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  • How to script a reinstall (apt repo's and installed packages)

    - by Kurtosis
    I need to wipe my hard drive and reinstall Ubuntu. /home is on a separate partition, so I can back that up to a backup drive, then copy it back to the wiped drive, install ubuntu, and point it at the existing /home, no problem. However, I also want to script a reinstall of all my apt repo's and the packages I currently have installed, so I don't have to waste hours doing that manually. Anyone know a good way to do this? PS - At least, I'm pretty sure I have to wipe the drive. Need to install Windows 7, and only have an HP system restore disk that formats the whole drive, and not a legit Windows 7 install disk that lets me install on a single partition. If somebody know a way to trick the system restore disk to install only to a single partition, I'd love to hear it.

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  • does not boot after install, my troubleshooting and google fu have failed me

    - by chris
    I can only get an install to "stick" if I use shred to zerofill my drive first. Otherwise, when I install ubuntu or lubuntu 12.04, I will get "grub rescue: out of disk". With the aforementioned (completely default) install on top of a zerofilled drive, then rebooting after installing updates will tell me there is no operating system. I don't even get to grub. Installing on top of the failed install, while choosing "erase ubuntu 12.04 and reinstall", I get the grub rescue: out of disk error. The hard drive has been repeatedly tested and does not have any read or write errors. I've used check disk for errors on the pen drive I'm installing from and it comes up clean as well. The system is an inspiron 6000, with 1gb ram and a 250 gb hard drive. I'm typing this from a live cd on the same machine. What gives?

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  • Fast Track Data Warehouse 3.0 Reference Guide

    - by jchang
    Microsoft just release Fast Track Data Warehouse 3.0 Reference Guide version. The new changes are increased memory recommendation and the disks per RAID group change from 2-disk RAID 1 to 4-Disk RAID 10. Memory The earlier FTDW reference architecture cited 4GB memory per core. There was no rational behind this, but it was felt some rule was better than no rule. The new FTDW RG correctly cites the rational that more memory helps keep hash join intermediate results and sort operations in memory. 4-Disk...(read more)

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  • GRUB is not Booting Correctly

    - by msknapp
    I have a PC with three hard disks. Windows 7 is installed on the first, Ubuntu 14.04 is installed on the third. After I re-booted, it went straight to Windows 7. So I tried explicitly telling my PC to boot using the third hard disk, but that just takes me to the grub rescue prompt. I followed Scott Severence's instructions here to try and recover. Essentially, I updated grub, reinstalled grub, and then updated it again. After re-booting, absolutely nothing had changed. So instead I tried using the boot-repair tool. In the past it had failed for me, saying that I had programs running and it could not unmount drives, when I was running nothing. I never figured out how to solve that problem, but it went away when I bought another hard drive and used that for my Ubuntu installation, I don't know why. In any case, I ran the boot-repair tool and this time it said it was successful. First time for everything right? I re-booted, only to be taken straight to the grub rescue prompt. So I changed my BIOS settings to use the third hard disk for boot start up. That is the same hard drive where I have Ubuntu and grub installed, and the same one that the grub-repair tool told me to use. It still took me straight to the grub rescue prompt. So I went from not being able to boot Ubuntu, to not being able to boot either OS installed on my system. Thanks boot-repair! Boot repair gave me this URL for future troubleshooting: http://paste.ubuntu.com/8131669 When I try to boot from the third hard disk, this is my console: Loading Operating System ... error: attempt to read or write outside of disk 'hd0'. Entering rescue mode... grub rescue> grub rescue> set cmdpath=(hd0) prefix=(hd0,gpt2)/boot/grub root=hd0,gpt2 grub rescue> ls (hd0) (hd0,gpt3) (hd0,gpt2) (hd0,gpt1) (hd1) (hd2) (hd2,gpt2) (hd2,gpt1) (hd3) Those values look correct to me. I have also experimented with changing some of those values, but 'insmod normal' always throws the same error. Somebody please tell me how to fix this. I have tried everything, reinstalling grub, and running boot-repair. =========================== Update: I think the problem might be that the ubuntu installer did not partition my hard disk correctly. I booted from live USB and then launched gparted and looked at how it partitioned things. This is what gparted says: Partition, File System, Size, Used, Unused, Flags /dev/sda1 (!), unknown, 1.00 MiB, ---, ---, bios_grub /dev/sda2, ext4, 2.71 TiB, 47.30 GiB, 2.67 TiB, /dev/sda3, linux-swap, 16.00 GiB, 0.00 B, 16.00 GiB, So that first line looks problematic. It is supposed to be the /boot partition. However, it was given only 1 MiB? I am assuming that MiB is actually supposed to mean megabyte, no idea why that 'i' is there. It also says the file system is unknown. I read the answer by andrew here, and he says he had to do a custom install, explicitly configuring the boot partition. So I think that maybe Ubuntu's installer has a bug in it, where it does not set up the boot partition correctly if you are not installing on the first hard disk in your computer. I am going to try reinstalling with a custom partition scheme. I read elsewhere (askubuntu won't let me post another link) that I don't even need a /boot partition any more. So instead of following Andrew's instructions ver batim, I'm first going to try having just two partitions: one for /, and another for my 16GB swap space. Both as primary partitions. The first will be formatted as ext4. If that doesn't work, I may try again using /boot. ======================== So I did my custom install with no /boot partition, and it did not work. When I rebooted, I had an error message saying that some address did not exist. So for the hundredth time, I booted from the live USB, and ran boot-repair. Now I get this message GPT detected. Please create a BIOS-Boot partition (>1MB, unformatted filesystem, bios_grub flag). This can be performed via tools such as Gparted. Then try again. I feel like I'm running in circles and nobody will help me.

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  • Ubuntu Server Installer does not detect usb device

    - by Peter
    For some time now I am struggling with the 12.04 Ubuntu Server installer. I am trying to execute a clean, CD based install with the mentioned version onto an SD card. For the sake of the simplicity I have taken out the HDD. However, I had to recognise that the "disk detection" phase simply can not find the SDCARD. It says "No disk drive was detected. If you know the name of the driver needed by your disk drive, you can select from the list." What is really strange that I have tried the older Ubuntu Server installer (11.04) and this is simply recognising the sdcard... Does anyone have any idea? Many thanks, Peter

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  • Failure to start grub with Wubi

    - by Marco Ceppi
    My laptop battery ran down and died while using Ubuntu 10.04 with Wubi. Upon recharge (and restart) selecting Ubuntu from the Windows Boot menu brings me to the typical prompt which says (and I paraphrase): Trying hd(0,0) on Disk... After that the screen flickers to white (for a split second) then black. No grub menu comes up (as I would expect) no cursor, no grub sh prompt. Nothing. I've tried switching TTYs to no avail. As there are no logs, I can't trouble shoot anything. I've run a check disk from windows (on the NTFS partition the root.disk is stored) with no luck. What is causing this failure to load grub (and, by association Ubuntu) - How can I restore my setup and get Ubuntu via Wubi working?

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  • GRUB not showing /dev/sda2 is Windows 7 Loader

    - by Ricardo
    A few days ago I accidentally deleted Ubuntu partition using GParted. I thought Windows 7 would start normally, but I got a "grub-rescue" screen instead. Then, I recreated a partition for Ubuntu (/dev/sda6) and reinstalled it. Ubuntu starts properly now; but GRUB shows me /dev/sda2 is Windows Recovery System (WRS), what is false, since /dev/sda1 is WRS and /dev/sda2 is Windows 7 Loader. I booted using Windows 7 disk and tried to correct this problem automatically and by bootrec.exe /fixboot and /fixmbr, and nothing is able to fix my problem. Yet, Windows (disk) says there is no OS in my computer. What should I do? Will I have to erase my hard disk to get Windows 7 back?

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  • grub rescue: grub not installed

    - by linda8
    I tried to install beside my windows 7. It didn't work. After installing it could not find the root directory and I got some other error messages... I just wanted my computer to be faster again so instead I decided to reinstall windows from recovery disk. It formatted the disk and installed windows again. The hard-disk has msdos structure now and the ubuntu partition is empty When I start up the computer grab is starting up an I get a grab rescue problem, but grab is no longer installed. How can I boot directly into windows? i can boot Ubuntu from an usb stick but I'm not able to install it anymore. I just want windows to work again... I'm hoping for advice... Linda

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  • Changing read-write permissions on my external Seagate hard drive

    - by Anthony_JKenn
    I have an external hard drive (Seagate Free Agent) that I normally download files to. I have a dual boot Ubuntu 11.10 along with Windows 7-64 bit. I can read all of my files in my external HD perfectly, but when I attempt to do a download of a file to this drive, I get an "unable to write because of read only" disk error. When I attempt to change the permissions of the disk through the "Properties" bar, I still get an error that I don't have the proper permissions to change permissions. I have heard of "mounting" the disk, but I am afraid of mistakenly reformatting and destroying all the data that I have currently on that drive. How best should I safely change the permissions on that drive so that I can write and download files to the drive?? The drive is listed under /dev/sdc1.

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  • "BAD idea" warning when trying to recover Grub, after Windows removed it

    - by Shazzner
    Tried sudo grub-install on sda1 but it complained about being a BAD IDEA. I had to install windows for a work related issue so I used a separate disk (I had used it for ubuntu on this computer, but bought a bigger disk so installed ubuntu on that and left the old one in in case I needed an old file). Windows installed fine but overwrote Grub. So if I choose the Ubuntu disk to boot first in BIOS I get a blank screen. I googled and followed this advice: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows However, when I get down to this section: sudo grub-install --root-directory=/media/0d104aff-ec8c-44c8-b811-92b993823444 /dev/sda1 I get this: Attempting to install GRUB to a partition instead of the MBR. This is a BAD idea… --recheck does nothing. Any ideas?

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  • Why can't I mount the Ubuntu 12.04 installer ISOs in Mac OS X?

    - by eric
    Over the past few days, I have downloaded both the 32 and 64 bit version of server and desktop to install on an Intel based PC. It is normal from within OS X to double click on an ISO and it will mount the ISO in the finder as well as within disk utility. When I attempt to mount any of the Ubuntu ISOs I downloaded, OS X returns the error message The following disk images couldn't be opened. The reason given for the error is no mountable filesystem. However, I am still able to open the ISO directly from disk utility and burn it to a DVD/CD. What has changed in this release to cause this? Is there something wrong with the current ISOs? The OS X machine I am using is only two weeks old and is having no issues with any other ISO.

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  • Usb boot device totally unable to be formatted

    - by fuqda
    I'm really upset by now, I've been trying 2hours straight to format a stupid usb drive (I'm new to ubuntu and I dont know if I will last long at this rate) Basically this was the lubuntu boot usb key I tried to remove files with sudo rm I tried to format disk with disk utility I tried to format disk with gparted (with unmounting beforehand) NOTHING WORKS. I cant delete a file. I cant move a file to the usb key. I cant do anything. This is really infuriating.. I dont know what to do ? here are some gparted errors while trying to format to fat32 after unmounting error fsyncing/closing/dev/sdb: input/output error input/output error during write on /dev/sdb when I try to remove by hand, it says "read-only file"

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  • Remove drive partitions before Installing 12.04?

    - by newbie
    I have an old box and want to switch to Ubuntu 12.04. It has two hard drives. The first is a 40 gig disk that runs Windows XP; the other is 80 gigs partitioned into 40, 20, and 20 gigs. I am prepared to abandon Windows altogether and everything stored on the drives. So my question is, do I just install from CD/DVD onto the C drive? Or onto one of the partitions in the other disk first and then uninstall Windows? What will happen to the partitions on the second disk, which I don't particularly see a need for? Thanks in advance for any advice.

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  • updating from 8.04 to a newer version?

    - by user175802
    I have an old system. It doesn't have a DVD drive, and I think the cd drive is a bit wonky. The only disk that I have been able to get to install is an old (official) 8.04 Kubuntu disk. No disk that I've burned on a few systems works. They check out, but they don't seem to survive the install (another issue). I thought once I got a version on that I could update over the web, but no luck. It appears EOL. No updates seem to be available, or software to install. Is there a way? I'd like to get it to as new a version as possible. The next step would be to pull the drive and get a new one, but I'd rather not.

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  • Wrong EFI System Partition GUID?

    - by artificer
    On a new GPT initialized disk (second PC disk) I created a FAT32 partition using gparted. I want to use it as an EFI System Partition so I flagged it as boot. After that I checked the UUID using the gparted “partition information” option and it reported: 09B1-97A5. As far as I understand it should be C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B. I also checked my running operative system disk (Ubuntu 14) and found that Gparted reports EB78-9AD2 for my actual boot partition UUID. What exactly is gparted reporting as UUID on my EFI system partition and why it doesn’t match with the expected C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B ID?

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  • directory with 980MB meta data, millions of files, how to delete it? (ext3)

    - by Alexandre
    Hello, So I'm stuck with this directory: drwxrwxrwx 2 dan users 980M 2010-12-22 18:38 sessions2 The directories contents is small - just millions of tiny little files. I want to wipe it from the filesystem but have been unable to. My first try was: find sessions2 -type f -delete and find sessions2 -type f -print0 | xargs -0 rm -f but had to stop because both caused escalating memory usage. At one point it was using 65% of the system's memory. So I thought (no doubt incorrectly), that it had to do with the fact that dir_index was enabled on the system. Perhaps find was trying to read the entire index into memory? So I did this (foolishly): tune2fs -O^dir_index /dev/xxx Alright, so that should do it. Ran the find command above again and... same thing. Crazy memory usage. I hurriedly ran tune2fs -Odir_index /dev/xxx to reenable dir_index, and ran to Server Fault! 2 questions: 1) How do I get rid of this directory on my live system? I don't care how long it takes, as long as it uses little memory and little CPU. By the way, using nice find ... I was able to reduce CPU usage, so my problem right now is only memory usage. 2) I disabled dir_index for about 20 minutes. No doubt new files were written to the filesystem in the meanwhile. I reenabled dir_index. Does that mean the system will not find the files that were written before dir_index was reenabled since their filenames will be missing from the old indexes? If so and I know these new files aren't important, can I maintain the old indexes? If not, how do I rebuild the indexes? Can it be done on a live system? Thanks!

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  • Representing server state with a metric

    - by Sal
    I'm using Microsoft's Performance Monitor to dump logs of RAM, CPU, network, and disk usage from multiple servers. I'd like to get a single metric that captures the state of a given variable to a good extent. For instance, disk usage is pretty stable, so if I take a single reading that says I have 50% remaining disk space, that reading will give me an accurate measure for the day. (The servers aren't doing heavy IO writing.) However, the tricky part here is monitoring CPU and network usage. The logs currently dump the % CPU usage every ten seconds. If I take a straight average of the numbers, it may not represent reality, as % CPU will be much lower during the night than day. (We host websites that sell appliance items.) I'd like to get an average over a span during peak hours (about 5 hours in the day) and present a daily peak hour metric. Of course, there are most likely some readings that will come in as overly spiked (if multiple users pinged the server at once) or no use (a momentary idle state). Is there a standard distribution/test industries use in these situation?

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  • Excel chart with year-to-year comparison

    - by Craig
    Given this data: Date Year Month Usage (Kw-h) Cost/Month 02/19/08 2008 2 501 59.13 03/18/08 2008 3 404 48.49 04/16/08 2008 4 387 45.67 05/22/08 2008 5 319 37.85 06/23/08 2008 6 363 43.81 07/23/08 2008 7 372 48.86 08/21/08 2008 8 435 59.74 09/23/08 2008 9 358 49.9 10/16/08 2008 10 313 42.01 11/20/08 2008 11 328 39.99 12/16/08 2008 12 374 44.7 01/20/09 2009 1 474 55.35 02/19/09 2009 2 444 52.85 03/19/09 2009 3 398 49.25 04/17/09 2009 4 403 51.05 05/19/09 2009 5 405 49.61 06/18/09 2009 6 373 45.18 07/20/09 2009 7 337 44.67 08/18/09 2009 8 369 50.73 09/17/09 2009 9 377 52.36 10/16/09 2009 10 309 43.4 11/17/09 2009 11 249 34.14 12/16/09 2009 12 327 41.79 01/20/10 2010 1 356 45.66 I would like to produce a report that displays a Usage (Kw-h) line for each year. Features: Y axis: Usage (Kw-h) X axis: Month Line 0..n: lines representing each year's monthly Usage (Kw-h) Bonus points: instead of a line for each year, each month would have a high-low-close (HLC) bar; 'close' would be replaced by the average second Y axis and HLC bar that represents cost/month Questions: Can this be done without a Pivot table? Do I need to have the Year and Month column or can Excel automatically determine this? Current chart:

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  • CLI package to replace Plesk

    - by dotancohen
    Myself and another programmer are tasked with maintaining a few webservers. I prefer CLI tools, she prefers Plesk. However, I am adamant about not installing Plesk for quite a few reasons. I have written a small Python script for adding new domains, and now I am about to add the ability to configure email addresses while abstracting the details of Postfix from her. Before I go that route, I have googled to see if anything already exists, and am surprised that I have come up with nothing! Are there any mature, stable "control panels" or "server admin" tools like Plesk, but which are accessed via the CLI over SSH? I am looking for the following features: Add / remove / configure domains served by Apache. Add / remove / configure email boxes and mail groups. Add / remove MySQL databases, users, and configure users to databases. Provide basic monitoring of "server health", that is: memory usage, disk usage, CPU usage, bandwidth usage. Possibly set up STFP accounts so that only specific FTP users could access specific /var/www/someSite/ directories. Note that I was unsure if this question is OT for ServerFault. As per the ServerFault about page (There seems to be no more FAQ) this question meets two of the "ask about" criterion and zero of the "don't ask about" with the possible exception of being opinion-based. Therefore, to keep on-topic, I would like to know about the available applications but we should be subjective and less opinionated. Thank you!

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  • Gigabit network limited to 25MB/s by CPU. How to make it faster?

    - by netvope
    I have a Acer Aspire R1600-U910H with a nForce gigabit network adapter. The maximum TCP throughput of it is about 25MB/s, and apparently it is limited by the single core Intel Atom 230; when the maximum throughput is reached, the CPU usage is about 50%-60%, which corresponds to full utilization considering this is a Hyper-threading enabled CPU. The same problem occurs on both Windows XP and on Ubuntu 8.04. On Windows, I have installed the latest nForce chipset driver, disabled power saving features, and enabled checksum offload. On Linux, the default driver has checksum offload enabled. There is no Linux driver available on Nvidia's website. ethtool -k eth0 shows that checksum offload is enabled: Offload parameters for eth0: rx-checksumming: on tx-checksumming: on scatter-gather: on tcp segmentation offload: on udp fragmentation offload: off generic segmentation offload: off The following is the output of powertop when the network is idle: Wakeups-from-idle per second : 61.9 interval: 10.0s no ACPI power usage estimate available Top causes for wakeups: 90.9% (101.3) <interrupt> : eth0 4.5% ( 5.0) iftop : schedule_timeout (process_timeout) 1.8% ( 2.0) <kernel core> : clocksource_register (clocksource_watchdog) 0.9% ( 1.0) dhcdbd : schedule_timeout (process_timeout) 0.5% ( 0.6) <kernel core> : neigh_table_init_no_netlink (neigh_periodic_timer) And when the maximum throughput of about 25MB/s is reached: Wakeups-from-idle per second : 11175.5 interval: 10.0s no ACPI power usage estimate available Top causes for wakeups: 99.9% (22097.4) <interrupt> : eth0 0.0% ( 5.0) iftop : schedule_timeout (process_timeout) 0.0% ( 2.0) <kernel core> : clocksource_register (clocksource_watchdog) 0.0% ( 1.0) dhcdbd : schedule_timeout (process_timeout) 0.0% ( 0.6) <kernel core> : neigh_table_init_no_netlink (neigh_periodic_timer) Notice the 20000 interrupts per second. Could this be the cause for the high CPU usage and low throughput? If so, how can I improve the situation? The other computers in the network can usually transfer at 50+MB/s without problems. And a minor question: How can I find out what is the driver in use for eth0?

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  • Apache using 100% CPU, once again

    - by CBenni
    Recently, apache2 started using 100% of CPU power: top gives me From other, similar threads, I took the tip to use mod_status. Aside from HUGE amounts of NULL requests, it gives: CPU Usage: u2.16 s1.32 cu0 cs0 - .0835% CPU load 1.2 requests/sec - 17.6 kB/second - 14.6 kB/request 8 requests currently being processed, 42 idle workers The access and error logs do not show anything surprising or intriguing at all. Note the .8% CPU usage. Another tip was to use strace: root@server:~# strace -p 1956 Process 1956 attached - interrupt to quit restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted call ...> And remains like this for at least half an hour, without producing any additional output. Restarting apache fixed the problem for less than a second The server runs a few custom python scripts aswell as a django-powered website on apache2 (up-to-date), but even turning the scripts off (or not having them active in the first place) did not change anything. After I stopped apache and powered my server off, powered it on a few minutes afterwards and restarted all my services, the CPU usage remained low for several hours, just in order to pop up again randomly (?) The DigitalOcean CPU stats on my server are: You can see how the CPU usage was super high for almost half a day until I restarted the bot - just to remain stable for several hours and then pop up again. I am completely at a loss of words and don't know what I could do to find out what piece of my code is giving me these problems or if apache itself is the cause... Therefore I would greatly appreciate any hints to the questions: What else can I try to do? Which things might I not have checked? Is this definitely in my own code? How do you find what part of python code crashes an app via a infinite loop or similar?

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  • Debian 100% cpu every 30 minutes but not loggable?

    - by user654123
    I have a Debian 7 x64 machine running with Digital Ocean that has every 30 Minutes a 100% cpu usage for about 1 minute. A couple of days ago it stayed there for a couple of hours so the server finally crashed and I had to repair my Mysql databases. The server is a pure webserver running apache2 and Mysql. I tried tracing which processes use the cpu but with no luck. The script I used: #!/bin/sh while true; do ps -A -eo pcpu,pid,user,args | sort -k 1 -r | head -3 >> proclog.txt; echo "\n" >> proclog.txt; sleep 2; done I was monitoring htop as well while this was happening, but the top processess' cpu usage didn't add up to ~15% even though htop's cpu meter showed constant 100%. htop was configured to show all users' processess, user- and kernel-threads. Edit: By stopping Apache2 & Mysql prior to the expected 100% usage I can tell both are not responsible for it. The 100% usage occurred anyway. This is what the graph looked like the past hours:

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  • SSH & SFTP: Should I assign one port to each user to facilitate bandwidth monitoring?

    - by BertS
    There is no easy way to track real-time per-user bandwidth usage for SSH and SFTP. I think assigning one port to each user may help. Idea of implementation Use case Bob, with UID 1001, shall connect on port 31001. Alice, with UID 1002, shall connect on port 31002. John, with UID 1003, shall connect on port 31003. (I do not want to lauch several sshd instances as proposed in question 247291.) 1. Setup for SFTP: In /etc/ssh/sshd_config: Port 31001 Port 31002 Port 31003 Subsystem sftp /usr/bin/sftp-wrapper.sh The file sftp-wrapper.sh starts the sftp server only if the port is the correct one: #!/bin/sh mandatory_port=3`id -u` current_port=`echo $SSH_CONNECTION | awk '{print $4}'` if [ $mandatory_port -eq $current_port ] then exec /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server fi 2. Additional setup for SSH: A few lines in /etc/profile prevents the user from connecting on the wrong port: if [ -n "$SSH_CONNECTION" ] then mandatory_port=3`id -u` current_port=`echo $SSH_CONNECTION | awk '{print $4}'` if [ $mandatory_port -ne $current_port ] then echo "Please connect on port $mandatory_port." exit 1 fi fi Benefits Now it should be easy to monitor per-user bandwidth usage. A Rrdtool-based application could produce charts like this: I know this won't be a perfect calculation of the bandwidth usage: for example, if somebody launches a bruteforce attack on port 31001, there will be a lot of traffic on this port although not from Bob. But this is not a problem to me: I do not need an exact computation of per-user bandwidth usage, but an indicator that is approximately correct in standard situations. Questions Is the idea of assigning one port for each user is a good one? Is the proposed setup an reliable one? If I have to open dozens of ports for many users, should I expect a performance drawback? Do you know a rrdtool-based application which could make the chart above?

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  • Help with Java Program for Prime numbers

    - by Ben
    Hello everyone, I was wondering if you can help me with this program. I have been struggling with it for hours and have just trashed my code because the TA doesn't like how I executed it. I am completely hopeless and if anyone can help me out step by step, I would greatly appreciate it. In this project you will write a Java program that reads a positive integer n from standard input, then prints out the first n prime numbers. We say that an integer m is divisible by a non-zero integer d if there exists an integer k such that m = k d , i.e. if d divides evenly into m. Equivalently, m is divisible by d if the remainder of m upon (integer) division by d is zero. We would also express this by saying that d is a divisor of m. A positive integer p is called prime if its only positive divisors are 1 and p. The one exception to this rule is the number 1 itself, which is considered to be non-prime. A positive integer that is not prime is called composite. Euclid showed that there are infinitely many prime numbers. The prime and composite sequences begin as follows: Primes: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, … Composites: 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, … There are many ways to test a number for primality, but perhaps the simplest is to simply do trial divisions. Begin by dividing m by 2, and if it divides evenly, then m is not prime. Otherwise, divide by 3, then 4, then 5, etc. If at any point m is found to be divisible by a number d in the range 2 d m-1, then halt, and conclude that m is composite. Otherwise, conclude that m is prime. A moment’s thought shows that one need not do any trial divisions by numbers d which are themselves composite. For instance, if a trial division by 2 fails (i.e. has non-zero remainder, so m is odd), then a trial division by 4, 6, or 8, or any even number, must also fail. Thus to test a number m for primality, one need only do trial divisions by prime numbers less than m. Furthermore, it is not necessary to go all the way up to m-1. One need only do trial divisions of m by primes p in the range 2 p m . To see this, suppose m 1 is composite. Then there exist positive integers a and b such that 1 < a < m, 1 < b < m, and m = ab . But if both a m and b m , then ab m, contradicting that m = ab . Hence one of a or b must be less than or equal to m . To implement this process in java you will write a function called isPrime() with the following signature: static boolean isPrime(int m, int[] P) This function will return true or false according to whether m is prime or composite. The array argument P will contain a sufficient number of primes to do the testing. Specifically, at the time isPrime() is called, array P must contain (at least) all primes p in the range 2 p m . For instance, to test m = 53 for primality, one must do successive trial divisions by 2, 3, 5, and 7. We go no further since 11 53 . Thus a precondition for the function call isPrime(53, P) is that P[0] = 2 , P[1] = 3 , P[2] = 5, and P[3] = 7 . The return value in this case would be true since all these divisions fail. Similarly to test m =143 , one must do trial divisions by 2, 3, 5, 7, and 11 (since 13 143 ). The precondition for the function call isPrime(143, P) is therefore P[0] = 2 , P[1] = 3 , P[2] = 5, P[3] = 7 , and P[4] =11. The return value in this case would be false since 11 divides 143. Function isPrime() should contain a loop that steps through array P, doing trial divisions. This loop should terminate when 2 either a trial division succeeds, in which case false is returned, or until the next prime in P is greater than m , in which case true is returned. Function main() in this project will read the command line argument n, allocate an int array of length n, fill the array with primes, then print the contents of the array to stdout according to the format described below. In the context of function main(), we will refer to this array as Primes[]. Thus array Primes[] plays a dual role in this project. On the one hand, it is used to collect, store, and print the output data. On the other hand, it is passed to function isPrime() to test new integers for primality. Whenever isPrime() returns true, the newly discovered prime will be placed at the appropriate position in array Primes[]. This process works since, as explained above, the primes needed to test an integer m range only up to m , and all of these primes (and more) will already be stored in array Primes[] when m is tested. Of course it will be necessary to initialize Primes[0] = 2 manually, then proceed to test 3, 4, … for primality using function isPrime(). The following is an outline of the steps to be performed in function main(). • Check that the user supplied exactly one command line argument which can be interpreted as a positive integer n. If the command line argument is not a single positive integer, your program will print a usage message as specified in the examples below, then exit. • Allocate array Primes[] of length n and initialize Primes[0] = 2 . • Enter a loop which will discover subsequent primes and store them as Primes[1] , Primes[2], Primes[3] , ……, Primes[n -1] . This loop should contain an inner loop which walks through successive integers and tests them for primality by calling function isPrime() with appropriate arguments. • Print the contents of array Primes[] to stdout, 10 to a line separated by single spaces. In other words Primes[0] through Primes[9] will go on line 1, Primes[10] though Primes[19] will go on line 2, and so on. Note that if n is not a multiple of 10, then the last line of output will contain fewer than 10 primes. Your program, which will be called Prime.java, will produce output identical to that of the sample runs below. (As usual % signifies the unix prompt.) % java Prime Usage: java Prime [PositiveInteger] % java Prime xyz Usage: java Prime [PositiveInteger] % java Prime 10 20 Usage: java Prime [PositiveInteger] % java Prime 75 2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 59 61 67 71 73 79 83 89 97 101 103 107 109 113 127 131 137 139 149 151 157 163 167 173 179 181 191 193 197 199 211 223 227 229 233 239 241 251 257 263 269 271 277 281 283 293 307 311 313 317 331 337 347 349 353 359 367 373 379 % 3 As you can see, inappropriate command line argument(s) generate a usage message which is similar to that of many unix commands. (Try doing the more command with no arguments to see such a message.) Your program will include a function called Usage() having signature static void Usage() that prints this message to stderr, then exits. Thus your program will contain three functions in all: main(), isPrime(), and Usage(). Each should be preceded by a comment block giving it’s name, a short description of it’s operation, and any necessary preconditions (such as those for isPrime().) See examples on the webpage.

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  • When I shutdown the computer, it restarts

    - by Prabu
    I am unable to shutdown. Whenever I try to shutdown, it reboots. I am running Ubuntu 12.10. I have run the boot-repair and this is the result: Boot Info Script 0.61.full + Boot-Repair extra info [Boot-Info November 20th 2012] ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => Grub2 (v2.00) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks in partition 1 for (,msdos1)/boot/grub. sda1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 12.10 Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img sda2: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sda5: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: ============================ Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sda1 * 2,048 1,936,809,983 1,936,807,936 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1,936,812,030 1,953,523,711 16,711,682 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1,936,812,032 1,953,523,711 16,711,680 82 Linux swap / Solaris "blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/loop0 squashfs /dev/sda1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa ext4 /dev/sda5 6c6dca25-ab67-4de4-8602-26fdb6154781 swap /dev/sr0 iso9660 Ubuntu 12.10 amd64 ================================ Mount points: ================================= Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/loop0 /rofs squashfs (ro,noatime) /dev/sr0 /cdrom iso9660 (ro,noatime) =========================== sda1/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then menuentry_id_option="--id" else menuentry_id_option="" fi export menuentry_id_option if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then insmod all_video else insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod ieee1275_fb insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus fi } if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then font=unicode else insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2" fi if loadfont $font ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm set locale_dir=$prefix/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=10 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="${1}" if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "${linux_gfx_mode}" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa' { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa ro quiet splash acpi=force $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic } submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa' { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-19-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.5.0-19-generic-advanced-229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa' { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.0-19-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa ro quiet splash acpi=force $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-19-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.5.0-19-generic-recovery-229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa' { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.0-19-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-17-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.5.0-17-generic-advanced-229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa' { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.0-17-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic root=UUID=229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa ro quiet splash acpi=force $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-17-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.5.0-17-generic-recovery-229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa' { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.0-17-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic root=UUID=229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =============================== sda1/etc/fstab: ================================ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=6c6dca25-ab67-4de4-8602-26fdb6154781 none swap sw 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =================== sda1: Location of files loaded by Grub: ==================== GiB - GB File Fragment(s) 200.155235291 = 214.915047424 boot/grub/grub.cfg 1 40.280788422 = 43.251167232 boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic 1 2.468288422 = 2.650304512 boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic 1 200.149234772 = 214.908604416 boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic 1 1.990135193 = 2.136891392 boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic 1 2.468288422 = 2.650304512 initrd.img 1 1.990135193 = 2.136891392 vmlinuz 1 1.990135193 = 2.136891392 vmlinuz.old 1 =============================== StdErr Messages: =============================== cat: write error: Broken pipe File descriptor 8 (/proc/6297/mounts) leaked on lvscan invocation. Parent PID 13390: bash No volume groups found ADDITIONAL INFORMATION : =================== log of boot-repair 2012-12-17__01h53 =================== boot-repair version : 3.197~ppa1~quantal boot-sav version : 3.197~ppa1~quantal glade2script version : 3.2.2~ppa45~quantal boot-sav-extra version : 3.197~ppa1~quantal boot-repair is executed in live-session (Ubuntu 12.10, quantal, Ubuntu, x86_64) CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd.lz quiet splash -- maybe-ubiquity =================== os-prober: /dev/sda1:Ubuntu 12.10 (12.10):Ubuntu:linux =================== blkid: /dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/sr0: LABEL="Ubuntu 12.10 amd64" TYPE="iso9660" /dev/sda1: UUID="229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda5: UUID="6c6dca25-ab67-4de4-8602-26fdb6154781" TYPE="swap" 1 disks with OS, 1 OS : 1 Linux, 0 MacOS, 0 Windows, 0 unknown type OS. Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. =================== sda1/etc/default/grub : # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg. # For full documentation of the options in this file, see: # info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration' GRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi=force" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" # Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs # This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains # the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...) #GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef" # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only) #GRUB_TERMINAL=console # The resolution used on graphical terminal # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo' #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries #GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true" # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1" =================== sda1/etc/grub.d/ : drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 17 14:59 grub.d total 72 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7541 Oct 14 17:36 00_header -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5488 Oct 4 09:30 05_debian_theme -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10891 Oct 14 17:36 10_linux -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10258 Oct 14 17:36 20_linux_xen -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1688 Oct 11 14:10 20_memtest86+ -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10976 Oct 14 17:36 30_os-prober -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1426 Oct 14 17:36 30_uefi-firmware -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Oct 14 17:36 40_custom -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 216 Oct 14 17:36 41_custom -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 483 Oct 14 17:36 README =================== UEFI/Legacy mode: This live-session is not in EFI-mode. SecureBoot maybe enabled. =================== PARTITIONS & DISKS: sda1 : sda, not-sepboot, grubenv-ok grub2, grub-pc , update-grub, 64, with-boot, is-os, not--efi--part, fstab-without-boot, fstab-without-efi, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, apt-get, grub-install, with--usr, fstab-without-usr, not-sep-usr, standard, farbios, /mnt/boot-sav/sda1. sda : not-GPT, BIOSboot-not-needed, has-no-EFIpart, not-usb, has-os, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes =================== parted -l: Model: ATA ST1000DM003-1CH1 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 992GB 992GB primary ext4 boot 2 992GB 1000GB 8556MB extended 5 992GB 1000GB 8556MB logical linux-swap(v1) Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. Error: Can't have a partition outside the disk! =================== parted -lm: BYT; /dev/sda:1000GB:scsi:512:4096:msdos:ATA ST1000DM003-1CH1; 1:1049kB:992GB:992GB:ext4::boot; 2:992GB:1000GB:8556MB:::; 5:992GB:1000GB:8556MB:linux-swap(v1)::; Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. Error: Can't have a partition outside the disk! =================== mount: /cow on / type overlayfs (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755) /dev/sr0 on /cdrom type iso9660 (ro,noatime) /dev/loop0 on /rofs type squashfs (ro,noatime) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880) none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755) gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/ubuntu/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=ubuntu) /dev/sda1 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda1 type ext4 (rw) =================== ls: /sys/block/sda (filtered): alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro sda1 sda2 sda5 size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent /sys/block/sr0 (filtered): alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent /dev (filtered): alarm ashmem autofs binder block bsg btrfs-control bus cdrom cdrw char console core cpu cpu_dma_latency disk dri dvd dvdrw ecryptfs fb0 fd full fuse fw0 hidraw0 hidraw1 hpet input kmsg kvm log mapper mcelog mei mem net network_latency network_throughput null oldmem port ppp psaux ptmx pts random rfkill rtc rtc0 sda sda1 sda2 sda5 sg0 sg1 shm snapshot snd sr0 stderr stdin stdout uinput urandom usb vga_arbiter vhost-net zero ls /dev/mapper: control =================== df -Th: Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /cow overlayfs 3.9G 100M 3.8G 3% / udev devtmpfs 3.9G 12K 3.9G 1% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 864K 1.6G 1% /run /dev/sr0 iso9660 763M 763M 0 100% /cdrom /dev/loop0 squashfs 717M 717M 0 100% /rofs tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 32K 3.9G 1% /tmp none tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock none tmpfs 3.9G 176K 3.9G 1% /run/shm none tmpfs 100M 52K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sda1 ext4 910G 26G 838G 3% /mnt/boot-sav/sda1 =================== fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000da1e9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 1936809983 968403968 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1936812030 1953523711 8355841 5 Extended Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda5 1936812032 1953523711 8355840 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition outside the disk detected. =================== Recommended repair Recommended-Repair This setting will reinstall the grub2 of sda1 into the MBR of sda. Additional repair will be performed: unhide-bootmenu-10s Unhide GRUB boot menu in sda1/etc/default/grub grub-install (GRUB) 2.00-7ubuntu11,grub-install (GRUB) 2. Reinstall the GRUB of sda1 into the MBR of sda Installation finished. No error reported. grub-install /dev/sda: exit code of grub-install /dev/sda:0 chroot /mnt/boot-sav/sda1 update-grub Generating grub.cfg ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin Unhide GRUB boot menu in sda1/boot/grub/grub.cfg Boot successfully repaired. You can now reboot your computer.

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