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• PCF shadow shader math causing artifacts

  - by user2971069

  For a while now I used PCSS for my shadow technique of choice until I discovered a type of percentage closer filtering. This method creates really smooth shadows and with hopes of improving performance, with only a fraction of texture samples, I tried to implement PCF into my shader. This is the relevant code: float c0, c1, c2, c3; float f = blurFactor; float2 coord = ProjectedTexCoords; if (receiverDistance - tex2D(lightSampler, coord + float2(0, 0)).x > 0.0007) c0 = 1; if (receiverDistance - tex2D(lightSampler, coord + float2(f, 0)).x > 0.0007) c1 = 1; if (receiverDistance - tex2D(lightSampler, coord + float2(0, f)).x > 0.0007) c2 = 1; if (receiverDistance - tex2D(lightSampler, coord + float2(f, f)).x > 0.0007) c3 = 1; coord = (coord % f) / f; return 1 - (c0 * (1 - coord.x) * (1 - coord.y) + c1 * coord.x * (1 - coord.y) + c2 * (1 - coord.x) * coord.y + c3 * coord.x * coord.y); This is a very basic implementation. blurFactor is initialized with 1 / LightTextureSize. So the if statements fetch the occlusion values for the four adjacent texels. I now want to weight each value based on the actual position of the texture coordinate. If it's near the bottom-right pixel, that occlusion value should be preferred. The weighting itself is done with a simple bilinear interpolation function, however this function takes a 2d vector in the range [0..1] so I have to convert my texture coordinate to get the distance from my first pixel to the second one in range [0..1]. For that I used the mod operator to get it into [0..f] range and then divided by f. This code makes sense to me, and for specific blurFactors it works, producing really smooth one pixel wide shadows, but not for all blurFactors. Initially blurFactor is (1 / LightTextureSize) to sample the 4 adjacent texels. I now want to increase the blurFactor by factor x to get a smooth interpolation across maybe 4 or so pixels. But that is when weird artifacts show up. Here is an image: Using a 1x on blurFactor produces a good result, 0.5 is as expected not so smooth. 2x however doesn't work at all. I found that only a factor of 1/2^n produces an good result, every other factor produces artifacts. I'm pretty sure the error lies here: coord = (coord % f) / f; Maybe the modulo is not calculated correctly? I have no idea how to fix that. Is it even possible for pixel that are further than 1 pixel away?

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• How to get tens of millions of pages indexed by Google bot?

  - by Chris Adragna

  We are currently developing a site that currently has 8 million unique pages that will grow to about 20 million right away, and eventually to about 50 million or more. Before you criticize... Yes, it provides unique, useful content. We continually process raw data from public records and by doing some data scrubbing, entity rollups, and relationship mapping, we've been able to generate quality content, developing a site that's quite useful and also unique, in part due to the breadth of the data. It's PR is 0 (new domain, no links), and we're getting spidered at a rate of about 500 pages per day, putting us at about 30,000 pages indexed thus far. At this rate, it would take over 400 years to index all of our data. I have two questions: Is the rate of the indexing directly correlated to PR, and by that I mean is it correlated enough that by purchasing an old domain with good PR will get us to a workable indexing rate (in the neighborhood of 100,000 pages per day). Are there any SEO consultants who specialize in aiding the indexing process itself. We're otherwise doing very well with SEO, on-page especially, besides, the competition for our "long-tail" keyword phrases is pretty low, so our success hinges mostly on the number of pages indexed. Our main competitor has achieved approx 20MM pages indexed in just over one year's time, along with an Alexa 2000-ish ranking. Noteworthy qualities we have in place: page download speed is pretty good (250-500 ms) no errors (no 404 or 500 errors when getting spidered) we use Google webmaster tools and login daily friendly URLs in place I'm afraid to submit sitemaps. Some SEO community postings suggest a new site with millions of pages and no PR is suspicious. There is a Google video of Matt Cutts speaking of a staged on-boarding of large sites, too, in order to avoid increased scrutiny (at approx 2:30 in the video). Clickable site links deliver all pages, no more than four pages deep and typically no more than 250(-ish) internal links on a page. Anchor text for internal links is logical and adds relevance hierarchically to the data on the detail pages. We had previously set the crawl rate to the highest on webmaster tools (only about a page every two seconds, max). I recently turned it back to "let Google decide" which is what is advised.

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• Efficient inline templates and C++

  - by Darryl Gove

  I've talked before about calling inline templates from C++, I've also talked about calling inline templates efficiently. This time I want to talk about efficiently calling inline templates from C++. The obvious starting point is that I need to declare the inline templates as being extern "C": extern "C" { int mytemplate(int); } This enables us to call it, but the call may not be very efficient because the compiler will treat it as a function call, and may produce suboptimal code based on that premise. So we need to add the no_side_effect pragma: extern "C" { int mytemplate(int); #pragma no_side_effect(mytemplate) } However, this may still not produce optimal code. We've discussed how the no_side_effect pragma cannot be combined with exceptions, well we know that the code cannot produce exceptions, but the compiler doesn't know that. If we tell the compiler that information it may be able to produce even better code. We can do this by adding the "throw()" keyword to the template declaration: extern "C" { int mytemplate(int) throw(); #pragma no_side_effect(mytemplate) } The following is an example of how these changes might improve performance. We can take our previous example code and migrate it to C++, adding the use of a try...catch construct: #include <iostream extern "C" { int lzd(int); #pragma no_side_effect(lzd) } int a; int c=0; class myclass { int routine(); }; int myclass::routine() { try { for(a=0; a<1000; a++) { c=lzd(c); } } catch(...) { std::cout << "Something happened" << std::endl; } return 0; } Compiling this produces a slightly suboptimal code sequence in the hot loop: $ CC -O -xtarget=T4 -S t.cpp t.il ... /* 0x0014 23 */ lzd %o0,%o0 /* 0x0018 21 */ add %l6,1,%l6 /* 0x001c */ cmp %l6,1000 /* 0x0020 */ bl,pt %icc,.L77000033 /* 0x0024 23 */ st %o0,[%l7] There's a store in the delay slot of the branch, so we're repeatedly storing data back to memory. If we change the function declaration to include "throw()", we get better code: $ CC -O -xtarget=T4 -S t.cpp t.il ... /* 0x0014 21 */ add %i1,1,%i1 /* 0x0018 23 */ lzd %o0,%o0 /* 0x001c 21 */ cmp %i1,999 /* 0x0020 */ ble,pt %icc,.L77000019 /* 0x0024 */ nop The store has gone, but the code is still suboptimal - there's a nop in the delay slot rather than useful work. However, it's good enough for this example. The point I'm making is that the compiler produces the better code with both the "throw()" and the no side effect pragma.

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• What should filenames and URLs of images contain for SEO benefit?

  - by Baumr

  We know that good site architecture usually looks like this: example-company.com/ example-company.com/about/ example-company.com/contact/ example-company.com/products/ example-company.com/products/category/ example-company.com/products/category/productname/ Now, when it comes to Google Image search, it is clear that the img alt tag, filename/URL, and surrounding text (captions, headings, paragraphs) have an effect on ranking. I want to ask about the filename of the images that we should use (e.g. product-photo.jpg). ...but first about the URL: Often web developers stick all images in a single folder in the root: example-company.com/img/ — and I have stopped doing that. (I don't want to get into it, but basically, it seems more semantic for images which make up part of the content at each sub-directory) However, when all images appear in a folder, I feel that their filename needs to reflect what they are a bit more than usual, for example: example-company.com/img/example-company-productname-category.jpg It's a longer filename than just product.png, but as long as it's relevant, I see no problem with regards to SEO (unless you're keyword stuffing), and it could even help rank for keywords: "example company" "productname" "category" So no questions there. But what about when we have places images in the site architecture we outlined at the beginning? In other words, what if image URL paths look like this: example-company.com/products/category/productname/productname.jpg My question is, should the URL be kept short like above and only have the "productname" (and some descriptive keywords) as part of it's filename? Or, should it also include the "example-company" and "category"? Like so: example-company.com/products/category/productname/example-company-category-productname.jpg That seems much longer, and redundant when we look at the URL, but here are a few considerations. Images are often downloaded onto computers, and, to the average user, they lose their original URL and thus — it isn't clear where they came from. Also, some social networks, forums, and other platforms leave the filename intact when uploaded. (Many others rewrite it, for example, Pinterest and Facebook.) Another consideration, will this really help (even if ever so slightly) rank in Google Image Search, or at least inform Google that the product is something specific to the "example-company"? For example, what if this product can only be bought at this store and is the flagship product? In addition to an abundance of internal links to this product page, would having the "example company" name and "category" help it appear in "example company" searches? In other words, is less more?

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• The Uganda .NET Usergroup meeting for January 2011 - a look back.

  - by Malisa L. Ncube

  We had a very interesting meeting on Friday 28th last week. We had 10 attendees and two speakers. The first topic presented was Cloud Computing, presented by Allan Rwakatungu @arwakatungu who works with MTN Uganda. He gave a very brilliant outline of how Cloud computing and service oriented applications had begun changing the platform for operating business and the costs it saves because of scalability and elasticity. He went on to demonstrate the steps you would take if you are beginning a new Windows Azure project. He explained the history and evolution of the Windows Azure, SQL Azure and cloud services offered by Amazon and google.com. The attendees had many questions to ask (obviously), but they were all answered very well. We once again thank Allan, for taking time to prepare the presentation and demonstrating for us. We recorded a video on the entire presentation and after doing some editing we will publish it. One wish which was echoed by most members was that Microsoft should open the cloud services and development for Africa. Microsoft currently does not even have servers here in Africa and so far, that does not put African developers in the same platform as other developers in other continents. Now is the time considering the improvements in network speeds and joining of the Seacom network and broadband.   I presented on Parallelism and Multithreading using .NET 4.0, I also gave some details on the language changes in C# 5.0 and the async keyword and the TaskEx class. I explained the Task, Scheduling of parallel tasks and demonstrated problems that may arise from using parallelism inappropriately. I also demonstrated the performance improvements that may be achieved by taking advantage of multi-core processors. You may download the presentation on Parallelism and Multi-threading from here. The resolution of the meeting was that we should meet more than once a month and begin other activities which should be more fun. e.g. Geek Dinner, Geek Beer or CodeCamp. Based on that we all agreed we shall have a mid-month meeting starting from February. Cheers folks! del.icio.us Tags: .net,usergroup,cloud computing,parallelism,multi-threading

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• SEO to ensure visibility for a narrow, non-competitive, non-commercial site

  - by hen3ry

  I'm webmaster of a non-commercial site in English. A non-native-English speaker asked me why our site doesn't produce hits in Google searches she conducts for relevant keywords in her native language. I asked her for a list of keywords in her native language, and I naively tried inserting those into the META info in the page headers and waited a couple of weeks. No help. A little searching informed me that Google doesn't use the META info, and has not done so for a very long time. D'oh! To be entirely concrete, suppose the StackExchange folks want Russian speakers to find this site, Pro Webmasters. The direct translation in Russian of "webmaster" --thanks, Google Translator-- is: "?????????". (Not sure this will render properly, but that's not essential to my question.) Assuming Pro Webmasters has a common template for all pages it generates, inserting "?????????" into the Keywords META for that template won't help, it seems. What could StackExchange do to make this site visible to users searching with the Russian keyword "?????????" ? Pretty much all the advice I've seen boils down to this, if I understand correctly: use the desired search term often (but not too often) among site content, and the problem will be solved. That's great, but I don't think sprinkling "?????????" visibly all over Pro Webmasters is going to fly. Just for completeness, crawlers must be long immune to the invisible-to-visitors scheme, e.g, format "?????????" in a tiny text size in a color the same as an existing background, e.g. white-over-white. Or, put that text inside a div styled: ' style="visibility: hidden" '. Probably some other equivalents. I can only think of one slightly effective method, along these lines: place an unobtrusive link on the common template to a page titled "for international users" , and on that page list desired synonyms for "webmaster" in various languages on that page. A test case --admittedly, just one-- using my site implies that a Google search for "international users" ????????? will produce a hit for this page, and thus make the site minimally visible, despite the fact that the page will almost never be visited. At the moment, anyway. Note: All the SEO discussions I have found so far are about competitive and --almost certainly-- commercial sites. To repeat: my site is non-commercial, and it is about an obscure, narrow topic that is of interest to only a small number of people worldwide. This isn't about clawing our way to the top of competitive rankings, just making this content minimally visible to interested non-native-English speakers. Ideas? TIA

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• Design pattern to handle queries using multiple models

  - by coderkane

  I am presented with a dilemma while trying to re-designing the class structure for my PHP/MySQL application to make it more elegant and conform it to the SOLID principle. The problem goes like this: Let as assume, there is an abstract class called person which has certain properties to define a generic person, such as name, age, date of birth etc. There are two classes, student, and teacher, that implements this abstract class. They add their own unique properties to it. I have designed all the three classes to include all the operational logic (details of which are not relevant in context of the question). Now, I need to create views/reports/data grids which contain details from multiple classes, for example, say, a list of all students doing projects in Chemistry mentored by a teacher whose name is the parameter to the query. This is just one example of a view, there are many different views in the application, which uses data from 3-4 tables, and each of them have multiple input parameters to generate them. Considering this particular example, I have written the relevant query using JOIN and the results are as expected and proper, now here is the dilemma: Keeping in mind the single responsibility principle, where should I keep this query? It does not belong to either Student class, or Teacher class or any other classes currently present. a) Should I create a new class, say dataView class, and design it as a MVC pattern and keep the query there? What about the other views? how do they fit in this architecture? b) Should I not keep the query in code at all, and make it DB View ? c) Am I completely wrong in the approach? If so what is the right approach? My considerations are as follows: a) should be easy to add new views later on if requirement comes, without having to copy-paste-modify code b) would like to make it as loosely coupled as possible so that if minor db structure changes happen, it does not break I did google searches on report design and OOP report generators, but all the result seem to focus on the visual design of the report rather than fetching the data. I have already taken care of the visual aspect of the report using MVC with html templates. I am sure this is a very fundamental problem with known solution, but I am somehow not able to find it (maybe searching with wrong keyword). Edit1: Modified the title to make it more relevant Edit2: The accepted answer got me thinking in the right direction and identify my design flaws, which eventually led me to find this question and the solution in Stack Overflow which gave me the detailed answer to clear the confusion.

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• Why would I learn C++11, having known C and C++?

  - by Shahbaz

  I am a programmer in C and C++, although I don't stick to either language and write a mixture of the two. Sometimes having code in classes, possibly with operator overloading, or templates and the oh so great STL is obviously a better way. Sometimes use of a simple C function pointer is much much more readable and clear. So I find beauty and practicality in both languages. I don't want to get into the discussion of "If you mix them and compile with a C++ compiler, it's not a mix anymore, it's all C++" I think we all understand what I mean by mixing them. Also, I don't want to talk about C vs C++, this question is all about C++11. C++11 introduces what I think are significant changes to how C++ works, but it has introduced many special cases that change how different features behave in different circumstances, placing restrictions on multiple inheritance, adding lambda functions, etc. I know that at some point in the future, when you say C++ everyone would assume C++11. Much like when you say C nowadays, you most probably mean C99. That makes me consider learning C++11. After all, if I want to continue writing code in C++, I may at some point need to start using those features simply because my colleagues have. Take C for example. After so many years, there are still many people learning and writing code in C. Why? Because the language is good. What good means is that, it follows many of the rules to create a good programming language. So besides being powerful (which easy or hard, almost all programming languages are), C is regular and has few exceptions, if any. C++11 however, I don't think so. I'm not sure that the changes introduced in C++11 are making the language better. So the question is: Why would I learn C++11? Update: My original question in short was: "I like C++, but the new C++11 doesn't look good because of this and this and this. However, deep down something tells me I need to learn it. So, I asked this question here so that someone would help convince me to learn it." However, the zealous people here can't tolerate pointing out a flaw in their language and were not at all constructive in this manner. After the moderator edited the question, it became more like a "So, how about this new C++11?" which was not at all my question. Therefore, in a day or too I am going to delete this question if no one comes up with an actual convincing argument. P.S. If you are interested in knowing what flaws I was talking about, you can edit my question and see the previous edits.

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• returning a heap block by reference in c++

  - by basicR

  I was trying to brush up my c++ skills. I got 2 functions: concat_HeapVal() returns the output heap variable by value concat_HeapRef() returns the output heap variable by reference When main() runs it will be on stack,s1 and s2 will be on stack, I pass the value by ref only and in each of the below functions, I create a variable on heap and concat them. When concat_HeapVal() is called it returns me the correct output. When concat_HeapRef() is called it returns me some memory address (wrong output). Why? I use new operator in both the functions. Hence it allocates on heap. So when I return by reference, heap will still be VALID even when my main() stack memory goes out of scope. So it's left to OS to cleanup the memory. Right? string& concat_HeapRef(const string& s1, const string& s2) { string *temp = new string(); temp->append(s1); temp->append(s2); return *temp; } string* concat_HeapVal(const string& s1, const string& s2) { string *temp = new string(); temp->append(s1); temp->append(s2); return temp; } int main() { string s1,s2; string heapOPRef; string *heapOPVal; cout<<"String Conact Experimentations\n"; cout<<"Enter s-1 : "; cin>>s1; cout<<"Enter s-2 : "; cin>>s2; heapOPRef = concat_HeapRef(s1,s2); heapOPVal = concat_HeapVal(s1,s2); cout<<heapOPRef<<" "<<heapOPVal<<" "<<endl; return -9; }

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• Create a kind of Interface c++ [migrated]

  - by Liuka

  I'm writing a little 2d rendering framework with managers for input and resources like textures and meshes (for 2d geometry models, like quads) and they are all contained in a class "engine" that interacts with them and with a directX class. So each class have some public methods like init or update. They are called by the engine class to render the resources, create them, but a lot of them should not be called by the user: //in pseudo c++ //the textures manager class class TManager { private: vector textures; .... public: init(); update(); renderTexture(); //called by the "engine class" loadtexture(); gettexture(); //called by the user } class Engine { private: Tmanager texManager; public: Init() { //initialize all the managers } Render(){...} Update(){...} Tmanager* GetTManager(){return &texManager;} //to get a pointer to the manager //if i want to create or get textures } In this way the user, calling Engine::GetTmanager will have access to all the public methods of Tmanager, including init update and rendertexture, that must be called only by Engine inside its init, render and update functions. So, is it a good idea to implement a user interface in the following way? //in pseudo c++ //the textures manager class class TManager { private: vector textures; .... public: init(); update(); renderTexture(); //called by the "engine class" friend class Tmanager_UserInterface; operator Tmanager_UserInterface*(){return reinterpret_cast<Tmanager_UserInterface*>(this)} } class Tmanager_UserInterface : private Tmanager { //delete constructor //in this class there will be only methods like: loadtexture(); gettexture(); } class Engine { private: Tmanager texManager; public: Init() Render() Update() Tmanager_UserInterface* GetTManager(){return texManager;} } //in main function //i need to load a texture //i always have access to Engine class engine-GetTmanger()-LoadTexture(...) //i can just access load and get texture; In this way i can implement several interface for each object, keeping visible only the functions i (and the user) will need. There are better ways to do the same?? Or is it just useless(i dont hide the "framework private functions" and the user will learn to dont call them)? Before i have used this method: class manager { public: //engine functions userfunction(); } class engine { private: manager m; public: init(){//call manager init function} manageruserfunciton() { //call manager::userfunction() } } in this way i have no access to the manager class but it's a bad way because if i add a new feature to the manager i need to add a new method in the engine class and it takes a lot of time. sorry for the bad english.

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• (SOLVED) Problems Rendering Text in OpenGL Using FreeType

  - by Sean M.

  I've been following both the FreeType2 tutorial and the WikiBooks tuorial, trying to combine things from them both in order to load and render fonts using the FreeType library. I used the font loading code from the FreeType2 tutorial and tried to implement the rendering code from the wikibooks tutorial (tried being the keyword as I'm still trying to learn model OpenGL, I'm using 3.2). Everything loads correctly and I have the shader program to render the text with working, but I can't get the text to render. I'm 99% sure that it has something to do with how I cam passing data to the shader, or how I set up the screen. These are the code segments that handle OpenGL initialization, as well as Font initialization and rendering: //Init glfw if (!glfwInit()) { fprintf(stderr, "GLFW Initialization has failed!\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("GLFW Initialized.\n"); //Process the command line arguments processCmdArgs(argc, argv); //Create the window glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SAMPLES, g_aaSamples); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 2); g_mainWindow = glfwCreateWindow(g_screenWidth, g_screenHeight, "Voxel Shipyard", g_fullScreen ? glfwGetPrimaryMonitor() : nullptr, nullptr); if (!g_mainWindow) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not create GLFW window!\n"); closeOGL(); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } glfwMakeContextCurrent(g_mainWindow); printf("Window and OpenGL rendering context created.\n"); glClearColor(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f); //Are these necessary for Modern OpenGL (3.0+)? glViewport(0, 0, g_screenWidth, g_screenHeight); glOrtho(0, g_screenWidth, g_screenHeight, 0, -1, 1); //Init glew int err = glewInit(); if (err != GLEW_OK) { fprintf(stderr, "GLEW initialization failed!\n"); fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", glewGetErrorString(err)); closeOGL(); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("GLEW initialized.\n"); Here is the font file (it's slightly too big to post): CFont.h/CFont.cpp Here is the solution zipped up: [solution] (https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/36062916/VoxelShipyard.zip), if anyone feels they need the entire solution. If anyone could take a look at the code, it would be greatly appreciated. Also if someone has a tutorial that is a little more user friendly, that would also be appreciated. Thanks.

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• Homepage issue on Google [closed]

  - by nico

  We have recently updated our website www.blinds4uk.co.uk with a new homepage containing additional features and more on page content but since then we have lost primary keyword positions and the home page has disappeared completely. The only time it appears is for an exact search ‘blinds4uk’. Today I took snippets of 'unique content' from the homepage and put this into the 'google search' but our homepage was nowhere to be found. When I did the same in ‘Yahoo’ the homepage came up. Are we missing something? We ranked in the top 4 for primary kw terms 'blinds uk' & 'uk blinds' but now we don’t show anywhere for these terms. Our homepage has never ranked well for the primary kw 'blinds' yet our internal pages rank very well with many pages on page 1 of google uk. We employed an SEO firm for 9 months to help us establish issues with the homepage but they never could, so we got rid. We have been trying to get to the root cause of why the homepage ranks so poorly for a number of years and only yesterday we established that we had the meta tag directly below the tag and our title & meta description were further down the page; we have today corrected. Not sure what effect this would have on the way Google reads the homepage but we are trying everything to try and get the homepage ranking fro those primary kw's. Our current developers & ex SEO guys are all part of the same company and cannot pin-point anything other than saying carryon with their SEO team because it will take time but just comes across as a milking exercise. Another thing which I have found very strange is the data from our 'traffic audience'. We are a UK based website yet our traffic stats were showing as;- UK 36.6%, Denmark 35.8% and India 27.6%. – don’t make sense to me! Is there anybody out there that could simply point us in the right direction to the problem(s), so we can fix once and for all? Could there be anything within the code that is causing the home page not to display within google for our primary kw's terms such as blinds, window blinds etc. I would appreciate any advice at all that may help us in our quest to sort this homepage issue once and for all

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• How to perform Cross Join with Linq

  - by berthin

  Cross join consists to perform a Cartesian product of two sets or sequences. The following example shows a simple Cartesian product of the sets A and B: A (a1, a2) B (b1, b2) => C (a1 b1,            a1 b2,            a2 b1,            a2, b2 ) is the Cartesian product's result. Linq to Sql allows using Cross join operations. Cross join is not equijoin, means that no predicate expression of equality in the Join clause of the query. To define a cross join query, you can use multiple from clauses. Note that there's no explicit operator for the cross join. In the following example, the query must join a sequence of Product with a sequence of Pricing Rules: 1: //Fill the data source 2: var products = new List<Product> 3: { 4: new Product{ProductID="P01",ProductName="Amaryl"}, 5: new Product {ProductID="P02", ProductName="acetaminophen"} 6: }; 7:  8: var pricingRules = new List<PricingRule> 9: { 10: new PricingRule {RuleID="R_1", RuleType="Free goods"}, 11: new PricingRule {RuleID="R_2", RuleType="Discount"}, 12: new PricingRule {RuleID="R_3", RuleType="Discount"} 13: }; 14: 15: //cross join query 16: var crossJoin = from p in products 17: from r in pricingRules 18: select new { ProductID = p.ProductID, RuleID = r.RuleID };   Below the definition of the two entities using in the above example.   1: public class Product 2: { 3: public string ProductID { get; set; } 4: public string ProductName { get; set; } 5: } 1: public class PricingRule 2: { 3: public string RuleID { get; set; } 4: public string RuleType { get; set; } 5: }   Doing this: 1: foreach (var result in crossJoin) 2: { 3: Console.WriteLine("({0} , {1})", result.ProductID, result.RuleID); 4: }   The output should be similar on this:   ( P01   -    R_1 )   ( P01   -    R_2 )   ( P01   -    R_3 )   ( P02   -    R_1 )   ( P02   -    R_2 )   ( P02   -    R_3) Conclusion Cross join operation is useful when performing a Cartesian product of two sequences object. However, it can produce very large result sets that may caused a problem of performance. So use with precautions :)

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• Determining whether a visitor reached two different pages in one visit

  - by Shaun

  I have a funnel that I would like to track. Tracking this funnel won't work with the default "goal funnel" tracking in Google due to the fact that I am mixing events and pageviews. As such, I've created a series of reports: Visits to demo pages - An inclusion filter on "Page". Triggers an Event on these pages - An inclusion filter on "Page" and "Event Category". Does not bounce - An inclusion filter on "Page" and an exclusion filter on "Exit Page" for these same pages. Reach our storefront - ?? Purchase something - An inclusion filter on "Page" and a report that shows "Transactions". At a basic level, I need to track users who reached demo pages, then reached any page on our store. Intuitively, I created a segment, used two inclusive "Page" filters (one for the demo pages and one for any page in our store), and combined them with an "AND" operator. I thought this was working until I tried to do the same thing in a dashboard widget and on a custom report. When I tried the same thing in those areas, I got zero results. I figured this might be because widgets and custom report filters function differently from segment filters (the options are different for all of them), so I tried applying my "demo page && store page" segment to a report that gave me a general page list. All I saw was a list of the specific pages. I tried simplifying things by creating a custom report that showed all visits to store pages, then applied a segment that filtered for users who visited demo pages. This got me the same numbers as my "demo page && store page" segment, but showed a list of demo pages. This has led me to believe that the "demo page && store page segment" approach and the "demo segment && store report" functionally behave the same. However, this experience has left me questioning whether they're giving me what I want. Are these methods showing me all users who reached both sets of pages? Is there a better/easier/more standard way of doing this aside from looking at visitor flow reports? I'm trying to avoid a combination of custom variables/events and using the horizontal funnel approach since it would consume a large number of our limited goals and seems more complicated than is necessary for tracking this funnel.

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• F# and the useful infinite Sequence (I think)

  - by MarkPearl

  So I have seen a few posts done by other F# fans on solving project Euler problems. They looked really interesting and I thought with my limited knowledge of F# I would attempt a few and the first one I had a look at was problem 5. Which said : “2520 is the smallest number that can be divided by each of the numbers from 1 to 10 without any remainder. What is the smallest number that is evenly divisible by all of the numbers from 1 to 20?” So I jumped into coding it and straight away got stuck – the C# programmer in me wants to do a loop, starting at one and dividing every number by 1 to 20 to see if they all divide and once a match is found, there is your solution. Obviously not the most elegant way but a good old brute force approach. However I am pretty sure this would not be the F# way…. So after a bit of research I found the Sequences and how useful they were. Sequences seemed like the beginning of an approach to solve my problem. In my head I thought - create a sequence, and then start at the beginning of it and move through it till you find a value that is divisible by 1 to 20. Sounds reasonable? So the question is begged - how would you create a sequence that you are sure will be large enough to hold the solution to the problem? Well… You can’t know! Some more googling and I found what I would call infinite sequences – something that looks like this… let nums = 1 |> Seq.unfold (fun i -> Some (i, i + 1))   My interpretation of this would be as follows… create a sequence, and whenever it is called add 1 to its size (I would appreciate someone helping me on wording this right functionally). Something that I don’t understand fully yet is the forward pipe operator (|>) which I think plays a key role in this code. With this in hand I was able to code a basic optimized solution to this problem. I’m going to go over it some more before I post the full code just in case!

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• How to properly document functionality in an agile project?

  - by RoboShop

  So recently, we've just finished the first phase of our project. We used agile with fortnightly sprints. And whilst the application turned out well, we're now turning our eyes on some of the maintenance tasks. One maintenance task is that all of our documentation appears in the form of specs. These specs describe 1 or more stories and generally are a body of work which a few devs could knock over in a week. For development, that works really well - every two weeks, the devs get handed a spec and it's a nice discrete chunk of work that they can just do. From a documentation point of view, this has become a mess. The problem with writing specs that are focused on delivering just-in-time requirements to developers is we haven't placed much emphasis on the big picture. Specs come from all different angles - it could be describing a standard function, it could describing parts of a workflow, it could be describing a particular screen... And now, we have business rules about our application scattered across 120 documents. Looking for any document for a particular business rule or function in particular is quite hard because you don't know which document has this information, and making a change request is equally hard because once again, we are unsure about which spec to make the change. So we have maybe a couple of weeks of lull before it's back to specing out functionality for the next phase but in this time, I'd like to re-visit our processes. I think the way we have worked so far in terms of delivering fortnightly specs works well. But we also need a way to manage our documentation so that our business rules for a given function / workflow are easy to locate / change. I have two ideas. One is we compile all of our specs into a series of master specs broken by a few broad functional areas. The specs describe the sprint, the master spec describe the system. The only problem I can see is 1) Our existing 120 specs are not all neatly defined into broad functional areas. Some will require breaking up, merging etc. which will take a lot of time. 2) We'll be writing specs and updating master specs in each new sprint. Seems like double the work, and then do the devs look at the spec or the master spec? My other suggestion is to concede that our documentation is too big of a mess, and manage that mess going forward. So we go through each spec, assign like keywords to it, and then when we want to search for a function, we search for that keyword. Problems I can see 1) Still the problem of business rules scattered everywhere, keywords just make it easier to find it. anyway, if anyone has any decent ideas or any experience to share about how best to manage documentation, would really appreciate it.

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• Is the Observer pattern adequate for this kind of scenario?

  - by Omega

  I'm creating a simple game development framework with Ruby. There is a node system. A node is a game entity, and it has position. It can have children nodes (and one parent node). Children are always drawn relatively to their parent. Nodes have a @position field. Anyone can modify it. When such position is modified, the node must update its children accordingly to properly draw them relatively to it. @position contains a Point instance (a class with x and y properties, plus some other useful methods). I need to know when a node's @position's state changes, so I can tell the node to update its children. This is easy if the programmer does something like this: @node.position = Point.new(300,300) Because it is equivalent to calling this: # Code in the Node class def position=(newValue) @position = newValue update_my_children # <--- I know that the position changed end But, I'm lost when this happens: @node.position.x = 300 The only one that knows that the position changed is the Point instance stored in the @position property of the node. But I need the node to be notified! It was at this point that I considered the Observer pattern. Basically, Point is now observable. When a node's position property is given a new Point instance (through the assignment operator), it will stop observing the previous Point it had (if any), and start observing the new one. When a Point instance gets a state change, all observers (the node owning it) will be notified, so now my node can update its children when the position changes. A problem is when this happens: @someNode.position = @anotherNode.position This means that two nodes are observing the same point. If I change one of the node's position, the other would change as well. To fix this, when a position is assigned, I plan to create a new Point instance, copy the passed argument's x and y, and store my newly created point instead of storing the passed one. Another problem I fear is this: somePoint = @node.position somePoint.x = 500 This would, technically, modify @node's position. I'm not sure if anyone would be expecting that behavior. I'm under the impression that people see Point as some kind of primitive rather than an actual object. Is this approach even reasonable? Reasons I'm feeling skeptical: I've heard that the Observer pattern should be used with, well, many observers. Technically, in this scenario there is only one observer at a time. When assigning a node's position as another's (@someNode.position = @anotherNode.position), where I create a whole new instance rather than storing the passed point, it feels hackish, or even inefficient.

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• Error with python-setuptools doing "sudo easy_install python-graph-core"

  - by Dan

  Using easy_install, part of the python-setuptools, I get the following error: $ sudo easy_install python-graph-core [sudo] password for dan: Searching for python-graph-core Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/python-graph-core/ Reading http://code.google.com/p/python-graph/ Reading http://code.google.com/p/python-graph/downloads/list?can=1 Reading http://code.google.com/p/python-graph/downloads/list Best match: python-graph-core 1.7.0 Downloading http://python-graph.googlecode.com/files/python-graph-core-1.7.0.tar.gz Processing python-graph-core-1.7.0.tar.gz Running python-graph-core-1.7.0/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-GwpYiM/python-graph-core-1.7.0/egg-dist-tmp-1yqbyV setup.py:8: Warning: 'as' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/easy_install", line 8, in <module> load_entry_point('setuptools==0.6c9', 'console_scripts', 'easy_install')() File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1671, in main with_ei_usage(lambda: File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1659, in with_ei_usage return f() File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1675, in <lambda> distclass=DistributionWithoutHelpCommands, **kw File "/usr/lib/python2.5/distutils/core.py", line 151, in setup dist.run_commands() File "/usr/lib/python2.5/distutils/dist.py", line 974, in run_commands self.run_command(cmd) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/distutils/dist.py", line 994, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 211, in run self.easy_install(spec, not self.no_deps) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 446, in easy_install return self.install_item(spec, dist.location, tmpdir, deps) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 476, in install_item dists = self.install_eggs(spec, download, tmpdir) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 655, in install_eggs return self.build_and_install(setup_script, setup_base) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 930, in build_and_install self.run_setup(setup_script, setup_base, args) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 919, in run_setup run_setup(setup_script, args) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 27, in run_setup lambda: execfile( File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 63, in run return func() File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 29, in <lambda> {'__file__':setup_script, '__name__':'__main__'} File "setup.py", line 8 except ImportError as ie: ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax Any suggestions to what I may be doing wrong? Thanks, Dan

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• Error in data view when connecting to an Oracle DB

  - by Mike Polen

  When using SharePoint Designer I found this link that stepped me through how to get it working: http://spsolution.blogspot.com/2008/12/how-to-insert-data-source-in-sharepoint.html That allowed SharePoint Designer to talk to Oracle, but when I placed a data view on a page it gave me the following error: Error while executing web part: System.Data.OracleClient.OracleException: ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected at System.Data.OracleClient.OracleConnection.CheckError(OciErrorHandle errorHandle, Int32 rc) at System.Data.OracleClient.OracleCommand.Execute(OciStatementHandle statementHandle, CommandBehavior behavior, Boolean needRowid, OciRowidDescriptor& rowidDescriptor, ArrayList& resultParameterOrdinals) at System.Data.OracleClient.OracleCommand.Execute(OciStatementHandle statementHandle, CommandBehavior behavior, ArrayList& resultParameterOrdinals) at System.Data.OracleClient.OracleCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior behavior) at System.Data.OracleClient.OracleCommand.ExecuteDbDataReader(CommandBehavior behavior) at System.Data.Common.DbCommand.Syst... 09/14/2009 14:40:23.52* w3wp.exe (0x0FA0) 0x1A88 Windows SharePoint Services Web Parts 89a1 Monitorable ... em.Data.IDbCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior behavior) at System.Data.Common.DbDataAdapter.FillInternal(DataSet dataset, DataTable[] datatables, Int32 startRecord, Int32 maxRecords, String srcTable, IDbCommand command, CommandBehavior behavior) at System.Data.Common.DbDataAdapter.Fill(DataSet dataSet, Int32 startRecord, Int32 maxRecords, String srcTable, IDbCommand command, CommandBehavior behavior) at System.Data.Common.DbDataAdapter.Fill(DataSet dataSet, String srcTable) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.SqlDataSourceView.ExecuteSelect(DataSourceSelectArguments arguments) at System.Web.UI.DataSourceView.Select(DataSourceSelectArguments arguments, DataSourceViewSelectCallback callback) at Microsoft.SharePoint.WebControls.SingleDataSource.GetXPathNavigatorInternal() ... 09/14/2009 14:40:23.52* w3wp.exe (0x0FA0) 0x1A88 Windows SharePoint Services Web Parts 89a1 Monitorable ... at Microsoft.SharePoint.WebControls.SingleDataSource.GetXPathNavigator() at Microsoft.SharePoint.WebControls.SingleDataSource.GetXPathNavigator(IDataSource datasource, Boolean originalData) at Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages.DataFormWebPart.GetXPathNavigator(String viewPath) at Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages.DataFormWebPart.PrepareAndPerformTransform() I am mystified.

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• Vim: Custom Folding function done, custom highlighting required

  - by sixtyfootersdude

  I have defined a function in vim to properly indent folds. Ie so they look like this: Unfolded this is text also text indented text indented text not indented text folded with default function this is text also text +-- 2 lines: indented text ---------------------------- not indented text folded with my new function this is text also text ++- 2 lines: indented text ---------------------------- not indented text The only problem is the the highlighting is still like this: folded with my new function (highlighting shown with tag) this is text also text <hi> ++- 2 lines: indented text ----------------------------</hi> not indented text I would like the highlighting to start at the ++ and not at the beginning of the line. I have looked in the vim manual but could not find anything like that. One so-so solution I found was to make the background black. highlight Folded ctermbg=black ctermfg=white cterm=bold But this make folds less visible. I have tried several variations of: syn keyword Folded lines syn region Folded ... But I don't think that this is the way that folds are selected. Can anyone offer a suggestion? By the way this is my function to indent the folds: set foldmethod=indent function! MyFoldText() let lines = 1 + v:foldend - v:foldstart let ind = indent(v:foldstart) let spaces = '' let i = 0 while i < ind let i = i+1 let spaces = spaces . ' ' endwhile let linestxt = 'lines' if lines == 1 linestxt = 'line' endif return spaces . '+' . v:folddashes . ' '. lines . ' ' . linestxt . ': ' . getline(v:foldstaendfunction endfunction au BufWinEnter,BufRead,BufNewFile * set foldtext=MyFoldText() By the way thanks to njd for helping me get this function setup.

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• Safari's location bar (auto-suggest and web search)

  - by Lri

  Auto-suggest don't seem to work for queries with spaces. Am I missing something? If you select an item from the suggestion list that was matched by its title, the title is filled in before the address. Can you change it to work like in other browsers? SMRT disables searching by title completely. Can you combine Top Hit, History and Bookmarks into a single section? The preferences starting with DebugSafari4 don't work anymore. (Like DebugSafari4IncludeFancyURLCompletionList.) Can you direct unresolved addresses to something like google.com/search?q=?&btnI instead of ?.com? Like by changing keyword.URL in Firefox. Can you remove or hide the web search field? In Camino, Cruz and Fluid it can be resized to zero width. You can't circumvent the normal maximum ratio with InputFieldWidthRatio. AddressBarIncludesGoogle doesn't appear do anything in the current version. Are there fixes or workarounds to any of these? I'm lumping these issues together, because they are closely related — a lot of them were introduced when the location bar was redesigned in Safari 5. I'm also hoping to find something like an extension or a plugin that would replace the standard location bar.

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• See former key sequences in vim

  - by Vasiliy Sharapov

  Sometimes I share screen shots and clips of vim usage with others. It would be nice to expand on the part of the status bar highlighted in this picture: I would like some way to make previous key sequences visible as well, such as: y2w jj f[ p 2d - You can see the key sequences leading up to the current one. I'll elaborate on my wish list at the bottom. Is something like this is available as a plugin or vim script? The sheer number of scripts available on vim online makes this hard to find by keyword. Some features I would hope for (but seem improbable): Delimit key sequences with a non-keyboard character instead of space, and a different one for the current command, so y2w jj f[ p 2d might become y2w¦jj¦f[¦p » 2d Replace keys that have a letter alternative with the alternative, such as the right arrow key - ^[[C with the equivalent l. Edit: To clarify, the right arrow key is a valid key in vim, but has no character to represent it, the l key preforms the same function and could/should substitute it. Have previous keystrokes run all the way to the beginning of the line (instead of just one or two), and just have vim's command prompt overwrite it when necessary. Replace some keystrokes with a more elegant alternative, for example hhhhh with 5h or more impressively d2f) with d% (in the appropriate situation).

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• Search for files after a relative date using Windows search

  - by Zoredache

  I am looking for a way to save a search that includes a relative date. Specifically I am looking for a way to save a search that matches files that have a modification date that is 7 days ago. I have read the Windows Search Advanced Query Syntax document and I am not seeing a way to say 7 days ago. The numbers and ranges section does mention that relative dates are possible. The problem is that the relative dates described there do not fit the criteria I need. The lastweek almost looks like what I want except if I run a query like after:lastweek on a Monday it will only show my file that have been modified since Sunday at 12:00. The lastweek/lastmonth seem to relative to the start of the week/month which is not what I need. Multi-word relative dates: week, next month, last week, past month, or coming year. The values can also be entered contracted, as follows: thisweek, nextmonth, lastweek, pastmonth, comingyear. One nice thing about saved searches is that they are stored as an XML document and the file format is documented. I am not seeing how to form a correct value for a datetime. If I was able to understand this format, I suspect I could use a text editor and created a saved search that does what I want. Fragment from the examples: <conditions> <condition type="leafCondition" valuetype="System.StructuredQueryType.DateTime" property="System.DateModified" operator="imp" value="R00UUUUUUUUZZXD-30NU" propertyType="wstr" /> </conditions> To summarize I am looking for an answer to one or both of these questions How do I make a query for '7 days ago' using the standard syntax? How is the DateTime stored in a saved search?

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• How Do I Secure WordPress Blogs Against Elemento_pcx Exploit?

  - by Volomike

  I have a client who has several WordPress 2.9.2 blogs that he hosts. They are getting a deface kind of hack with the Elemento_pcx exploit somehow. It drops these files in the root folder of the blog: -rw-r--r-- 1 userx userx 1459 Apr 16 04:25 default.htm -rw-r--r-- 1 userx userx 1459 Apr 16 04:25 default.php -rw-r--r-- 1 userx userx 1459 Apr 16 04:25 index.asp -rw-r--r-- 1 userx userx 1459 Apr 16 04:25 index.aspx -rw-r--r-- 1 userx userx 1459 Apr 16 04:25 index.htm -rw-r--r-- 1 userx userx 1459 Apr 16 04:25 index.html -rwxr-xr-x 1 userx userx 1459 Apr 16 04:25 index.php* It overwrites index.php. A keyword inside each file is "Elemento_pcx". It shows a white fist with a black background and the phrase "HACKED" in bold letters above it. We cannot determine how it gets in to do what it does. The wp-admin password isn't hard, but it's also not very easy either. I'll change it up a little to show you what the password sort of looks like: wviking10. Do you think it's using an engine to crack the password? If so, how come our server logs aren't flooded with wp-admin requests as it runs down a random password list? The wp-content folder has no changes inside it, but is run as chmod 777 because wp-cache required it. Also, the wp-content/cache folder is run as chmod 777 too.

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• VoIP setup for one external PSTN line

  - by Jcl

  I'm completely new to VoIP and the likes, and I'm trying to find information about what could be the best setup for this. I need 4 (maybe more in the future, but maximum 5 or 6) wireless extensions, connected to 1 PSTN line, and maybe 2 in the future. I've been trying to gather information about the gear needed but everything I find seems too much over-the-top (and extremely expensive). The main problem is that the physical place we are on doesn't have possibilities of having a decent internet connection, so using a external VoIP "virtual PBX" is not an option. Thing is, even if small, phone is critical to this organization. I currently have an analog DECT/GAP PBX which does what I need, however the PBX is very bad and the call quality is horrible, and that's why I want to change it. The requirements would be: 4 wireless terminals (routing cable is not an option), all of them ringing on incoming PSTN calls. Ability to do internal calls (4 separate offices) and ability to pass calls between terminals. The 4 terminals should be able to access the external PSTN line without dialing any special codes. Very important: terminals should be able to issue commands on the PSTN line to the external operator in the form *nn*nnnnnnnn# . Don't know wether this could face to be a problem, but I've had problems with analog PBX which would take any * as a PBX command and wouldn't allow terminals to send it to the external lines. Not so important, but would be nice to have: call waiting music Could anyone recommend such a setup? I need to be able to do this on a EXTREMELY LIMITED budget (that is: I don't have a limit, but all should get as much to zero as possible). I have enough spare powerful computers and a 300mbps wireless network which works just fine, so that's not to include in the budget. Don't really know if this is the best place to ask, but it's the most StackExchange-related site I've found to this subject.

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