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• Linux QoS: bulk data transmission during idle times

  - by syneticon-dj

  How would I do a QoS setup where a certain low-priority data stream would get up to X Mbps of bandwidth, but only if the current total bandwidth (of all streams/classes) on this interface does not exceed X? At the same time, other data streams / classes must not be limited to X. The use case is an ISP billing the traffic by calculating the bandwidth average over 5 minute intervals and billing the maximum. I would like to keep the maximum usage to a minimum (i.e. quench the bulk transfer during interface busy times) but get the data through during idle/low traffic times. Looking at the frequently used classful schedulers CBQ, HTB and HSFC I cannot see a straightforward way to accomplish this.

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• How do repos (SVN, GIT) work?

  - by masfenix

  I read SO nearly everyday and mostly there is a thread about source control. I have a few questions. I am going to use SVN as example. 1) There is a team (small, large dosnt matter). In the morning everyone checks out the code to start working. At noon Person A commits, while person B still works on it. What happens when person B commits? how will person B know that there is an updated file? 2) I am assuming the answer to the first question is "run an update command which tells you", ok so person B finds out that the file they have been working on all morning in changed. When they see the udpated file, it seems like person A has REWRITTEN the file for better performance. What does person B do? Seems like there whole day was a waste of time. Or if they commit their version then its a waste of person A's time? 3) What are branches? thanks, and if anyone knows a laymen terms pdf or something that explains it that would be awesome.

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• Amazon EC2- many micro-instances vs single small/medium instance

  - by shashankaholic

  I have a chat application using stack of Openfire, Tomcat6 and MySQL. Currently, i have installed all these servers on single Linux micro-instance(613 MB memory). Even in low user base 10-20 i am encountering CPU overload which is quite obvious here. As, i am new to Amazon EC2 can somebody suggest me how to scale up my architecture according to traffic use? should i use separate micro instances for every app server(openfire,mysql,tomcat6) should i use single small or medium instance for whole server stack. Some factors in context: high reliance on MYSQL high memory usage due to file transfer web-application interacting with other Amazon service like S3,SES

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• MySQL takes forever after running certain php scripts... optimization help?

  - by DFischer

  When I run a couple scripts from the vBulletin software (like uninstalling a plugin) it takes forever. When monitoring the memory usage, it shows this = -/+ buffers/cache: 158 381 Swap: 255 10 245 It seems that MySQL is only using a certain amount and once it does it tries to use the swap instead? I have a 512MB slice and right now my key buffer is at 16M and max_allowed_packet is at 16M. Is there something else I should increase or can I increase those variables and still be safe? Thanks.

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• Articles of x386 and later CPU based systems

  - by user32569

  Hi there. I know this is hard question, and possibly not to be answered here, but if there is some article, or more you know about, please post a link. About books, its sad but many great computer books cannot be bought in my country. So, you can find many articles online, which says how memory was mapped back in pre x386 CPU. How there was explicit holes ready for MMIO BIOS, Video BIOS, etc. How there was A20 line for allowing higher memory access etc. Problem is, time changed. Today BIOSes are many times larger, and pure x86 16bit mode is used for booting and ROM flashing only. OS ignore BIOS as they access everything using drivers. And I just want to know, how it works today. I know not so specific question, but I read OS dev wiki, many articles, but all refering to days before massive usage of pure 32bit CPUs.

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• A space-efficient guest filesystem for grow-as-needed virtual disks ?

  - by Steve Schnepp

  A common practice is to use non-preallocated virtual disks. Since they only grow as needed, it makes them perfect for fast backup, overallocation and creation speed. Since file systems are usually based on physical disks they have the tendency to use the whole area available1 in order to increase the speed2 or reliability3. I'm searching a filesystem that does the exact opposite : try to touch the minimum blocks need by an aggressive block reuse. I would happily trade some performance for space usage. There is already a similar question, but it is rather general. I have very specific goal : space-efficiency. 1. Like page caching uses all the free physical memory 2. Canonical example : online defragmentation 3. Canonical example : snapshotting

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• Flash stream makes my internet slow and cpu rush

  - by user1225840

  When I try to watch a live Flash stream, my CPU usage goes up to 75% and my Internet speed goes down. If I run a test before the video-stream, my speed is ~40/10Mbps and during the stream it drops to 0.1-0.5Mbps. The stream is laggy and I can only watch one to two seconds at a time, start/stop/start/stop. I have cleared my history, cache, cookies, temp files, and so on. I have searched for malware and took care of that. I have updated my drivers, reinstalled Flash and everything else I can think of, but it remains slow. I had this problem before and it just started working normally from one day to another. Could it be a hardware problem?

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• Network and log monitoring and vulnerability scanning

  - by user137799

  I am trying to find out if there is any application or service in UNIX that will - 1. Monitor network interfaces for bandwidth usage 2. When network flaps occur send out a e-mail. 3. When duplicate mac-addresses or loop occurs in network - send out alerts. 4. Do a network vulnerability scan and be able to detect utorrent application on our network. Need to know which linux distribution will be best to support that specific application Thanks

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• Amazon EC2- micro-instance vs single small/medium instance

  - by shashankaholic

  I have a chat application using stack of Openfire, Tomcat6 and MySQL. Currently, i have installed all these servers on single Linux micro-instance(613 MB memory). Even in low user base 10-20 i am encountering CPU overload which is quite obvious here. As, i am new to Amazon EC2 can somebody suggest me how to scale up my architecture according to traffic use? should i use separate micro instances for every app server(openfire,mysql,tomcat6) should i use single small or medium instance for whole server stack. Some factors in context: high reliance on MYSQL high memory usage due to file transfer web-application interacting with other Amazon service like S3,SES

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• Running Emacs on Multiple TTYs in screen

  - by Daniel Kessler

  When working with EMACS over SSH, is there any way to spawn a new frame of the same emacs session on a different terminal? In my use case, I have screen running, so I have multiple terminals, and can recover which pseudo terminal they're attached to with pts. Suppose I have two "windows" (in GNU screen parlance). The first one is attached to /dev/pts/12 and the second one is attached to /dev/pts/13. I launch emacs on the first window. Is there any way for me to start a new frame of the same session on the second window? I've been playing with passing arguments to make-frame but it seems that the usage that allows me to specify a terminal requires that a terminal object already exists, and I can't see any way to create a new terminal object.

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• cygwin rsync over ssh very slow

  - by Waleed Hamra

  I have 2 machines running Windows Xp SP3. I have cygwin installed on both, version 1.7. I have rsync and ssh installed on both, and configured using default settings as per ssh-host-config and ssh-user-config programs provided. I moved the public keys into their respective locations, and basically ssh is working fine. i began an rsync operation, using: rsync -av --delete --hard-links local_dir username@other_machine:/some_dir well... on both machines, the processor is running near idle, no heavy usage. I checked IO using process explorer on both machines, and that too is at normal levels (1~2 MB/s), so I can't see where the bottlenecks are, because network performance is aweful. I'm not going over 1MB/s... when a normal file copy using windows sharing achieves some ~10 MB/s.. What could be wrong?

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• Will I have internet connection issues next day, if I unplug router at night?

  - by headskracher77

  I did this regularly a few years ago and used to feel like I was 'being punished' by the Interent svc provider for disabling access to my computer, because trying to re-connect the next day became a constant pain. I have the same linksys router, a comcast modem, and hi-speed broadband through their LAN. Question: who or what is at fault for lousy internet connections, slow connections, or no connections: (everybody's tech dept. blames everybody else) The router? 10 year olds, maybe obsolete? The modem? came with the service plan - can connect three devices on a sharedconnection. The ISP: I read they not only even control and completely regulate bandwidth usage, but they also ration it!! (true?) So can I safely 'pull the plug' each night for security or not? thnx

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• How can I throttle the bandwidth consumed by Windows Automatic Updates?

  - by eleven81

  We have many Windows XP computers sharing one connection to the internet. These machines are set to download all available automatic updates and then prompt the user to install them. Whenever Patch Tuesday rolls around, our internet usage pegs out, and remains that way for most of the day, and sometimes into the following Wednesday. This hurts! I still want the machines to start to download the updates as soon as they are available, but if it takes until Thursday or Friday before the last updates are downloaded, that's still better than the latency and dropped connections we are seeing now as a result of the internet connection bottleneck. What can I do to throttle back how rapidly each machine downloads the updates, while still having them all start the download process as soon as the updates are available? I have no desire to run a WSUS server. Also, the internet connection is more than enough, whenever there are no updates to download.

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• What free OS should I use on my VPS?

  - by earlz

  Hello, I looked a bit but didn't see any duplicate of this so my question is which free(open source) OS do you use on servers and why do you use that OS? Background I have a VPS at Linode. There is a broad range of options for which OS I can put on it including both 32 and 64bit OSs. I just use it to run my small blog and for hosting random files. It's very low traffic. I have been using 64bit Arch Linux on my VPS and though I love the OS for general usage, for a server the constant breakage is troublesome. So I'm considering trying something new and am looking for suggestions.

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• Does mdadm allow to mix sata drives and USB -> sata drives ?

  - by marc

  Welcome, I have question, i have working array md5 of 5 drives. We are running out of space. Server don't have big usage but it have to be online. We can't add another controller. I got idea to buy a USB drive case ? Does mdadm allow to mix array created on sata drives by controller and virtual usb ? (we don't boot from mdadm) But im not sure is this will work ? Is usb drives are configurated before mdadm demon start ? Regards

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• Linux wall command won't broadcast strings

  - by mjb

  I read here that this should work, but it doesn't: //usage: wall [file] root@sys:~> mesg is y root@sys:~> wall "who's out there" wall: can't read who's out there. If mesg is set to y, what's preventing me from broadcasting a string? Note, I did confirm that the file option works: root@sys:~> wall test Broadcast Message from root@sys (/dev/pts/1) at 15:23 ... Who's out there? Teach me knowledge please. mjb

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• NTFS write speed really slow (<15MB/s)

  - by Zulakis

  I got a new Seagate 4TB harddrive formatted with ntfs using parted /dev/sda > mklabel gpt > mkpart pri 1 -1 mkfs.ntfs /dev/sda1 When copying files or testing writespeed with dd, the max writespeed I can get is about 12MB/s. The harddrive should be capable of atleast 100MB/s. top shows high cpu usage for the mount.ntfs process. The system has a AMD dualcore. This is the output of parted /dev/sda unit s print: Model: ATA ST4000DM000-1F21 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 7814037168s Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 2048s 7814035455s 7814033408s pri The used kernel is 3.5.0-23-generic. The ntfs-3g versions I tried are ntfs-3g 2012.1.15AR.1 (ubuntu 12.04 default) and the newest version ntfs-3g 2013.1.13AR.2. When formatted with ext4 I get good write speeds with about 140MB/s. How can I fix the writespeed?

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• Force Firefox 14 to free memory when opening/closing lots of popups

  - by aknghiem

  I'm currently trying to run some tests on a web application using Selenium IDE with Firefox 14. The tests mainly consist in loading a page containing thousands of links and clicking on every of those links. Of course, each time a popup shows, I tell Selenium to close it and proceed with the remaining links. However, it seems that even if I close the popups, Firefox is not freeing memory. Usually, I end up with Firefox crashing after opening 1500 popups (around 2.5Gb of memory usage). Is there any way to force the browser to free memory? Maybe something I should set in about:config? Or is there a flaw with Selenium? Thanks.

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• Does ZFS cache Compressed or Uncompressed data in a ZFS file-system with compression turned on?

  - by George Bailey

  ZFS supports file-system compression and it also caches frequently or recently accessed data. If a system has lots of CPU but the underlying data storage system is slow. It is possible that ZFS would perform better with compression turned on. This can be easily tested when writing files by measuring CPU and disk usage and throughput. (of course latency may exist,, but this would not be an issue for large files). But what about cache? If data will have to be decompressed every time it is read then this is probably less of a good idea. Is the cached data compressed?. Does anybody have some information on this?

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• Open Source Visualization and Dashboard Software

  - by helios

  I am working on an open source Application Performance Monitoring (APM) software and looking for a visualization tool with dashboard capabilities. I came across Graphite which looks pretty good but wondering if there is anything better out there before I settle down with that tool. Here's the list of features I am interested in: Must-Have Open Source license API to submit real time data Web-based visualization interface Persistence - file or database Nice-To-Have Dashboard Capabilities: Allow users to select a few metrics (CPU, Heap Usage, # of Active Users etc.) and place them on a single page for easier monitoring. Any suggestions?

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• What is the effect on LVM snapshot size when a file block is rewritten with it's original contents?

  - by NevilleDNZ

  I'm exploring using LVM snapshot's to off site incremental archives from a snapshot "master" file system. In essence: simply copy across only the files on the "master" that have changed since the last incremental copy to the "archive". Then snapshot the "archive" to retain the incremental. I am a bit puzzled as to the block usage behaviour of the archive's own incremental snapshot. I'm expecting that LVM is not smart enough to know that the "file block" is actually unchanged, and the a new copy will be allocated and written for the fresh "archive" file system. Can anyone confirm this, or point me to a document/page that gives some hints? BTW: the OS hard disk cache, hard disk physical cache and hard disk itself also doesn't need to do any actual "disk writes" as the "disk block" likewise is unnecessary. Any pointers to discussion of this style of optimisation would also be ineresting.

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• Are bad data issues that common?

  - by Water Cooler v2

  I've worked for clients that had a large number of distinct, small to mid-sized projects, each interacting with each other via properly defined interfaces to share data, but not reading and writing to the same database. Each had their own separate database, their own cache, their own file servers/system that they had dedicated access to, and so they never caused any problems. One of these clients is a mobile content vendor, so they're lucky in a way that they do not have to face the same problems that everyday business applications do. They can create all those separate compartments where their components happily live in isolation of the others. However, for many business applications, this is not possible. I've worked with a few clients, one of whose applications I am doing the production support for, where there are "bad data issues" on an hourly basis. Yeah, it's that crazy. Some data records from one of the instances (lower than production, of course) would have been run a couple of weeks ago, and caused some other user's data to get corrupted. And then, a data script will have to be written to fix this issue. And I've seen this happening so much with this client that I have to ask. I've seen this happening at a moderate rate with other clients, but this one just seems to be out of order. If you're working with business applications that share a large amount of data by reading and writing to/from the same database, are "bad data issues" that common in your environment?

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• Is C++ (one of) the best language to learn at first

  - by AlexV

  C++ is one of the most used programming language in the world since like 25+ years. My first job as programmer was in C++ and I coded in C++ everyday for nearly 4 years. Now I do mostly PHP, but I will forever cherish this C++ background. C++ has helped me understand many "under the hood" features/behaviors/restrictions of many other (and different) programming languages like PHP and Delphi. I'm a full time programmer for 6+ years now and since I have a quite varied programming background I often get questions by "newbies" as where to start to become a "good" programmer. I think C++ is one of the best language to start with because it gives you a real usefull experience that will last and will teach you how things work under the hood. It's not the easier one to learn for a newbie, but in my opinion it's one that will reward in the long term. I would like to know your opinion on this matter to add to my arguments when I guide "newbies". After this introduction, here's my question : Is C++ (one of) the best language to learn at first for you. Since it's subjective, I've marked this question as community wiki. EDIT: This question is not about why Java (or C# or any other language) is better than C++ to start with, it's about what's make C++ a good choice or not a good choice to learn as one of your firsts languages. For example, for me C++ made me understand how the memory works. Now today in many languages everything is managed by the garbadge collector and some people don't even know that. I'm glad I know how it works underneath and I think it can help you to write better code.

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• Writing to external drive runs out of space prematurely

  - by steve

  I have a USB 2.0, 500 GB HDD. I am writing a bunch of data to it, that I previously recovered from the drive. I have formatted the drive in exFAT, since the drive will be used with Windows and OSX. At first, I tried using Windows explorer to move the files over to the drive (about 160 GiB worth) but after copying about 30% of the data (according to TeraCopy), Windows Explorer reported the drive as out of space, and that it was completely full. WinDirStat only showed the size of data that had been copied over... Where did this extra space go? Why is there a 300+ GiB discrepancy between the usage reported by the files and what Explorer sees?

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• windows 7 frequently crashes when running 64 bit debian on virtualbox

  - by erin c

  I've been having some hard times with Virtualbox. I use it to run 64-bit Debian guest on a Windows 7 host to be able to code for linux systems. It generally crashes when I build my code in eclipse cdt, or if I am doing some intensive operations. Should I lower the memory and core usage? Is this some sort of virtualbox problem? I upgraded to virtualbox v4.1.8 and the problem still occurs. My virtual machine instance uses 1736MB out of 4GB of ram, and I use 2 out of 8 processor cores. But still, the whole thing crashes 1 or 2 times every single day.

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