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• Best design for generating code from an AST?

  - by Sam Washburn

  I'm working on a pretty complex DSL that I want to compile down into a few high level languages. The whole process has been a learning experience. The compiler is written in java. I was wondering if anyone knew a best practice for the design of the code generator portion. I currently have everything parsed into an abstract syntax tree. I was thinking of using a template system, but I haven't researched that direction too far yet as I would like to hear some wisdom first from stack overflow. Thanks!

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• How can I extract System.Net.Mail from Mono and rename the namespaces?

  - by JL

  Microsoft's implementation of System.Net.Mail does not provide a robust mailing solution. I would like to use Mono's implementation of System.Net.Mail instead, however that namespace is embedded in the System.dll shipped with Mono, and has exact same namespaces as the original .net framework. What I would like to do is instead extract System.Net.Mail from the mono solution and rename namespaces to Mono.System.Net.Mail. Then I can compile this in its own DLL and finally have a mailing solution that works! Can anyone tell me how this can be done?

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• How to generate GIR files from the Vala compiler?

  - by celil

  I am trying to create python bindings to a vala library using pygi with gobject introspection. However, I am having trouble generating the GIR files (that I am planning to compile to typelib files subsequently). According to the documentation valac should support generating GIR files. Compiling the following helloworld.vala public struct Point { public double x; public double y; } public class Person { public int age = 32; public Person(int age) { this.age = age; } } public int main() { var p = Point() { x=0.0, y=0.1 }; stdout.printf("%f %f\n", p.x, p.y); var per = new Person(22); stdout.printf("%d\n", per.age); return 0; } with the command valac helloworld.vala --gir=Hello-1.0.gir doesn't create the Hello-1.0.gir file as one would expect. How can I generate the gir file?

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• Compiling SWIG library for Ruby on Mac OS X fails

  - by Stefan Schmidt

  I tried to compile the following SWIG library for Ruby and everything went smooth until the last step. /* File : computation.c */ int add(int x, int y) { return x + y; } /* File: computation.i */ %module computation extern int add(int x, int y); $ swig -ruby computation.i $ gcc -c computation.c $ gcc -c computation_wrap.c -I/opt/local/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin10 $ gcc -shared computation.o computation_wrap.o -o computation.so Undefined symbols: "_rb_str_cat", referenced from: _Ruby_Format_TypeError in computation_wrap.o "_rb_exc_new3", referenced from: _SWIG_Ruby_ExceptionType in computation_wrap.o "_rb_define_class_under", referenced from: _SWIG_Ruby_define_class in computation_wrap.o _SWIG_Ruby_define_class in computation_wrap.o [...] ld: symbol(s) not found collect2: ld returned 1 exit status My configuration: $ sw_vers ProductName: Mac OS X ProductVersion: 10.6.3 BuildVersion: 10D575 $ ruby -v ruby 1.8.7 (2010-01-10 patchlevel 249) [i686-darwin10] $ swig -version SWIG Version 1.3.40 Compiled with /usr/bin/g++-4.2 [i386-apple-darwin10.3.0] $ gcc --version i686-apple-darwin10-gcc-4.2.1 (GCC) 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)

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• How do you sort files numerically?

  - by Zachary Young

  Hello all, First off, I'm posting this because when I was looking for a solution to the problem below, I could not find one on stackoverflow. So, I'm hoping to add a little bit to the knowledge base here. I need to process some files in a directory and need the files to be sorted numerically. I found some examples on sorting--specifically with using the lamba pattern--at wiki.python.org, and I put this together: #!env/python import re tiffFiles = """ayurveda_1.tif ayurveda_11.tif ayurveda_13.tif ayurveda_2.tif ayurveda_20.tif ayurveda_22.tif""".split('\n') numPattern = re.compile('_(\d{1,2})\.', re.IGNORECASE) tiffFiles.sort(cmp, key=lambda tFile: int(numPattern.search(tFile).group(1))) print tiffFiles I'm still rather new to Python and would like to ask the community if there are any improvements that can be made to this: shortening the code up (removing lambda), performance, style/readability? Thank you, Zachary

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• Objective-C : enum like Java (int values and many others for each enum)

  - by Oliver

  In Java, you can make an enum having multiples values. In objective-C, this cannot be done easily. I've read many pages about this but I didn't found anything satisfying that would allow me to use enums by a simple way and to keep the enum declaration and their different values in the same file. I would like to write something like this in a enums.h : // ======================================== typedef enum {eRED, eGREEN, eBLUE} ColorEnum; int colorValues[] = { 0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF }; NSArray *colorNames = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"Red color", @"light green", @"Deep blue", nil]; // ======================================== and be able to use thoses global variables to manage my stuff anywhere like : int color = colorValues[eRED]; But I don't know how to write this. I have compile errors like "ColorValues" is defines many times. Or if I just use "static", I have many "ColorValues" not used in .m file... Could you help me ?

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• Generic type in generic collection

  - by Brian Triplett

  I have generic type that looks like: public class GenericClass<T, U> where T : IComparable<T> { // Class definition here } I then have a collection of these instances. What is the cleanest way to pass through the type constraints? public class GenericCollection<V> where V : GenericClass<T, U> // This won't compile { private GenericClass<T, U>[] entries; public V this[index] { get{ return this.entries[index]; } } } Is there perhaps a better way to design this? I think that specifying GenericCollection<T, U, V> where V : GenericClass<T, U> seems awkward. Might be my only option though....

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• Modify Emdeded String in C# compiled exe

  - by nitefrog

  I have an issue where I need to be able to have a compiled exe ( .net 3.5 c# ) that I will make copies of to distribute that will need to change a key for example before the exe is sent out. I cannot compile each time a new exe is needed. This is a thin client that will be used as part of a registration process. Is it possible to add a entry to a resource file with a blank value then when a request comes in have another application grab the blank default thin client, copy it, populate the blank value with the data needed. If yes how? If no do you have any ideas? I have been scratching my head for a few days now and the limitation as due to the boundaries I am required to work in. The other idea I has was to inject the value into a method, which I have no idea how I would even attempt that. Thanks.

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• Code coverage in Win32 app

  - by graham.reeds

  We are just about to start a new project. The Proof of Concept (PoC) for this project was done simply using Win32. The plan is/was to flesh out the PoC, tidy the uglier parts and meet the requirements set by the project owners. One of the requirements for the actual project is 100% code coverage but I can see problems ahead: How can I acheive 100% code coverage with Win32 - the message pump will be exceptionally difficult to test effectively?! I could compile to a DLL but won't there be code in the main app that won't be under coverage? I am thinking of dropping the Win32 code and moving to MFC - at least then a lot of the boiler plate stuff will be hidden from view (and therefore coverage). Any thoughts on the problem?

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• const TypedeffedIntPointer not equal to const int *

  - by dirk

  I have the following C++ code: typedef int* IntPtr; const int* cip = new int; const IntPtr ctip4 = cip; I compile this with Visual Studio 2008 and get the following error: error C2440: 'initializing' : cannot convert from 'const int *' to 'const IntPtr' Clearly my understanding of typedefs is not what is should be. The reason I'm asking, I'm storing a pointer type in a STL map. I have a function that returns a const pointer which I would like to use to search in the map (using map::find(const key_type&). Since const MyType* and const map<MyType*, somedata>::key_type is incompatible, I'm having problems. Regards Dirk

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• Why does Java's TreeSet not specify that its type parameter must extend Comparable?

  - by Tarski

  e.g. The code below throws a ClassCastException when the second Object is added to the TreeSet. Couldn't TreeSet have been written so that the type parameter can only be a Comparable type? i.e. TreeSet would not compile because Object is not Comparable. That way generics actually do their job - of being typesafe. import java.util.TreeSet; public class TreeSetTest { public static void main(String [] args) { TreeSet<Object> t = new TreeSet<Object>(); t.add(new Object()); t.add(new Object()); } }

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• forward declare static function c++

  - by Matthew Scouten

  I want to forward declare a static member function of a class in another file. What I WANT to do looks like this: BigMassiveHeader.h: class foo { static void init_foos(); } Main.cpp: class foo; void init_foos(); int main(char** argv, int argc) { foo::init_foos() } This fails out with "error C2027: use of undefined type 'tt_py_ns::foo'" Is there a way to accomplish what I want to do with out making init_foos a free function, or including BigMassiveHeader.h? (BigMassiveHeader.h is noticeably effecting compile time, and is included everywhere.)

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• Compiling Allegro source code (C#)

  - by 7331

  I am trying to build a C# project (downloaded code) in Visual Studio Express 2008. I get the error (my translation): The type or namespace name "Allegro" couldn't be found. for the line using Allegro; I know the 2D graphics library Allegro, of course, but I can't find much information on how to use it in C#. It is being used for visualization in the project I am trying to compile. I also get the warning This reference couldn't be resolved. The Universal assembly couldn't be found. I haven't been working with C# before and and I barely know Visual Studio Express. These are newbie mistakes - but I just need a fast solution for this problem. Could someone provide me with a short step-by-step solution?

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• Selecting Entity Data Model Laguage -- Visual C# source file generated even when i select VB

  - by Nickson

  Am adding an Entity Data Model to an ASP.NET website. When i Add New Item to the website and select ADO.NET Entity Data Model, am asked for the model name and language. I go a head and select Visual Basic as the language, the model is added and the site can compile with out any issues. however, the model it adds a ModelName.Designer.cs source file, instead of a ModelName.Designer.vb source file. am thinking this is strange as its happening with only one of my website. my other sites have .vb designer source file for their Entity Data Models. The site still compiles with out any errors but am afraid some thing is not right. any one experienced this?, is this normal behavior?

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• LINQ: why does this query not work on an ArrayList?

  - by Benny

  public static ArrayList GetStudentAsArrayList() { ArrayList students = new ArrayList { new Student() { RollNumber = 1,Name ="Alex " , Section = 1 ,HostelNumber=1 }, new Student() { RollNumber = 2,Name ="Jonty " , Section = 2 ,HostelNumber=2 } }; return students; } The following code doesn't compile. The error is ArrayList is not IEnumerable ArrayList lstStudents = GetStudentAsArrayList(); var res = from r in lstStudents select r; This compiles: ArrayList lstStudents = GetStudentAsArrayList(); var res = from Student r in lstStudents select r; Can anybody explain what the difference is between these two snippets? Why the second works?

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• Logic differences in C and Java

  - by paragjain16

  Compile and run this code in C #include <stdio.h> int main() { int a[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; int index = 2; int i; a[index++] = index = index + 2; for(i = 0; i <= 4; i++) printf("%d\n", a[i]); } Output : 10 20 4 40 50 Now for the same logic in Java class Check { public static void main(String[] ar) { int a[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; int index = 2; a[index++] = index = index + 2; for(int i = 0; i <= 4; i++) System.out.println(a[i]); } } Output : 10 20 5 40 50 Why is there output difference in both languages, output is understandable for Java but I cannot understand output in C One more thing, if we apply the prefix ++ operator, we get the same result in both languages, why?

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• Trying to use SHCreateShellItem, having #include issues

  - by dreamlax

  There is a function in called SHCreateShellItem which is declared in <shlobj.h>, but it has been #ifdef'd out based on whether or not _WIN32_IE is greater than or equal to 0x601 (if it is, then the declaration is present). However, even when I define _WIN32_IE to 0x601 before I include <shlobj.h>, MSVC++ still complains that SHCreateShellItem is undeclared. For example, I cannot get the following to compile: #define _WIN32_IE 0x601 #include <shlobj.h> int someFunction (LPITEMIDLIST parent, LPITEMIDLIST child) { HRESULT result; IShellItem *shellObj; result = SHCreateShellItem (parent, NULL, child, &shellObj); if (SUCCEEDED(result)) { // do stuff } return SUCCEEDED(result); } Do I need to define _WIN32_IE in a different way?

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• Java generics SuppressWarnings("unchecked") mystery

  - by Johannes Ernst

  Why does code alternative(1) compile without warnings, and code alternative(2) produce an "unchecked cast" warning? Common for both: class Foo<T> { Foo( T [] arg ) { } } Alternative (1): class Bar<T> extends Foo<T> { protected static final Object [] EMPTY_ARRAY = {}; @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Bar() { super( (T []) EMPTY_ARRAY ); } } Alternative (2): class Bar<T> extends Foo<T> { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Bar() { super( (T []) EMPTY_ARRAY ); } protected static final Object [] EMPTY_ARRAY = {}; } Alternative (2) produces: javac -Xlint:unchecked Foo.java Bar.java Bar.java:4: warning: [unchecked] unchecked cast super( (T []) EMPTY_ARRAY ); ^ required: T[] found: Object[] where T is a type-variable: T extends Object declared in class Bar 1 warning This is: java version "1.7.0_07" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_07-b10) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.3-b01, mixed mode)

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• Top techniques to avoid 'data scraping' from a website database

  - by Addsy

  I am setting up a site using PHP and MySQL that is essentially just a web front-end to an existing database. Understandably my client is very keen to prevent anyone from being able to make a copy of the data in the database yet at the same time wants everything publicly available and even a "view all" link to display every record in the db. Whilst I have put everything in place to prevent attacks such as SQL injection attacks, there is nothing to prevent anyone from viewing all the records as html and running some sort of script to parse this data back into another database. Even if I was to remove the "view all" link, someone could still, in theory, use an automated process to go through each record one by one and compile these into a new database, essentially pinching all the information. Does anyone have any good tactics for preventing or even just dettering this that they could share. Thanks

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• 2 Runtime Packages: how can I use a unit from each other? (Delphi)

  - by Christian Almeida

  Hi, Lets assume we have 2 runtime packages, with 1 form in each one; Pkg1 -> Unit1 (frm1) Pkg2 -> Unit2 (frm2) Now I want that they "know" each other. When pkg1 needs to know Unit2, we have to "require" Pkg2 in Pkg1. So now I can do a "uses" Unit2 and then do frm2.Show in Unit1 code. But when I do the same thing in Pkg2 (set to require Pkg1), it does not compile, informing that Pgk2 already have a unit name Unit2 (I think is because Pkg1 is requiring Pkg2). So, how to: in Unit1 do a "uses Unit2" and in Unit2 do a "uses Unit1"? Thanks in advance.

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• Unescape _xHHHH_ XML escape sequences using Python

  - by John Machin

  I'm using Python 2.x [not negotiable] to read XML documents [created by others] that allow the content of many elements to contain characters that are not valid XML characters by escaping them using the _xHHHH_ convention e.g. ASCII BEL aka U+0007 is represented by the 7-character sequence u"_x0007_". Neither the functionality that allows representation of any old character in the document nor the manner of escaping is negotiable. I'm parsing the documents using cElementTree or lxml [semi-negotiable]. Here is my best attempt at unescapeing the parser output as efficiently as possible: import re def unescape(s, subber=re.compile(r'_x[0-9A-Fa-f]{4,4}_').sub, repl=lambda mobj: unichr(int(mobj.group(0)[2:6], 16)), ): if "_" in s: return subber(repl, s) return s The above is biassed by observing a very low frequency of "_" in typical text and a better-than-doubling of speed by avoiding the regex apparatus where possible. The question: Any better ideas out there?

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• No whitespace between a cast and a namespace operator?

  - by Pod

  Hello. Could anyone please explain the following line of code, found on http://docs.openttd.org/ai__cargo_8cpp_source.html return (AICargo::TownEffect)::CargoSpec::Get(cargo_type)->town_effect; If this line was: return (AICargo::TownEffect) ::CargoSpec::Get(cargo_type)->town_effect; (note the space between TownEffect) and the ::) then I would understand it fine. However there is no whitespace in that document*, which would mean (AICargo::TownEffect) is the left operand of the :: operator. How does this code work/compile? Or are the two things equivilent due to some obscure C++ rule? *It's the same in the cpp file as well.

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• .NET C# Explicit implementation of grandparent's interface method in the parent interface

  - by Cristi Diaconescu

  That title's a mouthful, isn't it?... Here's what I'm trying to do: public interface IBar { void Bar(); } public interface IFoo: IBar { void Foo(); } public class FooImpl: IFoo { void IFoo.Foo() { /*works as expected*/ } //void IFoo.Bar() { /*i'd like to do this, but it doesn't compile*/ } void IBar.Bar() { /*works as expected*/ } } So... Is there a way to declare IFoo.Bar(){...} in my class, other than basically merging the two interfaces into one? And, if not, why?

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• Using Thrift to connect to Cassandra from .NET

  - by vtortola

  Hi, I'm interested in Cassandra and I'd like to test it at home in my Windows XP computer. I've found instructions for install an run Cassandra in Windows, and it's already up and running; I've also found the thrift executable for Windows and generate the C# interfaces, but... when I try to compile that generated code in Visual Studio I got : "The type or namespace name 'Thrift' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)", so I'm missing something else, but I cannot find what... What is it? Is it a dll? I've looked in the thrift code and I cannot find anything related to .net , so what am I missing? Thanks in advance. Regards.

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• Why is the base() constructor not necessary?

  - by Earlz

  Hello, I have a class structure like abstract class Animal { public Animal(){ //init stuff.. } } class Cat : Animal { public Cat(bool is_keyboard) : base() //NOTE here { //other init stuff } } Now then, look at the noted line. If you remove : base() then it will compile without an error. Why is this? Is there a way to disable this behavior? I have had multiple bugs now from forgetting the base() which I would have thought to be required on such a special thing as a constructor.

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