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  • how do i edit a running python program?

    - by Jeremiah Rose
    scenario: a modular app that loads .py modules on the fly as it works. programmer (me) wishes to edit the code of a module and and then re-load it into the program without halting execution. can this be done? i have tried running import a second time on an updated module.py, but the changes are not picked up

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  • Using Python's ConfigParser to read a file without section name

    - by Arrieta
    Hello: I am using ConfigParser to read the runtime configuration of a script. I would like to have the flexibility of not providing a section name (there are scripts which are simple enough; they don't need a 'section'). ConfigParser will throw the NoSectionError exception, and will not accept the file. How can I make ConfigParser simply retrieve the (key, value) tuples of a config file without section names? For instance: key1=val1 key2:val2 I would rather not write to the config file.

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  • Reading HTTP server push streams with Python

    - by Sam
    I'm playing around trying to write a client for a site which provides data as an HTTP stream (aka HTTP server push). However, urllib2.urlopen() grabs the stream in its current state and then closes the connection. I tried skipping urllib2 and using httplib directly, but this seems to have the same behaviour. Is there a way to get the stream to stay open, so it can be checked each program loop for new contents, rather than waiting for the whole thing to be redownloaded every few seconds, introducing lag?

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  • Python - Number of Significant Digits in results of division

    - by russ
    Newbie here. I have the following code: myADC = 128 maxVoltage = 5.0 maxADC = 255.0 VoltsPerADC = maxVoltage/maxADC myVolts = myADC * VoltsPerADC print "myADC = {0: >3}".format(myADC) print "VoltsPerADC = {0: >7}".format(VoltsPerADC) print VoltsPerADC print "myVolts = {0: >7}".format(myVolts) print myVolts This outputs the following: myADC = 128 VoltsPerADC = 0.0196078 0.0196078431373 myVolts = 2.5098 2.50980392157 I have been searching for an explanation of how the number of significant digits is determined by default, but have had trouble locating an explanation that makes sense to me. This link link text suggests that by default the "print" statement prints numbers to 10 significant figures, but that does not seem to be the case in my results. How are the number of significant digits/precision determined? Can someone shed some light on this for me. Thanks in advance for your time and patience.

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  • Calling/selecting variables (float valued) with user input in Python

    - by Jonathan Straus
    I've been working on a computational physics project (plotting related rates of chemical reactants with respect to eachother to show oscillatory behavior) with a fair amount of success. However, one of my simulations involves more than two active oscillating agents (five, in fact) which would obviously be unsuitable for any single visual plot... My scheme was hence to have the user select which two reactants they wanted plotted on the x-axis and y-axis respectively. I tried (foolishly) to convert string input values into the respective variable names, but I guess I need a radically different approach if any exist? If it helps clarify any, here is part of my code: def coupledBrusselator(A, B, t_trial,display_x,display_y): t = 0 t_step = .01 X = 0 Y = 0 E = 0 U = 0 V = 0 dX = (A) - (B+1)*(X) + (X**2)*(Y) dY = (B)*(X) - (X**2)*(Y) dE = -(E)*(U) - (X) dU = (U**2)*(V) -(E+1)*(U) - (B)*(X) dV = (E)*(U) - (U**2)*(V) array_t = [0] array_X = [0] array_Y = [0] array_U = [0] array_V = [0] while t <= t_trial: X_1 = X + (dX)*(t_step/2) Y_1 = Y + (dY)*(t_step/2) E_1 = E + (dE)*(t_step/2) U_1 = U + (dU)*(t_step/2) V_1 = V + (dV)*(t_step/2) dX_1 = (A) - (B+1)*(X_1) + (X_1**2)*(Y_1) dY_1 = (B)*(X_1) - (X_1**2)*(Y_1) dE_1 = -(E_1)*(U_1) - (X_1) dU_1 = (U_1**2)*(V_1) -(E_1+1)*(U_1) - (B)*(X_1) dV_1 = (E_1)*(U_1) - (U_1**2)*(V_1) X_2 = X + (dX_1)*(t_step/2) Y_2 = Y + (dY_1)*(t_step/2) E_2 = E + (dE_1)*(t_step/2) U_2 = U + (dU_1)*(t_step/2) V_2 = V + (dV_1)*(t_step/2) dX_2 = (A) - (B+1)*(X_2) + (X_2**2)*(Y_2) dY_2 = (B)*(X_2) - (X_2**2)*(Y_2) dE_2 = -(E_2)*(U_2) - (X_2) dU_2 = (U_2**2)*(V_2) -(E_2+1)*(U_2) - (B)*(X_2) dV_2 = (E_2)*(U_2) - (U_2**2)*(V_2) X_3 = X + (dX_2)*(t_step) Y_3 = Y + (dY_2)*(t_step) E_3 = E + (dE_2)*(t_step) U_3 = U + (dU_2)*(t_step) V_3 = V + (dV_2)*(t_step) dX_3 = (A) - (B+1)*(X_3) + (X_3**2)*(Y_3) dY_3 = (B)*(X_3) - (X_3**2)*(Y_3) dE_3 = -(E_3)*(U_3) - (X_3) dU_3 = (U_3**2)*(V_3) -(E_3+1)*(U_3) - (B)*(X_3) dV_3 = (E_3)*(U_3) - (U_3**2)*(V_3) X = X + ((dX + 2*dX_1 + 2*dX_2 + dX_3)/6) * t_step Y = Y + ((dX + 2*dY_1 + 2*dY_2 + dY_3)/6) * t_step E = E + ((dE + 2*dE_1 + 2*dE_2 + dE_3)/6) * t_step U = U + ((dU + 2*dU_1 + 2*dY_2 + dE_3)/6) * t_step V = V + ((dV + 2*dV_1 + 2*dV_2 + dE_3)/6) * t_step dX = (A) - (B+1)*(X) + (X**2)*(Y) dY = (B)*(X) - (X**2)*(Y) t_step = .01 / (1 + dX**2 + dY**2) ** .5 t = t + t_step array_X.append(X) array_Y.append(Y) array_E.append(E) array_U.append(U) array_V.append(V) array_t.append(t) where previously display_x = raw_input("Choose catalyst you wish to analyze in the phase/field diagrams (X, Y, E, U, or V) ") display_y = raw_input("Choose one other catalyst from list you wish to include in phase/field diagrams ") coupledBrusselator(A, B, t_trial, display_x, display_y) Thanks!

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  • Flickr API automated login using Python library flickrapi

    - by Dave Aaron Smith
    I have a web application that I want to sync with Flickr. I don't want the users to have to log into Flickr so I plan to use a single login. I believe I'll need to do something like this: import flickrapi flickr = flickrapi.FlickrAPI(myKey, mySecret) (token, frob) = flickr.get_token_part_one(perms='write', my_auth_callback) flickr.get_token_part_two((token, frob,)) flickr.what_have_you(... I don't know what my_auth_callback should look like though. I suspect it will have to post my login information to flickr. Could I do the get_token_part_one step just once manually perhaps and then re-use it in get_token_part_two?

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  • writing header in csv python with DictWriter

    - by user248237
    assume I have a csv.DictReader object and I want to write it out as a csv file. How can I do this? I thought of the following: dr = csv.DictReader(open(f), delimiter='\t') # process my dr object # ... # write out object output = csv.DictWriter(open(f2, 'w'), delimiter='\t') for item in dr: output.writerow(item) Is that the best way? More importantly, how can I make it so a header is written out too, in this case the object "dr"s .fieldnames property? thanks.

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  • wx Python is not properly drawing customtree items

    - by uberjumper
    Hi, I am currently using wx.CustomTree, to use to display a series of configuration settings. I generally fill them with wx.TextCtrl / wx.Combobox, to allow the user to edit / enter stuff. Here is my code: class ConfigTree(CT.CustomTreeCtrl): """ Holds all non gui drawing panel stuff """ def __init__(self, parent): CT.CustomTreeCtrl.__init__(self, parent, id = common.ID_CONTROL_SETTINGS, style = wx.TR_DEFAULT_STYLE | wx.TR_HAS_BUTTONS | wx.TR_HAS_VARIABLE_ROW_HEIGHT | wx.TR_SINGLE) #self.HideWindows() #self.RefreshSubtree(self.root) self.population_size_ctrl = None self.SetSizeHints(350, common.FRAME_SIZE[1]) self.root = self.AddRoot("Configuration Settings") child = self.AppendItem(self.root, "Foo", wnd=wx.TextCtrl(self, wx.ID_ANY, "Lots Of Muffins")) The problem is, any children nodes, the data for these nodes is not filled in. When i basically expand the configuration settings tree node. I see the "Foo" node, however the textbox is empty. This is the same for both text node, Until i actually click on the child node. I've looked tried every form of update / etc. Does anyone have any ideas?

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  • python multithreading for dummies

    - by albruno
    trying to find a simple example that clearly shows a single task being divided for multi-threading. Quite frankly... many of the examples are overly sophisticated thus.... making the flow tougher to play with... anyone care to share their breakthrough sample or point to an example? As well, what is the best docs? many google lookups are too specific (for me at this stage) Thanks in advance.

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  • Extract strings in python

    - by shadyabhi
    Basically, I want to extract the strings "AAA", "BBB", "CCC", "DDD" from a text file.. ...... (other text goes here)..... <TD align="left" class=texttd><font class='textfont'>AAA</font></TD> ..... (useless text here)..... <TD align="left" class=texttd><font class='textfont'>BBB</font></TD> ....(more text)..... <TD align="left" class=texttd><font class='textfont'>CCC</font></TD> <TD align="left" class=texttd><font class='textfont'>DDD</font></TD> ......(more text)..... I want something like if I do:- data = foo("file.txt") i get:- data = ['AAA','BBB','CCC','DDD'] What is the best possible way? My file is not big..

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  • python, wrapping class returning the average of the wrapped members

    - by João Portela
    The title isn't very clear but I'll try to explain. Having this class: class Wrapped(object): def method_a(self): # do some operations return n def method_b(self): # also do some operations return n I wan't to have a class that performs the same way as this one: class Wrapper(object): def __init__(self): self.ws = [Wrapped(1),Wrapped(2),Wrapped(3)] def method_a(self): results=[Wrapped.method_a(w) for w in self.ws] sum_ = sum(results,0.0) average = sum_/len(self.ws) return average def method_b(self): results=[Wrapped.method_b(w) for w in self.ws] sum_ = sum(results,0.0) average = sum_/len(self.ws) return average obviously this is not the actual problem at hand (it is not only two methods), and this code is also incomplete (only included the minimum to explain the problem). So, what i am looking for is a way to obtain this behavior. Meaning, whichever method is called in the wrapper class, call that method for all the Wrapped class objects and return the average of their results. Can it be done? how? Thanks in advance. ps-didn't know which tags to include...

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  • Parsing specific numeric data from csv file using python

    - by KJ Lim
    Good morning. I have series of data in cvs file like below, 1,,, 1,137.1,1198,1.6 2,159,300,0.4 3,176,253,0.3 4,197,231,0.3 5,198,525,0.7 6,199,326,0.4 7,215,183,0.2 8,217.1,178,0.2 9,244.2,416,0.5 10,245.1,316,0.4 I want to extract specific data from second column for example 217.1 and 245.1 and have them concatenated into a new file like, 8,217.1,178,0.2 10,245.1,316,0.4 I use cvs module to read my cvs file, but, I can't extract specific data as I desire. Could anyone kindly please help me. Thank you.

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  • How should I use random.jumpahead in Python

    - by Peter Smit
    I have a application that does a certain experiment 1000 times (multi-threaded, so that multiple experiments are done at the same time). Every experiment needs appr. 50.000 random.random() calls. What is the best approach to get this really random. I could copy a random object to every experiment and do than a jumpahead of 50.000 * expid. The documentation suggests that jumpahead(1) already scrambles the state, but is that really true? Or is there another way to do this in 'the best way'? (No, the random numbers are not used for security, but for a metropolis hasting algorithm. The only requirement is that the experiments are independent, not whether the random sequence is somehow predictable or so)

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  • Help with copy and deepcopy in Python

    - by Az
    Hi there, I think I tried to ask for far too much in my previous question so apologies for that. Let me lay out my situation in as simple a manner as I can this time. Basically, I've got a bunch of dictionaries that reference my objects, which are in turn mapped using SQLAlchemy. All fine with me. However, I want to make iterative changes to the contents of those dictionaries. The problem is that doing so will change the objects they reference---and using copy.copy() does no good since it only copies the references contained within the dictionary. Thus even if copied something, when I try to, say print the contents of the dictionary, I'll only get the latest updated values for the object. This is why I wanted to use copy.deepcopy() but that does not work with SQLAlchemy. Now I'm in a dilemma since I need to copy certain attributes of my object before making said iterative changes. In summary, I need to use SQLAlchemy and at the same time make sure I can have a copy of my object attributes when making changes so I don't change the referenced object itself. Any advice, help, suggestions, etc.?

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  • Copy string - Python

    - by Francisco Aleixo
    Ok guys I imagine this is easy but I can't seem to find how to copy a string. Simply COPY to the system like CTRL+C on a text. Basically I want to copy a string so I can for example, lets say, paste(ctrl+v). Sorry for such a trivial question, haha.

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  • getting expat to use .dtd for entity replacement in python

    - by nicolas78
    I'm trying to read in an xml file which looks like this <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!DOCTYPE dblp SYSTEM "dblp.dtd"> <dblp> <incollection> <author>Jos&eacute; A. Blakeley</author> </incollection> </dblp> The point that creates the problem looks is the Jos&eacute; A. Blakeley part: The parser calls its character handler twice, once with "Jos", once with " A. Blakeley". Now I understand this may be the correct behaviour if it doesn't know the eacute entity. However, this is defined in the dblp.dtd, which I have. I don't seem to be able to convince expat to use this file, though. All I can say is p = xml.parsers.expat.ParserCreate() # tried with and without following line p.SetParamEntityParsing(xml.parsers.expat.XML_PARAM_ENTITY_PARSING_ALWAYS) p.UseForeignDTD(True) f = open(dblp_file, "r") p.ParseFile(f) but expat still doesn't recognize my entity. Why is there no way to tell expat which DTD to use? I've tried putting the file into the same directory as the XML putting the file into the program's working directory replacing the reference in the xml file by an absolute path What am I missing? Thx.

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  • [Python] - Getting data from external program

    - by Kenny M.
    Hey, I need a method to get the data from an external editor. def _get_content(): from subprocess import call file = open(file, "w").write(some_name) call(editor + " " + file, shell=True) file.close() file = open(file) x = file.readlines() [snip] I personally think this is a very ugly way. You see I need to interact with an external editor and get the data. Do you know any better approaches/have better ideas?

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  • How to merge duplicates in 2D python arrays

    - by Wei Lou
    Hi, I have a set of data similar to this: No Start Time End Time CallType Info 1 13:14:37.236 13:14:53.700 Ping1 RTT(Avr):160ms 2 13:14:58.955 13:15:29.984 Ping2 RTT(Avr):40ms 3 13:19:12.754 13:19:14.757 Ping3_1 RTT(Avr):620ms 3 13:19:12.754 Ping3_2 RTT(Avr):210ms 4 13:14:58.955 13:15:29.984 Ping4 RTT(Avr):360ms 5 13:19:12.754 13:19:14.757 Ping1 RTT(Avr):40ms 6 13:19:59.862 13:20:01.522 Ping2 RTT(Avr):163ms ... when i parse through it, i need merge the results of Ping3_1 and Ping3_2. Then take average of those two row export as one row. So the end of result would be like this: No Start Time End Time CallType Info 1 13:14:37.236 13:14:53.700 Ping1 RTT(Avr):160ms 2 13:14:58.955 13:15:29.984 Ping2 RTT(Avr):40ms 3 13:19:12.754 13:19:14.757 Ping3 RTT(Avr):415ms 4 13:14:58.955 13:15:29.984 Ping4 RTT(Avr):360ms 5 13:19:12.754 13:19:14.757 Ping1 RTT(Avr):40ms 6 13:19:59.862 13:20:01.522 Ping2 RTT(Avr):163ms currently i am concatenating column 0 and 1 to make a unique key, find duplication there then doing rest of special treatment for those parallel Pings. It is not elegant at all. Just wonder what is the better way to do it. Thanks!

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  • python unittest howto

    - by zubin71
    I`d like to know how I could unit-test the following module. def download_distribution(url, tempdir): """ Method which downloads the distribution from PyPI """ print "Attempting to download from %s" % (url,) try: url_handler = urllib2.urlopen(url) distribution_contents = url_handler.read() url_handler.close() filename = get_file_name(url) file_handler = open(os.path.join(tempdir, filename), "w") file_handler.write(distribution_contents) file_handler.close() return True except ValueError, IOError: return False

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  • Python Threading

    - by anteater7171
    I'm trying to make a simple program that continually displays and updates a label that displays the CPU usage, while having other unrelated things going on. I've done enough research to know that threading is likely going to be involved. However, I'm having trouble applying what I've seen in simple examples of threading to what I'm trying to do. What I currently have going: import Tkinter import psutil,time from PIL import Image, ImageTk class simpleapp_tk(Tkinter.Tk): def __init__(self,parent): Tkinter.Tk.__init__(self,parent) self.parent = parent self.initialize() def initialize(self): self.labelVariable = Tkinter.StringVar() self.label = Tkinter.Label(self,textvariable=self.labelVariable) self.label.pack() self.button = Tkinter.Button(self,text='button',command=self.A) self.button.pack() def A (self): G = str(round(psutil.cpu_percent(), 1)) + '%' print G self.labelVariable.set(G) def B (self): print "hello" if __name__ == "__main__": app = simpleapp_tk(None) app.mainloop() In the above code I'm basically trying to get command A continually running, while allowing command B to be done when the users presses the button.

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  • Which Python XML library should I use?

    - by PulpFiction
    Hello. I am going to handle XML files for a project. I had earlier decided to use lxml but after reading the requirements, I think ElemenTree would be better for my purpose. The XML files that have to be processed are: Small in size. Typically < 10 KB. No namespaces. Simple XML structure. Given the small XML size, memory is not an issue. My only concern is fast parsing. What should I go with? Mostly I have seen people recommend lxml, but given my parsing requirements, do I really stand to benefit from it or would ElementTree serve my purpose better?

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