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• Should a standard include header be specified in each file or as a compiler parameter?

  - by Max

  I've got a file such as this: #ifndef STDINCLUDE #define STDINCLUDE #include <memory> #include <stdexcept> #endif I want this file to be included in every header file, because I use stuff from those headers so much. Is it preferable to include this via compiler options (-I stdinclude.hpp), or should I physically include them in each header? (#include <stdinclude>). Note that I am attempting to be cross-platform-minded. I use cmake to serve atleast Unix and Windows.

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• Installing ImageMagick for C(++) on Ubuntu 12.10

  - by user167747

  I'm having a hard time installing the ImageMagick software for Ubuntu 12.10. So, I want the C and C++ API, not much more. Now when I go to imagemagick.org, they have a binary package for unix, namely an rpm. When I download and launch it, RPM complains that firstly I should be using alien, and secondly there are like 10000 missing dependencies. If I use alien to create a deb file, and the install it via the software center, the package does indeed install, but only the command line interface - no includes, anything. Same with apt-get imagemagick. (BTW - wtf, they don't have support for ubuntu?) I tried compiling from source (which I shoudn't be doing anyway - I'm not expecting much customization am I?), and then the includes are present, but the programs won't compile complaining about "undefined reference" and then a list of everything that isn't pure C (and I'm using the command imagemagick.org told me to use, namely cc -o wand pkg-config --cflags --libs MagickWand wand.c) so clearly I'm doing something wrong. Any help would be much appreciated.

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• Any good site that teaches C++?

  - by Shinmaru

  I am searching for any good site that teaches C++, that can explain most to all things about it(general) and has a decent active community. About Me: I am new to programming(knows nothing of it, so please bare with me), I have only learned(to a very basic form) LUA scripting Language, so yes I am your complete newbie. I got interested in programming, from scripting in LUA, so you can say it was my small stepping stone, One would basically take a course in college, but not everyone is well funded for that and I can't buy books for the same said reason(yes I'm somewhat poor, only money for essentials and bills), I'm not trying to get sympathy, just stating my conditions. and Please, something in between the lines of 'Programming for Dummies'(I'm not the brightest crayon in the box), I know this will not be easy, but your help will be most appreciated. I would learn for either Windows and/or Linux/Unix. I use both. Site(s) I know: Cplusplus.org(quite inactive and tutorials are a little for the programming savvy.

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• How do I configure the mouse to raise and lower windows

  - by user288496

  I've just installed 14.04 and cannot find the congfuration screen to control how mouse clicks are acted on by the window manager, and then optionally passed to the application. I want to set the sane traditional unix behaviour of: - 'focus follows mouse': done. - 'never auto-raise': done. - 'raise when click on border or title': Can't find the option. A middle button click on the tile does lower a window - but traditionally it would also raise the botton window. I can set 'raise on any click' - but that is absolutely hopeless when you are trying to copy text from a lower window.

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• Returning status code where one of many errors could have occured

  - by yttriuszzerbus

  I'm developing a PHP login component which includes functions to manipulate the User object, such as $User->changePassword(string $old, string $new) What I need some advice with is how to return a status, as the function can either succeed (no further information needs to be given) or fail (and the calling code needs to know why, for example incorrect password, database problem etc.) I've come up with the following ideas: Unix-style: return 0 on success, another code on failure. This doesn't seem particularly common in PHP and the language's type-coercion messes with this (a function returning FALSE on success?) This seems to be the best I can think of. Throw an exception on error. PHP's exception support is limited, and this will make life harder for anybody trying to use the functions. Return an array, containing a boolean for "success" or not, and a string or an int for "failure status" if applicable. None of these seem particularly appealing, does anyone have any advice or better ideas?

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• Problems while installing Ubuntu 12.04 64 & 32 bits from LiveCd

  - by user76104

  I am trying to install Ubuntu on my new pc but I am encountering problems. When I boot from the installation CD, everything runs fine until the "window" when the user has to decide to Try Ubuntu or Install it in the machine. Well that "window" appears in blank, and my mouse and keyboard behaves really slow. I can't do anything , so i have to shut it down by pressing power button. The specification of my pc are this Motherboard: Gigabyte ex58 ud7 CPU: i7 950 HD: Western digital caviar black Int. memory: 6gb memory corsair Graphics: evga gtx580 I really need to install Ubuntu or another Linux distribution, i am using de seismic Unix program {Edit : Guess it is this} on my laptop. I hope someone can help me.

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• Ubuntu 12.04 edit grub

  - by J. R. Crocker

  I just install Ubuntu 12.04. I want to change the boot order of grub. Previous versions of grub.cfg I was able to change the permissions and the do a gedit. After reloading 12.04, I was able to change permissions for grub.cfg, but gedit will not let me save it. I am a little irritated that Ubuntu is suppose to be open source. However someone has chosen to lock one out of a file. I do realize that some people have no business doing a edit on grub. I am a long time user of Unix and Linix.

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• dos games with dosbox running slow

  - by NeuroShell

  i have AMD E-450 1.65ghz, 4gb DDR3 ram, HD6320 laptop with dual boot ubuntu 13.04 and win 8.1, my main gaming rig(desktop pc) is with win7(so i am not playing serious games on this laptop) and for university i mostly use ubuntu(unix and programming tasks), for some free time i found dosbox on ubuntu software center and tryed playing several games(blood, syndicate wars) and all of them lag like hell(although on win 8.1 they work perfectly). So any suggestion how to solve the problem? i am using drivers X.org (in software settingsadditional settings) tryed proprietary ones but all screen colors was kinda strange and i couldn't control brightness at all... same dos games was lagging too.

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• Music Players in Ubuntu/Linux [closed]

  - by v2r

  Music Player, just like Web Browsers are an important part of today's application repertoire, and not only for entertainment reason. Having tried a few Linux Player over the past years i come to wonder, which Players you prefer and what kind of Players are out there, that you suggest are worth looking into and why!! I used Rhythmbox for a long time, but "Jamendo and Magnatune" plugin are both no longer available in 11.10 and also my covers are not shown, since i stream my music folder from a second partition. aTunes is another great Player, but there are also some flaws which i contacted the developers about. It would be nice if you post some alternatives! --Thank you. Example: Name of Player: aTunes | Homepage Additional Info : aTunes is a java-based Music-Player for Linux/Unix/Windows and ... Only one player-example per answer, please!!

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• How to hide assets from user? ( e.g.: a png file )

  - by burninggramma

  I think the title is quite self-explaining, still this is a big area I think, so let me drop a few words: I've got a simple experiment game project going, and I want to make sure, that the user isn't messing with the game assets like player skin etc. In my opinion the best way would be that on production I would merge all the assets into one file and the application would check the hash of that file, so it could detect the corrupted data. Is this an acceptable practice? There must be sum libraries / applications which are targeting this problem, could you guide me on this? Project details: unix/linux, c++, sdl

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• ???????????????:????????????

  - by ???02

  ???????????????:??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ID?????????????Oracle Identity Manager????????????????????Oracle Database Vault???????·?????Oracle Audit Vault????????????????·????????????????????????????????????????????·?????????·?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????(????????????????????)???·????????????????????? ???????????????????????????·???????????????????????????????????Oracle Database Vault ~???????????Oracle Database Vault??????????????????????????????(DBA)??????·?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Oracle Database Vault ~???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????IP????????????????????????????????????????????9:00-17:00?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Oracle Audit Vault ~???????????????????????????????????????·??????????·DBA???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Oracle Audit Vault???Oracle Audit Vault??Oracle Database Vault???????????????????????????????????ID????????????????????????ID????????????????????????????????????????????Oracle Database Standard Edition?Oracle Database Standard Edition One??????????????????Oracle Database Vault???????????Unix?Linux???OS???????????????????????Oracle Database(EE / SE / SE One)??????????????OS??????????????Oracle Identity Manager(???OIM)??????OIM??????????????????????????????ID???????????????ID???·?????????????????ID?????????????????ID????????????????·???????????Oracle Identity Manager ~ID??·????·??????OIM????????????????????(???/???????????)??????????????????????????ID??·? ???·?????????????????????????????????????ID????????????????????????????? ????Oracle Identity Manager ~??·????????????????????ID???????????????????????????????????????OIM?????????????????????????????????????Oracle Identity Manager ~??·??????????????????????1?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Oracle Identity Manager ~????????????????????OIM??ID????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??40???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????PDF?Office??????????????????????????? Oracle Direct

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• ????——???????????

  - by hamsun

  user12619775,2014?8?7? - ??:??????????? ??????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????? ???????? Managing Oracle Database on Oracle Solaris 11 Oracle Solaris 11 System Administration for Experienced UNIX/Linux Administrators Oracle Database 12c: RAC Administration Oracle Database 12c: Implement Partitioning Oracle WebCenter Portal 11g for Developers Oracle Hyperion PSPB 11.1.2: Create & Manage Applications (11.1.2.3) R12.x Oracle Financials Accounting Hub Fundamentals Oracle Demantra 7.3.1 Demand Management Fundamentals RPAS Administration and Configuration Fundamentals 14.0 PeopleSoft PeopleTools I Rel 8.53 (Training On Demand) ????education.oracle.com? ???Oracle??????

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• MVVM/Presentation Model With WinForms

  - by Erik Ashepa

  Hi, I'm currently working on a brownfield application, it's written with winforms, as a preparation to use WPF in a later version, out team plans to at least use the MVVM/Presentation model, and bind it against winforms... I've explored the subject, including the posts in this site (which i love very much), when boiled down, the main advantage of wpf are : binding controls to properties in xaml. binding commands to command objects in the viewmodel. the first feature is easy to implement (in code), or with a generic control binder, which binds all the controls in the form. the second feature is a little harder to implement, but if you inherit from all your controls and add a command property (which is triggered by an internal event such as click), which is binded to a command instance in the ViewModel. The challenges I'm currently aware of are : implementing a commandmanager, (which will trigger the CanInvoke method of the commands as necessery. winforms only supports one level of databinding : datasource, datamember, wpf is much more flexible. am i missing any other major features that winforms lacks in comparison with wpf, when attempting to implement this design pattern? i sure many of you will recommend some sort of MVP pattern, but MVVM/Presentation model is the way to go for me, because I'll want future WPF support. Thanks in advance, Erik.

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• Home automation using Arduino / XMPP client for Arduino

  - by Ashish

  I am trying to setup a system for automating certain tasks in my home. I am thinking of a solution wherein a server side application would be able to send/receive commands/data to Arduino (attached with Arduino Ethernet Shield) via the web. Here the Arduino may both act as a sensor interface to the server application or command executor interface for the server app. E.g. (user story): The overhead water tank in my house has a water level sensor attached with Arduino (attached with Arduino Ethernet Shield). Another Arduino (attached with Arduino Ethernet Shield) is attached with a relay/latch. This relay/latch is then connected to a water pump. Now the server side application on the web is able to get/receive water level information from the Arduino on the water tank. Depending on the water level information received, the web application should send suitable signals/commands to Arduino on water pump to switch 'ON' or switch 'OFF' the water pump. Now for such a system to work across the web, I am thinking of using one of the type of solutions in order of my priority: Using XMPP for communication between server application and Arduino. Using HTTP polling. Using HTTP hanging GET. For solution number 1, I need to implement a XMPP client that would reside on Arduino. Is it possible to write a XMPP client small enough to reside on an Arduino? If yes what are the minimum possible XMPP client functionality that I need to write for Arduino, so that it would be able to contact XMPP servers solutions like GTalk, etc.? For solution number 2 and 3 I need guidance in implementation. Also which solution would be cost effective and easily extendable?

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• Setting the Classpath and Accessing code from book: Programming Clojure

  - by user130153

  (I posted this same question on the Clojure list but haven't got an answer yet. Is anyone here ready to help?) I am going through Programming Clojure and I recently downloaded the code from the books official website. For other utils I can do, for example, (require 'clojure.contrib.str-utils) and it works. But how do I load code from the book? (require 'examples.introduction) throws the following exception: java.io.FileNotFoundException: Could not locate examples/ introduction__init.class or examples/introduction.clj on classpath: (NO_SOURCE_FILE:0) [Thrown class clojure.lang.Compiler$CompilerException] Here is the full backtrace: Backtrace: 0: clojure.lang.Compiler.eval(Compiler.java:4543) 1: clojure.core$eval__3990.invoke(core.clj:1728) 2: swank.commands.basic$eval_region__686.invoke(basic.clj:36) 3: swank.commands.basic$listener_eval__695.invoke(basic.clj:50) 4: clojure.lang.Var.invoke(Var.java:346) 5: user$eval__1200.invoke(NO_SOURCE_FILE) 6: clojure.lang.Compiler.eval(Compiler.java:4532) 7: clojure.core$eval__3990.invoke(core.clj:1728) 8: swank.core$eval_in_emacs_package__307.invoke(core.clj:55) 9: swank.core$eval_for_emacs__384.invoke(core.clj:123) 10: clojure.lang.Var.invoke(Var.java:354) 11: clojure.lang.AFn.applyToHelper(AFn.java:179) 12: clojure.lang.Var.applyTo(Var.java:463) 13: clojure.core$apply__3243.doInvoke(core.clj:390) 14: clojure.lang.RestFn.invoke(RestFn.java:428) 15: swank.core$eval_from_control__310.invoke(core.clj:62) 16: swank.core$eval_loop__313.invoke(core.clj:67) 17: swank.core$spawn_repl_thread__445$fn__476$fn__478.invoke(core.clj: 173) 18: clojure.lang.AFn.applyToHelper(AFn.java:171) 19: clojure.lang.AFn.applyTo(AFn.java:164) 20: clojure.core$apply__3243.doInvoke(core.clj:390) 21: clojure.lang.RestFn.invoke(RestFn.java:428) 22: swank.core$spawn_repl_thread__445$fn__476.doInvoke(core.clj:170) 23: clojure.lang.RestFn.invoke(RestFn.java:402) 24: clojure.lang.AFn.run(AFn.java:37) 25: java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source) I am trying both Clojure Box and Enclojure in NetBeans on Windows XP. Is it a classpath issue? Where should I place the folder that contains code from the book? Please help me out with my variable enviroment settings as well.

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• Metaprogramming - self explanatory code - tutorials, articles, books

  - by elena

  Hello everybody, I am looking into improving my programming skils (actually I try to do my best to suck less each year, as our Jeff Atwood put it), so I was thinking into reading stuff about metaprogramming and self explanatory code. I am looking for something like an idiot's guide to this (free books for download, online resources). Also I want more than your average wiki page and also something language agnostic or preferably with Java examples. Do you know of such resources that will allow to efficiently put all of it into practice (I know experience has a lot to say in all of this but i kind of want to build experience avoiding the flow bad decisions - experience - good decisions)? EDIT: Something of the likes of this example from the Pragmatic Programmer: ...implement a mini-language to control a simple drawing package... The language consists of single-letter commands. Some commands are followed by a single number. For example, the following input would draw a rectangle: P 2 # select pen 2 D # pen down W 2 # draw west 2cm N 1 # then north 1 E 2 # then east 2 S 1 # then back south U # pen up Thank you!

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• Ruby on Rails: How to sanitize a string for SQL when not using find?

  - by williamjones

  I'm trying to sanitize a string that involves user input without having to resort to manually crafting my own possibly buggy regex if possible, however, if that is the only way I would also appreciate if anyone can point me in the right direction to a regex that is unlikely to be missing anything. There are a number of methods in Rails that can allow you to enter in native SQL commands, how do people escape user input for those? The question I'm asking is a broad one, but in my particular case, I'm working with a column in my Postgres database that Rails does not natively understand as far as I know, the tsvector, which holds plain text search information. Rails is able to write and read from it as if it's a string, however, unlike a string, it doesn't seem to be automatically escaping it when I do things like vector= inside the model. For example, when I do model.name='::', where name is a string, it works fine. When I do model.vector='::' it errors out: ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid: PGError: ERROR: syntax error in tsvector: "::" "vectors" = E'::' WHERE "id" = 1 This seems to be a problem caused by lack of escaping of the semicolons, and I can manually set the vector='\:\:' fine. I also had the bright idea, maybe I can just call something like: ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute "UPDATE medias SET vectors = ? WHERE id = 1", "::" However, this syntax doesn't work, because the raw SQL commands don't have access to find's method of escaping and inputting strings by using the ? mark. This strikes me as the same problem as calling connection.execute with any type of user input, as it all boils down to sanitizing the strings, but I can't seem to find any way to manually call Rails' SQL string sanitization methods. Can anyone provide any advice?

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• fabric deploy problem

  - by alexarsh

  Hi, I'm trying to deploy a django app with fabric and get the following error: Alexs-MacBook:fabric alex$ fab config:instance=peergw deploy -H <ip> - u <username> -p <password> [192.168.2.93] run: cat /etc/issue Traceback (most recent call last): File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/fabric/main.py", line 419, in main File "/Users/alex/Rabota/server/mx30/scripts/fabric/fab/ commands.py", line 37, in deploy checkup() File "/Users/alex/Rabota/server/mx30/scripts/fabric/fab/ commands.py", line 140, in checkup if not 'Ubuntu' in run('cat /etc/issue'): File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/fabric/network.py", line 382, in host_prompting_wrapper File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/fabric/operations.py", line 414, in run File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/fabric/network.py", line 65, in __getitem__ File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/fabric/network.py", line 140, in connect File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/paramiko/client.py", line 149, in load_system_host_keys File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/paramiko/hostkeys.py", line 154, in load File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/paramiko/hostkeys.py", line 66, in from_line File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/paramiko/rsakey.py", line 61, in __init__ paramiko.SSHException: Invalid key Alexs-MacBook:fabric alex$ I can't connect to the server via ssh. What can be my problem? Regards, Arshavski Alexander.

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• Python equivalent of IDL's stop and .reset

  - by Jamie

  Hi there, I'm relatively new to python but have a bit of experience using IDL. I was wondering if anyone knows if there are equivalent commands in python for IDL's stop and .reset commands. If I'm running some IDL script I wrote that I put a stop command in, essentially what it does is stop the script there and give me access to the command line in the middle of the script. So I have access to all the functions and variables that I defined before the stop command, which I find really useful for debugging. The .reset command I find extremely useful too. What it does is reset the the IDL environment (clears all variables, functions, etc.). It's as if I closed that session and opened a new one, but without having to exit and restart IDL. I find that if I'm trying to debug a script I wrote it's useful sometimes to start from scratch and not have to reset IDL (or python now). It would be useful also in python to be able to un-import any modules I had previously imported. Any help with these issues would be greatly appreciated. Cheers Related Python Drop into REPL Is it possible to go into ipython from code?

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• Mercurial Editor: "abort: The system cannot find the file specified"

  - by Killroy

  I have a problem getting Mercurial to recognise my editor. I have a file, c:\windows\notepad.exe and typing "notepad" at the command prompt works. I can commit by using the "-m" argument to supply the commit title. But a simple "hg commit" brings up the error. A call to "hg --traceback commit" brings up: Traceback (most recent call last): File "mercurial\dispatch.pyc", line 47, in _runcatch File "mercurial\dispatch.pyc", line 466, in _dispatch File "mercurial\dispatch.pyc", line 336, in runcommand File "mercurial\dispatch.pyc", line 517, in _runcommand File "mercurial\dispatch.pyc", line 471, in checkargs File "mercurial\dispatch.pyc", line 465, in <lambda> File "mercurial\util.pyc", line 401, in check File "mercurial\commands.pyc", line 708, in commit File "mercurial\cmdutil.pyc", line 1150, in commit File "mercurial\commands.pyc", line 706, in commitfunc File "mercurial\localrepo.pyc", line 836, in commit File "mercurial\cmdutil.pyc", line 1155, in commiteditor File "mercurial\cmdutil.pyc", line 1184, in commitforceeditor File "mercurial\ui.pyc", line 361, in edit File "mercurial\util.pyc", line 383, in system File "subprocess.pyc", line 470, in call File "subprocess.pyc", line 621, in __init__ File "subprocess.pyc", line 830, in _execute_child WindowsError: [Error 2] The system cannot find the file specified abort: The system cannot find the file specified I've tried setting the HGEDITOR environment variable, setting "visual =" and "editor =" in the Mercurial.ini file. I tried full path as well as command only. I also tried copying the notepad.exe file into both the current folder as well as the mercurial folder. Ideally I would like to use the editor at this location "C:\PortableApps\Notepad++Portable\Notepad++Portable.exe", but at this stage I would be happy with any editor!

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• Insert video clip in a lyx presentation and play it in GNU/Linux.

  - by Orjanp

  How can I insert a video clip into a presentation created in Lyx? Have seen http://www.latex-community.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=48. It works, but there the video starts in the background in an external player. I would prefer it to be played in the presentation itself. If an external player is used it it should at least start in the foreground. But the presentation takes the foreground. Using evince in GNU/linux as pdf viewer. Beamer is used as a presentation template. Is it possible to play a video file in an embedded player in the presentation itself? Created an example presentation. The code is found below. \documentclass[english]{beamer} \usepackage{mathptmx} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage[latin9]{inputenc} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb} \makeatletter %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Textclass specific LaTeX commands. % this default might be overridden by plain title style \newcommand\makebeamertitle{\frame{\maketitle}}% \AtBeginDocument{ \let\origtableofcontents=\tableofcontents \def\tableofcontents{\@ifnextchar[{\origtableofcontents}{\gobbletableofcontents}} \def\gobbletableofcontents#1{\origtableofcontents} } \makeatletter \long\def\lyxframe#1{\@lyxframe#1\@lyxframestop}% \def\@lyxframe{\@ifnextchar<{\@@lyxframe}{\@@lyxframe<*>}}% \def\@@lyxframe<#1>{\@ifnextchar[{\@@@lyxframe<#1>}{\@@@lyxframe<#1>[]}} \def\@@@lyxframe<#1>[{\@ifnextchar<{\@@@@@lyxframe<#1>[}{\@@@@lyxframe<#1>[<*>][}} \def\@@@@@lyxframe<#1>[#2]{\@ifnextchar[{\@@@@lyxframe<#1>[#2]}{\@@@@lyxframe<#1>[#2][]}} \long\def\@@@@lyxframe<#1>[#2][#3]#4\@lyxframestop#5\lyxframeend{% \frame<#1>[#2][#3]{\frametitle{#4}#5}} \makeatother \def\lyxframeend{} % In case there is a superfluous frame end %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% User specified LaTeX commands. \usetheme{Warsaw} \usepackage{hyperref} \makeatother \usepackage{babel} \begin{document} \title{Testing video} \makebeamertitle \lyxframeend{}\section{Testing video} \lyxframeend{}\subsection{Testing video} \lyxframeend{}\lyxframe{Testing video} \href{run:video.wmv}{Movie} \appendix \lyxframeend{} \end{document}

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• Create a SSL certificate on Windows

  - by Ben Fransen

  Hi all, Since I'm very new to SSL certificates, and the creation and usage of them I figured maybe StackOverflow members can help me out. I'm from Holland, the common way of online payments is by implementing iDEAL. An online payment protocol supported by the major banks. I have to implement a 'professional' version. This includes creating a RSA private key. Based on that key I have to create a certificate and upload it to the webserver. I'm on a Windows machine and completely confused what to do. I took a look at the OpenSSL website, because the manual forwarded me to that website to get a SSL Toolkit. The manual provides two commands which have to be executed in order to create a RSA key and a certificate. The commands are: openssl genrsa -des3 –out priv.pem -passout pass:myPassword 1024 and openssl req -x509 -new -key priv.pem -passin pass:myPassword -days 3650 -out cert.cer Is there a way I can do this by a utility on a windows machine? I've downloaded PuTTy KeyGenerator. But I'm not sure what to do, I've created a key (SSH-2 RSA, whatever that is..) but how do I create a certificate with that key? Any help is much appreciated! Ben

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• Makefile for DOS/Windows and Cygwin

  - by Thomas Matthews

  I need to have a makefile work under DOS (Windows) and Cygwin. I having problems with the makefile detecting the OS correctly and setting appropriate variables. The objective is to set variables for the following commands, then invoke the commands in rules using the variables: Delete file: rm in Cygwin, del in DOS. Remove directory: rmdir (different parameters in Cygwin and DOS) Copy file: cp in Cygwin, copy in DOS. Testing for file existance: test in Cygwin, IF EXIST in DOS. Listing contents of a file: cat in Cygwin, type in DOS. Here is my attempt, which always uses the else clause: OS_KIND = $(OSTYPE) #OSTYPE is an environment variable set by Cygwin. ifeq ($(OS_KIND), cygwin) ENV_OS = Cygwin RM = rm -f RMDIR = rmdir -r CP = cp REN = mv IF_EXIST = test -a IF_NOT_EXIST = ! test -a LIST_FILE = cat else ENV_OS = Win_Cmd RM = del -f -Q RMDIR = rmdir /S /Q IF_EXIST = if exist IF_NOT_EXIST = if not exist LIST_FILE = type endif I'm using the forward slash character, '/', as a directory separator. This is a problem with the DOS command, as it is interpreting it as program argument rather than a separator. Anybody know how to resolve this issue? Edit: I am using make with Mingw in both Windows Console (DOS) and Cygwin.

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• Can a GeneralPath be modified?

  - by Dov

  java2d is fairly expressive, but requires constructing lots of objects. In contrast, the older API would let you call methods to draw various shapes, but lacks all the new features like transparency, stroke, etc. Java has fairly high costs associated with object creation. For speed, I would like to create a GeneralPath whose structure does not change, but go in and change the x,y points inside. path = new GeneralPath(GeneralPath.WIND_EVEN_ODD, 10); path.moveTo(x,y); path.lineTo(x2, y2); double len = Math.sqrt((x2-x)*(x2-x) + (y2-y)*(y2-y)); double dx = (x-x2) * headLen / len; double dy = (y-y2) * headLen / len; double dx2 = -dy * (headWidth/headLen); double dy2 = dx * (headWidth/headLen); path.lineTo(x2 + dx + dx2, y2 + dy + dy2); path.moveTo(x2 + dx - dx2, y2 + dy - dy2); path.lineTo(x2,y2); This one isn't even that long. Imagine a much longer sequence of commands, and only the ones on the end are changing. I just want to be able to overwrite commands, to have an iterator effectively. Does that exist?

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• How to solve non-linear equations using python

  - by stars83clouds

  I have the following code: #!/usr/bin/env python from scipy.optimize import fsolve import math h = 6.634e-27 k = 1.38e-16 freq1 = 88633.9360e6 freq2 = 88631.8473e6 freq3 = 88630.4157e6 def J(freq,T): return (h*freq/k)/(math.exp(h*freq/(k*T))-1) def equations(x,y,z,w,a,b,c,d): f1 = a*(J(freq1,y)-J(freq1,2.73))*(1-math.exp(-a*z))-(J(freq2,x)-J(freq2,2.73))*(1-math.exp(-z)) f2 = b*(J(freq3,w)-J(freq3,2.73))*(1-math.exp(-b*z))-(J(freq2,x)-J(freq2,2.73))*(1-math.exp(-z)) f3 = c*(J(freq3,w)-J(freq3,2.73))*(1-math.exp(-b*z))-(J(freq1,y)-J(freq1,2.73))*(1-math.exp(-a*z)) f4 = d*(J((freq3+freq1)/2,(y+w)/2)-J((freq3+freq1)/2,2.73))-(J(freq2,x)-J(freq2,2.73))*(1-math.exp(-z)) return (f1,f2,f3,f4) So, I have defined the equations in the above code. However, I now wish to solve the above set of equations using fsolve or other alternative non-linear numerical routine. I tried the following syntax but with no avail: x,y,z,w = fsolve(equations, (1,1,1,1)) I keep getting the error that "x" is not defined. I am executing all commands at the command-line, since I have no idea how to run a batch of commands as above automatically in python. I welcome any advice on how to solve this.

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