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  • Python float copy question

    - by SJA
    Hi, I'm puzzled by some behaviour I'm seeing when copying a float array member into another variable - please help! For example data_entry[1] = 9.6850069951 new_value = data_entry[1] <comment> #print both 9.6850069951 9.6850663300 I'm aware of the problem of binary storage of floats but I thought with a direct copy of memory we would end up with the same value. Any ideas? I need better precision than this! thanks in advance Stuart

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  • Python creating a dictionary and swapping these into another file

    - by satsurae
    Hi all, I have two tab delimited .csv file. From one.csv I have created a dictionary which looks like: 'EB2430': ' "\t"idnD "\t"yjgV "\t"b4267 "\n', 'EB3128': ' "\t"yagE "\t\t"b0268 "\n', 'EB3945': ' "\t"maeB "\t"ypfF "\t"b2463 "\n', 'EB3944': ' "\t"eutS "\t"ypfE "\t"b2462 "\n', I would like to insert the value of the dictionary into the second.csv file which looks like: "EB2430" 36.81 364 222 4 72 430 101 461 1.00E-063 237 "EB3128" 26.04 169 108 6 42 206 17 172 6.00E-006 45.8 "EB3945" 20.6 233 162 6 106 333 33 247 6.00E-005 42.4 "EB3944" 19.07 367 284 6 1 355 1 366 2.00E-023 103 With a resultant output tab delimited: 'EB2430' idnD yjgV b4267 36.81 364 222 4 72 430 101 461 1.00E-063 237 'EB3128' yagE b0268 26.04 169 108 6 42 206 17 172 6.00E-006 45.8 'EB3945' maeB ypfF b2463 20.6 233 162 6 106 333 33 247 6.00E-005 42.4 'EB3944' eutS ypfE b2462 19.07 367 284 6 1 355 1 366 2.00E-023 103 Here is my code for creating the dictionary: f = open ("one.csv", "r") g = open ("second.csv", "r") eb = [] desc = [] di = {} for line in f: for row in f: eb.append(row[1:7]) desc.append(row[7:]) di = dict(zip(eb,desc)) Sorry for it being so long-winded!! I've not been programming for long. Cheers! Sat

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  • Python: circular imports needed for type checking

    - by phild
    First of all: I do know that there are already many questions and answers to the topic of the circular imports. The answer is more or less: "Design your Module/Class structure properly and you will not need circular imports". That is true. I tried very hard to make a proper design for my current project, I in my opinion I was successful with this. But my specific problem is the following: I need a type check in a module that is already imported by the module containing the class to check against. But this throws an import error. Like so: foo.py: from bar import Bar class Foo(object): def __init__(self): self.__bar = Bar(self) bar.py: from foo import Foo class Bar(object): def __init__(self, arg_instance_of_foo): if not isinstance(arg_instance_of_foo, Foo): raise TypeError() Solution 1: If I modified it to check the type by a string comparison, it will work. But I dont really like this solution (string comparsion is rather expensive for a simple type check, and could get a problem when it comes to refactoring). bar_modified.py: from foo import Foo class Bar(object): def __init__(self, arg_instance_of_foo): if not arg_instance_of_foo.__class__.__name__ == "Foo": raise TypeError() Solution 2: I could also pack the two classes into one module. But my project has lots of different classes like the "Bar" example, and I want to seperate them into different module files. After my own 2 solutions are no option for me: Has anyone a nicer solution for this problem?

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  • Key word extraction in Python

    - by oliland
    I'm building a website in django that needs to extract key words from short (twitter-like) messages. I've looked at packages like topia.textextract and nltk - but both seem to be overkill for what I need to do. All I need to do is filter words like "and", "or", "not" while keeping nouns and verbs that aren't conjunctives or other parts of speech. Are there any "simpler" packages out there that can do this? EDIT: This needs to be done in near real-time on a production website, so using a keyword extraction service seems out of the question, based on their response times and request throttling.

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  • Plotting 3D Polygons in python-matplotlib

    - by Developer
    I was unsuccessful browsing web for a solution for the following simple question: How to draw 3D polygon (say a filled rectangle or triangle) using vertices values? I have tried many ideas but all failed, see: from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D from matplotlib.collections import PolyCollection import matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig = plt.figure() ax = Axes3D(fig) x = [0,1,1,0] y = [0,0,1,1] z = [0,1,0,1] verts = [zip(x, y,z)] ax.add_collection3d(PolyCollection(verts),zs=z) plt.show() I appreciate in advance any idea/comment. Updates based on the accepted answer: import mpl_toolkits.mplot3d as a3 import matplotlib.colors as colors import pylab as pl import scipy as sp ax = a3.Axes3D(pl.figure()) for i in range(10000): vtx = sp.rand(3,3) tri = a3.art3d.Poly3DCollection([vtx]) tri.set_color(colors.rgb2hex(sp.rand(3))) tri.set_edgecolor('k') ax.add_collection3d(tri) pl.show() Here is the result:

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  • Python how to execute generate code ?

    - by Natim
    Hello guys I have this code, and I would like to use the app parameter to generate the code instead of duplicating it. if app == 'map': try: from modulo.map.views import map return map(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass elif app == 'schedule': try: from modulo.schedule.views import schedule_day return schedule_day(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass elif app == 'sponsors': try: from modulo.sponsors.views import sponsors return sponsors(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass elif app == 'streaming': try: from modulo.streaming.views import streaming return streaming(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass Do you have any idea ? Thanks

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  • Python __import__ parameter confusion

    - by CMC
    I'm trying to import a module, while passing some global variables, but it does not seem to work: File test_1: test_2 = __import__("test_2", {"testvar": 1}) File test_2: print testvar This seems like it should work, and print a 1, but I get the following error when I run test_1: Traceback (most recent call last): File ".../test_1.py", line 1, in <module> print testvar NameError: name 'testvar' is not defined What am I doing wrong?

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  • How to get unique numbers using randomint python?

    - by user2519572
    I am creating a 'Euromillions Lottery generator' just for fun and I keep getting the same numbers printing out. How can I make it so that I get random numbers and never get the same number popping up: from random import randint numbers = randint(1,50) stars = randint(1,11) print "Your lucky numbers are: ", numbers, numbers, numbers, numbers, numbers print "Your lucky stars are: " , stars, stars The output is just: >>> Your lucky numbers are: 41 41 41 41 41 >>> Your lucky stars are: 8 8 >>> Good bye! How can I fix this? Regards

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  • Python 4 step setup with progressBars

    - by Samuel Taylor
    I'm having a problem with the code below. When I run it the progress bar will pulse for around 10 secs as meant to and then move on to downloading and will show the progress but when finished it will not move on to the next step it just locks up. import sys import time import pygtk import gtk import gobject import threading import urllib import urlparse class WorkerThread(threading.Thread): def __init__ (self, function, parent, arg = None): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.function = function self.parent = parent self.arg = arg self.parent.still_working = True def run(self): # when does "run" get executed? self.parent.still_working = True if self.arg == None: self.function() else: self.function(self.arg) self.parent.still_working = False def stop(self): self = None class MainWindow: def __init__(self): gtk.gdk.threads_init() self.wTree = gtk.Builder() self.wTree.add_from_file("gui.glade") self.mainWindows() def mainWindows(self): self.mainWindow = self.wTree.get_object("frmMain") dic = { "on_btnNext_clicked" : self.mainWindowNext, } self.wTree.connect_signals(dic) self.mainWindow.show() self.installerStep = 0 # 0 = none, 1 = preinstall, 2 = download, 3 = install info, 4 = install #gtk.main() self.mainWindowNext() def pulse(self): self.wTree.get_object("progress").pulse() if self.still_working == False: self.mainWindowNext() return self.still_working def preinstallStep(self): self.wTree.get_object("progress").set_fraction(0) self.wTree.get_object("btnNext").set_sensitive(0) self.wTree.get_object("notebook1").set_current_page(0) self.installerStep = 1 WT = WorkerThread(self.heavyWork, self) #Would do a heavy function here like setup some thing WT.start() gobject.timeout_add(75, self.pulse) def downloadStep(self): self.wTree.get_object("progress").set_fraction(0) self.wTree.get_object("btnNext").set_sensitive(0) self.wTree.get_object("notebook1").set_current_page(0) self.installerStep = 2 urllib.urlretrieve('http://mozilla.mirrors.evolva.ro//firefox/releases/3.6.3/win32/en-US/Firefox%20Setup%203.6.3.exe', '/tmp/firefox.exe', self.updateHook) self.mainWindowNext() def updateHook(self, blocks, blockSize, totalSize): percentage = float ( blocks * blockSize ) / totalSize if percentage > 1: percentage = 1 self.wTree.get_object("progress").set_fraction(percentage) while gtk.events_pending(): gtk.main_iteration() def installInfoStep(self): self.wTree.get_object("btnNext").set_sensitive(1) self.wTree.get_object("notebook1").set_current_page(1) self.installerStep = 3 def installStep(self): self.wTree.get_object("progress").set_fraction(0) self.wTree.get_object("btnNext").set_sensitive(0) self.wTree.get_object("notebook1").set_current_page(0) self.installerStep = 4 WT = WorkerThread(self.heavyWork, self) #Would do a heavy function here like setup some thing WT.start() gobject.timeout_add(75, self.pulse) def mainWindowNext(self, widget = None): if self.installerStep == 0: self.preinstallStep() elif self.installerStep == 1: self.downloadStep() elif self.installerStep == 2: self.installInfoStep() elif self.installerStep == 3: self.installStep() elif self.installerStep == 4: sys.exit(0) def heavyWork(self): time.sleep(10) if __name__ == '__main__': MainWindow() gtk.main()

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  • Python: needs more than 1 value to unpack

    - by Rosarch
    What am I doing wrong to get this error? replacements = {} replacements["**"] = ("<strong>", "</strong>") replacements["__"] = ("<em>", "</em>") replacements["--"] = ("<blink>", "</blink>") replacements["=="] = ("<marquee>", "</marquee>") replacements["@@"] = ("<code>", "</code>") for delimiter, (open_tag, close_tag) in replacements: # error here message = self.replaceFormatting(delimiter, message, open_tag, close_tag); The error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in for shit, (a, b) in replacements: ValueError: need more than 1 value to unpack All the values tuples have two values. Right?

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  • Python imports by folder module

    - by colinmarc
    I have a directory structure: example.py templates/ __init__.py a.py b.py a.py and b.py have only one class, named the same as the file (because they are cheetah templates). For purely style reasons, I want to be able to import and use these classes in example.py like so: import templates t = templates.a() Right now I do that by having this in the template folder's __init__.py: __all__ = ["a", "b"] from . import * However, this seems pretty poor (and maybe superfluous), and doesn't even do what I want, as I have to use the classes like this: t = templates.a.a() Thoughts?

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  • Static lock in Python?

    - by roddik
    Hello. I've got the following code: import time import threading class BaseWrapper: #static class lock = threading.Lock() @staticmethod def synchronized_def(): BaseWrapper.lock.acquire() time.sleep(5) BaseWrapper.lock.release() def test(): print time.ctime() if __name__ is '__main__': for i in xrange(10): threading.Thread(target = test).start() I want to have a method synchronized using static lock. However the above code prints the same time ten times, so it isn't really locking. How can I fix it? TIA

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  • Concise way to getattr() and use it if not None in Python

    - by MTsoul
    I am finding myself doing the following a bit too often: attr = getattr(obj, 'attr', None) if attr is not None: attr() # Do something, either attr(), or func(attr), or whatever else: # Do something else Is there a more pythonic way of writing that? Is this better? (At least not in performance, IMO.) try: obj.attr() # or whatever except AttributeError: # Do something else

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  • Python: For loop problem

    - by Yasmin
    I have a simple for loop problem, when i run the code below it prints out series of 'blue green' sequences then a series of 'green' sequences. I want the output to be; if row[4] is equal to 1 to print blue else print green. for row in rows: for i in `row[4]`: if i ==`1`: print 'blue ' else: print 'green ' Any help would be grateful thanks Yas

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  • Python: how to execute generated code ?

    - by Natim
    Hello guys I have this code, and I would like to use the app parameter to generate the code instead of duplicating it. if app == 'map': try: from modulo.map.views import map return map(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass elif app == 'schedule': try: from modulo.schedule.views import schedule_day return schedule_day(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass elif app == 'sponsors': try: from modulo.sponsors.views import sponsors return sponsors(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass elif app == 'streaming': try: from modulo.streaming.views import streaming return streaming(request, *args, **kwargs) except ImportError: pass Do you have any idea ? Thanks

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  • Generate and merge data with python multiprocessing

    - by Bobby
    I have a list of starting data. I want to apply a function to the starting data that creates a few pieces of new data for each element in the starting data. Some pieces of the new data are the same and I want to remove them. The sequential version is essentially: def create_new_data_for(datum): """make a list of new data from some old datum""" return [datum.modified_copy(k) for k in datum.k_list] data = [some list of data] #some data to start with #generate a list of new data from the old data, we'll reduce it next newdata = [] for d in data: newdata.extend(create_new_data_for(d)) #now reduce the data under ".matches(other)" reduced = [] for d in newdata: for seen in reduced: if d.matches(seen): break #so we haven't seen anything like d yet seen.append(d) #now reduced is finished and is what we want! I want to speed this up with multiprocessing. I was thinking that I could use a multiprocessing.Queue for the generation. Each process would just put the stuff it creates on, and when the processes are reducing the data, they can just get the data from the Queue. But I'm not sure how to have the different process loop over reduced and modify it without any race conditions or other issues. What is the best way to do this safely? or is there a different way to accomplish this goal better?

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  • crashing out in a while loop python

    - by Edward
    How to solve this error? i want to pass the values from get_robotxya() and get_ballxya() and use it in a loop but it seems that it will crash after awhile how do i fix this? i want to get the values whithout it crashing out of the while loop import socket import os,sys import time from threading import Thread HOST = '59.191.193.59' PORT = 5555 COORDINATES = [] def connect(): globals()['client_socket'] = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) client_socket.connect((HOST,PORT)) def update_coordinates(): connect() screen_width = 0 screen_height = 0 while True: try: client_socket.send("loc\n") data = client_socket.recv(8192) except: connect(); continue; globals()['COORDINATES'] = data.split() if(not(COORDINATES[-1] == "eom" and COORDINATES[0] == "start")): continue if (screen_width != int(COORDINATES[2])): screen_width = int(COORDINATES[2]) screen_height = int(COORDINATES[3]) return def get_ballxy(): update_coordinates() ballx = int(COORDINATES[8]) bally = int(COORDINATES[9]) return ballx,bally def get_robotxya(): update_coordinates() robotx = int(COORDINATES[12]) roboty = int(COORDINATES[13]) angle = int(COORDINATES[14]) return robotx,roboty,angle def print_ballxy(bx,by): print bx print by def print_robotxya(rx,ry,a): print rx print ry print a def activate(): bx,by = get_ballxy() rx,ry,a = get_robotxya() print_ballxy(bx,by) print_robotxya(rx,ry,a) Thread(target=update_coordinates).start() while True: activate() this is the error i get:

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  • Recognizing file - Python

    - by Francisco Aleixo
    Ok, so the title may trick you a bit, and I'm sorry for that but didn't find a better title. This question might be a bit hard to understand so I'll try my best. I have no idea how this works or if it is even possible but what I want to do is for example create a file type (lets imagine .test (in which a random file name would be random.test)). Now before I continue, its obviously easy to do this using for example: filename = "random.test" file = open(filename, 'w') file.write("some text here") But now what I would like to know is if it is possible to write the file .test so if I set it to open with a wxPython program, it recognizes it and for example opens up a Message Dialog automatically. I'm sorry if I'm being vague and in case you don't understand, let me know so I can try my best to explain you.

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  • Python singleton pattern

    - by Javier Garcia
    Hi, someone can tell me why this is incorrect as a singleton pattern: class preSingleton(object): def __call__(self): return self singleton = preSingleton() a = singleton() b = singleton() print a==b a.var_in_a = 100 b.var_in_b = 'hello' print a.var_in_b print b.var_in_a Edit: The above code prints: True hello 100 thank you very much

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  • Python Script to check website for a tag

    - by LinuxGnut
    Hello all. I'm trying to figure out how to go about writing a website monitoring script (cron job in the end) to open up a given URL, check to see if a tag exists, and if the tag does not exist, or doesn't contain the expected data, then to write some to a log file, or to send an e-mail. The tag would be something like or something relatively similar. Anyone have any ideas?

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  • String concatenation produces incorrect output in Python?

    - by Brian
    I have this code: filenames=["file1","FILE2","file3","fiLe4"] def alignfilenames(): #build a string that can be used to add labels to the R variables. #format goal: suffixes=c(".fileA",".fileB") filestring='suffixes=c(".' for filename in filenames: filestring=filestring+str(filename)+'",".' print filestring[:-3] #now delete the extra characters filestring=filestring[-1:-4] filestring=filestring+')' print "New String" print str(filestring) alignfilenames() I'm trying to get the string variable to look like this format: suffixes=c(".fileA",".fileB".....) but adding on the final parenthesis is not working. When I run this code as is, I get: suffixes=c(".file1",".FILE2",".file3",".fiLe4" New String ) Any idea what's going on or how to fix it?

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