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• dual boot install--no GRUB

  - by Jim Syyap

  My computer recently had a hardware upgrade and now runs on Windows 7. I decided to install Ubuntu 11.04 as dual boot using the ISO I got from ubuntu.com downloaded onto my USB stick. Restarting with the USB stick, I was able to install Ubuntu 11.04 choosing the option: Install Ubuntu 11.04 side by side with Windows 7 (or something like that). No errors were encountered on installation. However on restarting, there was no GRUB; the system went straight into Windows 7. Looking for answers, I found these: http://essayboard.com/2011/07/12/how-to-dual-boot-ubuntu-11-04-and-windows-7-the-traditional-way-through-grub-2/ http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1774523 Following their instructions, I got: Boot Info Script 0.60 from 17 May 2011 ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda. => Syslinux MBR (3.61-4.03) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb. => Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdc and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,msdos7)/boot/grub on this drive. sda1: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: /grldr /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /grldr sda2: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows 7 Boot files: /Windows/System32/winload.exe sdb1: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: vfat Boot sector type: SYSLINUX 4.02 debian-20101016 ...........>...r>....... ......0...~.k...~...f...M.f.f....f..8~....>2} Boot sector info: Syslinux looks at sector 1437504 of /dev/sdb1 for its second stage. SYSLINUX is installed in the directory. The integrity check of the ADV area failed. According to the info in the boot sector, sdb1 starts at sector 0. But according to the info from fdisk, sdb1 starts at sector 62. Operating System: Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /syslinux/syslinux.cfg /ldlinux.sys sdc1: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows XP Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: sdc2: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdc5: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdc6: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdc7: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 11.04 Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img sdc8: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Going back into Ubuntu and running sudo fdisk -l , I got these: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002f393 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 19458 156185600 7 HPFS/NTFS Disk /dev/sdb: 2011 MB, 2011168768 bytes 62 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1021 cylinders Units = cylinders of 3844 * 512 = 1968128 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000f2ab9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 1 1021 1962331 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000202043392 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121600 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00261ddd Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 * 1 60657 487222656+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sdc2 60657 121600 489527681 5 Extended /dev/sdc5 120563 121600 8337703+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdc6 120073 120562 3930112 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdc7 60657 119584 473328640 83 Linux /dev/sdc8 119584 120072 3923968 82 Linux swap / Solaris Should I proceed and do the following? Assuming Ubuntu 11.04 was installed on device sdb1, do this: sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt Then do this: sudo grub-install--root-directory=/mnt /dev/sdb Notice there are two dashes in front of the root directory, and I'm not using sdb1 but sdb. Since the command in step 15 had reinstalled Grub 2, now we need to unmount the /mnt (i.e. sdb1) to clean up. Do this: sudo umount /mnt Reboot and remove Ubuntu 11.04 CD/DVD from disk tray. Log into Ubuntu 11.04 (you have no choice but it will make you log into Ubuntu 11.04 at this point). Open up a terminal in Ubuntu 11.04 (using real installation, not live CD/DVD). Execute this command: sudo update-grub Reboot the machine.

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• server performance metrics report and practicality

  - by Anjesh

  I have a need of preparing web server (apache-php) performance report containing important metrics like CPU usage, disk io, memory usage on user basis. Couple of domains are hosted in the same server and they run from separate users using fcgi. The reason being sometimes some hosted applications take lots of cpu usage, making the server slow for other applications (running as separate users). i am planning to develop scripts for this, as i can't seem to find any simple utilities for this purpose. This script will take snapshots of the user wise metrics at defined periods say 15 minutes and record it. Any abnormalities will be reported via emails. How practical is that? also would be interesting to know what else need to be recorded.

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• where is the data store when i using google-app-engine on localhost..

  - by zjm1126

  i want to find the data on my disk thanks

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• How to buffer stdout in memory and write it from a dedicated thread

  - by NickB

  I have a C application with many worker threads. It is essential that these do not block so where the worker threads need to write to a file on disk, I have them write to a circular buffer in memory, and then have a dedicated thread for writing that buffer to disk. The worker threads do not block any more. The dedicated thread can safely block while writing to disk without affecting the worker threads (it does not hold a lock while writing to disk). My memory buffer is tuned to be sufficiently large that the writer thread can keep up. This all works great. My question is, how do I implement something similar for stdout? I could macro printf() to write into a memory buffer, but I don't have control over all the code that might write to stdout (some of it is in third-party libraries). Thoughts? NickB

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• grep a rar in cygwin

  - by Tomer

  Hi, I want to do grep texts files inside a rar without extracting the rar file to disk, I tried a couple of combinations with pipes however it didnt work i tried for example unrar e myrar.rar | grep mysearchedline however it actually opened it to disk, I don't want to open it to disk, I don't have enough space for it to be opened (its real big with real big logs). Thanks.

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• What software can I use to get statistics about the programs I use most? [closed]

  - by pinouchon

  I am looking for software that reports statistics about my program usage over time. It should display output something like this (numbers are made up): Program usage today: Youtube (Chrome) 42:10 9.42% NetBeans 30:52 6.33% Google search (Chrome) 12:03 3.20% Windows explorer 5:43 1.54% Putty 2:23 0.89% ? ? ? Features I look for: Advanced statistics: ability to view a chart, to see statistics today, this week, this month. Program usage should be based on the title of the active window. The time where the user is idle shouldn't count. Ability to group some windows title together, for example, I want to group titles as Stack Overflow and * - Stack Overflow together, same thing for every website and explorer windows. Do you know a program that does something similar?

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• performance monitoring

  - by Sunny

  I want to monitor CPU usage, disk read/write usage for a particular process, say ./myprocess. To monitor CPU top command seems to be a nice option and for read and write iotop seems to be a handy one. For example to monitor read/write for every second i use the command iotop -tbod1 | grep "myprocess". My difficulty is I just want only three variables to store, namely read/sec, write/sec, cpu usage/sec. Could you help me with a script that combines the outputs the above said three variables from top and iotop to be stored into a log file? Thanks!

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• What needs updating when moving a bootable Windows 7 (or Vista) partition?

  - by SuperTempel

  When I move a bootable NTFS partition with Windows on it to a different block offset, what needs updating to make it bootable again? In particular, here's what I tried: I have a disk with several partitions, one of which is the NTFS partition with Windows on it, and the disk uses the plain old MBR block 0 for the partitions layout (no more than 4 partitions). Now I format and partition a new, larger, disk. There I make room for the NTFS partition and copy the contents from the old disk's NTFS Windows partition into. And I make the partition "active". However, when I try to boot from this disk, I get a "read error" message immediately and the booting stops, the exact text is: A disk read error occurred Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart I verified that both disks have the same boot sector code in block 0. It seems to me that something else might need updating. I guess that somewhere there's a absolute block reference that I need to update, probably pointing to the next level loader or to the NT kernel. Update: I found this article going quite into the depth of what I want to know. However, it says to modify boot.ini, but I have Windows 7 installed here, where such things appear to have changed: No boot.ini but a folder called System Volume Information with GUID and other data in it that sounds related to my problem. Going to keep digging... Update 2: Thanks to the terrible looking but very informative website by starman, I was able to figure out the first step: The NTFS boot sector has a field for "hidden" sectors. This feld has to contain the sector number of the boot sector. This solves the "read error" message. Now, however, I get a "BOOTMGR is missing" error instead. Looks like there's another place where a block number has to be adjusted, but I can't find anything in the code listing about this. I do find a lot of help sites suggesting Windows tools for fixing this "BOOTMGR is missing" problem, but none seem to know what goes on behind the scenes. Kind of like suggesting to re-install Windows when there's a little problem with it. At least, those fixes seem to work, mostly involving the Bcdedit and Bootrec tools. Now, who knows what they do, especially the latter, in regards to a moved partition? Update 3: After lots of trial-and-error attempts, I believe now that the solution lies in the BCD-Template registry file, residing usually inside \Windows\System32\config. If I get this updated using the "bcdboot" command, Windows starts up from it. I am now in the middle of figuring out what information this registry contains relevant to the above question. Any pointers to the contents of this registry are welcome. Update 4: Turns out that while the BCD-Template file gets rewritten and has different binary contents than its predecessor, the values inside do not change. So it must be something else that bcdboot.exe writes. I had previously already checked if it changes the first 32 boot blocks of the partition, but they appear to remain unchanged. Parititon map doesn't get changed, either. So what is it that bcdboot modifies besides the BCD registry? Any tips on how I can trace that? Are there low level tools that show me what files a program writes to? Update 5: The answer seems to be: c:\Boot\BCD is also changed, and that appears to be the key file for the boot manager's process. I'll investigate this later... Update 6: It seems to be an important detail that I had originally two partitions created when I installed Windows 7: A small partition of 204800 sectors which appears to be a bootstrap partition, followed by the actual, large, partition containing the Windows system (drive C:). When I tried to transfer this installation to a new, larger, disk, I had kept the same two partitions intact on the new drive, although they ended up at a different offset. This alone led to the "BOOTMGR is missing" message. Since then, I've used bcdboot.exe only on the Windows partition, which added the \Boot\BCD file on that partition. That file (and folder) did originally only exist on the smaller partition. Hence, this problem may be more complicated in my case as one partition (the boot strapper) referred to another partition (the one containing the OS), whereas other people may only have to deal with one partition containing both, and maybe there the solution is simpler. Update 7: Found one more detail: The \Boot\BCD file records the MBR's serial number. If that number doesn't match, the system won't boot. Next I'll test if there's also an absolute block reference stored in there.

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• Compressing digitalized document images

  - by Adabada

  Hello, We are now required by law to digitalize all the financial documents in our company and submit them to evaluations every 3 months. Since this is sensitive data we decided to take matters into our own hands and build some sort of digital data archiver. The tool works perfectly, but after 7 months of usage we are begining to worry about the disk space used by these images. Here some info on the amount of documents digitalized: 15K documents scanned and archived per day, with final PNG size of +- 860KB: 15 000 * 860 kilobits = 1.53779984 gigabytes 30 days of work per month: 1.53779984 gigabytes * 30 = 46.1339952 gigabytes Expectation of disk space usage after 1 year: 46.1339952 gigabytes * 12 = 553.607942 gigabytes So far we're at 424 gigabytes of disk space used, without counting backup. We're using PNG as image format, but I would like to know if anyone have any advice on a better compression algorithm for images or alternative strategies for compressing the PNG's even more or even better ways to archive images as to save disk space. Any help would be appreciated, thanks.

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• Apache with mod_perl eating memory when idle

  - by syneticon-dj

  An Apache webserver running a mod_perl application is exposing abnormal memory usage - after the "day load" ceases, the system's memory is being exhausted by the Apache processes and oom_killer is being invoked. As the load returns the following morning, the memory usage normalizes - probably because Apache workers get recycled periodically if a sufficient number of hits is generated: This is the graph for apache hits per second to correlate: The remaining 2 hits per second throughout the night are induced by HAProxy checks - it runs HEAD http://mydomain.example.com/running HTTP/1.0 requests against the server every half a second with "running" being a static file (i.e. not invoking any perl code). It also seems that disabling these checks remedies the memory usage problem, but obviously cannot be a solution. All of 3 similarly configured servers (behind HAProxy) expose this behavior. The running OS is Ubuntu 10.10, Apache version 2.2.16. This seems to be a memory leak but I have no idea how to start debugging it - any hints?

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• High system cpu load (%sys), system locks

  - by Mark

  For the last two weeks we are having intermittent severe spikes in system cpu usage (shown as %sys), which last for maybe half a minute, locking most processes, including ssh. I've been trying to figure this out, but atop doesn't show anything relevant (system usage for processes it shows is insignificant), spikes are intermittent and I could not reproduce the spike using any workload for the web application this webserver hosts. If you have any ideas on how to debug high %sys and (sometimes) %si CPU usage, please share them. System specs (don't know if any of this is relevant): Dedicated server, CentOS 6, core i7 950, consistent 4 to 8 GB RAM free at any time, hard drives are in RAID-1. Additional info: dmesg output doesn't change between spikes /var/log/messages doesn't change between spikes Here is cat /proc/vmstat Here is output of mpstat 1 during a typical spike Add 07.11.11: looks like simple reboot restored system state, and we might never know what caused the disturbance in first place.

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• Script or Application that will do md5 checking

  - by shanghaiguy

  Is there a program, or a script out there that can compare the md5 checksum of files I tried to create my own, but i'm having problems with any files that have a space in them, so I was wondering if it'd be easier to just use an application. md5deep is something I downloaded that returns the checksum. rm md5mastervalue for i in `ls /media/disk`; do md5deep -rb /media/disk/$i >> md5mastervalue; done for d in 1 3 ; do cp -rf /media/disk/ /media/disk-$d & done wait rm md5valuet1 rm md5valuet3 for k in `ls /media/disk` do for f in 1 3; do md5deep -rb /media/disk-$f/$k >> md5valuet$f; done done for n in 1 3; do diff md5mastervalue md5valuet$n; done echo Finished

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• New User of UPK?

  - by [email protected]

  The UPK Developer comes with a variety of manuals to help support your organization in the development and deployment of content. The Developer manuals can be found in the \Documentation\Language Code\Reference folder where the Developer has been installed. As of 3.5.x the documentation can also be accessed via the Start menu, Start\Programs\User Productivity Kit\Documentation\Reference. Content Deployment.pdf: This manual provides information on how to deploy content to your audience. Content Development.pdf: This manual provides information on how to create, maintain, and publish content using the Developer. The content of this manual also appears in the Developer help system. Content Player.pdf: This manual provides instructions on how to view content using the Player. The content of this manual also appears in the Player help system. In-Application Support Guide.pdf: This manual provides information on how implement content-sensitive, in-application support for enterprise applications using Player content. Installation & Administration.pdf: This manual provides instructions for installing the Developer in a single-user or multi-user environment as well as information on how to add and manage users and content in a multi-user installation. An Administration help system also appears in the Developer for authors configured as administrators. This manual also provides instructions for installing and configuring Usage Tracking. Upgrade.pdf: This manual provides information on how to upgrade from a previous version to the current version. Usage Tracking Administration & Reporting.pdf: This manual provides instructions on how to manage users and usage tracking reports. - Kathryn Lustenberger, Oracle UPK Outbound Product Management

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• Fix: Azure Disabled over 49 cents? Beware of using a Java Virtual Machine on Microsoft Azure

  - by Ken Cox [MVP]

  I love my MSDN Azure account. I can spin up a demo/dev app or VM in seconds. In fact, it is so easy to create a virtual machine that Azure shut down my whole account! Last night I spun up a Java Virtual Machine to play with some Android stuff. My mistake was that I didn’t read the Virtual Machine pricing warning: “I have a MSDN Azure Benefit subscription. Can I use my monthly Azure credits to purchase Oracle software?” “No, Azure credits in our MSDN offers are not applicable to Oracle software. In order to purchase Oracle software in the MSDN Azure Benefit subscription, customers need to turn off their {0} spending limit and pay at the regular pay-as-you-go rate. Otherwise, Oracle usage will hit the {1} spending limit and the subscription will be immediately disabled.”  Immediately disabled? Yup. Everything connected to the subscription was shut off, deallocated, rendered useless - even the free Web sites and the free Sendgrid email service.  The fix? I had to remove the spending limit from my account so I could pay $0.49 (49 cents) for the JVM usage. I still had $134.10 in credits remaining for regular usage with 6 days left in the billing month.  Now the restoration/clean-up begins… figuring out how to get the web sites and services back online.  To me, the preferable way would be for Azure to warn me when setting up a JVM that I had no way of paying for the service. In the alternative, shut down just the offending services – the ones that can’t be covered by the regular credits. What a mess.

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• Solaris X86 64-bit Assembly Programming

  - by danx

  Solaris X86 64-bit Assembly Programming This is a simple example on writing, compiling, and debugging Solaris 64-bit x86 assembly language with a C program. This is also referred to as "AMD64" assembly. The term "AMD64" is used in an inclusive sense to refer to all X86 64-bit processors, whether AMD Opteron family or Intel 64 processor family. Both run Solaris x86. I'm keeping this example simple mainly to illustrate how everything comes together—compiler, assembler, linker, and debugger when using assembly language. The example I'm using here is a C program that calls an assembly language program passing a C string. The assembly language program takes the C string and calls printf() with it to print the string. AMD64 Register Usage But first let's review the use of AMD64 registers. AMD64 has several 64-bit registers, some special purpose (such as the stack pointer) and others general purpose. By convention, Solaris follows the AMD64 ABI in register usage, which is the same used by Linux, but different from Microsoft Windows in usage (such as which registers are used to pass parameters). This blog will only discuss conventions for Linux and Solaris. The following chart shows how AMD64 registers are used. The first six parameters to a function are passed through registers. If there's more than six parameters, parameter 7 and above are pushed on the stack before calling the function. The stack is also used to save temporary "stack" variables for use by a function. 64-bit Register Usage %rip Instruction Pointer points to the current instruction %rsp Stack Pointer %rbp Frame Pointer (saved stack pointer pointing to parameters on stack) %rdi Function Parameter 1 %rsi Function Parameter 2 %rdx Function Parameter 3 %rcx Function Parameter 4 %r8 Function Parameter 5 %r9 Function Parameter 6 %rax Function return value %r10, %r11 Temporary registers (need not be saved before used) %rbx, %r12, %r13, %r14, %r15 Temporary registers, but must be saved before use and restored before returning from the current function (usually with the push and pop instructions). 32-, 16-, and 8-bit registers To access the lower 32-, 16-, or 8-bits of a 64-bit register use the following: 64-bit register Least significant 32-bits Least significant 16-bits Least significant 8-bits %rax%eax%ax%al %rbx%ebx%bx%bl %rcx%ecx%cx%cl %rdx%edx%dx%dl %rsi%esi%si%sil %rdi%edi%di%axl %rbp%ebp%bp%bp %rsp%esp%sp%spl %r9%r9d%r9w%r9b %r10%r10d%r10w%r10b %r11%r11d%r11w%r11b %r12%r12d%r12w%r12b %r13%r13d%r13w%r13b %r14%r14d%r14w%r14b %r15%r15d%r15w%r15b %r16%r16d%r16w%r16b There's other registers present, such as the 64-bit %mm registers, 128-bit %xmm registers, 256-bit %ymm registers, and 512-bit %zmm registers. Except for %mm registers, these registers may not present on older AMD64 processors. Assembly Source The following is the source for a C program, helloas1.c, that calls an assembly function, hello_asm(). $ cat helloas1.c extern void hello_asm(char *s); int main(void) { hello_asm("Hello, World!"); } The assembly function called above, hello_asm(), is defined below. $ cat helloas2.s /* * helloas2.s * To build: * cc -m64 -o helloas2-cpp.s -D_ASM -E helloas2.s * cc -m64 -c -o helloas2.o helloas2-cpp.s */ #if defined(lint) || defined(__lint) /* ARGSUSED */ void hello_asm(char *s) { } #else /* lint */ #include <sys/asm_linkage.h> .extern printf ENTRY_NP(hello_asm) // Setup printf parameters on stack mov %rdi, %rsi // P2 (%rsi) is string variable lea .printf_string, %rdi // P1 (%rdi) is printf format string call printf ret SET_SIZE(hello_asm) // Read-only data .text .align 16 .type .printf_string, @object .printf_string: .ascii "The string is: %s.\n\0" #endif /* lint || __lint */ In the assembly source above, the C skeleton code under "#if defined(lint)" is optionally used for lint to check the interfaces with your C program--very useful to catch nasty interface bugs. The "asm_linkage.h" file includes some handy macros useful for assembly, such as ENTRY_NP(), used to define a program entry point, and SET_SIZE(), used to set the function size in the symbol table. The function hello_asm calls C function printf() by passing two parameters, Parameter 1 (P1) is a printf format string, and P2 is a string variable. The function begins by moving %rdi, which contains Parameter 1 (P1) passed hello_asm, to printf()'s P2, %rsi. Then it sets printf's P1, the format string, by loading the address the address of the format string in %rdi, P1. Finally it calls printf. After returning from printf, the hello_asm function returns itself. Larger, more complex assembly functions usually do more setup than the example above. If a function is returning a value, it would set %rax to the return value. Also, it's typical for a function to save the %rbp and %rsp registers of the calling function and to restore these registers before returning. %rsp contains the stack pointer and %rbp contains the frame pointer. Here is the typical function setup and return sequence for a function: ENTRY_NP(sample_assembly_function) push %rbp // save frame pointer on stack mov %rsp, %rbp // save stack pointer in frame pointer xor %rax, %r4ax // set function return value to 0. mov %rbp, %rsp // restore stack pointer pop %rbp // restore frame pointer ret // return to calling function SET_SIZE(sample_assembly_function) Compiling and Running Assembly Use the Solaris cc command to compile both C and assembly source, and to pre-process assembly source. You can also use GNU gcc instead of cc to compile, if you prefer. The "-m64" option tells the compiler to compile in 64-bit address mode (instead of 32-bit). $ cc -m64 -o helloas2-cpp.s -D_ASM -E helloas2.s $ cc -m64 -c -o helloas2.o helloas2-cpp.s $ cc -m64 -c helloas1.c $ cc -m64 -o hello-asm helloas1.o helloas2.o $ file hello-asm helloas1.o helloas2.o hello-asm: ELF 64-bit LSB executable AMD64 Version 1 [SSE FXSR FPU], dynamically linked, not stripped helloas1.o: ELF 64-bit LSB relocatable AMD64 Version 1 helloas2.o: ELF 64-bit LSB relocatable AMD64 Version 1 $ hello-asm The string is: Hello, World!. Debugging Assembly with MDB MDB is the Solaris system debugger. It can also be used to debug user programs, including assembly and C. The following example runs the above program, hello-asm, under control of the debugger. In the example below I load the program, set a breakpoint at the assembly function hello_asm, display the registers and the first parameter, step through the assembly function, and continue execution. $ mdb hello-asm # Start the debugger > hello_asm:b # Set a breakpoint > ::run # Run the program under the debugger mdb: stop at hello_asm mdb: target stopped at: hello_asm: movq %rdi,%rsi > $C # display function stack ffff80ffbffff6e0 hello_asm() ffff80ffbffff6f0 0x400adc() > $r # display registers %rax = 0x0000000000000000 %r8 = 0x0000000000000000 %rbx = 0xffff80ffbf7f8e70 %r9 = 0x0000000000000000 %rcx = 0x0000000000000000 %r10 = 0x0000000000000000 %rdx = 0xffff80ffbffff718 %r11 = 0xffff80ffbf537db8 %rsi = 0xffff80ffbffff708 %r12 = 0x0000000000000000 %rdi = 0x0000000000400cf8 %r13 = 0x0000000000000000 %r14 = 0x0000000000000000 %r15 = 0x0000000000000000 %cs = 0x0053 %fs = 0x0000 %gs = 0x0000 %ds = 0x0000 %es = 0x0000 %ss = 0x004b %rip = 0x0000000000400c70 hello_asm %rbp = 0xffff80ffbffff6e0 %rsp = 0xffff80ffbffff6c8 %rflags = 0x00000282 id=0 vip=0 vif=0 ac=0 vm=0 rf=0 nt=0 iopl=0x0 status=<of,df,IF,tf,SF,zf,af,pf,cf> %gsbase = 0x0000000000000000 %fsbase = 0xffff80ffbf782a40 %trapno = 0x3 %err = 0x0 > ::dis # disassemble the current instructions hello_asm: movq %rdi,%rsi hello_asm+3: leaq 0x400c90,%rdi hello_asm+0xb: call -0x220 <PLT:printf> hello_asm+0x10: ret 0x400c81: nop 0x400c85: nop 0x400c88: nop 0x400c8c: nop 0x400c90: pushq %rsp 0x400c91: pushq $0x74732065 0x400c96: jb +0x69 <0x400d01> > 0x0000000000400cf8/S # %rdi contains Parameter 1 0x400cf8: Hello, World! > [ # Step and execute 1 instruction mdb: target stopped at: hello_asm+3: leaq 0x400c90,%rdi > [ mdb: target stopped at: hello_asm+0xb: call -0x220 <PLT:printf> > [ The string is: Hello, World!. mdb: target stopped at: hello_asm+0x10: ret > [ mdb: target stopped at: main+0x19: movl $0x0,-0x4(%rbp) > :c # continue program execution mdb: target has terminated > $q # quit the MDB debugger $ In the example above, at the start of function hello_asm(), I display the stack contents with "$C", display the registers contents with "$r", then disassemble the current function with "::dis". The first function parameter, which is a C string, is passed by reference with the string address in %rdi (see the register usage chart above). The address is 0x400cf8, so I print the value of the string with the "/S" MDB command: "0x0000000000400cf8/S". I can also print the contents at an address in several other formats. Here's a few popular formats. For more, see the mdb(1) man page for details. address/S C string address/C ASCII character (1 byte) address/E unsigned decimal (8 bytes) address/U unsigned decimal (4 bytes) address/D signed decimal (4 bytes) address/J hexadecimal (8 bytes) address/X hexadecimal (4 bytes) address/B hexadecimal (1 bytes) address/K pointer in hexadecimal (4 or 8 bytes) address/I disassembled instruction Finally, I step through each machine instruction with the "[" command, which steps over functions. If I wanted to enter a function, I would use the "]" command. Then I continue program execution with ":c", which continues until the program terminates. MDB Basic Cheat Sheet Here's a brief cheat sheet of some of the more common MDB commands useful for assembly debugging. There's an entire set of macros and more powerful commands, especially some for debugging the Solaris kernel, but that's beyond the scope of this example. $C Display function stack with pointers $c Display function stack $e Display external function names $v Display non-zero variables and registers $r Display registers ::fpregs Display floating point (or "media" registers). Includes %st, %xmm, and %ymm registers. ::status Display program status ::run Run the program (followed by optional command line parameters) $q Quit the debugger address:b Set a breakpoint address:d Delete a breakpoint $b Display breakpoints :c Continue program execution after a breakpoint [ Step 1 instruction, but step over function calls ] Step 1 instruction address::dis Disassemble instructions at an address ::events Display events Further Information "Assembly Language Techniques for Oracle Solaris on x86 Platforms" by Paul Lowik (2004). Good tutorial on Solaris x86 optimization with assembly. The Solaris Operating System on x86 Platforms An excellent, detailed tutorial on X86 architecture, with Solaris specifics. By an ex-Sun employee, Frank Hofmann (2005). "AMD64 ABI Features", Solaris 64-bit Developer's Guide contains rules on data types and register usage for Intel 64/AMD64-class processors. (available at docs.oracle.com) Solaris X86 Assembly Language Reference Manual (available at docs.oracle.com) SPARC Assembly Language Reference Manual (available at docs.oracle.com) System V Application Binary Interface (2003) defines the AMD64 ABI for UNIX-class operating systems, including Solaris, Linux, and BSD. Google for it—the original website is gone. cc(1), gcc(1), and mdb(1) man pages.

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• How to Monitor the Bandwidth Consumption of Individual Applications

  - by Jason Fitzpatrick

  Yesterday we showed you how to monitor and track your total bandwidth usage, today we’re back to show you how to keep tabs on individual applications and how much bandwidth they’re gobbling up. We’ve received several reader requests, both by email and in the aforementioned post about bandwidth tracking, for a good way to track the data consumption of individual applications. How-To Geek reader Oaken noted that he used NetWorx to track his total bandwidth usage but another application, NetBalancer, to keep tabs on individual applications. We took NetBalancer for a spin and it’s a great solution for monitoring bandwidth at the application level. Let’s take it for a spin and start monitoring our applications. Latest Features How-To Geek ETC How To Remove People and Objects From Photographs In Photoshop Ask How-To Geek: How Can I Monitor My Bandwidth Usage? Internet Explorer 9 RC Now Available: Here’s the Most Interesting New Stuff Here’s a Super Simple Trick to Defeating Fake Anti-Virus Malware How to Change the Default Application for Android Tasks Stop Believing TV’s Lies: The Real Truth About "Enhancing" Images The Legend of Zelda – 1980s High School Style [Video] Suspended Sentence is a Free Cross-Platform Point and Click Game Build a Batman-Style Hidden Bust Switch Make Your Clock Creates a Custom Clock for your Android Homescreen Download the Anime Angels Theme for Windows 7 CyanogenMod Updates; Rolls out Android 2.3 to the Less Fortunate

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• July, the 31 Days of SQL Server DMO’s – Day 27 (sys.dm_db_file_space_usage)

  - by Tamarick Hill

  The sys.dm_db_file_space usage DMV returns information about database file space usage.  This DMV was enhanced for the 2012 version to include 3 additional columns. Let’s query this DMV against our AdventureWorks2012 database and view the results. SELECT * FROM sys.dm_db_file_space_usage The column returned from this DMV are really self-explanatory, but I will give you a description, paraphrased from books online, below. The first three columns returned from this DMV represent the Database, File, and Filegroup for the current database context that executed the DMV query. The next column is the total_page_count which represents the total number of pages in the file. The allocated_extent_page_count represents the total number of pages in all extents that have been allocated. The unallocated_extent_page_count represents the number of pages in the unallocated extents within the file. The version_store_reserved_page_count column represents the number of pages that are allocated to the version store. The user_object_reserved_page_count represents the number of pages allocated for user objects. The internal_object_reserved_page_count represents the number of pages allocated for internal objects.  Lastly is the mixed_extent_page_count which represents the total number of pages that are part of mixed extents. This is a great DMV for retrieving usage space information from your database files. For more information about this DMV, please see the below Books Online link: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms174412.aspx Follow me on Twitter @PrimeTimeDBA

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• Unity 3D (with Nvidia driver) becomes very slow and laggy

  - by Graham

  How can I prevent my Unity 3D desktop from becoming slow after a while, given that I have an Nvidia Quadro NVS 290 graphics in TwinView mode? The desktop starts out fast on login, but becomes slow / lagging / hesitant / high latency after a while, symptoms being spikes in CPU usage by /usr/bin/X whenever I cause any graphical activity with the mouse or keyboard (e.g. typing, changing tabs, dragging windows). The desktop remains slow even with all windows (except htop in Terminal) and extraneous processes killed. Detail: Changing tabs in Terminal takes about a second, and X spikes to 76% CPU. As I type into Firefox, X spikes to 95% CPU. Dragging Termiinal window, X goes to 70% CPU. Basically, every graphical action sends CPU usage of X through the roof. Device: Nvidia Quadro NVS 290 Driver package: binary driver nvidia-current-updates (280.13-0ubuntu5) Dual Monitors: Pair of DELL UltraSharp 1908FP in TwinView (X screen 2560x1024) OS: Fresh install of Ubuntu 11.10 amd64 Desktop with all updates. Hardware: Dell Precision T5400 Workstation Pastebin of Xorg.0.log Pastebin of xorg.conf Pastebin of nvidia-xconfig -t output (easier to read than xorg.conf) Output of /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p: To obtain the following htop screenshow I typed "asdf" several times in in this text box, alt-tabbed to Terminal and took a screenshot of the high X CPU usage. This also happens when firefox is not running: Quadro NVS 290 has "No" thermal sensor according to sensors-detect: Next adapter: NVIDIA i2c adapter 0 at 2:00.0 (i2c-0) Do you want to scan it? (YES/no/selectively): Client found at address 0x50 Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1033'... No Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1034'... No P robing for `SPD EEPROM'... No Probing for `EDID EEPROM'... Yes (confidence 8, not a hardware monitoring chip) I tried the nouveau driver by disabling the nvidia-current-updates under Additional Drivers, but Ubuntu and xrandr -q fail to detect the second monitor. This may be issue 737349. Funniest thing is that Nouveau wiki says that XRandR 1.2 dual-monitor is supported so it should work with a second monitor.

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• How can I get the Creative Zen Touch to work?

  - by Hello71

  I've tried using gnomad2 (too lazy to configure all the dependencies) and Amarok (segfaulted when I tried to do anything with it). $ lsusb Bus 002 Device 004: ID 041e:4131 Creative Technology, Ltd Zen Touch (mtp) # SNIP OUTPUT # $ lsusb --verbose -s 002:004 Bus 002 Device 004: ID 041e:4131 Creative Technology, Ltd Zen Touch (mtp) Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 255 Vendor Specific Class bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 64 idVendor 0x041e Creative Technology, Ltd idProduct 0x4131 Zen Touch (mtp) bcdDevice 1.00 iManufacturer 1 Creative Technology Ltd iProduct 2 Creative Zen Touch iSerial 3 010125517D039098 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 39 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 16 Configuration 1 bmAttributes 0xc0 Self Powered MaxPower 440mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 3 bInterfaceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bInterfaceSubClass 0 bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 33 MTP Interface Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x01 EP 1 OUT bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0008 1x 8 bytes bInterval 4 Device Qualifier (for other device speed): bLength 10 bDescriptorType 6 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 255 Vendor Specific Class bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 64 bNumConfigurations 1 can't get debug descriptor: Connection timed out Device Status: 0x0000 (Bus Powered)

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• Use Enterprise Manager Cloud Control to monitor OBIEE 11.1.1.7.x Dashboards

  - by Torben Hein -Oracle

  (in via Senthil )  If your OBIEE 11.1.1.7.x is set up in the following way: The OBIEE repository is an Oracle Database and is set up as a data warehouse Usage tracking is enabled in OBIEE. ( For information on how to enable usage tracking in OBIEE, refer to the following link: Setting Up Usage Tracking in Oracle BI 11g ) The OBIEE instance is discovered in EM Cloud Control. ( For information on how to discover an OBIEE instance in Cloud Control, refer to the following link: Discovering Oracle Business Intelligence Instance and Oracle Essbase Targets ) The OBIEE repository is discovered in EM Cloud Control. ( For information on how to discover an Oracle database, refer to the following link: Discovering, Promoting, and Adding Database Targets ) then we've got news for you: KM Article:  OBIEE 11g: How To Diagnose Slowly Performing Dashboards using Enterprise Manager Cloud Control (Doc ID 1668236.1) takes you step by step through monitoring the SQL query performance behind your OBIEE dashboard. This Diagnostic approach ... .. will help you piece together information on BI dashboard performance, e.g. processing time from the different layers of the BI system including the repository. .. should enable you to get to the bottom of slow dashboards by using the wealth of information available in EM Cloud Control on OBIEE and Oracle DB. .. will NOT fix any performance issues on its own, but will help identify bottlenecks while processing dashboard requests. (layout and post: Torben, authorized: Lia)

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• SlimDX Texture2D from DataRectangle array

  - by Rebekah Bryant

  I'm totally new to DirectX. I'm using SlimDX to create a texture consisting of 13046 DataRectangles. Here's my code. It's breaking on the Texture2D constructor with "E_INVALIDARG: An invalid parameter was passed to the returning function (-2147024809)." inParms is just a struct containing handle to a Panel. public Renderer(Parameters inParms, ref DataRectangle[] inShapes) { Texture2DDescription description = new Texture2DDescription() { Width = 500, Height = 500, MipLevels = 1, ArraySize = inShapes.Length, Format = Format.R32G32B32_Float, SampleDescription = new SampleDescription(1, 0), Usage = ResourceUsage.Default, BindFlags = BindFlags.RenderTarget | BindFlags.ShaderResource, CpuAccessFlags = CpuAccessFlags.None, OptionFlags = ResourceOptionFlags.None }; SwapChainDescription chainDescription = new SwapChainDescription() { BufferCount = 1, IsWindowed = true, Usage = Usage.RenderTargetOutput, ModeDescription = new ModeDescription(0, 0, new Rational(60, 1), Format.R8G8B8A8_UNorm), SampleDescription = new SampleDescription(1, 0), Flags = SwapChainFlags.None, OutputHandle = inParms.Handle, SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard }; Device.CreateWithSwapChain(DriverType.Hardware, DeviceCreationFlags.None, chainDescription, out mDevice, out mSwapChain); Texture2D texture = new Texture2D(Device, description, inShapes); } EDIT: Running with the Debug flag set, I got: D3D11 ERROR: ID3D11Device::CreateTexture2D: The format (0x6, R32G32B32_FLOAT) cannot be bound as a RenderTarget, or cast to a format that could be bound as a RenderTarget. This is because the current graphics implementation does not even support this Format. Therefore this format does not support D3D11_BIND_RENDER_TARGET. Use CheckFormatSupport to check Format support. [ STATE_CREATION ERROR #92: CREATETEXTURE2D_UNSUPPORTEDFORMAT] D3D11 ERROR: ID3D11Device::CreateTexture2D: Returning E_INVALIDARG, meaning invalid parameters were passed. [ STATE_CREATION ERROR #104: CREATETEXTURE2D_INVALIDARG_RETURN]

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• What happens to remounted data/directories

  - by cauon

  According to suggestions in this post I am trying to improve my system to run better with a Solid State Drive. But regarding to RAMdisks and /etc/fstab usage I have some understanding problems coming up. So let's say I add the following lines to /etc/fstab tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime,mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /var/spool tmpfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime,mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime,mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /var/log tmpfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime,mode=0755 0 0 I know that on startup these locations should now get mounted into the RAM (hopefully). But what happens to the physical space that was mounted on those places before? Is it gone? Will it be back when I edit my /etc/fstab back to the Version without tmpfs? Will the space still be allocated on my SSD in a way that I can't use it for any other data? Sometimes it is suggested to add the following line, too: none /var/cache aufs dirs=/tmp:/var/cache=ro 0 0 What does this actually do? I noticed that /var/cache takes almost 1GB of space on my harddisk. So should i clear the directory before activating this line? (this is related to the former question) This causes me some confusions and I hope you can give me some clarifications. UPDATE I've downloaded a image with 600MB in size into /tmp that is mounted with the tmpfs settings above. Now I wanted to compare the RAM usage before and after the download. I expect the RAM usage to be increased by 600MB after the download. But the System Monitoring Tool showed me no changes at all. How can this be? Does tmpfs work other than I actually expect it to?

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• Announcing Oracle Environmental Accounting and Reporting

  - by Theresa Hickman

  Oracle just launched a new product called Oracle Environmental Accounting and Reporting designed to help company’s track and report their greenhouse emissions at the operational level.  Companies around the world are facing increasing pressure to improve their energy efficiency and reduce waste in their operations. Also, new worldwide greenhouse gas legislation is putting added pressure on companies to report the impact of their emissions and energy usage on the environment. Today, companies undergo extensive and expensive data audits to maintain a ledger of up-to-date emissions factors that compare figures on an annual basis. Existing “ad hoc” approaches utilizing manual or niche solutions have a high operational cost and weak data security and audit-ability. The ideal solution is to embed environmental usage within the mainstream business operations, such as recording energy usage at the time of invoice entry, and then report on those results. This is precisely what Oracle Environmental Accounting and Reporting is designed to do. You can now capture environmental data either electronically or manually; convert that to greenhouse gas emissions; comply with mandatory and voluntary greenhouse gas reporting schemes; and identify opportunities for CO2 emissions and cost reductions.   Oracle recently acquired the intellectual property for this solution which works with both Oracle E-Business Suite Release 12 and JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Release 9.0. For more information, visit Oracle Environmental Accounting and Reporting.

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• Would I be able to use code hosting services to host malware code?

  - by NlightNFotis

  Let me start by saying that I am a computer security researcher. Part of my job is to create malware to deploy on a controlled environment in order to study or evaluate several aspects of computer security. Now, I am starting to think that using an online code hosting service (such as BitBucket, Github, etc...) to have all my code in 1 place, would allow me to work on my projects more efficiently. My question is: Are there any issues with this? I have studied those companies' privacy policies, and they state that they allow usage of their services for lawful usage. Since I am not distributing malware, but I am only using it on my machines and machines that I am authorized to use, aren't I allowed to use the service? For the usage that I am doing, malware is the same as any other software. I recognise that I should be extremely careful with code hosting, as any mistake from my part could hold me liable for damages and leave me open against legal action. As such I am recognizing that I should use private repositories, so the code is not available to the public. But how private is a private repository? How can I trust that companies like them will not leak or sell a potential (electronic) viral weaponry that I may have created in the future?

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• Laptop battery life drastically decreased compared to Windows 7

  - by Aron Rotteveel

  I am running Ubuntu 10.10 on my Dell Studio XPS 1640 and have about one hour of battery life in it, compared to about 2.5 hours running on Windows 7. This is with wireless and bluetooth on, but still, the difference seems incredible. What could be causing such a difference and is there a way to close the gap without losing core functionality? EDIT: here's some output from powertop. This is with bluetooth turned off and Wifi turned on. The output seems pretty normal to me, but as indicated, this is about 1 hour of battery life on a full battery... Wakeups-from-idle per second : 476.2 interval: 10.0s Power usage (ACPI estimate): 2.5W (1.2 hours) Top causes for wakeups: 30.0% (167.2)D chrome 21.0% (117.3) [extra timer interrupt] 13.9% ( 77.4) [kernel scheduler] Load balancing tick 3.4% ( 18.9)D xchat 7.1% ( 39.8) [iwlagn] <interrupt> 5.9% ( 32.9) AptanaStudio3 3.9% ( 21.6)D java 2.7% ( 14.9) [TLB shootdowns] <kernel IPI> 2.5% ( 14.1) docky 1.8% ( 10.0) nautilus 1.6% ( 9.0) thunderbird-bin 1.0% ( 5.5) [ahci] <interrupt> 0.9% ( 5.0) syndaemon 0.8% ( 4.3) [kernel core] hrtimer_start (tick_sched_timer) EDIT: after changing /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode to 5 (it was set to 0), wakeups seem to have decreased, although usage still seems far too high: Wakeups-from-idle per second : 263.8 interval: 10.0s Power usage (ACPI estimate): 2.6W (0.9 hours) EDIT: I seem to have discovered the main cause: I was using the open source ATI Drivers. I recently installed the official ATI drivers and laptop battery life seems to have doubled since. EDIT: last edit. The previous 'solution' of installing the official ATI drivers turns out to be a non-solution. Although it does increase battery life, my laptop resolution is maxed out at 1200x800 after a reboot. (Please note that this problem does not need answering in this question as it is a seperate case)

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