"] = "TextBox_KeyUp(this)"; 25: } 26: } 27: 28: base.OnLoad(e); 29: } 30: } What it does is, for every TextBox control, if it is set for multi line and has a defined maximum length, it injects some JavaScript that will filter out any content that exceeds this maximum length. This will occur for any TextBox that you may have on your site, or any class that inherits from it. You can use any of the previous options to register this adapter. Stay tuned for more ASP.NET Web Forms extensibility tips!

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  • Is this proper OO design for C++?

    - by user121917
    I recently took a software processes course and this is my first time attempting OO design on my own. I am trying to follow OO design principles and C++ conventions. I attempted and gave up on MVC for this application, but I am trying to "decouple" my classes such that they can be easily unit-tested and so that I can easily change the GUI library used and/or the target OS. At this time, I have finished designing classes but have not yet started implementing methods. The function of the software is to log all packets sent and received, and display them on the screen (like WireShark, but for one local process only). The software accomplishes this by hooking the send() and recv() functions in winsock32.dll, or some other pair of analogous functions depending on what the intended Target is. The hooks add packets to SendPacketList/RecvPacketList. The GuiLogic class starts a thread which checks for new packets. When new packets are found, it utilizes the PacketFilter class to determine the formatting for the new packet, and then sends it to MainWindow, a native win32 window (with intent to later port to Qt).1 Full size image of UML class diagram Here are my classes in skeleton/header form (this is my actual code): class PacketModel { protected: std::vector<byte> data; int id; public: PacketModel(); PacketModel(byte* data, unsigned int size); PacketModel(int id, byte* data, unsigned int size); int GetLen(); bool IsValid(); //len >= sizeof(opcode_t) opcode_t GetOpcode(); byte* GetData(); //returns &(data[0]) bool GetData(byte* outdata, int maxlen); void SetData(byte* pdata, int len); int GetId(); void SetId(int id); bool ParseData(char* instr); bool StringRepr(char* outstr); byte& operator[] (const int index); }; class SendPacket : public PacketModel { protected: byte* returnAddy; public: byte* GetReturnAddy(); void SetReturnAddy(byte* addy); }; class RecvPacket : public PacketModel { protected: byte* callAddy; public: byte* GetCallAddy(); void SetCallAddy(byte* addy); }; //problem: packets may be added to list at any time by any number of threads //solution: critical section associated with each packet list class Synch { public: void Enter(); void Leave(); }; template<class PacketType> class PacketList { private: static const int MAX_STORED_PACKETS = 1000; public: static const int DEFAULT_SHOWN_PACKETS = 100; private: vector<PacketType> list; Synch synch; //wrapper for critical section public: void AddPacket(PacketType* packet); PacketType* GetPacket(int id); int TotalPackets(); }; class SendPacketList : PacketList<SendPacket> { }; class RecvPacketList : PacketList<RecvPacket> { }; class Target //one socket { bool Send(SendPacket* packet); bool Inject(RecvPacket* packet); bool InitSendHook(SendPacketList* sendList); bool InitRecvHook(RecvPacketList* recvList); }; class FilterModel { private: opcode_t opcode; int colorID; bool bFilter; char name[41]; }; class FilterFile { private: FilterModel filter; public: void Save(); void Load(); FilterModel* GetFilter(opcode_t opcode); }; class PacketFilter { private: FilterFile filters; public: bool IsFiltered(opcode_t opcode); bool GetName(opcode_t opcode, char* namestr); //return false if name does not exist COLORREF GetColor(opcode_t opcode); //return default color if no custom color }; class GuiLogic { private: SendPacketList sendList; RecvPacketList recvList; PacketFilter packetFilter; void GetPacketRepr(PacketModel* packet); void ReadNew(); void AddToWindow(); public: void Refresh(); //called from thread void GetPacketInfo(int id); //called from MainWindow }; I'm looking for a general review of my OO design, use of UML, and use of C++ features. I especially just want to know if I'm doing anything considerably wrong. From what I've read, design review is on-topic for this site (and off-topic for the Code Review site). Any sort of feedback is greatly appreciated. Thanks for reading this.

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