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  • cannot send mail to postfix /w iptables linux proxy

    - by Juzzam
    I have two separate servers, both running Ubuntu 8.04. Server 1 has the real domain name of our site, let's refer to it as example.com. Server 2 is a mail server I have setup with postfix/courier. The hostname for this server is mail.example.com. I've setup iptables on Server 1 to forward all traffic on port 25 to Server 2. I used this script (except I changed the target ip address and the port from 80 to 25). When I send an email to [email protected] it works. However, when I try to send an email to [email protected] from gmail, I get this error: 550 550 #5.1.0 Address rejected [email protected] (state 14) /var/log/mail.log shows no new lines when this happens. What is strange is that it works with telnet from my local machine. For example: $ telnet example.com 25 220 VO13421.localdomain SMTP Postfix EHLO example.com 250-VO13421.localdomain 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-ETRN 250-STARTTLS 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN MAIL FROM: [email protected] 250 2.1.0 Ok RCPT TO: [email protected] 250 2.1.5 Ok data 354 Please start mail input. hello user... how have you been? . 250 Mail queued for delivery. quit 221 Closing connection. Good bye. /var/log/mail.log shows success (and the email goes to the maildr): Feb 24 09:47:36 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: connect from 81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] Feb 24 09:48:01 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: warning: restriction `smtpd_data_restrictions' after `permit' is ignored Feb 24 09:48:01 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: 65C68120321: client=81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: warning: restriction `smtpd_data_restrictions' after `permit' is ignored Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: 6BDFA120321: client=81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/cleanup[2216]: 6BDFA120321: message-id= Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/qmgr[2042]: 6BDFA120321: from=, size=395, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/virtual[2217]: 6BDFA120321: to=, relay=virtual, delay=0.28, delays=0.25/0.02/0/0.01, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to maildir) Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/qmgr[2042]: 6BDFA120321: removed Feb 24 09:48:30 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: disconnect from 81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] iptables -L -n -v --line on example.com yields the following. Anyone know an iptables command to see the port forwarding? Also, it seems to accept all traffic, that's probably bad right? ;] num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 14041 1023K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 338 20722 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 419K packets, 425M bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 13711 2824K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 postconf -n results in: alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no config_directory = /etc/postfix delay_warning_time = 4h disable_vrfy_command = yes inet_interfaces = all local_recipient_maps = mailbox_size_limit = 0 masquerade_domains = mail.example.com mail1.example.com masquerade_exceptions = root maximal_backoff_time = 8000s maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d minimal_backoff_time = 1000s mydestination = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mynetworks_style = host myorigin = example.com readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relayhost = smtp_helo_timeout = 60s smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_banner = $myhostname SMTP $mail_name smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.njabl.org smtpd_delay_reject = yes smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, permit smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_alias.cf virtual_gid_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_gid.cf virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/virtual virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_domains.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_mailbox.cf virtual_uid_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_uid.cf

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  • cannot send mail to postfix /w iptables linux proxy

    - by Juzzam
    I have two separate servers, both running Ubuntu 8.04. Server 1 has the real domain name of our site, let's refer to it as example.com. Server 2 is a mail server I have setup with postfix/courier. The hostname for this server is mail.example.com. I've setup iptables on Server 1 to forward all traffic on port 25 to Server 2. I used this script (except I changed the target ip address and the port from 80 to 25). When I send an email to [email protected] it works. However, when I try to send an email to [email protected] from gmail, I get this error: 550 550 #5.1.0 Address rejected [email protected] (state 14) /var/log/mail.log shows no new lines when this happens. What is strange is that it works with telnet from my local machine. For example: $ telnet example.com 25 220 VO13421.localdomain SMTP Postfix EHLO example.com 250-VO13421.localdomain 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-ETRN 250-STARTTLS 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN MAIL FROM: [email protected] 250 2.1.0 Ok RCPT TO: [email protected] 250 2.1.5 Ok data 354 Please start mail input. hello user... how have you been? . 250 Mail queued for delivery. quit 221 Closing connection. Good bye. /var/log/mail.log shows success (and the email goes to the maildr): Feb 24 09:47:36 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: connect from 81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] Feb 24 09:48:01 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: warning: restriction `smtpd_data_restrictions' after `permit' is ignored Feb 24 09:48:01 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: 65C68120321: client=81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: warning: restriction `smtpd_data_restrictions' after `permit' is ignored Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: 6BDFA120321: client=81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/cleanup[2216]: 6BDFA120321: message-id= Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/qmgr[2042]: 6BDFA120321: from=, size=395, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/virtual[2217]: 6BDFA120321: to=, relay=virtual, delay=0.28, delays=0.25/0.02/0/0.01, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to maildir) Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/qmgr[2042]: 6BDFA120321: removed Feb 24 09:48:30 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: disconnect from 81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] iptables -L -n -v --line on example.com yields the following. Anyone know an iptables command to see the port forwarding? Also, it seems to accept all traffic, that's probably bad right? ;] num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 14041 1023K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 338 20722 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 419K packets, 425M bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 13711 2824K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 postconf -n results in: alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no config_directory = /etc/postfix delay_warning_time = 4h disable_vrfy_command = yes inet_interfaces = all local_recipient_maps = mailbox_size_limit = 0 masquerade_domains = mail.example.com mail1.example.com masquerade_exceptions = root maximal_backoff_time = 8000s maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d minimal_backoff_time = 1000s mydestination = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mynetworks_style = host myorigin = example.com readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relayhost = smtp_helo_timeout = 60s smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_banner = $myhostname SMTP $mail_name smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.njabl.org smtpd_delay_reject = yes smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, permit smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_alias.cf virtual_gid_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_gid.cf virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/virtual virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_domains.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_mailbox.cf virtual_uid_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_uid.cf

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  • How to fix Solr - Server is shutting down issue?

    - by Krunal
    I was having a running Solr 4.1 on Windows Server 2008 R2. The Solr is deployed on Tomcat. However, today it stops suddenly, and while accessing Solr it gives following error. HTTP Status 503 - Server is shutting down type Status report message Server is shutting down description The requested service is not currently available. On further looking into Logs, we got following: Log File: tomcat7-stderr.2013-05-09.txt May 09, 2013 8:00:40 PM org.apache.solr.core.CoreContainer finalize SEVERE: CoreContainer was not shutdown prior to finalize(), indicates a bug -- POSSIBLE RESOURCE LEAK!!! instance=2221663 Log File: catalina.2013-05-09.txt May 09, 2013 7:59:25 PM org.apache.solr.core.SolrResourceLoader <init> INFO: new SolrResourceLoader for directory: 'c:\solrdir\' May 09, 2013 7:59:29 PM org.apache.solr.common.SolrException log SEVERE: Exception during parsing file: null:org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; systemId: file:/c:/solr/solr.xml; lineNumber: 2; columnNumber: 6; The processing instruction target matching "[xX][mM][lL]" is not allowed. at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.fatalError(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLScanner.reportFatalError(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLScanner.scanPIData(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanPIData(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLScanner.scanPI(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$PrologDriver.next(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.DOMParser.parse(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderImpl.parse(Unknown Source) at org.apache.solr.core.Config.<init>(Config.java:121) at org.apache.solr.core.CoreContainer.load(CoreContainer.java:428) at org.apache.solr.core.CoreContainer.load(CoreContainer.java:404) at org.apache.solr.core.CoreContainer$Initializer.initialize(CoreContainer.java:336) at org.apache.solr.servlet.SolrDispatchFilter.init(SolrDispatchFilter.java:98) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:281) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:262) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4656) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5309) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:633) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:977) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1655) at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Unknown Source) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(Unknown Source) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source) at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source) May 09, 2013 7:59:29 PM org.apache.solr.servlet.SolrDispatchFilter init SEVERE: Could not start Solr. Check solr/home property and the logs May 09, 2013 7:59:29 PM org.apache.solr.common.SolrException log SEVERE: null:org.apache.solr.common.SolrException: at org.apache.solr.core.CoreContainer.load(CoreContainer.java:431) at org.apache.solr.core.CoreContainer.load(CoreContainer.java:404) at org.apache.solr.core.CoreContainer$Initializer.initialize(CoreContainer.java:336) at org.apache.solr.servlet.SolrDispatchFilter.init(SolrDispatchFilter.java:98) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:281) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:262) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4656) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5309) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:633) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:977) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1655) at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Unknown Source) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(Unknown Source) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source) at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source) Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; systemId: file:/c:/solrdir/solr.xml; lineNumber: 2; columnNumber: 6; The processing instruction target matching "[xX][mM][lL]" is not allowed. at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.fatalError(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLScanner.reportFatalError(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLScanner.scanPIData(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanPIData(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLScanner.scanPI(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$PrologDriver.next(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.DOMParser.parse(Unknown Source) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderImpl.parse(Unknown Source) at org.apache.solr.core.Config.<init>(Config.java:121) at org.apache.solr.core.CoreContainer.load(CoreContainer.java:428) ... 20 more May 09, 2013 7:59:29 PM org.apache.solr.servlet.SolrDispatchFilter init INFO: SolrDispatchFilter.init() done May 09, 2013 7:59:29 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory INFO: Deploying web application directory C:\Program Files (x86)\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 7.0\webapps\docs May 09, 2013 7:59:30 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory INFO: Deploying web application directory C:\Program Files (x86)\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 7.0\webapps\manager May 09, 2013 7:59:30 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory INFO: Deploying web application directory C:\Program Files (x86)\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 7.0\webapps\ROOT May 09, 2013 7:59:30 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8983"] May 09, 2013 7:59:30 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"] May 09, 2013 7:59:30 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start INFO: Server startup in 9578 ms May 09, 2013 8:00:40 PM org.apache.solr.core.CoreContainer finalize SEVERE: CoreContainer was not shutdown prior to finalize(), indicates a bug -- POSSIBLE RESOURCE LEAK!!! instance=2221663 Any idea what could be wrong and how to fix?

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  • Cisco 800 series won't forward port

    - by sam
    Hello ServerFault, I am trying to forward port 444 from my cisco router to my Web Server (192.168.0.2). As far as I can tell, my port forwarding is configured correctly, yet no traffic will pass through on port 444. Here is my config: ! version 12.3 service config no service pad service tcp-keepalives-in service tcp-keepalives-out service timestamps debug uptime service timestamps log uptime service password-encryption no service dhcp ! hostname QUESTMOUNT ! logging buffered 16386 informational logging rate-limit 100 except warnings no logging console no logging monitor enable secret 5 -removed- ! username administrator secret 5 -removed- username manager secret 5 -removed- clock timezone NZST 12 clock summer-time NZDT recurring 1 Sun Oct 2:00 3 Sun Mar 3:00 aaa new-model ! ! aaa authentication login default local aaa authentication login userlist local aaa authentication ppp default local aaa authorization network grouplist local aaa session-id common ip subnet-zero no ip source-route no ip domain lookup ip domain name quest.local ! ! no ip bootp server ip inspect name firewall tcp ip inspect name firewall udp ip inspect name firewall cuseeme ip inspect name firewall h323 ip inspect name firewall rcmd ip inspect name firewall realaudio ip inspect name firewall streamworks ip inspect name firewall vdolive ip inspect name firewall sqlnet ip inspect name firewall tftp ip inspect name firewall ftp ip inspect name firewall icmp ip inspect name firewall sip ip inspect name firewall fragment maximum 256 timeout 1 ip inspect name firewall netshow ip inspect name firewall rtsp ip inspect name firewall skinny ip inspect name firewall http ip audit notify log ip audit po max-events 100 ip audit name intrusion info list 3 action alarm ip audit name intrusion attack list 3 action alarm drop reset no ftp-server write-enable ! ! ! ! crypto isakmp policy 1 authentication pre-share ! crypto isakmp policy 2 encr 3des authentication pre-share group 2 ! crypto isakmp client configuration group staff key 0 qS;,sc:q<skro1^, domain quest.local pool vpnclients acl 106 ! ! crypto ipsec transform-set tr-null-sha esp-null esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set tr-des-md5 esp-des esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set tr-des-sha esp-des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set tr-3des-sha esp-3des esp-sha-hmac ! crypto dynamic-map vpnusers 1 description Client to Site VPN Users set transform-set tr-des-md5 ! ! crypto map cm-cryptomap client authentication list userlist crypto map cm-cryptomap isakmp authorization list grouplist crypto map cm-cryptomap client configuration address respond crypto map cm-cryptomap 65000 ipsec-isakmp dynamic vpnusers ! ! ! ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 192.168.0.254 255.255.255.0 ip access-group 102 in ip nat inside hold-queue 100 out ! interface ATM0 no ip address no atm ilmi-keepalive dsl operating-mode auto ! interface ATM0.1 point-to-point pvc 0/100 encapsulation aal5mux ppp dialer dialer pool-member 1 ! ! interface Dialer0 bandwidth 640 ip address negotiated ip access-group 101 in no ip redirects no ip unreachables ip nat outside ip inspect firewall out ip audit intrusion in encapsulation ppp no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache dialer pool 1 dialer-group 1 no cdp enable ppp pap sent-username -removed- password 7 -removed- ppp ipcp dns request crypto map cm-cryptomap ! ip local pool vpnclients 192.168.99.1 192.168.99.254 ip nat inside source list 105 interface Dialer0 overload ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.2 444 interface Dialer0 444 ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.51 9000 interface Dialer0 9000 ip nat inside source static udp 192.168.0.2 1433 interface Dialer0 1433 ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.2 1433 interface Dialer0 1433 ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.2 25 interface Dialer0 25 ip classless ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Dialer0 ip http server no ip http secure-server ! ip access-list logging interval 10 logging 192.168.0.2 access-list 1 remark The local LAN. access-list 1 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 2 permit 192.168.0.0 access-list 2 remark Where management can be done from. access-list 2 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 3 remark Traffic not to check for intrustion detection. access-list 3 deny 192.168.99.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 3 permit any access-list 101 remark Traffic allowed to enter the router from the Internet access-list 101 permit ip 192.168.99.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 101 deny ip 0.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any access-list 101 deny ip 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any access-list 101 deny ip 127.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any access-list 101 deny ip 169.254.0.0 0.0.255.255 any access-list 101 deny ip 172.16.0.0 0.15.255.255 any access-list 101 deny ip 192.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 any access-list 101 deny ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 any access-list 101 deny ip 198.18.0.0 0.1.255.255 any access-list 101 deny ip 224.0.0.0 0.15.255.255 any access-list 101 deny ip any host 255.255.255.255 access-list 101 permit tcp 67.228.209.128 0.0.0.15 any eq 1433 access-list 101 permit tcp host 120.136.2.22 any eq 1433 access-list 101 permit tcp host 123.100.90.58 any eq 1433 access-list 101 permit udp 67.228.209.128 0.0.0.15 any eq 1433 access-list 101 permit udp host 120.136.2.22 any eq 1433 access-list 101 permit udp host 123.100.90.58 any eq 1433 access-list 101 permit tcp any any eq 444 access-list 101 permit tcp any any eq 9000 access-list 101 permit tcp any any eq smtp access-list 101 permit udp any any eq non500-isakmp access-list 101 permit udp any any eq isakmp access-list 101 permit esp any any access-list 101 permit tcp any any eq 1723 access-list 101 permit gre any any access-list 101 permit tcp any any eq 22 access-list 101 permit tcp any any eq telnet access-list 102 remark Traffic allowed to enter the router from the Ethernet access-list 102 permit ip any host 192.168.0.254 access-list 102 deny ip any host 192.168.0.255 access-list 102 deny udp any any eq tftp log access-list 102 permit ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.99.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 102 deny ip any 0.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 log access-list 102 deny ip any 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 log access-list 102 deny ip any 127.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 log access-list 102 deny ip any 169.254.0.0 0.0.255.255 log access-list 102 deny ip any 172.16.0.0 0.15.255.255 log access-list 102 deny ip any 192.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 log access-list 102 deny ip any 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 log access-list 102 deny ip any 198.18.0.0 0.1.255.255 log access-list 102 deny udp any any eq 135 log access-list 102 deny tcp any any eq 135 log access-list 102 deny udp any any eq netbios-ns log access-list 102 deny udp any any eq netbios-dgm log access-list 102 deny tcp any any eq 445 log access-list 102 permit ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 any access-list 102 permit ip any host 255.255.255.255 access-list 102 deny ip any any log access-list 105 remark Traffic to NAT access-list 105 deny ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.99.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 105 permit ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 any access-list 106 remark User to Site VPN Clients access-list 106 permit ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 any dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit ! line con 0 no modem enable line aux 0 line vty 0 4 access-class 2 in transport input telnet ssh transport output none ! scheduler max-task-time 5000 ! end any ideas? :)

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  • Visual Studio 2012 Installation fails on Windows 7

    - by Vipul
    I am trying to install Visual Studio 2012 on Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit machine, but installation fails. I tried to install all version (premium, ultimate etc..) but getting below error. Machine is not domain joined and logged in as administrative user. I was using Security Essentials but turn it off before the installation. Installation source is from MSDN. Error log is too big to upload, important portion from the log: [2B6C:2580][2012-09-16T23:06:40]: MUX: ERROR: The type initializer for 'System.Windows.Media.FontFamily' threw an exception.

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  • Windows Server 2008 R2 network adapter stops working, requires hard reboot

    - by Geoff Dalgas
    TL;DR version: Turns out this was a Windows Server 2008 R2 kernel networking bug. After siccing Microsoft support on it, we (eventually) got an unpublished kernel hotfix from Microsoft to address it. If you, too, are experiencing mysterious low-level network driver failures requiring a reboot/bluescreen cycle, you might want that hotfix (or maybe Service Pack 1 whenever it is released, too.) We have been using HAProxy along with heartbeat from the Linux-HA project. We are using two linux instances to provide a failover. Each server has with their own public IP and a single IP which is shared between the two using a virtual interface (eth1:1) at IP: 69.59.196.211 The virtual interface (eth1:1) IP 69.59.196.211 is configured as the gateway for the windows servers behind them and we use ip_forwarding to route traffic. We are experiencing an occasional network outage on one of our windows servers behind our linux gateways. HAProxy will detect the server is offline which we can verify by remoting to the failed server and attempting to ping the gateway: Pinging 69.59.196.211 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 69.59.196.220: Destination host unreachable. Running arp -a on this failed server shows that there is no entry for the gateway address (69.59.196.211): Interface: 69.59.196.220 --- 0xa Internet Address Physical Address Type 69.59.196.161 00-26-88-63-c7-80 dynamic 69.59.196.210 00-15-5d-0a-3e-0e dynamic 69.59.196.212 00-21-5e-4d-45-c9 dynamic 69.59.196.213 00-15-5d-00-b2-0d dynamic 69.59.196.215 00-21-5e-4d-61-1a dynamic 69.59.196.217 00-21-5e-4d-2c-e8 dynamic 69.59.196.219 00-21-5e-4d-38-e5 dynamic 69.59.196.221 00-15-5d-00-b2-0d dynamic 69.59.196.222 00-15-5d-0a-3e-09 dynamic 69.59.196.223 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static 224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static 224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc static 225.0.0.1 01-00-5e-00-00-01 static On our linux gateway instances arp -a shows: peak-colo-196-220.peak.org (69.59.196.220) at <incomplete> on eth1 stackoverflow.com (69.59.196.212) at 00:21:5e:4d:45:c9 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-215.peak.org (69.59.196.215) at 00:21:5e:4d:61:1a [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-219.peak.org (69.59.196.219) at 00:21:5e:4d:38:e5 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-222.peak.org (69.59.196.222) at 00:15:5d:0a:3e:09 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-209.peak.org (69.59.196.209) at 00:26:88:63:c7:80 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-217.peak.org (69.59.196.217) at 00:21:5e:4d:2c:e8 [ether] on eth1 Why would arp occasionally set the entry for this failed server as <incomplete>? Should we be defining our arp entries statically? I've always left arp alone since it works 99% of the time, but in this one instance it appears to be failing. Are there any additional troubleshooting steps we can take help resolve this issue? THINGS WE HAVE TRIED I added a static arp entry for testing on one of the linux gateways which still didn't help. root@haproxy2:~# arp -a peak-colo-196-215.peak.org (69.59.196.215) at 00:21:5e:4d:61:1a [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-221.peak.org (69.59.196.221) at 00:15:5d:00:b2:0d [ether] on eth1 stackoverflow.com (69.59.196.212) at 00:21:5e:4d:45:c9 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-219.peak.org (69.59.196.219) at 00:21:5e:4d:38:e5 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-209.peak.org (69.59.196.209) at 00:26:88:63:c7:80 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-217.peak.org (69.59.196.217) at 00:21:5e:4d:2c:e8 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-220.peak.org (69.59.196.220) at 00:21:5e:4d:30:8d [ether] PERM on eth1 root@haproxy2:~# arp -i eth1 -s 69.59.196.220 00:21:5e:4d:30:8d root@haproxy2:~# ping 69.59.196.220 PING 69.59.196.220 (69.59.196.220) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 69.59.196.220 ping statistics --- 7 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 6006ms Rebooting the windows web server solves this issue temporarily with no other changes to the network but our experience shows this issue will come back. Swapping network cards and switches I noticed the link light on the port of the switch for the failed windows server was running at 100Mb instead of 1Gb on the failed interface. I moved the cable to several other open ports and the link indicated 100Mb for each port that I tried. I also swapped the cable with the same result. I tried changing the properties of the network card in windows and the server locked up and required a hard reset after clicking apply. This windows server has two physical network interfaces so I have swapped the cables and network settings on the two interfaces to see if the problem follows the interface. If the public interface goes down again we will know that it is not an issue with the network card. (We also tried another switch we have on hand, no change) Changing network hardware driver versions We've had the same problem with the latest Broadcom driver, as well as the built-in driver that ships in Windows Server 2008 R2. Replacing network cables As a last ditch effort we remembered another change that occurred was the replacement of all of the patch cords between our servers / switch. We had purchased two sets, one green of lengths 1ft - 3ft for the private interfaces and another set of red cables for the public interfaces. We swapped out all of the public interface patch cables with a different brand and ran our servers without issue for a full week ... aaaaaand then the problem recurred. Disable checksum offload, remove TProxy We also tried disabling TCP/IP checksum offload in the driver, no change. We're now pulling out TProxy and moving to a more traditional x-forwarded-for network arrangement without any fancy IP address rewriting. We'll see if that helps. Switch Virtualization providers On the off chance this was related to Hyper-V in some way (we do host Linux VMs on it), we switched to VMWare Server. No change. Switch host model We've reached the end of our troubleshooting rope and are now formally involving Microsoft support. They recommended changing the host model: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_model http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2007.09.cableguy.aspx We did that, and.. we'll see.

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  • ASP.NET Podcast Show #148 - ASP.NET WebForms to build a Mobile Web Application

    - by Wallym
    Check the podcast site for the original url. This is the video and source code for an ASP.NET WebForms app that I wrote that is optimized for the iPhone and mobile environments.  Subscribe to everything. Subscribe to WMV. Subscribe to M4V for iPhone/iPad. Subscribe to MP3. Download WMV. Download M4V for iPhone/iPad. Download MP3. Link to iWebKit. Source Code: <%@ Page Title="MapSplore" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="iPhoneMaster.master" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="AT_iPhone_Default" %> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="head" Runat="Server"></asp:Content><asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="Content" Runat="Server" ClientIDMode="Static">    <asp:ScriptManager ID="sm" runat="server"         EnablePartialRendering="true" EnableHistory="false" EnableCdn="true" />    <script type="text/javascript" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/api/js?sensor=true"></script>    <script  language="javascript"  type="text/javascript">    <!--    Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager.getInstance().add_endRequest(endRequestHandle);    function endRequestHandle(sender, Args) {        setupMapDiv();        setupPlaceIveBeen();    }    function setupPlaceIveBeen() {        var mapPlaceIveBeen = document.getElementById('divPlaceIveBeen');        if (mapPlaceIveBeen != null) {            var PlaceLat = document.getElementById('<%=hdPlaceIveBeenLatitude.ClientID %>').value;            var PlaceLon = document.getElementById('<%=hdPlaceIveBeenLongitude.ClientID %>').value;            var PlaceTitle = document.getElementById('<%=lblPlaceIveBeenName.ClientID %>').innerHTML;            var latlng = new google.maps.LatLng(PlaceLat, PlaceLon);            var myOptions = {                zoom: 14,                center: latlng,                mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP            };            var map = new google.maps.Map(mapPlaceIveBeen, myOptions);            var marker = new google.maps.Marker({                position: new google.maps.LatLng(PlaceLat, PlaceLon),                map: map,                title: PlaceTitle,                clickable: false            });        }    }    function setupMapDiv() {        var mapdiv = document.getElementById('divImHere');        if (mapdiv != null) {            var PlaceLat = document.getElementById('<%=hdPlaceLat.ClientID %>').value;            var PlaceLon = document.getElementById('<%=hdPlaceLon.ClientID %>').value;            var PlaceTitle = document.getElementById('<%=hdPlaceTitle.ClientID %>').value;            var latlng = new google.maps.LatLng(PlaceLat, PlaceLon);            var myOptions = {                zoom: 14,                center: latlng,                mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP            };            var map = new google.maps.Map(mapdiv, myOptions);            var marker = new google.maps.Marker({                position: new google.maps.LatLng(PlaceLat, PlaceLon),                map: map,                title: PlaceTitle,                clickable: false            });        }     }    -->    </script>    <asp:HiddenField ID="Latitude" runat="server" />    <asp:HiddenField ID="Longitude" runat="server" />    <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js%22%3E%3C/script>    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">        $(document).ready(function () {            GetLocation();            setupMapDiv();            setupPlaceIveBeen();        });        function GetLocation() {            if (navigator.geolocation != null) {                navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(getData);            }            else {                var mess = document.getElementById('<%=Message.ClientID %>');                mess.innerHTML = "Sorry, your browser does not support geolocation. " +                    "Try the latest version of Safari on the iPhone, Android browser, or the latest version of FireFox.";            }        }        function UpdateLocation_Click() {            GetLocation();        }        function getData(position) {            var latitude = position.coords.latitude;            var longitude = position.coords.longitude;            var hdLat = document.getElementById('<%=Latitude.ClientID %>');            var hdLon = document.getElementById('<%=Longitude.ClientID %>');            hdLat.value = latitude;            hdLon.value = longitude;        }    </script>    <asp:Label ID="Message" runat="server" />    <asp:UpdatePanel ID="upl" runat="server">        <ContentTemplate>    <asp:Panel ID="pnlStart" runat="server" Visible="true">    <div id="topbar">        <div id="title">MapSplore</div>    </div>    <div id="content">        <ul class="pageitem">            <li class="menu">                <asp:LinkButton ID="lbLocalDeals" runat="server" onclick="lbLocalDeals_Click">                <asp:Image ID="imLocalDeals" runat="server" ImageUrl="~/Images/ArtFavor_Money_Bag_Icon.png" Height="30" />                <span class="name">Local Deals.</span>                <span class="arrow"></span>                </asp:LinkButton>                </li>            <li class="menu">                <asp:LinkButton ID="lbLocalPlaces" runat="server" onclick="lbLocalPlaces_Click">                <asp:Image ID="imLocalPlaces" runat="server" ImageUrl="~/Images/Andy_Houses_on_the_horizon_-_Starburst_remix.png" Height="30" />                <span class="name">Local Places.</span>                <span class="arrow"></span>                </asp:LinkButton>                </li>            <li class="menu">                <asp:LinkButton ID="lbWhereIveBeen" runat="server" onclick="lbWhereIveBeen_Click">                <asp:Image ID="imImHere" runat="server" ImageUrl="~/Images/ryanlerch_flagpole.png" Height="30" />                <span class="name">I've been here.</span>                <span class="arrow"></span>                </asp:LinkButton>                </li>            <li class="menu">                <asp:LinkButton ID="lbMyStats" runat="server">                <asp:Image ID="imMyStats" runat="server" ImageUrl="~/Images/Anonymous_Spreadsheet.png" Height="30" />                <span class="name">My Stats.</span>                <span class="arrow"></span>                </asp:LinkButton>                </li>            <li class="menu">                <asp:LinkButton ID="lbAddAPlace" runat="server" onclick="lbAddAPlace_Click">                <asp:Image ID="imAddAPlace" runat="server" ImageUrl="~/Images/jean_victor_balin_add.png" Height="30" />                <span class="name">Add a Place.</span>                <span class="arrow"></span>                </asp:LinkButton>                </li>            <li class="button">                <input type="button" value="Update Your Current Location" onclick="UpdateLocation_Click()">                </li>        </ul>    </div>    </asp:Panel>    <div>    <asp:Panel ID="pnlCoupons" runat="server" Visible="false">        <div id="topbar">        <div id="title">MapSplore</div>        <div id="leftbutton">            <asp:LinkButton runat="server" Text="Return"                 ID="ReturnFromDeals" OnClick="ReturnFromDeals_Click" /></div></div>    <div class="content">    <asp:ListView ID="lvCoupons" runat="server">        <LayoutTemplate>            <ul class="pageitem" runat="server">                <asp:PlaceHolder ID="itemPlaceholder" runat="server" />            </ul>        </LayoutTemplate>        <ItemTemplate>            <li class="menu">                <asp:LinkButton ID="lbBusiness" runat="server" Text='<%#Eval("Place.Name") %>' OnClick="lbBusiness_Click">                    <span class="comment">                    <asp:Label ID="lblAddress" runat="server" Text='<%#Eval("Place.Address1") %>' />                    <asp:Label ID="lblDis" runat="server" Text='<%# Convert.ToString(Convert.ToInt32(Eval("Place.Distance"))) + " meters" %>' CssClass="smallText" />                    <asp:HiddenField ID="hdPlaceId" runat="server" Value='<%#Eval("PlaceId") %>' />                    <asp:HiddenField ID="hdGeoPromotionId" runat="server" Value='<%#Eval("GeoPromotionId") %>' />                    </span>                    <span class="arrow"></span>                </asp:LinkButton></li></ItemTemplate></asp:ListView><asp:GridView ID="gvCoupons" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="false">            <HeaderStyle BackColor="Silver" />            <AlternatingRowStyle BackColor="Wheat" />            <Columns>                <asp:TemplateField AccessibleHeaderText="Business" HeaderText="Business">                    <ItemTemplate>                        <asp:Image ID="imPlaceType" runat="server" Text='<%#Eval("Type") %>' ImageUrl='<%#Eval("Image") %>' />                        <asp:LinkButton ID="lbBusiness" runat="server" Text='<%#Eval("Name") %>' OnClick="lbBusiness_Click" />                        <asp:LinkButton ID="lblAddress" runat="server" Text='<%#Eval("Address1") %>' CssClass="smallText" />                        <asp:Label ID="lblDis" runat="server" Text='<%# Convert.ToString(Convert.ToInt32(Eval("Distance"))) + " meters" %>' CssClass="smallText" />                        <asp:HiddenField ID="hdPlaceId" runat="server" Value='<%#Eval("PlaceId") %>' />                        <asp:HiddenField ID="hdGeoPromotionId" runat="server" Value='<%#Eval("GeoPromotionId") %>' />                        <asp:Label ID="lblInfo" runat="server" Visible="false" />                    </ItemTemplate>                </asp:TemplateField>            </Columns>        </asp:GridView>    </div>    </asp:Panel>    <asp:Panel ID="pnlPlaces" runat="server" Visible="false">    <div id="topbar">        <div id="title">            MapSplore</div><div id="leftbutton">            <asp:LinkButton runat="server" Text="Return"                 ID="ReturnFromPlaces" OnClick="ReturnFromPlaces_Click" /></div></div>        <div id="content">        <asp:ListView ID="lvPlaces" runat="server">            <LayoutTemplate>                <ul id="ulPlaces" class="pageitem" runat="server">                    <asp:PlaceHolder ID="itemPlaceholder" runat="server" />                    <li class="menu">                        <asp:LinkButton ID="lbNotListed" runat="server" CssClass="name"                            OnClick="lbNotListed_Click">                            Place not listed                            <span class="arrow"></span>                            </asp:LinkButton>                    </li>                </ul>            </LayoutTemplate>            <ItemTemplate>            <li class="menu">                <asp:LinkButton ID="lbImHere" runat="server" CssClass="name"                     OnClick="lbImHere_Click">                <%#DisplayName(Eval("Name")) %>&nbsp;                <%# Convert.ToString(Convert.ToInt32(Eval("Distance"))) + " meters" %>                <asp:HiddenField ID="hdPlaceId" runat="server" Value='<%#Eval("PlaceId") %>' />                <span class="arrow"></span>                </asp:LinkButton></li></ItemTemplate></asp:ListView>    </div>    </asp:Panel>    <asp:Panel ID="pnlImHereNow" runat="server" Visible="false">        <div id="topbar">        <div id="title">            MapSplore</div><div id="leftbutton">            <asp:LinkButton runat="server" Text="Places"                 ID="lbImHereNowReturn" OnClick="lbImHereNowReturn_Click" /></div></div>            <div id="rightbutton">            <asp:LinkButton runat="server" Text="Beginning"                ID="lbBackToBeginning" OnClick="lbBackToBeginning_Click" />            </div>        <div id="content">        <ul class="pageitem">        <asp:HiddenField ID="hdPlaceId" runat="server" />        <asp:HiddenField ID="hdPlaceLat" runat="server" />        <asp:HiddenField ID="hdPlaceLon" runat="server" />        <asp:HiddenField ID="hdPlaceTitle" runat="server" />        <asp:Button ID="btnImHereNow" runat="server"             Text="I'm here" OnClick="btnImHereNow_Click" />             <asp:Label ID="lblPlaceTitle" runat="server" /><br />        <asp:TextBox ID="txtWhatsHappening" runat="server" TextMode="MultiLine" Rows="2" style="width:300px" /><br />        <div id="divImHere" style="width:300px; height:300px"></div>        </div>        </ul>    </asp:Panel>    <asp:Panel runat="server" ID="pnlIveBeenHere" Visible="false">        <div id="topbar">        <div id="title">            Where I've been</div><div id="leftbutton">            <asp:LinkButton ID="lbIveBeenHereBack" runat="server" Text="Back" OnClick="lbIveBeenHereBack_Click" /></div></div>        <div id="content">        <asp:ListView ID="lvWhereIveBeen" runat="server">            <LayoutTemplate>                <ul id="ulWhereIveBeen" class="pageitem" runat="server">                    <asp:PlaceHolder ID="itemPlaceholder" runat="server" />                </ul>            </LayoutTemplate>            <ItemTemplate>            <li class="menu" runat="server">                <asp:LinkButton ID="lbPlaceIveBeen" runat="server" OnClick="lbPlaceIveBeen_Click" CssClass="name">                    <asp:Label ID="lblPlace" runat="server" Text='<%#Eval("PlaceName") %>' /> at                    <asp:Label ID="lblTime" runat="server" Text='<%#Eval("ATTime") %>' CssClass="content" />                    <asp:HiddenField ID="hdATID" runat="server" Value='<%#Eval("ATID") %>' />                    <span class="arrow"></span>                </asp:LinkButton>            </li>            </ItemTemplate>        </asp:ListView>        </div>        </asp:Panel>    <asp:Panel runat="server" ID="pnlPlaceIveBeen" Visible="false">        <div id="topbar">        <div id="title">            I've been here        </div>        <div id="leftbutton">            <asp:LinkButton ID="lbPlaceIveBeenBack" runat="server" Text="Back" OnClick="lbPlaceIveBeenBack_Click" />        </div>        <div id="rightbutton">            <asp:LinkButton ID="lbPlaceIveBeenBeginning" runat="server" Text="Beginning" OnClick="lbPlaceIveBeenBeginning_Click" />        </div>        </div>        <div id="content">            <ul class="pageitem">            <li>            <asp:HiddenField ID="hdPlaceIveBeenPlaceId" runat="server" />            <asp:HiddenField ID="hdPlaceIveBeenLatitude" runat="server" />            <asp:HiddenField ID="hdPlaceIveBeenLongitude" runat="server" />            <asp:Label ID="lblPlaceIveBeenName" runat="server" /><br />            <asp:Label ID="lblPlaceIveBeenAddress" runat="server" /><br />            <asp:Label ID="lblPlaceIveBeenCity" runat="server" />,             <asp:Label ID="lblPlaceIveBeenState" runat="server" />            <asp:Label ID="lblPlaceIveBeenZipCode" runat="server" /><br />            <asp:Label ID="lblPlaceIveBeenCountry" runat="server" /><br />            <div id="divPlaceIveBeen" style="width:300px; height:300px"></div>            </li>            </ul>        </div>                </asp:Panel>         <asp:Panel ID="pnlAddPlace" runat="server" Visible="false">                <div id="topbar"><div id="title">MapSplore</div><div id="leftbutton"><asp:LinkButton ID="lbAddPlaceReturn" runat="server" Text="Back" OnClick="lbAddPlaceReturn_Click" /></div><div id="rightnav"></div></div><div id="content">    <ul class="pageitem">        <li id="liPlaceAddMessage" runat="server" visible="false">        <asp:Label ID="PlaceAddMessage" runat="server" />        </li>        <li class="bigfield">        <asp:TextBox ID="txtPlaceName" runat="server" placeholder="Name of Establishment" />        </li>        <li class="bigfield">        <asp:TextBox ID="txtAddress1" runat="server" placeholder="Address 1" />        </li>        <li class="bigfield">        <asp:TextBox ID="txtCity" runat="server" placeholder="City" />        </li>        <li class="select">        <asp:DropDownList ID="ddlProvince" runat="server" placeholder="Select State" />          <span class="arrow"></span>              </li>        <li class="bigfield">        <asp:TextBox ID="txtZipCode" runat="server" placeholder="Zip Code" />        </li>        <li class="select">        <asp:DropDownList ID="ddlCountry" runat="server"             onselectedindexchanged="ddlCountry_SelectedIndexChanged" />        <span class="arrow"></span>        </li>        <li class="bigfield">        <asp:TextBox ID="txtPhoneNumber" runat="server" placeholder="Phone Number" />        </li>        <li class="checkbox">            <span class="name">You Here Now:</span> <asp:CheckBox ID="cbYouHereNow" runat="server" Checked="true" />        </li>        <li class="button">        <asp:Button ID="btnAdd" runat="server" Text="Add Place"             onclick="btnAdd_Click" />        </li>    </ul></div>        </asp:Panel>        <asp:Panel ID="pnlImHere" runat="server" Visible="false">            <asp:TextBox ID="txtImHere" runat="server"                 TextMode="MultiLine" Rows="3" Columns="40" /><br />            <asp:DropDownList ID="ddlPlace" runat="server" /><br />            <asp:Button ID="btnHere" runat="server" Text="Tell Everyone I'm Here"                 onclick="btnHere_Click" /><br />        </asp:Panel>     </div>    </ContentTemplate>    </asp:UpdatePanel> </asp:Content> Code Behind .cs file: using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Web.Security;using System.Web.UI;using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;using System.Web.UI.WebControls;using LocationDataModel; public partial class AT_iPhone_Default : ViewStatePage{    private iPhoneDevice ipd;     protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        LocationDataEntities lde = new LocationDataEntities();        if (!Page.IsPostBack)        {            var Countries = from c in lde.Countries select c;            foreach (Country co in Countries)            {                ddlCountry.Items.Add(new ListItem(co.Name, co.CountryId.ToString()));            }            ddlCountry_SelectedIndexChanged(ddlCountry, null);            if (AppleIPhone.IsIPad())                ipd = iPhoneDevice.iPad;            if (AppleIPhone.IsIPhone())                ipd = iPhoneDevice.iPhone;            if (AppleIPhone.IsIPodTouch())                ipd = iPhoneDevice.iPodTouch;        }    }    protected void btnPlaces_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {    }    protected void btnAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        bool blImHere = cbYouHereNow.Checked;        string Place = txtPlaceName.Text,            Address1 = txtAddress1.Text,            City = txtCity.Text,            ZipCode = txtZipCode.Text,            PhoneNumber = txtPhoneNumber.Text,            ProvinceId = ddlProvince.SelectedItem.Value,            CountryId = ddlCountry.SelectedItem.Value;        int iProvinceId, iCountryId;        double dLatitude, dLongitude;        DataAccess da = new DataAccess();        if ((!String.IsNullOrEmpty(ProvinceId)) &&            (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(CountryId)))        {            iProvinceId = Convert.ToInt32(ProvinceId);            iCountryId = Convert.ToInt32(CountryId);            if (blImHere)            {                dLatitude = Convert.ToDouble(Latitude.Value);                dLongitude = Convert.ToDouble(Longitude.Value);                da.StorePlace(Place, Address1, String.Empty, City,                    iProvinceId, ZipCode, iCountryId, PhoneNumber,                    dLatitude, dLongitude);            }            else            {                da.StorePlace(Place, Address1, String.Empty, City,                    iProvinceId, ZipCode, iCountryId, PhoneNumber);            }            liPlaceAddMessage.Visible = true;            PlaceAddMessage.Text = "Awesome, your place has been added. Add Another!";            txtPlaceName.Text = String.Empty;            txtAddress1.Text = String.Empty;            txtCity.Text = String.Empty;            ddlProvince.SelectedIndex = -1;            txtZipCode.Text = String.Empty;            txtPhoneNumber.Text = String.Empty;        }        else        {            liPlaceAddMessage.Visible = true;            PlaceAddMessage.Text = "Please select a State and a Country.";        }    }    protected void ddlCountry_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        string CountryId = ddlCountry.SelectedItem.Value;        if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(CountryId))        {            int iCountryId = Convert.ToInt32(CountryId);            LocationDataModel.LocationDataEntities lde = new LocationDataModel.LocationDataEntities();            var prov = from p in lde.Provinces where p.CountryId == iCountryId                        orderby p.ProvinceName select p;                        ddlProvince.Items.Add(String.Empty);            foreach (Province pr in prov)            {                ddlProvince.Items.Add(new ListItem(pr.ProvinceName, pr.ProvinceId.ToString()));            }        }        else        {            ddlProvince.Items.Clear();        }    }    protected void btnImHere_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        int i = 0;        DataAccess da = new DataAccess();        double Lat = Convert.ToDouble(Latitude.Value),            Lon = Convert.ToDouble(Longitude.Value);        List<Place> lp = da.NearByLocations(Lat, Lon);        foreach (Place p in lp)        {            ListItem li = new ListItem(p.Name, p.PlaceId.ToString());            if (i == 0)            {                li.Selected = true;            }            ddlPlace.Items.Add(li);            i++;        }        pnlAddPlace.Visible = false;        pnlImHere.Visible = true;    }    protected void lbImHere_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        string UserName = Membership.GetUser().UserName;        ListViewItem lvi = (ListViewItem)(((LinkButton)sender).Parent);        HiddenField hd = (HiddenField)lvi.FindControl("hdPlaceId");        long PlaceId = Convert.ToInt64(hd.Value);        double dLatitude = Convert.ToDouble(Latitude.Value);        double dLongitude = Convert.ToDouble(Longitude.Value);        DataAccess da = new DataAccess();        Place pl = da.GetPlace(PlaceId);        pnlImHereNow.Visible = true;        pnlPlaces.Visible = false;        hdPlaceId.Value = PlaceId.ToString();        hdPlaceLat.Value = pl.Latitude.ToString();        hdPlaceLon.Value = pl.Longitude.ToString();        hdPlaceTitle.Value = pl.Name;        lblPlaceTitle.Text = pl.Name;    }    protected void btnHere_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        string UserName = Membership.GetUser().UserName;        string WhatsH = txtImHere.Text;        long PlaceId = Convert.ToInt64(ddlPlace.SelectedValue);        double dLatitude = Convert.ToDouble(Latitude.Value);        double dLongitude = Convert.ToDouble(Longitude.Value);        DataAccess da = new DataAccess();        da.StoreUserAT(UserName, PlaceId, WhatsH,            dLatitude, dLongitude);    }    protected void btnLocalCoupons_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        double dLatitude = Convert.ToDouble(Latitude.Value);        double dLongitude = Convert.ToDouble(Longitude.Value);        DataAccess da = new DataAccess();     }    protected void lbBusiness_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        string UserName = Membership.GetUser().UserName;        GridViewRow gvr = (GridViewRow)(((LinkButton)sender).Parent.Parent);        HiddenField hd = (HiddenField)gvr.FindControl("hdPlaceId");        string sPlaceId = hd.Value;        Int64 PlaceId;        if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(sPlaceId))        {            PlaceId = Convert.ToInt64(sPlaceId);        }    }    protected void lbLocalDeals_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        double dLatitude = Convert.ToDouble(Latitude.Value);        double dLongitude = Convert.ToDouble(Longitude.Value);        DataAccess da = new DataAccess();        pnlCoupons.Visible = true;        pnlStart.Visible = false;        List<GeoPromotion> lgp = da.NearByDeals(dLatitude, dLongitude);        lvCoupons.DataSource = lgp;        lvCoupons.DataBind();    }    protected void lbLocalPlaces_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        DataAccess da = new DataAccess();        double Lat = Convert.ToDouble(Latitude.Value);        double Lon = Convert.ToDouble(Longitude.Value);        List<LocationDataModel.Place> places = da.NearByLocations(Lat, Lon);        lvPlaces.DataSource = places;        lvPlaces.SelectedIndex = -1;        lvPlaces.DataBind();        pnlPlaces.Visible = true;        pnlStart.Visible = false;    }    protected void ReturnFromPlaces_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        pnlPlaces.Visible = false;        pnlStart.Visible = true;    }    protected void ReturnFromDeals_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        pnlCoupons.Visible = false;        pnlStart.Visible = true;    }    protected void btnImHereNow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        long PlaceId = Convert.ToInt32(hdPlaceId.Value);        string UserName = Membership.GetUser().UserName;        string WhatsHappening = txtWhatsHappening.Text;        double UserLat = Convert.ToDouble(Latitude.Value);        double UserLon = Convert.ToDouble(Longitude.Value);        DataAccess da = new DataAccess();        da.StoreUserAT(UserName, PlaceId, WhatsHappening,             UserLat, UserLon);    }    protected void lbImHereNowReturn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        pnlImHereNow.Visible = false;        pnlPlaces.Visible = true;    }    protected void lbBackToBeginning_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        pnlStart.Visible = true;        pnlImHereNow.Visible = false;    }    protected void lbWhereIveBeen_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        string UserName = Membership.GetUser().UserName;        pnlStart.Visible = false;        pnlIveBeenHere.Visible = true;        DataAccess da = new DataAccess();        lvWhereIveBeen.DataSource = da.UserATs(UserName, 0, 15);        lvWhereIveBeen.DataBind();    }    protected void lbIveBeenHereBack_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        pnlIveBeenHere.Visible = false;        pnlStart.Visible = true;    }     protected void lbPlaceIveBeen_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        LinkButton lb = (LinkButton)sender;        ListViewItem lvi = (ListViewItem)lb.Parent.Parent;        HiddenField hdATID = (HiddenField)lvi.FindControl("hdATID");        Int64 ATID = Convert.ToInt64(hdATID.Value);        DataAccess da = new DataAccess();        pnlIveBeenHere.Visible = false;        pnlPlaceIveBeen.Visible = true;        var plac = da.GetPlaceViaATID(ATID);        hdPlaceIveBeenPlaceId.Value = plac.PlaceId.ToString();        hdPlaceIveBeenLatitude.Value = plac.Latitude.ToString();        hdPlaceIveBeenLongitude.Value = plac.Longitude.ToString();        lblPlaceIveBeenName.Text = plac.Name;        lblPlaceIveBeenAddress.Text = plac.Address1;        lblPlaceIveBeenCity.Text = plac.City;        lblPlaceIveBeenState.Text = plac.Province.ProvinceName;        lblPlaceIveBeenZipCode.Text = plac.ZipCode;        lblPlaceIveBeenCountry.Text = plac.Country.Name;    }     protected void lbNotListed_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        SetupAddPoint();        pnlPlaces.Visible = false;    }     protected void lbAddAPlace_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        SetupAddPoint();    }     private void SetupAddPoint()    {        double lat = Convert.ToDouble(Latitude.Value);        double lon = Convert.ToDouble(Longitude.Value);        DataAccess da = new DataAccess();        var zip = da.WhereAmIAt(lat, lon);        if (zip.Count > 0)        {            var z0 = zip[0];            txtCity.Text = z0.City;            txtZipCode.Text = z0.ZipCode;            ddlProvince.ClearSelection();            if (z0.ProvinceId.HasValue == true)            {                foreach (ListItem li in ddlProvince.Items)                {                    if (li.Value == z0.ProvinceId.Value.ToString())                    {                        li.Selected = true;                        break;                    }                }            }        }        pnlAddPlace.Visible = true;        pnlStart.Visible = false;    }    protected void lbAddPlaceReturn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        pnlAddPlace.Visible = false;        pnlStart.Visible = true;        liPlaceAddMessage.Visible = false;        PlaceAddMessage.Text = String.Empty;    }    protected void lbPlaceIveBeenBack_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        pnlIveBeenHere.Visible = true;        pnlPlaceIveBeen.Visible = false;            }    protected void lbPlaceIveBeenBeginning_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        pnlPlaceIveBeen.Visible = false;        pnlStart.Visible = true;    }    protected string DisplayName(object val)    {        string strVal = Convert.ToString(val);         if (AppleIPhone.IsIPad())        {            ipd = iPhoneDevice.iPad;        }        if (AppleIPhone.IsIPhone())        {            ipd = iPhoneDevice.iPhone;        }        if (AppleIPhone.IsIPodTouch())        {            ipd = iPhoneDevice.iPodTouch;        }        return (iPhoneHelper.DisplayContentOnMenu(strVal, ipd));    }} iPhoneHelper.cs file: using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web; public enum iPhoneDevice{    iPhone, iPodTouch, iPad}/// <summary>/// Summary description for iPhoneHelper/// </summary>/// public class iPhoneHelper{ public iPhoneHelper() {  //  // TODO: Add constructor logic here  // } // This code is stupid in retrospect. Use css to solve this problem      public static string DisplayContentOnMenu(string val, iPhoneDevice ipd)    {        string Return = val;        string Elipsis = "...";        int iPadMaxLength = 30;        int iPhoneMaxLength = 15;        if (ipd == iPhoneDevice.iPad)        {            if (Return.Length > iPadMaxLength)            {                Return = Return.Substring(0, iPadMaxLength - Elipsis.Length) + Elipsis;            }        }        else        {            if (Return.Length > iPhoneMaxLength)            {                Return = Return.Substring(0, iPhoneMaxLength - Elipsis.Length) + Elipsis;            }        }        return (Return);    }}  Source code for the ViewStatePage: using System;using System.Data;using System.Data.SqlClient;using System.Configuration;using System.Web;using System.Web.Security;using System.Web.UI;using System.Web.UI.WebControls;using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls; /// <summary>/// Summary description for BasePage/// </summary>#region Base class for a page.public class ViewStatePage : System.Web.UI.Page{     PageStatePersisterToDatabase myPageStatePersister;        public ViewStatePage()        : base()    {        myPageStatePersister = new PageStatePersisterToDatabase(this);    }     protected override PageStatePersister PageStatePersister    {        get        {            return myPageStatePersister;        }    } }#endregion #region This class will override the page persistence to store page state in a database.public class PageStatePersisterToDatabase : PageStatePersister{    private string ViewStateKeyField = "__VIEWSTATE_KEY";    private string _exNoConnectionStringFound = "No Database Configuration information is in the web.config.";     public PageStatePersisterToDatabase(Page page)        : base(page)    {    }     public override void Load()    {         // Get the cache key from the web form data        System.Int64 key = Convert.ToInt64(Page.Request.Params[ViewStateKeyField]);         Pair state = this.LoadState(key);         // Abort if cache object is not of type Pair        if (state == null)            throw new ApplicationException("Missing valid " + ViewStateKeyField);         // Set view state and control state        ViewState = state.First;        ControlState = state.Second;    }     public override void Save()    {         // No processing needed if no states available        if (ViewState == null && ControlState != null)            return;         System.Int64 key;        IStateFormatter formatter = this.StateFormatter;        Pair statePair = new Pair(ViewState, ControlState);         // Serialize the statePair object to a string.        string serializedState = formatter.Serialize(statePair);         // Save the ViewState and get a unique identifier back.        key = SaveState(serializedState);         // Register hidden field to store cache key in        // Page.ClientScript does not work properly with Atlas.        //Page.ClientScript.RegisterHiddenField(ViewStateKeyField, key.ToString());        ScriptManager.RegisterHiddenField(this.Page, ViewStateKeyField, key.ToString());    }     private System.Int64 SaveState(string PageState)    {        System.Int64 i64Key = 0;        string strConn = String.Empty,            strProvider = String.Empty;         string strSql = "insert into tblPageState ( SerializedState ) values ( '" + SqlEscape(PageState) + "');select scope_identity();";        SqlConnection sqlCn;        SqlCommand sqlCm;        try        {            GetDBConnectionString(ref strConn, ref strProvider);            sqlCn = new SqlConnection(strConn);            sqlCm = new SqlCommand(strSql, sqlCn);            sqlCn.Open();            i64Key = Convert.ToInt64(sqlCm.ExecuteScalar());            if (sqlCn.State != ConnectionState.Closed)            {                sqlCn.Close();            }            sqlCn.Dispose();            sqlCm.Dispose();        }        finally        {            sqlCn = null;            sqlCm = null;        }        return i64Key;    }     private Pair LoadState(System.Int64 iKey)    {        string strConn = String.Empty,            strProvider = String.Empty,            SerializedState = String.Empty,            strMinutesInPast = GetMinutesInPastToDelete();        Pair PageState;        string strSql = "select SerializedState from tblPageState where tblPageStateID=" + iKey.ToString() + ";" +            "delete from tblPageState where DateUpdated<DateAdd(mi, " + strMinutesInPast + ", getdate());";        SqlConnection sqlCn;        SqlCommand sqlCm;        try        {            GetDBConnectionString(ref strConn, ref strProvider);            sqlCn = new SqlConnection(strConn);            sqlCm = new SqlCommand(strSql, sqlCn);             sqlCn.Open();            SerializedState = Convert.ToString(sqlCm.ExecuteScalar());            IStateFormatter formatter = this.StateFormatter;             if ((null == SerializedState) ||                (String.Empty == SerializedState))            {                throw (new ApplicationException("No ViewState records were returned."));            }             // Deserilize returns the Pair object that is serialized in            // the Save method.            PageState = (Pair)formatter.Deserialize(SerializedState);             if (sqlCn.State != ConnectionState.Closed)            {                sqlCn.Close();            }            sqlCn.Dispose();            sqlCm.Dispose();        }        finally        {            sqlCn = null;            sqlCm = null;        }        return PageState;    }     private string SqlEscape(string Val)    {        string ReturnVal = String.Empty;        if (null != Val)        {            ReturnVal = Val.Replace("'", "''");        }        return (ReturnVal);    }    private void GetDBConnectionString(ref string ConnectionStringValue, ref string ProviderNameValue)    {        if (System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings.Count > 0)        {            ConnectionStringValue = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ApplicationServices"].ConnectionString;            ProviderNameValue = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ApplicationServices"].ProviderName;        }        else        {            throw new ConfigurationErrorsException(_exNoConnectionStringFound);        }    }    private string GetMinutesInPastToDelete()    {        string strReturn = "-60";        if (null != System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MinutesInPastToDeletePageState"])        {            strReturn = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MinutesInPastToDeletePageState"].ToString();        }        return (strReturn);    }}#endregion AppleiPhone.cs file: using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web; /// <summary>/// Summary description for AppleIPhone/// </summary>public class AppleIPhone{ public AppleIPhone() {  //  // TODO: Add constructor logic here  // }     static public bool IsIPhoneOS()    {        return (IsIPad() || IsIPhone() || IsIPodTouch());    }     static public bool IsIPhone()    {        return IsTest("iPhone");    }     static public bool IsIPodTouch()    {        return IsTest("iPod");    }     static public bool IsIPad()    {        return IsTest("iPad");    }     static private bool IsTest(string Agent)    {        bool bl = false;        string ua = HttpContext.Current.Request.UserAgent.ToLower();        try        {            bl = ua.Contains(Agent.ToLower());        }        catch { }        return (bl);        }} Master page .cs: using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Web.UI;using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;using System.Web.UI.WebControls; public partial class MasterPages_iPhoneMaster : System.Web.UI.MasterPage{    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)    {            HtmlHead head = Page.Header;            HtmlMeta meta = new HtmlMeta();            if (AppleIPhone.IsIPad() == true)            {                meta.Content = "width=400,user-scalable=no";                head.Controls.Add(meta);             }            else            {                meta.Content = "width=device-width, user-scalable=no";                meta.Attributes.Add("name", "viewport");            }            meta.Attributes.Add("name", "viewport");            head.Controls.Add(meta);            HtmlLink cssLink = new HtmlLink();            HtmlGenericControl script = new HtmlGenericControl("script");            script.Attributes.Add("type", "text/javascript");            script.Attributes.Add("src", ResolveUrl("~/Scripts/iWebKit/javascript/functions.js"));            head.Controls.Add(script);            cssLink.Attributes.Add("rel", "stylesheet");            cssLink.Attributes.Add("href", ResolveUrl("~/Scripts/iWebKit/css/style.css") );            cssLink.Attributes.Add("type", "text/css");            head.Controls.Add(cssLink);            HtmlGenericControl jsLink = new HtmlGenericControl("script");            //jsLink.Attributes.Add("type", "text/javascript");            //jsLink.Attributes.Add("src", ResolveUrl("~/Scripts/jquery-1.4.1.min.js") );            //head.Controls.Add(jsLink);            HtmlLink appleIcon = new HtmlLink();            appleIcon.Attributes.Add("rel", "apple-touch-icon");            appleIcon.Attributes.Add("href", ResolveUrl("~/apple-touch-icon.png"));            HtmlMeta appleMobileWebAppStatusBarStyle = new HtmlMeta();            appleMobileWebAppStatusBarStyle.Attributes.Add("name", "apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style");            appleMobileWebAppStatusBarStyle.Attributes.Add("content", "black");            head.Controls.Add(appleMobileWebAppStatusBarStyle);    }     internal string FindPath(string Location)    {        string Url = Server.MapPath(Location);        return (Url);    }}

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  • ASP.NET MVC 3: Implicit and Explicit code nuggets with Razor

    - by ScottGu
    This is another in a series of posts I’m doing that cover some of the new ASP.NET MVC 3 features: New @model keyword in Razor (Oct 19th) Layouts with Razor (Oct 22nd) Server-Side Comments with Razor (Nov 12th) Razor’s @: and <text> syntax (Dec 15th) Implicit and Explicit code nuggets with Razor (today) In today’s post I’m going to discuss how Razor enables you to both implicitly and explicitly define code nuggets within your view templates, and walkthrough some code examples of each of them.  Fluid Coding with Razor ASP.NET MVC 3 ships with a new view-engine option called “Razor” (in addition to the existing .aspx view engine).  You can learn more about Razor, why we are introducing it, and the syntax it supports from my Introducing Razor blog post. Razor minimizes the number of characters and keystrokes required when writing a view template, and enables a fast, fluid coding workflow. Unlike most template syntaxes, you do not need to interrupt your coding to explicitly denote the start and end of server blocks within your HTML. The Razor parser is smart enough to infer this from your code. This enables a compact and expressive syntax which is clean, fast and fun to type. For example, the Razor snippet below can be used to iterate a collection of products and output a <ul> list of product names that link to their corresponding product pages: When run, the above code generates output like below: Notice above how we were able to embed two code nuggets within the content of the foreach loop.  One of them outputs the name of the Product, and the other embeds the ProductID within a hyperlink.  Notice that we didn’t have to explicitly wrap these code-nuggets - Razor was instead smart enough to implicitly identify where the code began and ended in both of these situations.  How Razor Enables Implicit Code Nuggets Razor does not define its own language.  Instead, the code you write within Razor code nuggets is standard C# or VB.  This allows you to re-use your existing language skills, and avoid having to learn a customized language grammar. The Razor parser has smarts built into it so that whenever possible you do not need to explicitly mark the end of C#/VB code nuggets you write.  This makes coding more fluid and productive, and enables a nice, clean, concise template syntax.  Below are a few scenarios that Razor supports where you can avoid having to explicitly mark the beginning/end of a code nugget, and instead have Razor implicitly identify the code nugget scope for you: Property Access Razor allows you to output a variable value, or a sub-property on a variable that is referenced via “dot” notation: You can also use “dot” notation to access sub-properties multiple levels deep: Array/Collection Indexing: Razor allows you to index into collections or arrays: Calling Methods: Razor also allows you to invoke methods: Notice how for all of the scenarios above how we did not have to explicitly end the code nugget.  Razor was able to implicitly identify the end of the code block for us. Razor’s Parsing Algorithm for Code Nuggets The below algorithm captures the core parsing logic we use to support “@” expressions within Razor, and to enable the implicit code nugget scenarios above: Parse an identifier - As soon as we see a character that isn't valid in a C# or VB identifier, we stop and move to step 2 Check for brackets - If we see "(" or "[", go to step 2.1., otherwise, go to step 3  Parse until the matching ")" or "]" (we track nested "()" and "[]" pairs and ignore "()[]" we see in strings or comments) Go back to step 2 Check for a "." - If we see one, go to step 3.1, otherwise, DO NOT ACCEPT THE "." as code, and go to step 4 If the character AFTER the "." is a valid identifier, accept the "." and go back to step 1, otherwise, go to step 4 Done! Differentiating between code and content Step 3.1 is a particularly interesting part of the above algorithm, and enables Razor to differentiate between scenarios where an identifier is being used as part of the code statement, and when it should instead be treated as static content: Notice how in the snippet above we have ? and ! characters at the end of our code nuggets.  These are both legal C# identifiers – but Razor is able to implicitly identify that they should be treated as static string content as opposed to being part of the code expression because there is whitespace after them.  This is pretty cool and saves us keystrokes. Explicit Code Nuggets in Razor Razor is smart enough to implicitly identify a lot of code nugget scenarios.  But there are still times when you want/need to be more explicit in how you scope the code nugget expression.  The @(expression) syntax allows you to do this: You can write any C#/VB code statement you want within the @() syntax.  Razor will treat the wrapping () characters as the explicit scope of the code nugget statement.  Below are a few scenarios where we could use the explicit code nugget feature: Perform Arithmetic Calculation/Modification: You can perform arithmetic calculations within an explicit code nugget: Appending Text to a Code Expression Result: You can use the explicit expression syntax to append static text at the end of a code nugget without having to worry about it being incorrectly parsed as code: Above we have embedded a code nugget within an <img> element’s src attribute.  It allows us to link to images with URLs like “/Images/Beverages.jpg”.  Without the explicit parenthesis, Razor would have looked for a “.jpg” property on the CategoryName (and raised an error).  By being explicit we can clearly denote where the code ends and the text begins. Using Generics and Lambdas Explicit expressions also allow us to use generic types and generic methods within code expressions – and enable us to avoid the <> characters in generics from being ambiguous with tag elements. One More Thing….Intellisense within Attributes We have used code nuggets within HTML attributes in several of the examples above.  One nice feature supported by the Razor code editor within Visual Studio is the ability to still get VB/C# intellisense when doing this. Below is an example of C# code intellisense when using an implicit code nugget within an <a> href=”” attribute: Below is an example of C# code intellisense when using an explicit code nugget embedded in the middle of a <img> src=”” attribute: Notice how we are getting full code intellisense for both scenarios – despite the fact that the code expression is embedded within an HTML attribute (something the existing .aspx code editor doesn’t support).  This makes writing code even easier, and ensures that you can take advantage of intellisense everywhere. Summary Razor enables a clean and concise templating syntax that enables a very fluid coding workflow.  Razor’s ability to implicitly scope code nuggets reduces the amount of typing you need to perform, and leaves you with really clean code. When necessary, you can also explicitly scope code expressions using a @(expression) syntax to provide greater clarity around your intent, as well as to disambiguate code statements from static markup. Hope this helps, Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu

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  • MvcExtensions – Bootstrapping

    - by kazimanzurrashid
    When you create a new ASP.NET MVC application you will find that the global.asax contains the following lines: namespace MvcApplication1 { // Note: For instructions on enabling IIS6 or IIS7 classic mode, // visit http://go.microsoft.com/?LinkId=9394801 public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication { public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); routes.MapRoute( "Default", // Route name "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // URL with parameters new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } // Parameter defaults ); } protected void Application_Start() { AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); } } } As the application grows, there are quite a lot of plumbing code gets into the global.asax which quickly becomes a design smell. Lets take a quick look at the code of one of the open source project that I recently visited: public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); routes.MapRoute("Default","{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "" }); } protected override void OnApplicationStarted() { Error += OnError; EndRequest += OnEndRequest; var settings = new SparkSettings() .AddNamespace("System") .AddNamespace("System.Collections.Generic") .AddNamespace("System.Web.Mvc") .AddNamespace("System.Web.Mvc.Html") .AddNamespace("MvcContrib.FluentHtml") .AddNamespace("********") .AddNamespace("********.Web") .SetPageBaseType("ApplicationViewPage") .SetAutomaticEncoding(true); #if DEBUG settings.SetDebug(true); #endif var viewFactory = new SparkViewFactory(settings); ViewEngines.Engines.Add(viewFactory); #if !DEBUG PrecompileViews(viewFactory); #endif RegisterAllControllersIn("********.Web"); log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator.Configure(); RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); Factory.Load(new Components.WebDependencies()); ModelBinders.Binders.DefaultBinder = new Binders.GenericBinderResolver(Factory.TryGet<IModelBinder>); ValidatorConfiguration.Initialize("********"); HtmlValidationExtensions.Initialize(ValidatorConfiguration.Rules); } private void OnEndRequest(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { if (((HttpApplication)sender).Context.Handler is MvcHandler) { CreateKernel().Get<ISessionSource>().Close(); } } private void OnError(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { CreateKernel().Get<ISessionSource>().Close(); } protected override IKernel CreateKernel() { return Factory.Kernel; } private static void PrecompileViews(SparkViewFactory viewFactory) { var batch = new SparkBatchDescriptor(); batch.For<HomeController>().For<ManageController>(); viewFactory.Precompile(batch); } As you can see there are quite a few of things going on in the above code, Registering the ViewEngine, Compiling the Views, Registering the Routes/Controllers/Model Binders, Settings up Logger, Validations and as you can imagine the more it becomes complex the more things will get added in the application start. One of the goal of the MVCExtensions is to reduce the above design smell. Instead of writing all the plumbing code in the application start, it contains BootstrapperTask to register individual services. Out of the box, it contains BootstrapperTask to register Controllers, Controller Factory, Action Invoker, Action Filters, Model Binders, Model Metadata/Validation Providers, ValueProvideraFactory, ViewEngines etc and it is intelligent enough to automatically detect the above types and register into the ASP.NET MVC Framework. Other than the built-in tasks you can create your own custom task which will be automatically executed when the application starts. When the BootstrapperTasks are in action you will find the global.asax pretty much clean like the following: public class MvcApplication : UnityMvcApplication { public void ErrorLog_Filtering(object sender, ExceptionFilterEventArgs e) { Check.Argument.IsNotNull(e, "e"); HttpException exception = e.Exception.GetBaseException() as HttpException; if ((exception != null) && (exception.GetHttpCode() == (int)HttpStatusCode.NotFound)) { e.Dismiss(); } } } The above code is taken from my another open source project Shrinkr, as you can see the global.asax is longer cluttered with any plumbing code. One special thing you have noticed that it is inherited from the UnityMvcApplication rather than regular HttpApplication. There are separate version of this class for each IoC Container like NinjectMvcApplication, StructureMapMvcApplication etc. Other than executing the built-in tasks, the Shrinkr also has few custom tasks which gets executed when the application starts. For example, when the application starts, we want to ensure that the default users (which is specified in the web.config) are created. The following is the custom task that is used to create those default users: public class CreateDefaultUsers : BootstrapperTask { protected override TaskContinuation ExecuteCore(IServiceLocator serviceLocator) { IUserRepository userRepository = serviceLocator.GetInstance<IUserRepository>(); IUnitOfWork unitOfWork = serviceLocator.GetInstance<IUnitOfWork>(); IEnumerable<User> users = serviceLocator.GetInstance<Settings>().DefaultUsers; bool shouldCommit = false; foreach (User user in users) { if (userRepository.GetByName(user.Name) == null) { user.AllowApiAccess(ApiSetting.InfiniteLimit); userRepository.Add(user); shouldCommit = true; } } if (shouldCommit) { unitOfWork.Commit(); } return TaskContinuation.Continue; } } There are several other Tasks in the Shrinkr that we are also using which you will find in that project. To create a custom bootstrapping task you have create a new class which either implements the IBootstrapperTask interface or inherits from the abstract BootstrapperTask class, I would recommend to start with the BootstrapperTask as it already has the required code that you have to write in case if you choose the IBootstrapperTask interface. As you can see in the above code we are overriding the ExecuteCore to create the default users, the MVCExtensions is responsible for populating the  ServiceLocator prior calling this method and in this method we are using the service locator to get the dependencies that are required to create the users (I will cover the custom dependencies registration in the next post). Once the users are created, we are returning a special enum, TaskContinuation as the return value, the TaskContinuation can have three values Continue (default), Skip and Break. The reason behind of having this enum is, in some  special cases you might want to skip the next task in the chain or break the complete chain depending upon the currently running task, in those cases you will use the other two values instead of the Continue. The last thing I want to cover in the bootstrapping task is the Order. By default all the built-in tasks as well as newly created task order is set to the DefaultOrder(a static property), in some special cases you might want to execute it before/after all the other tasks, in those cases you will assign the Order in the Task constructor. For Example, in Shrinkr, we want to run few background services when the all the tasks are executed, so we assigned the order as DefaultOrder + 1. Here is the code of that Task: public class ConfigureBackgroundServices : BootstrapperTask { private IEnumerable<IBackgroundService> backgroundServices; public ConfigureBackgroundServices() { Order = DefaultOrder + 1; } protected override TaskContinuation ExecuteCore(IServiceLocator serviceLocator) { backgroundServices = serviceLocator.GetAllInstances<IBackgroundService>().ToList(); backgroundServices.Each(service => service.Start()); return TaskContinuation.Continue; } protected override void DisposeCore() { backgroundServices.Each(service => service.Stop()); } } That’s it for today, in the next post I will cover the custom service registration, so stay tuned.

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  • Microsoft TypeScript : A Typed Superset of JavaScript

    - by shiju
    JavaScript is gradually becoming a ubiquitous programming language for the web, and the popularity of JavaScript is increasing day by day. Earlier, JavaScript was just a language for browser. But now, we can write JavaScript apps for browser, server and mobile. With the advent of Node.js, you can build scalable, high performance apps on the server with JavaScript. But many developers, especially developers who are working with static type languages, are hating the JavaScript language due to the lack of structuring and the maintainability problems of JavaScript. Microsoft TypeScript is trying to solve some problems of JavaScript when we are building scalable JavaScript apps. Microsoft TypeScript TypeScript is Microsoft's solution for writing scalable JavaScript programs with the help of Static Types, Interfaces, Modules and Classes along with greater tooling support. TypeScript is a typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript. This would be more productive for developers who are coming from static type languages. You can write scalable JavaScript  apps in TypeScript with more productive and more maintainable manner, and later you can compiles to plain JavaScript which will be run on any browser and any OS. TypeScript will work with browser based JavaScript apps and JavaScript apps that following CommonJS specification. You can use TypeScript for building HTML 5 apps, Node.JS apps, WinRT apps. TypeScript is providing better tooling support with Visual Studio, Sublime Text, Vi, Emacs. Microsoft has open sourced its TypeScript languages on CodePlex at http://typescript.codeplex.com/    Install TypeScript You can install TypeScript compiler as a Node.js package via the NPM or you can install as a Visual Studio 2012 plug-in which will enable you better tooling support within the Visual Studio IDE. Since TypeScript is distributed as a Node.JS package, and it can be installed on other OS such as Linux and MacOS. The following command will install TypeScript compiler via an npm package for node.js npm install –g typescript TypeScript provides a Visual Studio 2012 plug-in as MSI file which will install TypeScript and also provides great tooling support within the Visual Studio, that lets the developers to write TypeScript apps with greater productivity and better maintainability. You can download the Visual Studio plug-in from here Building JavaScript  apps with TypeScript You can write typed version of JavaScript programs with TypeScript and then compiles it to plain JavaScript code. The beauty of the TypeScript is that it is already JavaScript and normal JavaScript programs are valid TypeScript programs, which means that you can write normal  JavaScript code and can use typed version of JavaScript whenever you want. TypeScript files are using extension .ts and this will be compiled using a compiler named tsc. The following is a sample program written in  TypeScript greeter.ts 1: class Greeter { 2: greeting: string; 3: constructor (message: string) { 4: this.greeting = message; 5: } 6: greet() { 7: return "Hello, " + this.greeting; 8: } 9: } 10:   11: var greeter = new Greeter("world"); 12:   13: var button = document.createElement('button') 14: button.innerText = "Say Hello" 15: button.onclick = function() { 16: alert(greeter.greet()) 17: } 18:   19: document.body.appendChild(button) .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } The above program is compiling with the TypeScript compiler as shown in the below picture The TypeScript compiler will generate a JavaScript file after compiling the TypeScript program. If your TypeScript programs having any reference to other TypeScript files, it will automatically generate JavaScript files for the each referenced files. The following code block shows the compiled version of plain JavaScript  for the above greeter.ts greeter.js 1: var Greeter = (function () { 2: function Greeter(message) { 3: this.greeting = message; 4: } 5: Greeter.prototype.greet = function () { 6: return "Hello, " + this.greeting; 7: }; 8: return Greeter; 9: })(); 10: var greeter = new Greeter("world"); 11: var button = document.createElement('button'); 12: button.innerText = "Say Hello"; 13: button.onclick = function () { 14: alert(greeter.greet()); 15: }; 16: document.body.appendChild(button); .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Tooling Support with Visual Studio TypeScript is providing a plug-in for Visual Studio which will provide an excellent support for writing TypeScript  programs within the Visual Studio. The following screen shot shows the Visual Studio template for TypeScript apps   The following are the few screen shots of Visual Studio IDE for TypeScript apps. Summary TypeScript is Microsoft's solution for writing scalable JavaScript apps which will solve lot of problems involved in larger JavaScript apps. I hope that this solution will attract lot of developers who are really looking for writing maintainable structured code in JavaScript, without losing any productivity. TypeScript lets developers to write JavaScript apps with the help of Static Types, Interfaces, Modules and Classes and also providing better productivity. I am a passionate developer on Node.JS and would definitely try to use TypeScript for building Node.JS apps on the Windows Azure cloud. I am really excited about to writing Node.JS apps by using TypeScript, from my favorite development IDE Visual Studio. You can follow me on twitter at @shijucv

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  • Solaris 10 branded zone VM Templates for Solaris 11 on OTN

    - by jsavit
    Early this year I wrote the article Ours Goes To 11 which describes the ability to import Solaris 10 systems into a "Solaris 10 branded zone" under Oracle Solaris 11. I did this using Solaris 11 Express, and the capability remains in Solaris 11 with only slight changes. This important tool lets you painlessly inhaling a Solaris Container from Solaris 10 or entire Solaris 10 systems ("the global zone") into virtualized environments on a Solaris 11 OS. Just recently, Oracle provided Oracle VM Templates for Oracle Solaris 10 Zones to let you create Solaris 10 branded zones for Solaris 11 even if you don't currently have access to install media or a running Solaris 10 system. To use this, just download the Oracle VM Template for Oracle Solaris Zone 10 from OTN at http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solaris11/downloads/virtual-machines-1355605.html. This page contains images of Oracle Solaris 10 8/11 (the recent update to Solaris 10) in SPARC and x86 formats suitable for creating branded zones. The same page also has a VirtualBox image you can download for a complete Solaris 10 install in a guest virtual machine you can run on any host OS that supports VirtualBox. Both sets of downloads provide a quick - and extremely easy - way to set up a virtual Solaris 10 environment. In the case of the Oracle VM Templates, they illustrate several advanced features of Solaris 11. To start, just go to the above link, download the template for the hardware platform (SPARC or x86) you want, and download the README file also linked from that page. Install prerequisites The README file tells you to install the prerequisite Solaris 11 package that implements the Solaris 10 brand. Then you can install instances of zones with that brand. # pkg install pkg:/system/zones/brand/brand-solaris10 Packages to install: 1 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: Yes DOWNLOAD PKGS FILES XFER (MB) Completed 1/1 44/44 0.4/0.4 PHASE ACTIONS Install Phase 74/74 PHASE ITEMS Package State Update Phase 1/1 Image State Update Phase 2/2 That took only a few minutes, and didn't require a reboot. Install the Solaris 10 zone Now it's time to run the downloaded template file. First make it executable via the chmod command, of course. I found that (unlike stated in the README) there was no need to rename the downloaded file to remove the .bin. When you run it you provide several parameters to describe the zone configuration: -a IP address - the IP address and optional netmask for the zone. This is the only mandatory parameter. -z zonename - the name of the zone you would like to create. -i interface - the package will create an exclusive-IP zone using a virtual NIC (vnic) based on this physical interface. In my case, I have a NIC called rge0. -p PATH - specifies the path in which you want the zoneroot to be placed. In my case, I have a ZFS dataset mounted at /zones, and this will create a zoneroot at /zones/s10u10. Kicking it off, you will see a copyright message, and then messages showing progress building the zone, which only takes a few minutes. # ./solaris-10u10-x86.bin -p /zones -a 192.168.1.100 -i rge0 -z s10u10 ... ... Checking disk-space for extraction Ok Extracting in /export/home/CDimages/s10zone/bootimage.ihaqvh ... 100% [===============================] Checking data integrity Ok Checking platform compatibility The host and the image do not have the same Solaris release: host Solaris release: 5.11 image Solaris release: 5.10 Will create a Solaris 10 branded zone. Warning: could not find a defaultrouter Zone won't have any defaultrouter configured IMAGE: ./solaris-10u10-x86.bin ZONE: s10u10 ZONEPATH: /zones/s10u10 INTERFACE: rge0 VNIC: vnicZBI13379 MAC ADDR: 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc IP ADDR: 192.168.1.100 NETMASK: 255.255.255.0 DEFROUTER: NONE TIMEZONE: US/Arizona Checking disk-space for installation Ok Installing in /zones/s10u10 ... 100% [===============================] Using a static exclusive-IP Attaching s10u10 Booting s10u10 Waiting for boot to complete booting... booting... booting... Zone s10u10 booted The zone's root password has been set using the root password of the local host. You can change the zone's root password to further harden the security of the zone: being root, log into the zone from the local host with the command 'zlogin s10u10'. Once logged in, change the root password with the command 'passwd'. The nifty part in my opinion (besides being so easy), is that the zone was created as an exclusive-IP zone on a virtual NIC. This network configuration lets you enforce traffic isolation from other zones, enforce network Quality of Service, and even let the zone set its own characteristics like IP address and packet size. Independence of the zone's network characteristics from the global zone is one of the enhancements in Solaris 10 that make it easier to consolidate zones while preserving their autonomy, yet provide control in a consolidated environment. Let's see what the virtual network environment looks like by issuing commands from the Solaris 11 global zone. First I'll use Old School ifconfig, and then I'll use the new ipadm and dladm commands. # ifconfig -a4 lo0: flags=2001000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,VIRTUAL> mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 rge0: flags=1004943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 1500 index 2 inet 192.168.1.3 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255 ether 0:14:d1:18:ac:bc vboxnet0: flags=201000843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,CoS> mtu 1500 index 3 inet 192.168.56.1 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.56.255 ether 8:0:27:f8:62:1c # dladm show-phys LINK MEDIA STATE SPEED DUPLEX DEVICE yge0 Ethernet unknown 0 unknown yge0 yge1 Ethernet unknown 0 unknown yge1 rge0 Ethernet up 1000 full rge0 vboxnet0 Ethernet up 1000 full vboxnet0 # dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU STATE OVER yge0 phys 1500 unknown -- yge1 phys 1500 unknown -- rge0 phys 1500 up -- vboxnet0 phys 1500 up -- vnicZBI13379 vnic 1500 up rge0 s10u10/vnicZBI13379 vnic 1500 up rge0 s10u10/net0 vnic 1500 up rge0 # dladm show-vnic LINK OVER SPEED MACADDRESS MACADDRTYPE VID vnicZBI13379 rge0 1000 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc random 0 s10u10/vnicZBI13379 rge0 1000 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc random 0 s10u10/net0 rge0 1000 2:8:20:9d:d0:79 random 0 # ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE ADDR lo0/v4 static ok 127.0.0.1/8 rge0/_a dhcp ok 192.168.1.3/24 vboxnet0/_a static ok 192.168.56.1/24 lo0/v6 static ok ::1/128 Log into the zone The install step already booted the zone, so lets log into it. Notice how you have to be appropriately privileged to log into a zone. This is my home system so I'm being a bit cavalier, but in a production environment you can give granular control of who can login to which zones. Voila! a Solaris 10 environment under a Solaris 11 kernel. Notice the output from the uname -a and ifconfig commands, and output from a ping to a nearby host. $ zlogin s10u10 zlogin: You lack sufficient privilege to run this command (all privs required) savit@home:~$ sudo zlogin s10u10 Password: [Connected to zone 's10u10' pts/5] Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.10 Generic Patch January 2005 # uname -a SunOS s10u10 5.10 Generic_Virtual i86pc i386 i86pc # ifconfig -a4 lo0: flags=2001000849 mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 vnicZBI13379: flags=1000843 mtu 1500 index 2 inet 192.168.1.100 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255 ether 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc # bash bash-3.2# ifconfig -a lo0: flags=2001000849 mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 vnicZBI13379: flags=1000843 mtu 1500 index 2 inet 192.168.1.100 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255 ether 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc bash-3.2# ping 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.2 is alive For fun, I configured Apache (setting its configuration file in /etc/apache2) and brought it up. Easy - took just a few minutes. bash-3.2# svcs apache2 STATE STIME FMRI disabled 12:38:46 svc:/network/http:apache2 bash-3.2# svcadm enable apache2 Summary In just a few minutes, I built a functioning virtual Solaris 10 environment under by Solaris 11 system. It was... easy! While I can still do it the manual way (creating and using a system archive), this is a low-effort way to create a Solaris 10 zone on Solaris 11.

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  • Dynamic Types and DynamicObject References in C#

    - by Rick Strahl
    I've been working a bit with C# custom dynamic types for several customers recently and I've seen some confusion in understanding how dynamic types are referenced. This discussion specifically centers around types that implement IDynamicMetaObjectProvider or subclass from DynamicObject as opposed to arbitrary type casts of standard .NET types. IDynamicMetaObjectProvider types  are treated special when they are cast to the dynamic type. Assume for a second that I've created my own implementation of a custom dynamic type called DynamicFoo which is about as simple of a dynamic class that I can think of:public class DynamicFoo : DynamicObject { Dictionary<string, object> properties = new Dictionary<string, object>(); public string Bar { get; set; } public DateTime Entered { get; set; } public override bool TryGetMember(GetMemberBinder binder, out object result) { result = null; if (!properties.ContainsKey(binder.Name)) return false; result = properties[binder.Name]; return true; } public override bool TrySetMember(SetMemberBinder binder, object value) { properties[binder.Name] = value; return true; } } This class has an internal dictionary member and I'm exposing this dictionary member through a dynamic by implementing DynamicObject. This implementation exposes the properties dictionary so the dictionary keys can be referenced like properties (foo.NewProperty = "Cool!"). I override TryGetMember() and TrySetMember() which are fired at runtime every time you access a 'property' on a dynamic instance of this DynamicFoo type. Strong Typing and Dynamic Casting I now can instantiate and use DynamicFoo in a couple of different ways: Strong TypingDynamicFoo fooExplicit = new DynamicFoo(); var fooVar = new DynamicFoo(); These two commands are essentially identical and use strong typing. The compiler generates identical code for both of them. The var statement is merely a compiler directive to infer the type of fooVar at compile time and so the type of fooExplicit is DynamicFoo, just like fooExplicit. This is very static - nothing dynamic about it - and it completely ignores the IDynamicMetaObjectProvider implementation of my class above as it's never used. Using either of these I can access the native properties:DynamicFoo fooExplicit = new DynamicFoo();// static typing assignmentsfooVar.Bar = "Barred!"; fooExplicit.Entered = DateTime.Now; // echo back static values Console.WriteLine(fooVar.Bar); Console.WriteLine(fooExplicit.Entered); but I have no access whatsoever to the properties dictionary. Basically this creates a strongly typed instance of the type with access only to the strongly typed interface. You get no dynamic behavior at all. The IDynamicMetaObjectProvider features don't kick in until you cast the type to dynamic. If I try to access a non-existing property on fooExplicit I get a compilation error that tells me that the property doesn't exist. Again, it's clearly and utterly non-dynamic. Dynamicdynamic fooDynamic = new DynamicFoo(); fooDynamic on the other hand is created as a dynamic type and it's a completely different beast. I can also create a dynamic by simply casting any type to dynamic like this:DynamicFoo fooExplicit = new DynamicFoo(); dynamic fooDynamic = fooExplicit; Note that dynamic typically doesn't require an explicit cast as the compiler automatically performs the cast so there's no need to use as dynamic. Dynamic functionality works at runtime and allows for the dynamic wrapper to look up and call members dynamically. A dynamic type will look for members to access or call in two places: Using the strongly typed members of the object Using theIDynamicMetaObjectProvider Interface methods to access members So rather than statically linking and calling a method or retrieving a property, the dynamic type looks up - at runtime  - where the value actually comes from. It's essentially late-binding which allows runtime determination what action to take when a member is accessed at runtime *if* the member you are accessing does not exist on the object. Class members are checked first before IDynamicMetaObjectProvider interface methods are kick in. All of the following works with the dynamic type:dynamic fooDynamic = new DynamicFoo(); // dynamic typing assignments fooDynamic.NewProperty = "Something new!"; fooDynamic.LastAccess = DateTime.Now; // dynamic assigning static properties fooDynamic.Bar = "dynamic barred"; fooDynamic.Entered = DateTime.Now; // echo back dynamic values Console.WriteLine(fooDynamic.NewProperty); Console.WriteLine(fooDynamic.LastAccess); Console.WriteLine(fooDynamic.Bar); Console.WriteLine(fooDynamic.Entered); The dynamic type can access the native class properties (Bar and Entered) and create and read new ones (NewProperty,LastAccess) all using a single type instance which is pretty cool. As you can see it's pretty easy to create an extensible type this way that can dynamically add members at runtime dynamically. The Alter Ego of IDynamicObject The key point here is that all three statements - explicit, var and dynamic - declare a new DynamicFoo(), but the dynamic declaration results in completely different behavior than the first two simply because the type has been cast to dynamic. Dynamic binding means that the type loses its typical strong typing, compile time features. You can see this easily in the Visual Studio code editor. As soon as you assign a value to a dynamic you lose Intellisense and you see which means there's no Intellisense and no compiler type checking on any members you apply to this instance. If you're new to the dynamic type it might seem really confusing that a single type can behave differently depending on how it is cast, but that's exactly what happens when you use a type that implements IDynamicMetaObjectProvider. Declare the type as its strong type name and you only get to access the native instance members of the type. Declare or cast it to dynamic and you get dynamic behavior which accesses native members plus it uses IDynamicMetaObjectProvider implementation to handle any missing member definitions by running custom code. You can easily cast objects back and forth between dynamic and the original type:dynamic fooDynamic = new DynamicFoo(); fooDynamic.NewProperty = "New Property Value"; DynamicFoo foo = fooDynamic; foo.Bar = "Barred"; Here the code starts out with a dynamic cast and a dynamic assignment. The code then casts back the value to the DynamicFoo. Notice that when casting from dynamic to DynamicFoo and back we typically do not have to specify the cast explicitly - the compiler can induce the type so I don't need to specify as dynamic or as DynamicFoo. Moral of the Story This easy interchange between dynamic and the underlying type is actually super useful, because it allows you to create extensible objects that can expose non-member data stores and expose them as an object interface. You can create an object that hosts a number of strongly typed properties and then cast the object to dynamic and add additional dynamic properties to the same type at runtime. You can easily switch back and forth between the strongly typed instance to access the well-known strongly typed properties and to dynamic for the dynamic properties added at runtime. Keep in mind that dynamic object access has quite a bit of overhead and is definitely slower than strongly typed binding, so if you're accessing the strongly typed parts of your objects you definitely want to use a strongly typed reference. Reserve dynamic for the dynamic members to optimize your code. The real beauty of dynamic is that with very little effort you can build expandable objects or objects that expose different data stores to an object interface. I'll have more on this in my next post when I create a customized and extensible Expando object based on DynamicObject.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in CSharp  .NET   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • Maintaining shared service in ASP.NET MVC Application

    - by kazimanzurrashid
    Depending on the application sometimes we have to maintain some shared service throughout our application. Let’s say you are developing a multi-blog supported blog engine where both the controller and view must know the currently visiting blog, it’s setting , user information and url generation service. In this post, I will show you how you can handle this kind of case in most convenient way. First, let see the most basic way, we can create our PostController in the following way: public class PostController : Controller { public PostController(dependencies...) { } public ActionResult Index(string blogName, int? page) { BlogInfo blog = blogSerivce.FindByName(blogName); if (blog == null) { return new NotFoundResult(); } IEnumerable<PostInfo> posts = postService.FindPublished(blog.Id, PagingCalculator.StartIndex(page, blog.PostPerPage), blog.PostPerPage); int count = postService.GetPublishedCount(blog.Id); UserInfo user = null; if (HttpContext.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated) { user = userService.FindByName(HttpContext.User.Identity.Name); } return View(new IndexViewModel(urlResolver, user, blog, posts, count, page)); } public ActionResult Archive(string blogName, int? page, ArchiveDate archiveDate) { BlogInfo blog = blogSerivce.FindByName(blogName); if (blog == null) { return new NotFoundResult(); } IEnumerable<PostInfo> posts = postService.FindArchived(blog.Id, archiveDate, PagingCalculator.StartIndex(page, blog.PostPerPage), blog.PostPerPage); int count = postService.GetArchivedCount(blog.Id, archiveDate); UserInfo user = null; if (HttpContext.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated) { user = userService.FindByName(HttpContext.User.Identity.Name); } return View(new ArchiveViewModel(urlResolver, user, blog, posts, count, page, achiveDate)); } public ActionResult Tag(string blogName, string tagSlug, int? page) { BlogInfo blog = blogSerivce.FindByName(blogName); if (blog == null) { return new NotFoundResult(); } TagInfo tag = tagService.FindBySlug(blog.Id, tagSlug); if (tag == null) { return new NotFoundResult(); } IEnumerable<PostInfo> posts = postService.FindPublishedByTag(blog.Id, tag.Id, PagingCalculator.StartIndex(page, blog.PostPerPage), blog.PostPerPage); int count = postService.GetPublishedCountByTag(tag.Id); UserInfo user = null; if (HttpContext.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated) { user = userService.FindByName(HttpContext.User.Identity.Name); } return View(new TagViewModel(urlResolver, user, blog, posts, count, page, tag)); } } As you can see the above code heavily depends upon the current blog and the blog retrieval code is duplicated in all of the action methods, once the blog is retrieved the same blog is passed in the view model. Other than the blog the view also needs the current user and url resolver to render it properly. One way to remove the duplicate blog retrieval code is to create a custom model binder which converts the blog from a blog name and use the blog a parameter in the action methods instead of the string blog name, but it only helps the first half in the above scenario, the action methods still have to pass the blog, user and url resolver etc in the view model. Now lets try to improve the the above code, first lets create a new class which would contain the shared services, lets name it as BlogContext: public class BlogContext { public BlogInfo Blog { get; set; } public UserInfo User { get; set; } public IUrlResolver UrlResolver { get; set; } } Next, we will create an interface, IContextAwareService: public interface IContextAwareService { BlogContext Context { get; set; } } The idea is, whoever needs these shared services needs to implement this interface, in our case both the controller and the view model, now we will create an action filter which will be responsible for populating the context: public class PopulateBlogContextAttribute : FilterAttribute, IActionFilter { private static string blogNameRouteParameter = "blogName"; private readonly IBlogService blogService; private readonly IUserService userService; private readonly BlogContext context; public PopulateBlogContextAttribute(IBlogService blogService, IUserService userService, IUrlResolver urlResolver) { Invariant.IsNotNull(blogService, "blogService"); Invariant.IsNotNull(userService, "userService"); Invariant.IsNotNull(urlResolver, "urlResolver"); this.blogService = blogService; this.userService = userService; context = new BlogContext { UrlResolver = urlResolver }; } public static string BlogNameRouteParameter { [DebuggerStepThrough] get { return blogNameRouteParameter; } [DebuggerStepThrough] set { blogNameRouteParameter = value; } } public void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext) { string blogName = (string) filterContext.Controller.ValueProvider.GetValue(BlogNameRouteParameter).ConvertTo(typeof(string), Culture.Current); if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(blogName)) { context.Blog = blogService.FindByName(blogName); } if (context.Blog == null) { filterContext.Result = new NotFoundResult(); return; } if (filterContext.HttpContext.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated) { context.User = userService.FindByName(filterContext.HttpContext.User.Identity.Name); } IContextAwareService controller = filterContext.Controller as IContextAwareService; if (controller != null) { controller.Context = context; } } public void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext filterContext) { Invariant.IsNotNull(filterContext, "filterContext"); if ((filterContext.Exception == null) || filterContext.ExceptionHandled) { IContextAwareService model = filterContext.Controller.ViewData.Model as IContextAwareService; if (model != null) { model.Context = context; } } } } As you can see we are populating the context in the OnActionExecuting, which executes just before the controllers action methods executes, so by the time our action methods executes the context is already populated, next we are are assigning the same context in the view model in OnActionExecuted method which executes just after we set the  model and return the view in our action methods. Now, lets change the view models so that it implements this interface: public class IndexViewModel : IContextAwareService { // More Codes } public class ArchiveViewModel : IContextAwareService { // More Codes } public class TagViewModel : IContextAwareService { // More Codes } and the controller: public class PostController : Controller, IContextAwareService { public PostController(dependencies...) { } public BlogContext Context { get; set; } public ActionResult Index(int? page) { IEnumerable<PostInfo> posts = postService.FindPublished(Context.Blog.Id, PagingCalculator.StartIndex(page, Context.Blog.PostPerPage), Context.Blog.PostPerPage); int count = postService.GetPublishedCount(Context.Blog.Id); return View(new IndexViewModel(posts, count, page)); } public ActionResult Archive(int? page, ArchiveDate archiveDate) { IEnumerable<PostInfo> posts = postService.FindArchived(Context.Blog.Id, archiveDate, PagingCalculator.StartIndex(page, Context.Blog.PostPerPage), Context.Blog.PostPerPage); int count = postService.GetArchivedCount(Context.Blog.Id, archiveDate); return View(new ArchiveViewModel(posts, count, page, achiveDate)); } public ActionResult Tag(string blogName, string tagSlug, int? page) { TagInfo tag = tagService.FindBySlug(Context.Blog.Id, tagSlug); if (tag == null) { return new NotFoundResult(); } IEnumerable<PostInfo> posts = postService.FindPublishedByTag(Context.Blog.Id, tag.Id, PagingCalculator.StartIndex(page, Context.Blog.PostPerPage), Context.Blog.PostPerPage); int count = postService.GetPublishedCountByTag(tag.Id); return View(new TagViewModel(posts, count, page, tag)); } } Now, the last thing where we have to glue everything, I will be using the AspNetMvcExtensibility to register the action filter (as there is no better way to inject the dependencies in action filters). public class RegisterFilters : RegisterFiltersBase { private static readonly Type controllerType = typeof(Controller); private static readonly Type contextAwareType = typeof(IContextAwareService); protected override void Register(IFilterRegistry registry) { TypeCatalog controllers = new TypeCatalogBuilder() .Add(GetType().Assembly) .Include(type => controllerType.IsAssignableFrom(type) && contextAwareType.IsAssignableFrom(type)); registry.Register<PopulateBlogContextAttribute>(controllers); } } Thoughts and Comments?

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  • Error in running script [closed]

    - by SWEngineer
    I'm trying to run heathusf_v1.1.0.tar.gz found here I installed tcsh to make build_heathusf work. But, when I run ./build_heathusf, I get the following (I'm running that on a Fedora Linux system from Terminal): $ ./build_heathusf Compiling programs to build a library of image processing functions. convexpolyscan.c: In function ‘cdelete’: convexpolyscan.c:346:5: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘bcopy’ [enabled by default] myalloc.c: In function ‘mycalloc’: myalloc.c:68:16: error: invalid storage class for function ‘store_link’ myalloc.c: In function ‘mymalloc’: myalloc.c:101:16: error: invalid storage class for function ‘store_link’ myalloc.c: In function ‘myfree’: myalloc.c:129:27: error: invalid storage class for function ‘find_link’ myalloc.c:131:12: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast [enabled by default] myalloc.c: At top level: myalloc.c:150:13: warning: conflicting types for ‘store_link’ [enabled by default] myalloc.c:150:13: error: static declaration of ‘store_link’ follows non-static declaration myalloc.c:91:4: note: previous implicit declaration of ‘store_link’ was here myalloc.c:164:24: error: conflicting types for ‘find_link’ myalloc.c:131:14: note: previous implicit declaration of ‘find_link’ was here Building the mammogram resizing program. gcc -O2 -I. -I../common mkimage.o -o mkimage -L../common -lmammo -lm ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate': aggregate.c:(.text+0x7fa): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0x81c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0x868): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate_median': aggregate.c:(.text+0xbc5): undefined reference to `mymalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0xbfb): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0xc3c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate': aggregate.c:(.text+0x9b5): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate_median': aggregate.c:(.text+0xd85): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `linear_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x29e): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x342): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x383): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `log10_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x693): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x74f): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x790): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `map_with_ushort_lut': optical_density.c:(.text+0xb2e): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0xb87): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0xbc6): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `linear_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x4d9): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `log10_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x8f1): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `map_with_ushort_lut': optical_density.c:(.text+0xd0d): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o): In function `deallocate_cached_image': virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3dc6): undefined reference to `myfree' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3dd7): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o):virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3de5): more undefined references to `myfree' follow ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o): In function `allocate_cached_image': virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4233): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4253): undefined reference to `mymalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4275): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x42e7): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x44f9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x47a9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4a45): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4af4): undefined reference to `myfree' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [mkimage] Error 1 Building the breast segmentation program. gcc -O2 -I. -I../common breastsegment.o segment.o -o breastsegment -L../common -lmammo -lm breastsegment.o: In function `render_segmentation_sketch': breastsegment.c:(.text+0x43): undefined reference to `mycalloc' breastsegment.c:(.text+0x58): undefined reference to `mycalloc' breastsegment.c:(.text+0x12f): undefined reference to `mycalloc' breastsegment.c:(.text+0x1b9): undefined reference to `myfree' breastsegment.c:(.text+0x1c6): undefined reference to `myfree' breastsegment.c:(.text+0x1e1): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.o: In function `find_center': segment.c:(.text+0x53): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x71): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x387): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.o: In function `bordercode': segment.c:(.text+0x4ac): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x546): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x651): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x691): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.o: In function `estimate_tissue_image': segment.c:(.text+0x10d4): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x14da): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x1698): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x1834): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x1850): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.o:segment.c:(.text+0x186a): more undefined references to `mycalloc' follow segment.o: In function `estimate_tissue_image': segment.c:(.text+0x1bbc): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.c:(.text+0x1c4a): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x1c7c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.c:(.text+0x1d8e): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.c:(.text+0x1d9b): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.c:(.text+0x1da8): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.c:(.text+0x1dba): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.c:(.text+0x1dc9): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.o:segment.c:(.text+0x1dd8): more undefined references to `myfree' follow segment.o: In function `estimate_tissue_image': segment.c:(.text+0x20bf): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.o: In function `segment_breast': segment.c:(.text+0x24cd): undefined reference to `mycalloc' segment.o: In function `find_center': segment.c:(.text+0x3a4): undefined reference to `myfree' segment.o: In function `bordercode': segment.c:(.text+0x6ac): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate': aggregate.c:(.text+0x7fa): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0x81c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0x868): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate_median': aggregate.c:(.text+0xbc5): undefined reference to `mymalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0xbfb): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0xc3c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate': aggregate.c:(.text+0x9b5): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate_median': aggregate.c:(.text+0xd85): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(cc_label.o): In function `cc_label': cc_label.c:(.text+0x20c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' cc_label.c:(.text+0x6c2): undefined reference to `mycalloc' cc_label.c:(.text+0xbaa): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(cc_label.o): In function `cc_label_0bkgd': cc_label.c:(.text+0xe17): undefined reference to `mycalloc' cc_label.c:(.text+0x12d7): undefined reference to `mycalloc' cc_label.c:(.text+0x17e7): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(cc_label.o): In function `cc_relabel_by_intensity': cc_label.c:(.text+0x18c5): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(cc_label.o): In function `cc_label_4connect': cc_label.c:(.text+0x1cf0): undefined reference to `mycalloc' cc_label.c:(.text+0x2195): undefined reference to `mycalloc' cc_label.c:(.text+0x26a4): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(cc_label.o): In function `cc_relabel_by_intensity': cc_label.c:(.text+0x1b06): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(convexpolyscan.o): In function `polyscan_coords': convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x6f0): undefined reference to `mycalloc' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x75f): undefined reference to `mycalloc' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x7ab): undefined reference to `myfree' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x7b8): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(convexpolyscan.o): In function `polyscan_poly_cacheim': convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x805): undefined reference to `mycalloc' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x894): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(mikesfileio.o): In function `read_segmentation_file': mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x1e9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x205): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `linear_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x29e): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x342): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x383): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `log10_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x693): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x74f): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x790): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `map_with_ushort_lut': optical_density.c:(.text+0xb2e): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0xb87): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0xbc6): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `linear_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x4d9): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `log10_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x8f1): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `map_with_ushort_lut': optical_density.c:(.text+0xd0d): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o): In function `deallocate_cached_image': virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3dc6): undefined reference to `myfree' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3dd7): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o):virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3de5): more undefined references to `myfree' follow ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o): In function `allocate_cached_image': virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4233): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4253): undefined reference to `mymalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4275): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x42e7): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x44f9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x47a9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4a45): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4af4): undefined reference to `myfree' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [breastsegment] Error 1 Building the mass feature generation program. gcc -O2 -I. -I../common afumfeature.o -o afumfeature -L../common -lmammo -lm afumfeature.o: In function `afum_process': afumfeature.c:(.text+0xd80): undefined reference to `mycalloc' afumfeature.c:(.text+0xd9c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' afumfeature.c:(.text+0xe80): undefined reference to `mycalloc' afumfeature.c:(.text+0x11f8): undefined reference to `myfree' afumfeature.c:(.text+0x1207): undefined reference to `myfree' afumfeature.c:(.text+0x1214): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate': aggregate.c:(.text+0x7fa): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0x81c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0x868): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate_median': aggregate.c:(.text+0xbc5): undefined reference to `mymalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0xbfb): undefined reference to `mycalloc' aggregate.c:(.text+0xc3c): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate': aggregate.c:(.text+0x9b5): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(aggregate.o): In function `aggregate_median': aggregate.c:(.text+0xd85): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(convexpolyscan.o): In function `polyscan_coords': convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x6f0): undefined reference to `mycalloc' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x75f): undefined reference to `mycalloc' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x7ab): undefined reference to `myfree' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x7b8): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(convexpolyscan.o): In function `polyscan_poly_cacheim': convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x805): undefined reference to `mycalloc' convexpolyscan.c:(.text+0x894): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(mikesfileio.o): In function `read_segmentation_file': mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x1e9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x205): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `linear_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x29e): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x342): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x383): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `log10_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x693): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x74f): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0x790): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `map_with_ushort_lut': optical_density.c:(.text+0xb2e): undefined reference to `mymalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0xb87): undefined reference to `mycalloc' optical_density.c:(.text+0xbc6): undefined reference to `mycalloc' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `linear_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x4d9): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `log10_optical_density': optical_density.c:(.text+0x8f1): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(optical_density.o): In function `map_with_ushort_lut': optical_density.c:(.text+0xd0d): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o): In function `deallocate_cached_image': virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3dc6): undefined reference to `myfree' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3dd7): undefined reference to `myfree' ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o):virtual_image.c:(.text+0x3de5): more undefined references to `myfree' follow ../common/libmammo.a(virtual_image.o): In function `allocate_cached_image': virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4233): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4253): undefined reference to `mymalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4275): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x42e7): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x44f9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x47a9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4a45): undefined reference to `mycalloc' virtual_image.c:(.text+0x4af4): undefined reference to `myfree' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [afumfeature] Error 1 Building the mass detection program. make: Nothing to be done for `all'. Building the performance evaluation program. gcc -O2 -I. -I../common DDSMeval.o polyscan.o -o DDSMeval -L../common -lmammo -lm ../common/libmammo.a(mikesfileio.o): In function `read_segmentation_file': mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x1e9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x205): undefined reference to `mycalloc' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [DDSMeval] Error 1 Building the template creation program. gcc -O2 -I. -I../common mktemplate.o polyscan.o -o mktemplate -L../common -lmammo -lm Building the drawimage program. gcc -O2 -I. -I../common drawimage.o -o drawimage -L../common -lmammo -lm ../common/libmammo.a(mikesfileio.o): In function `read_segmentation_file': mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x1e9): undefined reference to `mycalloc' mikesfileio.c:(.text+0x205): undefined reference to `mycalloc' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [drawimage] Error 1 Building the compression/decompression program jpeg. gcc -O2 -DSYSV -DNOTRUNCATE -c lexer.c lexer.c:41:1: error: initializer element is not constant lexer.c:41:1: error: (near initialization for ‘yyin’) lexer.c:41:1: error: initializer element is not constant lexer.c:41:1: error: (near initialization for ‘yyout’) lexer.c: In function ‘initparser’: lexer.c:387:21: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘strlen’ [enabled by default] lexer.c: In function ‘MakeLink’: lexer.c:443:16: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘malloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:447:7: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:452:7: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:455:34: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:458:7: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:460:3: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘strcpy’ [enabled by default] lexer.c: In function ‘getstr’: lexer.c:548:26: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘malloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:552:4: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:557:21: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:557:28: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘strlen’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:561:7: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c: In function ‘parser’: lexer.c:794:21: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:798:8: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1074:21: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1078:8: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1116:21: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1120:8: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1154:25: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1158:5: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1190:5: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1247:25: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘calloc’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1251:5: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c:1283:5: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default] lexer.c: In function ‘yylook’: lexer.c:1867:9: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] lexer.c:1867:20: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] lexer.c:1877:12: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] lexer.c:1877:23: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast] make: *** [lexer.o] Error 1

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  • Improving WIF&rsquo;s Claims-based Authorization - Part 2

    - by Your DisplayName here!
    In the last post I showed you how to take control over the invocation of ClaimsAuthorizationManager. Then you have complete freedom over the claim types, the amount of claims and the values. In addition I added two attributes that invoke the authorization manager using an “application claim type”. This way it is very easy to distinguish between authorization calls that originate from WIF’s per-request authorization and the ones from “within” you application. The attribute comes in two flavours: a CAS attribute (invoked by the CLR) and an ASP.NET MVC attribute (for MVC controllers, invoke by the MVC plumbing). Both also feature static methods to easily call them using the application claim types. The CAS attribute is part of Thinktecture.IdentityModel on Codeplex (or via NuGet: Install-Package Thinktecture.IdentityModel). If you really want to see that code ;) There is also a sample included in the Codeplex donwload. The MVC attribute is currently used in Thinktecture.IdentityServer – and I don’t currently plan to make it part of the library project since I don’t want to add a dependency on MVC for now. You can find the code below – and I will write about its usage in a follow-up post. public class ClaimsAuthorize : AuthorizeAttribute {     private string _resource;     private string _action;     private string[] _additionalResources;     /// <summary>     /// Default action claim type.     /// </summary>     public const string ActionType = "http://application/claims/authorization/action";     /// <summary>     /// Default resource claim type     /// </summary>     public const string ResourceType = "http://application/claims/authorization/resource";     /// <summary>     /// Additional resource claim type     /// </summary>     public const string AdditionalResourceType = "http://application/claims/authorization/additionalresource"          public ClaimsAuthorize(string action, string resource, params string[] additionalResources)     {         _action = action;         _resource = resource;         _additionalResources = additionalResources;     }     public static bool CheckAccess(       string action, string resource, params string[] additionalResources)     {         return CheckAccess(             Thread.CurrentPrincipal as IClaimsPrincipal,             action,             resource,             additionalResources);     }     public static bool CheckAccess(       IClaimsPrincipal principal, string action, string resource, params string[] additionalResources)     {         var context = CreateAuthorizationContext(             principal,             action,             resource,             additionalResources);         return ClaimsAuthorization.CheckAccess(context);     }     protected override bool AuthorizeCore(HttpContextBase httpContext)     {         return CheckAccess(_action, _resource, _additionalResources);     }     private static WIF.AuthorizationContext CreateAuthorizationContext(       IClaimsPrincipal principal, string action, string resource, params string[] additionalResources)     {         var actionClaims = new Collection<Claim>         {             new Claim(ActionType, action)         };         var resourceClaims = new Collection<Claim>         {             new Claim(ResourceType, resource)         };         if (additionalResources != null && additionalResources.Length > 0)         {             additionalResources.ToList().ForEach(ar => resourceClaims.Add(               new Claim(AdditionalResourceType, ar)));         }         return new WIF.AuthorizationContext(             principal,             resourceClaims,             actionClaims);     } }

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  • Cannot get realtek8188ee to work in 14.04

    - by dang42
    I have a Toshiba Satellite C55-A5300 laptop. When I run lspci -nn it shows 02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8188EE Wireless Network Adapter [10ec:8179] (rev 01) It has always had the common problem others have asked about here (and many, many other places on the web) where it would connect, then drop the connection at random intervals. I tried every solution I could find, here & elsewhere, and they always caused errors after running "make" (more details below), but as I could still connect to networks I just dealt with it. I upgraded to 14.04 a few days ago and now it won't connect at all - I need help getting this to work. I originally followed the instructions posted by chili555 found here: Wireless not working on Toshiba Satellite C55-A5281, but I get the following errors when running "make": /home/dan/backports-3.11-rc3-1/net/wireless/sysfs.c:151:2: error: unknown field ‘dev_attrs’ specified in initializer .dev_attrs = ieee80211_dev_attrs, ^ /home/dan/backports-3.11-rc3-1/net/wireless/sysfs.c:151:2: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default] /home/dan/backports-3.11-rc3-1/net/wireless/sysfs.c:151:2: warning: (near initialization for ‘ieee80211_class.suspend’) [enabled by default] make[6]: * [/home/dan/backports-3.11-rc3-1/net/wireless/sysfs.o] Error 1 make[5]: [/home/dan/backports-3.11-rc3-1/net/wireless] Error 2 make[4]: [module/home/dan/backports-3.11-rc3-1] Error 2 make[3]: [modules] Error 2 make2: [modules] Error 2 make1: * [modules] Error 2 make: * [default] Error 2 I have no clue how to diagnose the problem or how to proceed from here. I also don't know what information one might need from me in order to move forward. I'll be happy to share anything you'd like to know if it results in this thing (finally!) working properly. Thanks in advance for any / all help. ETA: I did see this post - Realtek 8188ee wireless driver SOLVED - and it looks like it is discussing the same problem I'm having, but I cannot for the life of me figure out what I had to add the testing repository to my /etc/apt/sources.list means, so I am still stuck.

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  • asp.net C# Webcam api error

    - by Eyla
    Greeting, I'm tring to use webcam api with asp.net and C#. I included all the library and reverince I needed for that. the original code I'm use was for windows application and I'm trying to convert it to asp.net web application. I have start capturing button when I click it, it should start capturing but it gives me an error. the error at this line: hHwnd = capCreateCaptureWindowA(iDevice.ToString(), (WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD), 0, 0, 640, 480, picCapture.Handle.ToInt32(), 0); and the error message is: Error 1 'System.Web.UI.WebControls.Image' does not contain a definition for 'Handle' and no extension method 'Handle' accepting a first argument of type 'System.Web.UI.WebControls.Image' could be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) C:\Users\Ali\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\Conference\Conference\Conference1.aspx.cs 63 117 Conference Please advice!! ................................................ here is the complete code ........................................... using System; using System.Collections; using System.Drawing; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Configuration; using System.Data; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Security; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts; using System.Xml.Linq; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Drawing.Imaging; using System.Net; using System.Net.Sockets; using System.Threading; using System.IO; namespace Conference { public partial class Conference1 : System.Web.UI.Page { #region WebCam API const short WM_CAP = 1024; const int WM_CAP_DRIVER_CONNECT = WM_CAP + 10; const int WM_CAP_DRIVER_DISCONNECT = WM_CAP + 11; const int WM_CAP_EDIT_COPY = WM_CAP + 30; const int WM_CAP_SET_PREVIEW = WM_CAP + 50; const int WM_CAP_SET_PREVIEWRATE = WM_CAP + 52; const int WM_CAP_SET_SCALE = WM_CAP + 53; const int WS_CHILD = 1073741824; const int WS_VISIBLE = 268435456; const short SWP_NOMOVE = 2; const short SWP_NOSIZE = 1; const short SWP_NOZORDER = 4; const short HWND_BOTTOM = 1; int iDevice = 0; int hHwnd; [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("user32", EntryPoint = "SendMessageA")] static extern int SendMessage(int hwnd, int wMsg, int wParam, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.AsAny)] object lParam); [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("user32", EntryPoint = "SetWindowPos")] static extern int SetWindowPos(int hwnd, int hWndInsertAfter, int x, int y, int cx, int cy, int wFlags); [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("user32")] static extern bool DestroyWindow(int hndw); [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("avicap32.dll")] static extern int capCreateCaptureWindowA(string lpszWindowName, int dwStyle, int x, int y, int nWidth, short nHeight, int hWndParent, int nID); [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("avicap32.dll")] static extern bool capGetDriverDescriptionA(short wDriver, string lpszName, int cbName, string lpszVer, int cbVer); private void OpenPreviewWindow() { int iHeight = 320; int iWidth = 200; // // Open Preview window in picturebox // hHwnd = capCreateCaptureWindowA(iDevice.ToString(), (WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD), 0, 0, 640, 480, picCapture.Handle.ToInt32(), 0); // // Connect to device // if (SendMessage(hHwnd, WM_CAP_DRIVER_CONNECT, iDevice, 0) == 1) { // // Set the preview scale // SendMessage(hHwnd, WM_CAP_SET_SCALE, 1, 0); // // Set the preview rate in milliseconds // SendMessage(hHwnd, WM_CAP_SET_PREVIEWRATE, 66, 0); // // Start previewing the image from the camera // SendMessage(hHwnd, WM_CAP_SET_PREVIEW, 1, 0); // // Resize window to fit in picturebox // SetWindowPos(hHwnd, HWND_BOTTOM, 0, 0, iWidth, iHeight, (SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOZORDER)); } else { // // Error connecting to device close window // DestroyWindow(hHwnd); } } private void ClosePreviewWindow() { // // Disconnect from device // SendMessage(hHwnd, WM_CAP_DRIVER_DISCONNECT, iDevice, 0); // // close window // DestroyWindow(hHwnd); } #endregion protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected void btnStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { int iDevice = int.Parse(device_number_textBox.Text); OpenPreviewWindow(); } } }

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  • The last MVVM you'll ever need?

    - by Nuri Halperin
    As my MVC projects mature and grow, the need to have some omnipresent, ambient model properties quickly emerge. The application no longer has only one dynamic pieced of data on the page: A sidebar with a shopping cart, some news flash on the side – pretty common stuff. The rub is that a controller is invoked in context of a single intended request. The rest of the data, even though it could be just as dynamic, is expected to appear on it's own. There are many solutions to this scenario. MVVM prescribes creating elaborate objects which expose your new data as a property on some uber-object with more properties exposing the "side show" ambient data. The reason I don't love this approach is because it forces fairly acute awareness of the view, and soon enough you have many MVVM objects laying around, and views have to start doing null-checks in order to ensure you really supplied all the values before binding to them. Ick. Just as unattractive is the ViewData dictionary. It's not strongly typed, and in both this and the MVVM approach someone has to populate these properties – n'est pas? Where does that live? With MVC2, we get the formerly-futures  feature Html.RenderAction(). The feature allows you plant a line in a view, of the format: <% Html.RenderAction("SessionInterest", "Session"); %> While this syntax looks very clean, I can't help being bothered by it. MVC was touting a very strong separation of concerns, the Model taking on the role of the business logic, the controller handling route and performing minimal view-choosing operations and the views strictly focused on rendering out angled-bracket tags. The RenderAction() syntax has the view calling some controller and invoking it inline with it's runtime rendering. This – to my taste – embeds too much  knowledge of controllers into the view's code – which was allegedly forbidden.  The one way flow "Controller Receive Data –> Controller invoke Model –> Controller select view –> Controller Hand data to view" now gets a "View calls controller and gets it's own data" which is not so one-way anymore. Ick. I toyed with some other solutions a bit, including some base controllers, special view classes etc. My current favorite though is making use of the ExpandoObject and dynamic features with C# 4.0. If you follow Phil Haack or read a bit from David Heyden you can see the general picture emerging. The game changer is that using the new dynamic syntax, one can sprout properties on an object and make use of them in the view. Well that beats having a bunch of uni-purpose MVVM's any day! Rather than statically exposed properties, we'll just use the capability of adding members at runtime. Armed with new ideas and syntax, I went to work: First, I created a factory method to enrich the focuse object: public static class ModelExtension { public static dynamic Decorate(this Controller controller, object mainValue) { dynamic result = new ExpandoObject(); result.Value = mainValue; result.SessionInterest = CodeCampBL.SessoinInterest(); result.TagUsage = CodeCampBL.TagUsage(); return result; } } This gives me a nice fluent way to have the controller add the rest of the ambient "side show" items (SessionInterest, TagUsage in this demo) and expose them all as the Model: public ActionResult Index() { var data = SyndicationBL.Refresh(TWEET_SOURCE_URL); dynamic result = this.Decorate(data); return View(result); } So now what remains is that my view knows to expect a dynamic object (rather than statically typed) so that the ASP.NET page compiler won't barf: <%@ Page Language="C#" Title="Ambient Demo" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Ambient.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<dynamic>" %> Notice the generic ViewPage<dynamic>. It doesn't work otherwise. In the page itself, Model.Value property contains the main data returned from the controller. The nice thing about this, is that the master page (Ambient.Master) also inherits from the generic ViewMasterPage<dynamic>. So rather than the page worrying about all this ambient stuff, the side bars and panels for ambient data all reside in a master page, and can be rendered using the RenderPartial() syntax: <% Html.RenderPartial("TagCloud", Model.SessionInterest as Dictionary<string, int>); %> Note here that a cast is necessary. This is because although dynamic is magic, it can't figure out what type this property is, and wants you to give it a type so its binder can figure out the right property to bind to at runtime. I use as, you can cast if you like. So there we go – no violation of MVC, no explosion of MVVM models and voila – right? Well, I could not let this go without a tweak or two more. The first thing to improve, is that some views may not need all the properties. In that case, it would be a waste of resources to populate every property. The solution to this is simple: rather than exposing properties, I change d the factory method to expose lambdas - Func<T> really. So only if and when a view accesses a member of the dynamic object does it load the data. public static class ModelExtension { // take two.. lazy loading! public static dynamic LazyDecorate(this Controller c, object mainValue) { dynamic result = new ExpandoObject(); result.Value = mainValue; result.SessionInterest = new Func<Dictionary<string, int>>(() => CodeCampBL.SessoinInterest()); result.TagUsage = new Func<Dictionary<string, int>>(() => CodeCampBL.TagUsage()); return result; } } Now that lazy loading is in place, there's really no reason not to hook up all and any possible ambient property. Go nuts! Add them all in – they won't get invoked unless used. This now requires changing the signature of usage on the ambient properties methods –adding some parenthesis to the master view: <% Html.RenderPartial("TagCloud", Model.SessionInterest() as Dictionary<string, int>); %> And, of course, the controller needs to call LazyDecorate() rather than the old Decorate(). The final touch is to introduce a convenience method to the my Controller class , so that the tedium of calling Decorate() everywhere goes away. This is done quite simply by adding a bunch of methods, matching View(object), View(string,object) signatures of the Controller class: public ActionResult Index() { var data = SyndicationBL.Refresh(TWEET_SOURCE_URL); return AmbientView(data); } //these methods can reside in a base controller for the solution: public ViewResult AmbientView(dynamic data) { dynamic result = ModelExtension.LazyDecorate(this, data); return View(result); } public ViewResult AmbientView(string viewName, dynamic data) { dynamic result = ModelExtension.LazyDecorate(this, data); return View(viewName, result); } The call to AmbientView now replaces any call the View() that requires the ambient data. DRY sattisfied, lazy loading and no need to replace core pieces of the MVC pipeline. I call this a good MVC day. Enjoy!

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  • Mocking the Unmockable: Using Microsoft Moles with Gallio

    - by Thomas Weller
    Usual opensource mocking frameworks (like e.g. Moq or Rhino.Mocks) can mock only interfaces and virtual methods. In contrary to that, Microsoft’s Moles framework can ‘mock’ virtually anything, in that it uses runtime instrumentation to inject callbacks in the method MSIL bodies of the moled methods. Therefore, it is possible to detour any .NET method, including non-virtual/static methods in sealed types. This can be extremely helpful when dealing e.g. with code that calls into the .NET framework, some third-party or legacy stuff etc… Some useful collected resources (links to website, documentation material and some videos) can be found in my toolbox on Delicious under this link: http://delicious.com/thomasweller/toolbox+moles A Gallio extension for Moles Originally, Moles is a part of Microsoft’s Pex framework and thus integrates best with Visual Studio Unit Tests (MSTest). However, the Moles sample download contains some additional assemblies to also support other unit test frameworks. They provide a Moled attribute to ease the usage of mole types with the respective framework (there are extensions for NUnit, xUnit.net and MbUnit v2 included with the samples). As there is no such extension for the Gallio platform, I did the few required lines myself – the resulting Gallio.Moles.dll is included with the sample download. With this little assembly in place, it is possible to use Moles with Gallio like that: [Test, Moled] public void SomeTest() {     ... What you can do with it Moles can be very helpful, if you need to ‘mock’ something other than a virtual or interface-implementing method. This might be the case when dealing with some third-party component, legacy code, or if you want to ‘mock’ the .NET framework itself. Generally, you need to announce each moled type that you want to use in a test with the MoledType attribute on assembly level. For example: [assembly: MoledType(typeof(System.IO.File))] Below are some typical use cases for Moles. For a more detailed overview (incl. naming conventions and an instruction on how to create the required moles assemblies), please refer to the reference material above.  Detouring the .NET framework Imagine that you want to test a method similar to the one below, which internally calls some framework method:   public void ReadFileContent(string fileName) {     this.FileContent = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(fileName); } Using a mole, you would replace the call to the File.ReadAllText(string) method with a runtime delegate like so: [Test, Moled] [Description("This 'mocks' the System.IO.File class with a custom delegate.")] public void ReadFileContentWithMoles() {     // arrange ('mock' the FileSystem with a delegate)     System.IO.Moles.MFile.ReadAllTextString = (fname => fname == FileName ? FileContent : "WrongFileName");       // act     var testTarget = new TestTarget.TestTarget();     testTarget.ReadFileContent(FileName);       // assert     Assert.AreEqual(FileContent, testTarget.FileContent); } Detouring static methods and/or classes A static method like the below… public static string StaticMethod(int x, int y) {     return string.Format("{0}{1}", x, y); } … can be ‘mocked’ with the following: [Test, Moled] public void StaticMethodWithMoles() {     MStaticClass.StaticMethodInt32Int32 = ((x, y) => "uups");       var result = StaticClass.StaticMethod(1, 2);       Assert.AreEqual("uups", result); } Detouring constructors You can do this delegate thing even with a class’ constructor. The syntax for this is not all  too intuitive, because you have to setup the internal state of the mole, but generally it works like a charm. For example, to replace this c’tor… public class ClassWithCtor {     public int Value { get; private set; }       public ClassWithCtor(int someValue)     {         this.Value = someValue;     } } … you would do the following: [Test, Moled] public void ConstructorTestWithMoles() {     MClassWithCtor.ConstructorInt32 =            ((@class, @value) => new MClassWithCtor(@class) {ValueGet = () => 99});       var classWithCtor = new ClassWithCtor(3);       Assert.AreEqual(99, classWithCtor.Value); } Detouring abstract base classes You can also use this approach to ‘mock’ abstract base classes of a class that you call in your test. Assumed that you have something like that: public abstract class AbstractBaseClass {     public virtual string SaySomething()     {         return "Hello from base.";     } }      public class ChildClass : AbstractBaseClass {     public override string SaySomething()     {         return string.Format(             "Hello from child. Base says: '{0}'",             base.SaySomething());     } } Then you would set up the child’s underlying base class like this: [Test, Moled] public void AbstractBaseClassTestWithMoles() {     ChildClass child = new ChildClass();     new MAbstractBaseClass(child)         {                 SaySomething = () => "Leave me alone!"         }         .InstanceBehavior = MoleBehaviors.Fallthrough;       var hello = child.SaySomething();       Assert.AreEqual("Hello from child. Base says: 'Leave me alone!'", hello); } Setting the moles behavior to a value of  MoleBehaviors.Fallthrough causes the ‘original’ method to be called if a respective delegate is not provided explicitly – here it causes the ChildClass’ override of the SaySomething() method to be called. There are some more possible scenarios, where the Moles framework could be of much help (e.g. it’s also possible to detour interface implementations like IEnumerable<T> and such…). One other possibility that comes to my mind (because I’m currently dealing with that), is to replace calls from repository classes to the ADO.NET Entity Framework O/R mapper with delegates to isolate the repository classes from the underlying database, which otherwise would not be possible… Usage Since Moles relies on runtime instrumentation, mole types must be run under the Pex profiler. This only works from inside Visual Studio if you write your tests with MSTest (Visual Studio Unit Test). While other unit test frameworks generally can be used with Moles, they require the respective tests to be run via command line, executed through the moles.runner.exe tool. A typical test execution would be similar to this: moles.runner.exe <mytests.dll> /runner:<myframework.console.exe> /args:/<myargs> So, the moled test can be run through tools like NCover or a scripting tool like MSBuild (which makes them easy to run in a Continuous Integration environment), but they are somewhat unhandy to run in the usual TDD workflow (which I described in some detail here). To make this a bit more fluent, I wrote a ReSharper live template to generate the respective command line for the test (it is also included in the sample download – moled_cmd.xml). - This is just a quick-and-dirty ‘solution’. Maybe it makes sense to write an extra Gallio adapter plugin (similar to the many others that are already provided) and include it with the Gallio download package, if  there’s sufficient demand for it. As of now, the only way to run tests with the Moles framework from within Visual Studio is by using them with MSTest. From the command line, anything with a managed console runner can be used (provided that the appropriate extension is in place)… A typical Gallio/Moles command line (as generated by the mentioned R#-template) looks like that: "%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft Moles\bin\moles.runner.exe" /runner:"%ProgramFiles%\Gallio\bin\Gallio.Echo.exe" "Gallio.Moles.Demo.dll" /args:/r:IsolatedAppDomain /args:/filter:"ExactType:TestFixture and Member:ReadFileContentWithMoles" -- Note: When using the command line with Echo (Gallio’s console runner), be sure to always include the IsolatedAppDomain option, otherwise the tests won’t use the instrumentation callbacks! -- License issues As I already said, the free mocking frameworks can mock only interfaces and virtual methods. if you want to mock other things, you need the Typemock Isolator tool for that, which comes with license costs (Although these ‘costs’ are ridiculously low compared to the value that such a tool can bring to a software project, spending money often is a considerable gateway hurdle in real life...).  The Moles framework also is not totally free, but comes with the same license conditions as the (closely related) Pex framework: It is free for academic/non-commercial use only, to use it in a ‘real’ software project requires an MSDN Subscription (from VS2010pro on). The demo solution The sample solution (VS 2008) can be downloaded from here. It contains the Gallio.Moles.dll which provides the here described Moled attribute, the above mentioned R#-template (moled_cmd.xml) and a test fixture containing the above described use case scenarios. To run it, you need the Gallio framework (download) and Microsoft Moles (download) being installed in the default locations. Happy testing…

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  • Multiple Components in a JTree Node Renderer & Node Editor

    - by Samad Lotia
    I am attempting to create a JTree where a node has several components: a JPanel that holds a JCheckBox, followed by a JLabel, then a JComboBox. I have attached the code at the bottom if one wishes to run it. Fortunately the JTree correctly renders the components. However when I click on the JComboBox, the node disappears; if I click on the JCheckBox, it works fine. It seems that I am doing something wrong with how the TreeCellEditor is being set up. How could I resolve this issue? Am I going beyond the capabilities of JTree? Here's a quick overview of the code I have posted below. The class EntityListDialog merely creates the user interface. It is not useful to understand it other than the createTree method. Node is the data structure that holds information about each node in the JTree. All Nodes have a name, but samples may be null or an empty array. This should be evident by looking at EntityListDialog's createTree method. The name is used as the text of the JCheckBox. If samples is non-empty, it is used as the contents of the JCheckBox. NodeWithSamplesRenderer renders Nodes whose samples are non-empty. It creates the complicated user interface with the JPanel consisting of the JCheckBox and the JComboBox. NodeWithoutSamplesRenderer creates just a JCheckBox when samples is empty. RendererDispatcher decides whether to use a NodeWithSamplesRenderer or a NodeWithoutSamplesRenderer. This entirely depends on whether Node has a non-empty samples member or not. It essentially functions as a means for the NodeWith*SamplesRenderer to plug into the JTree. Code listing: import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.tree.*; public class EntityListDialog { final JDialog dialog; final JTree entitiesTree; public EntityListDialog() { dialog = new JDialog((Frame) null, "Test"); entitiesTree = createTree(); JScrollPane entitiesTreeScrollPane = new JScrollPane(entitiesTree); JCheckBox pathwaysCheckBox = new JCheckBox("Do additional searches"); JButton sendButton = new JButton("Send"); JButton cancelButton = new JButton("Cancel"); JButton selectAllButton = new JButton("All"); JButton deselectAllButton = new JButton("None"); dialog.getContentPane().setLayout(new GridBagLayout()); GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints(); JPanel selectPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT)); selectPanel.add(new JLabel("Select: ")); selectPanel.add(selectAllButton); selectPanel.add(deselectAllButton); c.gridx = 0; c.gridy = 0; c.weightx = 1.0; c.weighty = 0.0; c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL; dialog.getContentPane().add(selectPanel, c); c.gridx = 0; c.gridy = 1; c.weightx = 1.0; c.weighty = 1.0; c.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH; c.insets = new Insets(0, 5, 0, 5); dialog.getContentPane().add(entitiesTreeScrollPane, c); c.gridx = 0; c.gridy = 2; c.weightx = 1.0; c.weighty = 0.0; c.insets = new Insets(0, 0, 0, 0); c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL; dialog.getContentPane().add(pathwaysCheckBox, c); JPanel buttonsPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT)); buttonsPanel.add(sendButton); buttonsPanel.add(cancelButton); c.gridx = 0; c.gridy = 3; c.weightx = 1.0; c.weighty = 0.0; c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL; dialog.getContentPane().add(buttonsPanel, c); dialog.pack(); dialog.setVisible(true); } public static void main(String[] args) { EntityListDialog dialog = new EntityListDialog(); } private static JTree createTree() { DefaultMutableTreeNode root = new DefaultMutableTreeNode( new Node("All Entities")); root.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode( new Node("Entity 1", "Sample A", "Sample B", "Sample C"))); root.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode( new Node("Entity 2", "Sample D", "Sample E", "Sample F"))); root.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode( new Node("Entity 3", "Sample G", "Sample H", "Sample I"))); JTree tree = new JTree(root); RendererDispatcher rendererDispatcher = new RendererDispatcher(tree); tree.setCellRenderer(rendererDispatcher); tree.setCellEditor(rendererDispatcher); tree.setEditable(true); return tree; } } class Node { final String name; final String[] samples; boolean selected; int selectedSampleIndex; public Node(String name, String... samples) { this.name = name; this.selected = false; this.samples = samples; if (samples == null) { this.selectedSampleIndex = -1; } else { this.selectedSampleIndex = 0; } } public boolean isSelected() { return selected; } public void setSelected(boolean selected) { this.selected = selected; } public String toString() { return name; } public int getSelectedSampleIndex() { return selectedSampleIndex; } public void setSelectedSampleIndex(int selectedSampleIndex) { this.selectedSampleIndex = selectedSampleIndex; } public String[] getSamples() { return samples; } } interface Renderer { public void setForeground(final Color foreground); public void setBackground(final Color background); public void setFont(final Font font); public void setEnabled(final boolean enabled); public Component getComponent(); public Object getContents(); } class NodeWithSamplesRenderer implements Renderer { final DefaultComboBoxModel comboBoxModel = new DefaultComboBoxModel(); final JPanel panel = new JPanel(); final JCheckBox checkBox = new JCheckBox(); final JLabel label = new JLabel(" Samples: "); final JComboBox comboBox = new JComboBox(comboBoxModel); final JComponent components[] = {panel, checkBox, comboBox, label}; public NodeWithSamplesRenderer() { Boolean drawFocus = (Boolean) UIManager.get("Tree.drawsFocusBorderAroundIcon"); if (drawFocus != null) { checkBox.setFocusPainted(drawFocus.booleanValue()); } for (int i = 0; i < components.length; i++) { components[i].setOpaque(true); } panel.add(checkBox); panel.add(label); panel.add(comboBox); } public void setForeground(final Color foreground) { for (int i = 0; i < components.length; i++) { components[i].setForeground(foreground); } } public void setBackground(final Color background) { for (int i = 0; i < components.length; i++) { components[i].setBackground(background); } } public void setFont(final Font font) { for (int i = 0; i < components.length; i++) { components[i].setFont(font); } } public void setEnabled(final boolean enabled) { for (int i = 0; i < components.length; i++) { components[i].setEnabled(enabled); } } public void setContents(Node node) { checkBox.setText(node.toString()); comboBoxModel.removeAllElements(); for (int i = 0; i < node.getSamples().length; i++) { comboBoxModel.addElement(node.getSamples()[i]); } } public Object getContents() { String title = checkBox.getText(); String[] samples = new String[comboBoxModel.getSize()]; for (int i = 0; i < comboBoxModel.getSize(); i++) { samples[i] = comboBoxModel.getElementAt(i).toString(); } Node node = new Node(title, samples); node.setSelected(checkBox.isSelected()); node.setSelectedSampleIndex(comboBoxModel.getIndexOf(comboBoxModel.getSelectedItem())); return node; } public Component getComponent() { return panel; } } class NodeWithoutSamplesRenderer implements Renderer { final JCheckBox checkBox = new JCheckBox(); public NodeWithoutSamplesRenderer() { Boolean drawFocus = (Boolean) UIManager.get("Tree.drawsFocusBorderAroundIcon"); if (drawFocus != null) { checkBox.setFocusPainted(drawFocus.booleanValue()); } } public void setForeground(final Color foreground) { checkBox.setForeground(foreground); } public void setBackground(final Color background) { checkBox.setBackground(background); } public void setFont(final Font font) { checkBox.setFont(font); } public void setEnabled(final boolean enabled) { checkBox.setEnabled(enabled); } public void setContents(Node node) { checkBox.setText(node.toString()); } public Object getContents() { String title = checkBox.getText(); Node node = new Node(title); node.setSelected(checkBox.isSelected()); return node; } public Component getComponent() { return checkBox; } } class NoNodeRenderer implements Renderer { final JLabel label = new JLabel(); public void setForeground(final Color foreground) { label.setForeground(foreground); } public void setBackground(final Color background) { label.setBackground(background); } public void setFont(final Font font) { label.setFont(font); } public void setEnabled(final boolean enabled) { label.setEnabled(enabled); } public void setContents(String text) { label.setText(text); } public Object getContents() { return label.getText(); } public Component getComponent() { return label; } } class RendererDispatcher extends AbstractCellEditor implements TreeCellRenderer, TreeCellEditor { final static Color selectionForeground = UIManager.getColor("Tree.selectionForeground"); final static Color selectionBackground = UIManager.getColor("Tree.selectionBackground"); final static Color textForeground = UIManager.getColor("Tree.textForeground"); final static Color textBackground = UIManager.getColor("Tree.textBackground"); final JTree tree; final NodeWithSamplesRenderer nodeWithSamplesRenderer = new NodeWithSamplesRenderer(); final NodeWithoutSamplesRenderer nodeWithoutSamplesRenderer = new NodeWithoutSamplesRenderer(); final NoNodeRenderer noNodeRenderer = new NoNodeRenderer(); final Renderer[] renderers = { nodeWithSamplesRenderer, nodeWithoutSamplesRenderer, noNodeRenderer }; Renderer renderer = null; public RendererDispatcher(JTree tree) { this.tree = tree; Font font = UIManager.getFont("Tree.font"); if (font != null) { for (int i = 0; i < renderers.length; i++) { renderers[i].setFont(font); } } } public Component getTreeCellRendererComponent(JTree tree, Object value, boolean selected, boolean expanded, boolean leaf, int row, boolean hasFocus) { final Node node = extractNode(value); if (node == null) { renderer = noNodeRenderer; noNodeRenderer.setContents(tree.convertValueToText( value, selected, expanded, leaf, row, false)); } else { if (node.getSamples() == null || node.getSamples().length == 0) { renderer = nodeWithoutSamplesRenderer; nodeWithoutSamplesRenderer.setContents(node); } else { renderer = nodeWithSamplesRenderer; nodeWithSamplesRenderer.setContents(node); } } renderer.setEnabled(tree.isEnabled()); if (selected) { renderer.setForeground(selectionForeground); renderer.setBackground(selectionBackground); } else { renderer.setForeground(textForeground); renderer.setBackground(textBackground); } renderer.getComponent().repaint(); renderer.getComponent().invalidate(); renderer.getComponent().validate(); return renderer.getComponent(); } public Component getTreeCellEditorComponent( JTree tree, Object value, boolean selected, boolean expanded, boolean leaf, int row) { return getTreeCellRendererComponent( tree, value, true, expanded, leaf, row, true); } public Object getCellEditorValue() { return renderer.getContents(); } public boolean isCellEditable(final EventObject event) { if (!(event instanceof MouseEvent)) { return false; } final MouseEvent mouseEvent = (MouseEvent) event; final TreePath path = tree.getPathForLocation( mouseEvent.getX(), mouseEvent.getY()); if (path == null) { return false; } Object node = path.getLastPathComponent(); if (node == null || (!(node instanceof DefaultMutableTreeNode))) { return false; } DefaultMutableTreeNode treeNode = (DefaultMutableTreeNode) node; Object userObject = treeNode.getUserObject(); return (userObject instanceof Node); } private static Node extractNode(Object value) { if ((value != null) && (value instanceof DefaultMutableTreeNode)) { DefaultMutableTreeNode node = (DefaultMutableTreeNode) value; Object userObject = node.getUserObject(); if ((userObject != null) && (userObject instanceof Node)) { return (Node) userObject; } } return null; } }

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  • Looking into Entity Framework Code First Migrations

    - by nikolaosk
    In this post I will introduce you to Code First Migrations, an Entity Framework feature introduced in version 4.3 back in February of 2012.I have extensively covered Entity Framework in this blog. Please find my other Entity Framework posts here .   Before the addition of Code First Migrations (4.1,4.2 versions), Code First database initialisation meant that Code First would create the database if it does not exist (the default behaviour - CreateDatabaseIfNotExists). The other pattern we could use is DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges which means that Entity Framework, will drop the database if it realises that model has changes since the last time it created the database.The final pattern is DropCreateDatabaseAlways which means that Code First will recreate the database every time one runs the application.That is of course fine for the development database but totally unacceptable and catastrophic when you have a production database. We cannot lose our data because of the work that Code First works.Migrations solve this problem.With migrations we can modify the database without completely dropping it.We can modify the database schema to reflect the changes to the model without losing data.In version EF 5.0 migrations are fully included and supported. I will demonstrate migrations with a hands-on example.Let me say a few words first about Entity Framework first. The .Net framework provides support for Object Relational Mappingthrough EF. So EF is a an ORM tool and it is now the main data access technology that microsoft works on. I use it quite extensively in my projects. Through EF we have many things out of the box provided for us. We have the automatic generation of SQL code.It maps relational data to strongly types objects.All the changes made to the objects in the memory are persisted in a transactional way back to the data store. You can find in this post an example on how to use the Entity Framework to retrieve data from an SQL Server Database using the "Database/Schema First" approach.In this approach we make all the changes at the database level and then we update the model with those changes. In this post you can see an example on how to use the "Model First" approach when working with ASP.Net and the Entity Framework.This model was firstly introduced in EF version 4.0 and we could start with a blank model and then create a database from that model.When we made changes to the model , we could recreate the database from the new model. The Code First approach is the more code-centric than the other two. Basically we write POCO classes and then we persist to a database using something called DBContext.Code First relies on DbContext. We create 2,3 classes (e.g Person,Product) with properties and then these classes interact with the DbContext class we can create a new database based upon our POCOS classes and have tables generated from those classes.We do not have an .edmx file in this approach.By using this approach we can write much easier unit tests.DbContext is a new context class and is smaller,lightweight wrapper for the main context class which is ObjectContext (Schema First and Model First).Let's move on to our hands-on example.I have installed VS 2012 Ultimate edition in my Windows 8 machine. 1)  Create an empty asp.net web application. Give your application a suitable name. Choose C# as the development language2) Add a new web form item in your application. Leave the default name.3) Create a new folder. Name it CodeFirst .4) Add a new item in your application, a class file. Name it Footballer.cs. This is going to be a simple POCO class.Place this class file in the CodeFirst folder.The code follows    public class Footballer     {         public int FootballerID { get; set; }         public string FirstName { get; set; }         public string LastName { get; set; }         public double Weight { get; set; }         public double Height { get; set; }              }5) We will have to add EF 5.0 to our project. Right-click on the project in the Solution Explorer and select Manage NuGet Packages... for it.In the window that will pop up search for Entity Framework and install it.Have a look at the picture below   If you want to find out if indeed EF version is 5.0 version is installed have a look at the References. Have a look at the picture below to see what you will see if you have installed everything correctly.Have a look at the picture below 6) Then we need to create a context class that inherits from DbContext.Add a new class to the CodeFirst folder.Name it FootballerDBContext.Now that we have the entity classes created, we must let the model know.I will have to use the DbSet<T> property.The code for this class follows     public class FootballerDBContext:DbContext     {         public DbSet<Footballer> Footballers { get; set; }             }    Do not forget to add  (using System.Data.Entity;) in the beginning of the class file 7) We must take care of the connection string. It is very easy to create one in the web.config.It does not matter that we do not have a database yet.When we run the DbContext and query against it , it will use a connection string in the web.config and will create the database based on the classes.I will use the name "FootballTraining" for the database.In my case the connection string inside the web.config, looks like this    <connectionStrings>    <add name="CodeFirstDBContext" connectionString="server=.;integrated security=true; database=FootballTraining" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>                       </connectionStrings>8) Now it is time to create Linq to Entities queries to retrieve data from the database . Add a new class to your application in the CodeFirst folder.Name the file DALfootballer.csWe will create a simple public method to retrieve the footballers. The code for the class followspublic class DALfootballer     {         FootballerDBContext ctx = new FootballerDBContext();         public List<Footballer> GetFootballers()         {             var query = from player in ctx.Footballers select player;             return query.ToList();         }     } 9) Place a GridView control on the Default.aspx page and leave the default name.Add an ObjectDataSource control on the Default.aspx page and leave the default name. Set the DatasourceID property of the GridView control to the ID of the ObjectDataSource control.(DataSourceID="ObjectDataSource1" ). Let's configure the ObjectDataSource control. Click on the smart tag item of the ObjectDataSource control and select Configure Data Source. In the Wizzard that pops up select the DALFootballer class and then in the next step choose the GetFootballers() method.Click Finish to complete the steps of the wizzard.Build and Run your application.  10) Obviously you will not see any records coming back from your database, because we have not inserted anything. The database is created, though.Have a look at the picture below.  11) Now let's change the POCO class. Let's add a new property to the Footballer.cs class.        public int Age { get; set; } Build and run your application again. You will receive an error. Have a look at the picture below 12) That was to be expected.EF Code First Migrations is not activated by default. We have to activate them manually and configure them according to your needs. We will open the Package Manager Console from the Tools menu within Visual Studio 2012.Then we will activate the EF Code First Migration Features by writing the command “Enable-Migrations”.  Have a look at the picture below. This adds a new folder Migrations in our project. A new auto-generated class Configuration.cs is created.Another class is also created [CURRENTDATE]_InitialCreate.cs and added to our project.The Configuration.cs  is shown in the picture below. The [CURRENTDATE]_InitialCreate.cs is shown in the picture below  13) ??w we are ready to migrate the changes in the database. We need to run the Add-Migration Age command in Package Manager ConsoleAdd-Migration will scaffold the next migration based on changes you have made to your model since the last migration was created.In the Migrations folder, the file 201211201231066_Age.cs is created.Have a look at the picture below to see the newly generated file and its contents. Now we can run the Update-Database command in Package Manager Console .See the picture above.Code First Migrations will compare the migrations in our Migrations folder with the ones that have been applied to the database. It will see that the Age migration needs to be applied, and run it.The EFMigrations.CodeFirst.FootballeDBContext database is now updated to include the Age column in the Footballers table.Build and run your application.Everything will work fine now.Have a look at the picture below to see the migrations applied to our table. 14) We may want it to automatically upgrade the database (by applying any pending migrations) when the application launches.Let's add another property to our Poco class.          public string TShirtNo { get; set; }We want this change to migrate automatically to the database.We go to the Configuration.cs we enable automatic migrations.     public Configuration()        {            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;        } In the Page_Load event handling routine we have to register the MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion database initializer. A database initializer simply contains some logic that is used to make sure the database is setup correctly.   protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<FootballerDBContext, Configuration>());        } Build and run your application. It will work fine. Have a look at the picture below to see the migrations applied to our table in the database. Hope it helps!!!  

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  • New Features in ASP.NET Web API 2 - Part I

    - by dwahlin
    I’m a big fan of ASP.NET Web API. It provides a quick yet powerful way to build RESTful HTTP services that can easily be consumed by a variety of clients. While it’s simple to get started using, it has a wealth of features such as filters, formatters, and message handlers that can be used to extend it when needed. In this post I’m going to provide a quick walk-through of some of the key new features in version 2. I’ll focus on some two of my favorite features that are related to routing and HTTP responses and cover additional features in a future post.   Attribute Routing Routing has been a core feature of Web API since it’s initial release and something that’s built into new Web API projects out-of-the-box. However, there are a few scenarios where defining routes can be challenging such as nested routes (more on that in a moment) and any situation where a lot of custom routes have to be defined. For this example, let’s assume that you’d like to define the following nested route:   /customers/1/orders   This type of route would select a customer with an Id of 1 and then return all of their orders. Defining this type of route in the standard WebApiConfig class is certainly possible, but it isn’t the easiest thing to do for people who don’t understand routing well. Here’s an example of how the route shown above could be defined:   public static class WebApiConfig { public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config) { config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "CustomerOrdersApiGet", routeTemplate: "api/customers/{custID}/orders", defaults: new { custID = 0, controller = "Customers", action = "Orders" } ); config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "DefaultApi", routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}", defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } ); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.Insert(0, new JsonpFormatter()); } } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   With attribute based routing, defining these types of nested routes is greatly simplified. To get started you first need to make a call to the new MapHttpAttributeRoutes() method in the standard WebApiConfig class (or a custom class that you may have created that defines your routes) as shown next:   public static class WebApiConfig { public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config) { // Allow for attribute based routes config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes(); config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "DefaultApi", routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}", defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } ); } } Once attribute based routes are configured, you can apply the Route attribute to one or more controller actions. Here’s an example:   [HttpGet] [Route("customers/{custId:int}/orders")] public List<Order> Orders(int custId) { var orders = _Repository.GetOrders(custId); if (orders == null) { throw new HttpResponseException(new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.NotFound)); } return orders; }   This example maps the custId route parameter to the custId parameter in the Orders() method and also ensures that the route parameter is typed as an integer. The Orders() method can be called using the following route: /customers/2/orders   While this is extremely easy to use and gets the job done, it doesn’t include the default “api” string on the front of the route that you might be used to seeing. You could add “api” in front of the route and make it “api/customers/{custId:int}/orders” but then you’d have to repeat that across other attribute-based routes as well. To simply this type of task you can add the RoutePrefix attribute above the controller class as shown next so that “api” (or whatever the custom starting point of your route is) is applied to all attribute routes: [RoutePrefix("api")] public class CustomersController : ApiController { [HttpGet] [Route("customers/{custId:int}/orders")] public List<Order> Orders(int custId) { var orders = _Repository.GetOrders(custId); if (orders == null) { throw new HttpResponseException(new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.NotFound)); } return orders; } }   There’s much more that you can do with attribute-based routing in ASP.NET. Check out the following post by Mike Wasson for more details.   Returning Responses with IHttpActionResult The first version of Web API provided a way to return custom HttpResponseMessage objects which were pretty easy to use overall. However, Web API 2 now wraps some of the functionality available in version 1 to simplify the process even more. A new interface named IHttpActionResult (similar to ActionResult in ASP.NET MVC) has been introduced which can be used as the return type for Web API controller actions. To return a custom response you can use new helper methods exposed through ApiController such as: Ok NotFound Exception Unauthorized BadRequest Conflict Redirect InvalidModelState Here’s an example of how IHttpActionResult and the helper methods can be used to cleanup code. This is the typical way to return a custom HTTP response in version 1:   public HttpResponseMessage Delete(int id) { var status = _Repository.DeleteCustomer(id); if (status) { return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.OK); } else { throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.NotFound); } } With version 2 we can replace HttpResponseMessage with IHttpActionResult and simplify the code quite a bit:   public IHttpActionResult Delete(int id) { var status = _Repository.DeleteCustomer(id); if (status) { //return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.OK); return Ok(); } else { //throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.NotFound); return NotFound(); } } You can also cleanup post (insert) operations as well using the helper methods. Here’s a version 1 post action:   public HttpResponseMessage Post([FromBody]Customer cust) { var newCust = _Repository.InsertCustomer(cust); if (newCust != null) { var msg = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.Created); msg.Headers.Location = new Uri(Request.RequestUri + newCust.ID.ToString()); return msg; } else { throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.Conflict); } } This is what the code looks like in version 2:   public IHttpActionResult Post([FromBody]Customer cust) { var newCust = _Repository.InsertCustomer(cust); if (newCust != null) { return Created<Customer>(Request.RequestUri + newCust.ID.ToString(), newCust); } else { return Conflict(); } } More details on IHttpActionResult and the different helper methods provided by the ApiController base class can be found here. Conclusion Although there are several additional features available in Web API 2 that I could cover (CORS support for example), this post focused on two of my favorites features. If you have .NET 4.5.1 available then I definitely recommend checking the new features out. Additional articles that cover features in ASP.NET Web API 2 can be found here.

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  • Dynamic Code for type casting Generic Types 'generically' in C#

    - by Rick Strahl
    C# is a strongly typed language and while that's a fundamental feature of the language there are more and more situations where dynamic types make a lot of sense. I've written quite a bit about how I use dynamic for creating new type extensions: Dynamic Types and DynamicObject References in C# Creating a dynamic, extensible C# Expando Object Creating a dynamic DataReader for dynamic Property Access Today I want to point out an example of a much simpler usage for dynamic that I use occasionally to get around potential static typing issues in C# code especially those concerning generic types. TypeCasting Generics Generic types have been around since .NET 2.0 I've run into a number of situations in the past - especially with generic types that don't implement specific interfaces that can be cast to - where I've been unable to properly cast an object when it's passed to a method or assigned to a property. Granted often this can be a sign of bad design, but in at least some situations the code that needs to be integrated is not under my control so I have to make due with what's available or the parent object is too complex or intermingled to be easily refactored to a new usage scenario. Here's an example that I ran into in my own RazorHosting library - so I have really no excuse, but I also don't see another clean way around it in this case. A Generic Example Imagine I've implemented a generic type like this: public class RazorEngine<TBaseTemplateType> where TBaseTemplateType : RazorTemplateBase, new() You can now happily instantiate new generic versions of this type with custom template bases or even a non-generic version which is implemented like this: public class RazorEngine : RazorEngine<RazorTemplateBase> { public RazorEngine() : base() { } } To instantiate one: var engine = new RazorEngine<MyCustomRazorTemplate>(); Now imagine that the template class receives a reference to the engine when it's instantiated. This code is fired as part of the Engine pipeline when it gets ready to execute the template. It instantiates the template and assigns itself to the template: var template = new TBaseTemplateType() { Engine = this } The problem here is that possibly many variations of RazorEngine<T> can be passed. I can have RazorTemplateBase, RazorFolderHostTemplateBase, CustomRazorTemplateBase etc. as generic parameters and the Engine property has to reflect that somehow. So, how would I cast that? My first inclination was to use an interface on the engine class and then cast to the interface.  Generally that works, but unfortunately here the engine class is generic and has a few members that require the template type in the member signatures. So while I certainly can implement an interface: public interface IRazorEngine<TBaseTemplateType> it doesn't really help for passing this generically templated object to the template class - I still can't cast it if multiple differently typed versions of the generic type could be passed. I have the exact same issue in that I can't specify a 'generic' generic parameter, since there's no underlying base type that's common. In light of this I decided on using object and the following syntax for the property (and the same would be true for a method parameter): public class RazorTemplateBase :MarshalByRefObject,IDisposable { public object Engine {get;set; } } Now because the Engine property is a non-typed object, when I need to do something with this value, I still have no way to cast it explicitly. What I really would need is: public RazorEngine<> Engine { get; set; } but that's not possible. Dynamic to the Rescue Luckily with the dynamic type this sort of thing can be mitigated fairly easily. For example here's a method that uses the Engine property and uses the well known class interface by simply casting the plain object reference to dynamic and then firing away on the properties and methods of the base template class that are common to all templates:/// <summary> /// Allows rendering a dynamic template from a string template /// passing in a model. This is like rendering a partial /// but providing the input as a /// </summary> public virtual string RenderTemplate(string template,object model) { if (template == null) return string.Empty; // if there's no template markup if(!template.Contains("@")) return template; // use dynamic to get around generic type casting dynamic engine = Engine; string result = engine.RenderTemplate(template, model); if (result == null) throw new ApplicationException("RenderTemplate failed: " + engine.ErrorMessage); return result; } Prior to .NET 4.0  I would have had to use Reflection for this sort of thing which would have a been a heck of a lot more verbose, but dynamic makes this so much easier and cleaner and in this case at least the overhead is negliable since it's a single dynamic operation on an otherwise very complex operation call. Dynamic as  a Bailout Sometimes this sort of thing often reeks of a design flaw, and I agree that in hindsight this could have been designed differently. But as is often the case this particular scenario wasn't planned for originally and removing the generic signatures from the base type would break a ton of other code in the framework. Given the existing fairly complex engine design, refactoring an interface to remove generic types just to make this particular code work would have been overkill. Instead dynamic provides a nice and simple and relatively clean solution. Now if there were many other places where this occurs I would probably consider reworking the code to make this cleaner but given this isolated instance and relatively low profile operation use of dynamic seems a valid choice for me. This solution really works anywhere where you might end up with an inheritance structure that doesn't have a common base or interface that is sufficient. In the example above I know what I'm getting but there's no common base type that I can cast to. All that said, it's a good idea to think about use of dynamic before you rush in. In many situations there are alternatives that can still work with static typing. Dynamic definitely has some overhead compared to direct static access of objects, so if possible we should definitely stick to static typing. In the example above the application already uses dynamics extensively for dynamic page page templating and passing models around so introducing dynamics here has very little additional overhead. The operation itself also fires of a fairly resource heavy operation where the overhead of a couple of dynamic member accesses are not a performance issue. So, what's your experience with dynamic as a bailout mechanism? © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in CSharp   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • How do I set up MVP for a Winforms solution?

    - by JonWillis
    Question moved from Stackoverflow - http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4971048/how-do-i-set-up-mvp-for-a-winforms-solution I have used MVP and MVC in the past, and I prefer MVP as it controls the flow of execution so much better in my opinion. I have created my infrastructure (datastore/repository classes) and use them without issue when hard coding sample data, so now I am moving onto the GUI and preparing my MVP. Section A I have seen MVP using the view as the entry point, that is in the views constructor method it creates the presenter, which in turn creates the model, wiring up events as needed. I have also seen the presenter as the entry point, where a view, model and presenter are created, this presenter is then given a view and model object in its constructor to wire up the events. As in 2, but the model is not passed to the presenter. Instead the model is a static class where methods are called and responses returned directly. Section B In terms of keeping the view and model in sync I have seen. Whenever a value in the view in changed, i.e. TextChanged event in .Net/C#. This fires a DataChangedEvent which is passed through into the model, to keep it in sync at all times. And where the model changes, i.e. a background event it listens to, then the view is updated via the same idea of raising a DataChangedEvent. When a user wants to commit changes a SaveEvent it fires, passing through into the model to make the save. In this case the model mimics the view's data and processes actions. Similar to #b1, however the view does not sync with the model all the time. Instead when the user wants to commit changes, SaveEvent is fired and the presenter grabs the latest details and passes them into the model. in this case the model does not know about the views data until it is required to act upon it, in which case it is passed all the needed details. Section C Displaying of business objects in the view, i.e. a object (MyClass) not primitive data (int, double) The view has property fields for all its data that it will display as domain/business objects. Such as view.Animals exposes a IEnumerable<IAnimal> property, even though the view processes these into Nodes in a TreeView. Then for the selected animal it would expose SelectedAnimal as IAnimal property. The view has no knowledge of domain objects, it exposes property for primitive/framework (.Net/Java) included objects types only. In this instance the presenter will pass an adapter object the domain object, the adapter will then translate a given business object into the controls visible on the view. In this instance the adapter must have access to the actual controls on the view, not just any view so becomes more tightly coupled. Section D Multiple views used to create a single control. i.e. You have a complex view with a simple model like saving objects of different types. You could have a menu system at the side with each click on an item the appropriate controls are shown. You create one huge view, that contains all of the individual controls which are exposed via the views interface. You have several views. You have one view for the menu and a blank panel. This view creates the other views required but does not display them (visible = false), this view also implements the interface for each view it contains (i.e. child views) so it can expose to one presenter. The blank panel is filled with other views (Controls.Add(myview)) and ((myview.visible = true). The events raised in these "child"-views are handled by the parent view which in turn pass the event to the presenter, and visa versa for supplying events back down to child elements. Each view, be it the main parent or smaller child views are each wired into there own presenter and model. You can literately just drop a view control into an existing form and it will have the functionality ready, just needs wiring into a presenter behind the scenes. Section E Should everything have an interface, now based on how the MVP is done in the above examples will affect this answer as they might not be cross-compatible. Everything has an interface, the View, Presenter and Model. Each of these then obviously has a concrete implementation. Even if you only have one concrete view, model and presenter. The View and Model have an interface. This allows the views and models to differ. The presenter creates/is given view and model objects and it just serves to pass messages between them. Only the View has an interface. The Model has static methods and is not created, thus no need for an interface. If you want a different model, the presenter calls a different set of static class methods. Being static the Model has no link to the presenter. Personal thoughts From all the different variations I have presented (most I have probably used in some form) of which I am sure there are more. I prefer A3 as keeping business logic reusable outside just MVP, B2 for less data duplication and less events being fired. C1 for not adding in another class, sure it puts a small amount of non unit testable logic into a view (how a domain object is visualised) but this could be code reviewed, or simply viewed in the application. If the logic was complex I would agree to an adapter class but not in all cases. For section D, i feel D1 creates a view that is too big atleast for a menu example. I have used D2 and D3 before. Problem with D2 is you end up having to write lots of code to route events to and from the presenter to the correct child view, and its not drag/drop compatible, each new control needs more wiring in to support the single presenter. D3 is my prefered choice but adds in yet more classes as presenters and models to deal with the view, even if the view happens to be very simple or has no need to be reused. i think a mixture of D2 and D3 is best based on circumstances. As to section E, I think everything having an interface could be overkill I already do it for domain/business objects and often see no advantage in the "design" by doing so, but it does help in mocking objects in tests. Personally I would see E2 as a classic solution, although have seen E3 used in 2 projects I have worked on previously. Question Am I implementing MVP correctly? Is there a right way of going about it? I've read Martin Fowler's work that has variations, and I remember when I first started doing MVC, I understood the concept, but could not originally work out where is the entry point, everything has its own function but what controls and creates the original set of MVC objects.

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  • Parallel LINQ - PLINQ

    - by nmarun
    Turns out now with .net 4.0 we can run a query like a multi-threaded application. Say you want to query a collection of objects and return only those that meet certain conditions. Until now, we basically had one ‘control’ that iterated over all the objects in the collection, checked the condition on each object and returned if it passed. We obviously agree that if we can ‘break’ this task into smaller ones, assign each task to a different ‘control’ and ask all the controls to do their job - in-parallel, the time taken the finish the entire task will be much lower. Welcome to PLINQ. Let’s take some examples. I have the following method that uses our good ol’ LINQ. 1: private static void Linq(int lowerLimit, int upperLimit) 2: { 3: // populate an array with int values from lowerLimit to the upperLimit 4: var source = Enumerable.Range(lowerLimit, upperLimit); 5:  6: // Start a timer 7: Stopwatch stopwatch = new Stopwatch(); 8: stopwatch.Start(); 9:  10: // set the expectation => build the expression tree 11: var evenNumbers =   from num in source 12: where IsDivisibleBy(num, 2) 13: select num; 14: 15: // iterate over and print the returned items 16: foreach (var number in evenNumbers) 17: { 18: Console.WriteLine(string.Format("** {0}", number)); 19: } 20:  21: stopwatch.Stop(); 22:  23: // check the metrics 24: Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Elapsed {0}ms", stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds)); 25: } I’ve added comments for the major steps, but the only thing I want to talk about here is the IsDivisibleBy() method. I know I could have just included the logic directly in the where clause. I called a method to add ‘delay’ to the execution of the query - to simulate a loooooooooong operation (will be easier to compare the results). 1: private static bool IsDivisibleBy(int number, int divisor) 2: { 3: // iterate over some database query 4: // to add time to the execution of this method; 5: // the TableB has around 10 records 6: for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) 7: { 8: DataClasses1DataContext dataContext = new DataClasses1DataContext(); 9: var query = from b in dataContext.TableBs select b; 10: 11: foreach (var row in query) 12: { 13: // Do NOTHING (wish my job was like this) 14: } 15: } 16:  17: return number % divisor == 0; 18: } Now, let’s look at how to modify this to PLINQ. 1: private static void Plinq(int lowerLimit, int upperLimit) 2: { 3: // populate an array with int values from lowerLimit to the upperLimit 4: var source = Enumerable.Range(lowerLimit, upperLimit); 5:  6: // Start a timer 7: Stopwatch stopwatch = new Stopwatch(); 8: stopwatch.Start(); 9:  10: // set the expectation => build the expression tree 11: var evenNumbers = from num in source.AsParallel() 12: where IsDivisibleBy(num, 2) 13: select num; 14:  15: // iterate over and print the returned items 16: foreach (var number in evenNumbers) 17: { 18: Console.WriteLine(string.Format("** {0}", number)); 19: } 20:  21: stopwatch.Stop(); 22:  23: // check the metrics 24: Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Elapsed {0}ms", stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds)); 25: } That’s it, this is now in PLINQ format. Oh and if you haven’t found the difference, look line 11 a little more closely. You’ll see an extension method ‘AsParallel()’ added to the ‘source’ variable. Couldn’t be more simpler right? So this is going to improve the performance for us. Let’s test it. So in my Main method of the Console application that I’m working on, I make a call to both. 1: static void Main(string[] args) 2: { 3: // set lower and upper limits 4: int lowerLimit = 1; 5: int upperLimit = 20; 6: // call the methods 7: Console.WriteLine("Calling Linq() method"); 8: Linq(lowerLimit, upperLimit); 9: 10: Console.WriteLine(); 11: Console.WriteLine("Calling Plinq() method"); 12: Plinq(lowerLimit, upperLimit); 13:  14: Console.ReadLine(); // just so I get enough time to read the output 15: } YMMV, but here are the results that I got:    It’s quite obvious from the above results that the Plinq() method is taking considerably less time than the Linq() version. I’m sure you’ve already noticed that the output of the Plinq() method is not in order. That’s because, each of the ‘control’s we sent to fetch the results, reported with values as and when they obtained them. This is something about parallel LINQ that one needs to remember – the collection cannot be guaranteed to be undisturbed. This could be counted as a negative about PLINQ (emphasize ‘could’). Nevertheless, if we want the collection to be sorted, we can use a SortedSet (.net 4.0) or build our own custom ‘sorter’. Either way we go, there’s a good chance we’ll end up with a better performance using PLINQ. And there’s another negative of PLINQ (depending on how you see it). This is regarding the CPU cycles. See the usage for Linq() method (used ResourceMonitor): I have dual CPU’s and see the height of the peak in the bottom two blocks and now compare to what happens when I run the Plinq() method. The difference is obvious. Higher usage, but for a shorter duration (width of the peak). Both these points make sense in both cases. Linq() runs for a longer time, but uses less resources whereas Plinq() runs for a shorter time and consumes more resources. Even after knowing all these, I’m still inclined towards PLINQ. PLINQ rocks! (no hard feelings LINQ)

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