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• Is zip's encryption really bad?

  - by Nifle

  The standard advice for many years regarding compression and encryption has been that the encryption strength of zip is bad. Is this really the case in this day and age? I read this article about WinZip (it has had the same bad reputation). According to that article the problem is removed provided you follow a few rules when choosing your password. At least 12 characters in length Be random not contain any dictionary, common words or names At least one Upper Case Character Have at least one Lower Case Character Have at least one Numeric Character Have at least one Special Character e.g. $,£,*,%,&,! This would result in roughly 475,920,314,814,253,000,000,000 possible combinations to brute force Please provide recent (say past five years) links to back up your information.

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• Kernel Log "TCP: Treason uncloaked!"

  - by hurikhan77

  On one linux server (Gentoo hardened), we are experiencing bursts of the following messages in dmesg from time to time: TCP: Treason uncloaked! Peer xx.xx.xxx.xxx:65039/80 shrinks window 4094157295:4094160199. Repaired. Is there anything we should take care of or is this normal? Update: Maybe related, we are using net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = cubic. Kernel version is 2.6.28 with Gentoo hardening patches.

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• Prevent registry changes by users

  - by graf_ignotiev

  Background: I run a small computer lab of 10 computers using Windows 7 x64 Enterprise. Our users are set up as limited users. For additional restrictions, I set up local group policy for non-administrators using the microsoft management console. Problem: Recently, I found out that some of these restrictions had been removed. Reviewing the settings MMC and in ntuser.pol showed that the settings should still be in place. However, the related registry settings were missing in ntuser.dat. I already have registry editing disabled in the GPO (though not in silent mode). Question: What is the best way to deal with this situation? Should I look into preventing registry setting changes? Should I set up registry auditing to found out how these keys are getting changed in the first place? Or should I give up the ghost and write some kind of logon script that enforces registry values if they've been change? Any other ideas?

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• Benefits of separating operating system files from user files onto different partitions

  - by Paul

  I am in the process of hardening a CentOS box, and came across an article that suggested mounting these filesystems onto different partitions: /usr /home /var and /var/tmp /tmp I was wondering what exactly this accomplishes, in terms of securing the box?

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• Basic IIS7 permissions question

  - by Tom Gullen

  We have a website, with a file: www.example.com/apis/httpapi.asp This file is used by the site internally to make requests joining two systems on the website together (one is Classic ASP, the other ASP.net). However, we do not want the public to be able to access the file. In IIS7.5, is there a setting I can do to make this file internal only? I've tried rewriting the URL for it but this rewrite is also applied internally so the scripts stop working as they fetch the rewritten url. Thanks for any help!

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• What is the best Web Application Firewall for IIS?

  - by user30850

  What is the best Web Application Firewall(WAF) for IIS? What makes it better than the others? How useful is it at blocking attacks against poorly written code, otherwise known as an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)? WAFs are required by the PCI-DSS, so if I have to get one, then it should the best one.

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• How to ACTUALLY install Java on Linux?

  - by Camran

  I have a Ubuntu Server. From the terminal, how should I install JDK? In this guide it says to use this command: sudo apt-get install sun-java6-bin sun-java6-jre sun-java6-jdk But on Suns website, it says JDK includes the JRE, so why the JRE in the line above? Anybody know how to actually install Java? Every guide and every forum shows different ways of doing it. BTW: It is a VPS (virtual private server) Thanks

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• Picking up a lot of failed authentications for various accounts

  - by Josh K

  My server is getting a lot of various failed authentication attempts for various accounts. The most common one (that I've seen ) or the root account. I have since enabled Fail2Ban and ran several rootkit / malware checks to ensure I wasn't compromised. Is there anything else I should do? I only have three accounts enabled, and SSH access for only two. I have a full 48hr ban on anyone making more then six failed SSH login attempts. I do not have FTP enabled.

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• hardening a server: disallow password-login for sudoers and log unusual ips

  - by Fabian Zeindl

  Two question regarding sudo-login into an ubuntu-system (debian tips welcome as well): Is it possible to require sudoers on my box to only login with publickey-authentication? Is it possible to log which ip sudoers log in from and check that for "unusual activity" or take actions? I'm thinking about temporarily removing sudo-rights if sudoers don't log in from whitelisted IPs. Or is that too risky to be exploited?

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• There are currently no logon servers available

  - by Ian Robinson

  I am running a Windows 7 laptop that is joined to my company's domain. When I installed Windows 7, I created an account for myself, joined to the domain, and it had been working quite well even though I'm physically remote most of the time, and not actually on the network. However, today I created a new local user account (non-admin) for my little brother. While he was using it, he decided he wanted to install a program, because his account is not an admin, he was prompted to enter Administrator credentials to allow the program to make changes to his computer. I entered my credentials, and this is the first time I ran into the error message: There are currently no logon servers available to service the logon request. I tried logging off and loggin back in, rebooting, etc etc, and no matter what, every time I try to authenticate as my "normal" domain account - I get that message. I can no longer access my computer as an administrator. I no longer know how to log in to my machine using any other account aside from my little brother's non-admin account. I don't have any other local accounts created, and the default local admin account was never enabled. I'd appreciate any ideas on how I can recover access to my account. Let me know if I can provide any more information. FYI - This is a similar question but not sure any of the answers help me in my case. http://serverfault.com/questions/71632/there-are-currently-no-logon-servers-available-to-service-the-logon-request

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• Account to read AD, join machine to domain, delete computer accounts and move computers to OUs

  - by Ben

  I want to create an account that will perform the following: Join computers to a domain (not restricted to 10, like a normal user) Check for computer accounts in AD Delete computers from AD Move computers between OUs I don't want to allow it to do anything else, so don't want a domain admin account. Can anyone guide me in the right direction in terms of permissions? Not sure if I should be using delegation of control wizard? Cheers, Ben

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• Modern open source NIDS/HIDS and consoles?

  - by MattC

  Years back we set up an IDS solution by placing a tap in front of our exterior firewall, piping all the traffic on our DS1 through an IDS box and then sending the results off to a logging server running ACiD. This was around 2005-ish. I've been asked to revamp the solution and expand on it and looking around, I see that the last release of ACiD was from 2003 and I can't seem to find anything else that seems even remotely up-to-date. While these things may be feature complete, I worry about library conflicts, etc. Can anyone give me suggestions for a Linux/OpenBSD based solution using somewhat modern tools? Just to be clear, I know that Snort is still actively developed. I guess I'm more in the market for a modern open-source web console to consolidate the data. Of course if people have great experiences with IDS' other than Snort I'm happy to hear about it.

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• How to run specific program with root privileges (Ubuntu OS) when no sudo user log into system?

  - by makulia

  How to run specific program with root privileges (Ubuntu OS) when no sudo user log into system? Program need root privileges to function correctly. Normal user shouldn't be able to shutdown this process. For example, I have to users. Admin and Client. Program should start only when Client log into system. It needs root privileges and Client shouldn't be able to shut this process down.

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• Recommended way to restrict Apache users

  - by Dor

  Following on why should we restrict Apache users, another two questions arises: What is the recommended method of restricting the places Apache users can traverse & read in the file system? What to do against fork bombs and other shell scripting problems? (bash scripting is allowed) My possible solutions (I prefer to know which solution you choose and why): chroot OR mod_chroot disable bash OR use Restricted BASH Please offer another solutions if you find appropriate. (perhaps selinux is?) Current status: Users are allowed to executed bash scripts (via PHP for example) suexec is active Apache requested are served with FastCGI for PHP

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• Encrypted WiFi with no password?

  - by Ian Boyd

  Is there any standard that allows a WiFi connection to be encrypted, but not require a password? i know that (old, weak) WEP, and newer WPA/WPA2 require a password (i.e. shared secret). Meanwhile my own wireless connections are "open", and therefore unencrypted. There is no technical reason why i can't have an encrypted link that doesn't require the user to enter any password. Such technology exists today (see public key encryption and HTTPS). But does such a standard exist for WiFi? Note: i only want to protect communications, not limit internet access. i get the sense that no such standard exists (since i'm pretty capable with Google), but i'd like it confirmed. Claraification: i want to protect communcations, not limit internet access. That means users are not required to have a password (or its moral equivalent). This means users are not required: to know a password to know a passphrase to enter a CAPTCHA to draw a secret to have a key fob to know a PIN to use a pre-shared key have a pre-shared file to possess a certificate In other words: it has the same accessibility as before, but is now encrypted.

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• What are some good methods to improve personal password management?

  - by danilo

  I want to improve my personal password management. I usually use secure passwords, but overuse them for too many different places. My questions: What methods do you use to create passwords, e.g. for different online sites/logins? What methods do you use to remember those passwords? Memory? Pen&Paper? Software storage? Is there some good way to store my passwords somewhere, so I can always have access to them when I need them (e.g. a webbased solution on my own server) but at the same way keep them away from unwanted access? Edit: Someone on another site mentioned http://passwordmaker.org/. Have you had any good or bad experiences with that software?

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• Bacula Director and Storage in LAN

  - by B14D3

  I have two networks LAN and DMZ.. Machines in DMZ are accesible from internet ( only over http). In LAN I have servers that see all LAN and all DMZ machines but machinse from DMZ don't see any LAN servers. Machines in LAN have access only to all LAN and DMZ, no direct access to internet and no access from internet. DMZ <------ LAN DMZ ----X--->LAN I'm planning to configure Bacula as major backup system. My plan is to install Bacula Director and Storage deamon on the same server in LAN for safety reasons. So my question is: Will this configuration work, is it posible for bacula director and storage deamon installed on server in LAN to makes backup servers that are in my DMZ? Or in this network configuration Bacula should be in DMZ? (If yes will I can backup with it servers in LAN ?)

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• stunnel crashing

  - by Jay

  I'm trying to use stunnel to secure a legacy application's communications. I can't seem to get it setup and working. Can anyone provide any hints where I'm going wrong? Here's what I'm trying to accomplish: A windows service on a client machine connects to a server on port 7000 using TCP. I'd like to encrypt the communication between client and server. Here's what I've tried: Created a new server that accepts ssl connections on port 7443. Got a certificate for the server and installed it. That seems to work with my test setup. Installed stunnel on my windows machine (version 7.43 from the distribution archive file). Installed libssl32.dll and libeay32.dll in the same directory as stunnel.exe ( from the openssl-0.9.8h-1 binary distribution). Installed it as a service using "stunnel -install" Configured stunnel as follows: debug=7 output=C:\p4\internal\Utility\Proxy\proxy.log service=Proxy taskbar=no [exchange] accept=7000 client=yes connect=proxy.blah.com:7443 I changed my hosts file to trick the old application into connecting through stunnel: server.blah.com 127.0.0.1 # when client looks up server it goes to stunnel proxy.blah.com IP-address-of-server.blah.com # stunnel connects to new server "server.blah.com" now resolves to the machine it's running on (i.e. stunnel). "proxy.blah.com" goes to the real server. stunnel should connect to the server. I start the stunnel service and try to connect. It looks like it's working but the stunnel service just shuts down with no message. 2010.04.19 13:16:21 LOG5[4924:3716]: stunnel 4.33 on x86-pc-mingw32-gnu with OpenSSL 0.9.8h 28 May 2008 2010.04.19 13:16:21 LOG5[4924:3716]: Threading:WIN32 SSL:ENGINE Sockets:SELECT,IPv6 2010.04.19 13:16:49 LOG5[4924:3748]: Service exchange accepted connection from 127.0.0.1:4134 2010.04.19 13:16:49 LOG6[4924:3748]: connect_blocking: connecting x.80.60.32:7443 2010.04.19 13:16:49 LOG5[4924:3748]: connect_blocking: connected x.80.60.32:7443 2010.04.19 13:16:49 LOG5[4924:3748]: Service exchange connected remote server from x.253.120.19:4135 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG5[3668:3856]: Reading configuration from file stunnel.conf 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG7[3668:3856]: Snagged 64 random bytes from C:/.rnd 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG7[3668:3856]: Wrote 1024 new random bytes to C:/.rnd 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG7[3668:3856]: RAND_status claims sufficient entropy for the PRNG 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG7[3668:3856]: PRNG seeded successfully 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG7[3668:3856]: SSL context initialized for service exchange 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG5[3668:3856]: Configuration successful 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG5[3668:3856]: No limit detected for the number of clients 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG7[3668:3856]: FD=312 in non-blocking mode 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG7[3668:3856]: Option SO_REUSEADDR set on accept socket 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG7[3668:3856]: Service exchange bound to 0.0.0.0:7000 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG7[3668:3856]: Service exchange opened FD=312 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG5[3668:3856]: stunnel 4.33 on x86-pc-mingw32-gnu with OpenSSL 0.9.8h 28 May 2008 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG5[3668:3856]: Threading:WIN32 SSL:ENGINE Sockets:SELECT,IPv6 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:4556]: Service exchange accepted FD=372 from 127.0.0.1:4156 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:4556]: Creating a new thread 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:4556]: New thread created 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: Service exchange started 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: FD=372 in non-blocking mode 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG5[3668:3756]: Service exchange accepted connection from 127.0.0.1:4156 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: FD=396 in non-blocking mode 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG6[3668:3756]: connect_blocking: connecting x.80.60.32:7443 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: connect_blocking: s_poll_wait x.80.60.32:7443: waiting 10 seconds 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG5[3668:3756]: connect_blocking: connected x.80.60.32:7443 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG5[3668:3756]: Service exchange connected remote server from x.253.120.19:4157 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: Remote FD=396 initialized 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): before/connect initialization 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 write client hello A 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 read server hello A 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 read server certificate A 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 read server done A 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 write client key exchange A 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 write change cipher spec A 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 write finished A 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 flush data 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 read finished A The client thinks the connection is closed: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it 127.0.0.1:7000 at System.Net.Sockets.Socket.DoConnect(EndPoint endPointSnapshot, SocketAddress socketAddress) at System.Net.Sockets.Socket.Connect(EndPoint remoteEP) at Service.ConnUtility.Connect() Any suggestions?

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• PostgreSQL encrypted backups

  - by Nikhil Gupte

  Is it possible to ensure that dumps taken from a PostgreSQL db are always encrypted? The data in the database is highly sensitive and we cannot afford un-authorized personnel, including Sys Admins who need to backup the db, to access the actual data.

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• How can I get a data usage/access log for an external hard-drive?

  - by Vittorio Vittori

  Hello, I'm working in an office with many people and sometimes I leave my external hard drive with my personal data inside. I would to know if there is some way to see if my hard disk was used during my absence. I'm not the computer administrator, so I can't use exclusive file permissions and I would really like to know hard disk is opened from another computer. I am using a Mac. Does exist some other way to protect personal data on usb device like an hard-drive? If yes can you write some link to possible guides? I hope there is some ploy!!

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• Preparing laptops for theft

  - by ccook

  With a number of laptops out there the likelihood of one being stolen is high. What methods, preferably free, can be used to secure the data on the computers? The laptops do not have any special hardware on them, and generally keep their user data in a dropbox folder. One small step taken is to have the the dropbox folder encrypted by Windows 7. Any additional suggestions are greatly appreciated. The data in the dropbox folder is sensitive.

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• How to close the logon process named NtLmSsp ?

  - by Aristos

  I have a windows 2003 server and time to time I am getting many login failures like this one. Logon Failure: Reason: Unknown user name or bad password User Name: administrator Domain: xx.xx.xx.xx Logon Type: 3 Logon Process: NtLmSsp Authentication Package: NTLM Workstation Name: XLHOST Caller User Name: - Caller Domain: - Caller Logon ID: - Caller Process ID: - Transited Services: - Source Network Address: 173.45.70.100 <- hacker Source Port: 4722 AND Logon attempt by: MICROSOFT_AUTHENTICATION_PACKAGE_V1_0 Logon account: user Source Workstation: XLHOST Error Code: 0xC0000064 The question is, how can I close this process of login ?, what I have left open and some one can try to login ? Some notes: I login to the server using tunneling, nothing is open except dns, email, and web ports, not even ftp, and all default ports are change and hidden. I also monitor port scan and capture any one that try to find the hidden ports. Probably it is something open... Thank you in advanced.

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• how to see activity logs on a linux pc?

  - by iamrohitbanga

  I want to find out everything possible about the how the pc was used in the past few days. Like who logged in, for how long was the PC was locked and any other information about user activity that is logged on my PC. I know that last command can be used to find out who was logged in and for how long. Any other information that can be found out.

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• hosts.deny not working

  - by Captain Planet

  Currently I am watching the live auth.log and someone is continuously trying the brute force attack for 10 hours. Its my local server so no need to worry but I want to test. I have installed denyhosts. There is already an entry for that IP address in hosts.deny. But still he is trying the attacks from same IP. System is not blocking that. Firstly I don't know how did that IP address get entered in that file. I didn't enter it, is there any other system script which can do that. hosts.deny is sshd: 120.195.108.22 sshd: 95.130.12.64 hosts.allow ALL:ALL sshd: ALL Is there any iptable setting that can override the host.deny file

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• Nginx : Proper use of limit_req_zone and limit_req

  - by xperator

  I have 2 website running on VPS. Their purpose is sharing music files and publishing news. Both of them use wordpress. What I am trying is that I want to prevent little hackers from flooding the webserver and putting stress on the server to make it crash. The problem is that after using limit_req_zone and limit_req my website became very slow. Browsing Wordpress control panel takes a long long time. I tried changing values but it didn't improve much. I guess the problem is Wordpress because it's the only script I am using on both front and back end. Here is the last setting which seems to be more responsive than others : limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=flood:5m rate=10r/m; location ~ \.php$ { limit_req zone=flood burst=100 nodelay; } What are the optimal values that should be used in my case (wp) ? I want the website have it's normal behavior, On the other hand stopping lifeless people from flooding. Another question, Is it safe and enough to use limit_req only on php files ?

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