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• Only show changed files with verbose option

  - by qox

  I would like rsync to print modified and deleted files. The verbose option (-v) does print modified files but also the list of subdirectories, maybe because touched directories are considered modified. Since I sync a lot of files from a lot of subdirectories, it's impossible to see the actual changes. So, is there a way to not print directories using rsync ? Im not looking for grep -v "*/$" kind of answers since it would also exclude new directories. Command I am using: rsync -avh --delete /media/data/src /media/data/bkp And everytime it prints the list of all directories: src/dir1/ src/dir1/sdir1/ src/dir1/sdir2/ src/dir2/ ..... Thanks for your help.

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• Temporarily block other users from network printer

  - by TecBrat

  I found where someone else asked this question here, but they did not get a working answer. We have a printer that is shared. It has it's own network card, so we all have equal access to it. (none of our computers owns it) One of our users needs to print on specialty paper and we need to be sure not to print when that paper is in the printer. Our current method is "Hey, don't print anything right now!" Obviously this method is not preferred because it does not enforce itself. :-) I think all our PCs are running Win7 Home. The printer in question is an HP Laserjet 2200. Is there a way that we can make this happen?

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• File filtering_Python 3.2 [closed]

  - by user71261

  I'm trying to write a short file filtering code in Python that will find my desired string. I've got it worked out logically, but my Command Feed is sending me an error message for the print statement. This is how it works as of now: filename = input('give file name: ') n = input('give desired string: ') f = open line = f.readline() while line: if n in line: print line line = f.readline() Error Statement: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 7, in <fragment> Syntax Error: print line: <string>, line 718 I know this is a simple problem but the answer is not obvious to me. please help.

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• Building an interleaved buffer for pyopengl and numpy

  - by Nick Sonneveld

  I'm trying to batch up a bunch of vertices and texture coords in an interleaved array before sending it to pyOpengl's glInterleavedArrays/glDrawArrays. The only problem is that I'm unable to find a suitably fast enough way to append data into a numpy array. Is there a better way to do this? I would have thought it would be quicker to preallocate the array and then fill it with data but instead, generating a python list and converting it to a numpy array is "faster". Although 15ms for 4096 quads seems slow. I have included some example code and their timings. #!/usr/bin/python import timeit import numpy import ctypes import random USE_RANDOM=True USE_STATIC_BUFFER=True STATIC_BUFFER = numpy.empty(4096*20, dtype=numpy.float32) def render(i): # pretend these are different each time if USE_RANDOM: tex_left, tex_right, tex_top, tex_bottom = random.random(), random.random(), random.random(), random.random() left, right, top, bottom = random.random(), random.random(), random.random(), random.random() else: tex_left, tex_right, tex_top, tex_bottom = 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0 left, right, top, bottom = -1.0, 1.0, 1.0, -1.0 ibuffer = ( tex_left, tex_bottom, left, bottom, 0.0, # Lower left corner tex_right, tex_bottom, right, bottom, 0.0, # Lower right corner tex_right, tex_top, right, top, 0.0, # Upper right corner tex_left, tex_top, left, top, 0.0, # upper left ) return ibuffer # create python list.. convert to numpy array at end def create_array_1(): ibuffer = [] for x in xrange(4096): data = render(x) ibuffer += data ibuffer = numpy.array(ibuffer, dtype=numpy.float32) return ibuffer # numpy.array, placing individually by index def create_array_2(): if USE_STATIC_BUFFER: ibuffer = STATIC_BUFFER else: ibuffer = numpy.empty(4096*20, dtype=numpy.float32) index = 0 for x in xrange(4096): data = render(x) for v in data: ibuffer[index] = v index += 1 return ibuffer # using slicing def create_array_3(): if USE_STATIC_BUFFER: ibuffer = STATIC_BUFFER else: ibuffer = numpy.empty(4096*20, dtype=numpy.float32) index = 0 for x in xrange(4096): data = render(x) ibuffer[index:index+20] = data index += 20 return ibuffer # using numpy.concat on a list of ibuffers def create_array_4(): ibuffer_concat = [] for x in xrange(4096): data = render(x) # converting makes a diff! data = numpy.array(data, dtype=numpy.float32) ibuffer_concat.append(data) return numpy.concatenate(ibuffer_concat) # using numpy array.put def create_array_5(): if USE_STATIC_BUFFER: ibuffer = STATIC_BUFFER else: ibuffer = numpy.empty(4096*20, dtype=numpy.float32) index = 0 for x in xrange(4096): data = render(x) ibuffer.put( xrange(index, index+20), data) index += 20 return ibuffer # using ctype array CTYPES_ARRAY = ctypes.c_float*(4096*20) def create_array_6(): ibuffer = [] for x in xrange(4096): data = render(x) ibuffer += data ibuffer = CTYPES_ARRAY(*ibuffer) return ibuffer def equals(a, b): for i,v in enumerate(a): if b[i] != v: return False return True if __name__ == "__main__": number = 100 # if random, don't try and compare arrays if not USE_RANDOM and not USE_STATIC_BUFFER: a = create_array_1() assert equals( a, create_array_2() ) assert equals( a, create_array_3() ) assert equals( a, create_array_4() ) assert equals( a, create_array_5() ) assert equals( a, create_array_6() ) t = timeit.Timer( "testing2.create_array_1()", "import testing2" ) print 'from list:', t.timeit(number)/number*1000.0, 'ms' t = timeit.Timer( "testing2.create_array_2()", "import testing2" ) print 'array: indexed:', t.timeit(number)/number*1000.0, 'ms' t = timeit.Timer( "testing2.create_array_3()", "import testing2" ) print 'array: slicing:', t.timeit(number)/number*1000.0, 'ms' t = timeit.Timer( "testing2.create_array_4()", "import testing2" ) print 'array: concat:', t.timeit(number)/number*1000.0, 'ms' t = timeit.Timer( "testing2.create_array_5()", "import testing2" ) print 'array: put:', t.timeit(number)/number*1000.0, 'ms' t = timeit.Timer( "testing2.create_array_6()", "import testing2" ) print 'ctypes float array:', t.timeit(number)/number*1000.0, 'ms' Timings using random numbers: $ python testing2.py from list: 15.0486779213 ms array: indexed: 24.8184704781 ms array: slicing: 50.2214789391 ms array: concat: 44.1691994667 ms array: put: 73.5879898071 ms ctypes float array: 20.6674289703 ms edit note: changed code to produce random numbers for each render to reduce object reuse and to simulate different vertices each time. edit note2: added static buffer and force all numpy.empty() to use dtype=float32 note 1/Apr/2010: still no progress and I don't really feel that any of the answers have solved the problem yet.

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• Perl - WWW::Mechanize Cookie Session Id is being reset with every get(), how to make it stop?

  - by Phill Pafford

  So I'm scraping a site that I have access to via HTTPS, I can login and start the process but each time I hit a new page (URL) the cookie Session Id changes. How do I keep the logged in Cookie Session Id? #!/usr/bin/perl -w use strict; use warnings; use WWW::Mechanize; use HTTP::Cookies; use LWP::Debug qw(+); use HTTP::Request; use LWP::UserAgent; use HTTP::Request::Common; my $un = 'username'; my $pw = 'password'; my $url = 'https://subdomain.url.com/index.do'; my $agent = WWW::Mechanize->new(cookie_jar => {}, autocheck => 0); $agent->{onerror}=\&WWW::Mechanize::_warn; $agent->agent('Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; en-US; rv:1.9.2.3) Gecko/20100407 Ubuntu/9.10 (karmic) Firefox/3.6.3'); $agent->get($url); $agent->form_name('form'); $agent->field(username => $un); $agent->field(password => $pw); $agent->click("Log In"); print "After Login Cookie: "; print $agent->cookie_jar->as_string(); print "\n\n"; my $searchURL='https://subdomain.url.com/search.do'; $agent->get($searchURL); print "After Search Cookie: "; print $agent->cookie_jar->as_string(); print "\n"; The output: After Login Cookie: Set-Cookie3: JSESSIONID=367C6D; path="/thepath"; domain=subdomina.url.com; path_spec; secure; discard; version=0 After Search Cookie: Set-Cookie3: JSESSIONID=855402; path="/thepath"; domain=subdomain.com.com; path_spec; secure; discard; version=0 Also I think the site requires a CERT (Well in the browser it does), would this be the correct way to add it? $ENV{HTTPS_CERT_FILE} = 'SUBDOMAIN.URL.COM'; ## Insert this after the use HTTP::Request... Also for the CERT In using the first option in this list, is this correct? X.509 Certificate (PEM) X.509 Certificate with chain (PEM) X.509 Certificate (DER) X.509 Certificate (PKCS#7) X.509 Certificate with chain (PKCS#7)

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• boolean in java: what am I doing wrong?

  - by Cheesegraterr

  Hello, I am trying to make my boolean value work. I am new at programming java so I must be missing something simple. I am trying to make it so that if one of the tire pressures is below 35 or over 45 the system outputs "bad inflation" For class me must use a boolean which is what I tried. I cant figure out why this isnt working. No matter what I do the boolean is always true. Any tips? public class tirePressure { private static double getDoubleSystem1 () //Private routine to simply read a double in from the command line { String myInput1 = null; //Store the string that is read form the command line double numInput1 = 0; //Used to store the converted string into an double BufferedReader mySystem; //Buffer to store input mySystem = new BufferedReader (new InputStreamReader (System.in)); // creates a connection to system files or cmd try { myInput1 = mySystem.readLine (); //reads in data from console myInput1 = myInput1.trim (); //trim command cuts off unneccesary inputs } catch (IOException e) //checks for errors { System.out.println ("IOException: " + e); return -1; } numInput1 = Double.parseDouble (myInput1); //converts the string to an double return numInput1; //return double value to main program } static public void main (String[] args) { double TireFR; //double to store input from console double TireFL; double TireBR; double TireBL; boolean goodPressure; goodPressure = false; System.out.println ("Tire Pressure Checker"); System.out.println (" "); System.out.print ("Enter pressure of front left tire:"); TireFL = getDoubleSystem1 (); //read in an double from the user if (TireFL < 35 || TireFL > 45) { System.out.println ("Pressure out of range"); goodPressure = false; } System.out.print ("Enter pressure of front right tire:"); TireFR = getDoubleSystem1 (); //read in an double from the user if (TireFR < 35 || TireFR > 45) { System.out.println ("Pressure out of range"); goodPressure = false; } if (TireFL == TireFR) System.out.print (" "); else System.out.println ("Front tire pressures do not match"); System.out.println (" "); System.out.print ("Enter pressure of back left tire:"); TireBL = getDoubleSystem1 (); //read in an double from the user if (TireBL < 35 || TireBL > 45) { System.out.println ("Pressure out of range"); goodPressure = false; } System.out.print ("Enter pressure of back right tire:"); TireBR = getDoubleSystem1 (); //read in an double from the user if (TireBR < 35 || TireBR > 45) { System.out.println ("Pressure out of range"); goodPressure = false; } if (TireBL == TireBR) System.out.print (" "); else System.out.println ("Back tire pressures do not match"); if (goodPressure = true) System.out.println ("Inflation is OK."); else System.out.println ("Inflation is BAD."); System.out.println (goodPressure); } //mainmethod } // tirePressure Class

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• storing a sorted array of hashes

  - by srk

  use strict; use warnings; my @aoh =( { 3 => 15, 4 => 8, 5 => 9, }, { 3 => 11, 4 => 25, 5 => 6, }, { 3 => 5, 4 => 18, 5 => 5, }, { 0 => 16, 1 => 11, 2 => 7, }, { 0 => 21, 1 => 13, 2 => 31, }, { 0 => 11, 1 => 14, 2 => 31, }, ); #declaring a new array to store the sorted hashes my @new; print "\n-------------expected output------------\n"; foreach my $href (@aoh) { #i want a new array of hashes where the hashes are sorted my %newhash; my @sorted_keys = sort {$href->{$b} <=> $href->{$a} || $b <=> $a} keys %$href; foreach my $key (@sorted_keys) { print "$key => $href->{$key}\n"; $newhash{$key} = $href->{$key}; } print "\n"; push(@new,\%newhash); } print "-----------output i am getting---------------\n"; foreach my $ref(@new) { my @skeys = sort {$ref->{$a} <=> $ref->{$b} } keys %$ref; foreach my $key (@skeys) { print "$key => $ref->{$key}\n" } print "\n"; } The output of the program : -------------expected output------------ 3 => 15 5 => 9 4 => 8 4 => 25 3 => 11 5 => 6 4 => 18 5 => 5 3 => 5 0 => 16 1 => 11 2 => 7 2 => 31 0 => 21 1 => 13 2 => 31 1 => 14 0 => 11 -----------output i am getting--------------- 4 => 8 5 => 9 3 => 15 5 => 6 3 => 11 4 => 25 3 => 5 5 => 5 4 => 18 2 => 7 1 => 11 0 => 16 1 => 13 0 => 21 2 => 31 0 => 11 1 => 14 2 => 31 Please tell me what am i doing wrong in storing the hashes into a new array.. how do i achieve what i want.. ? Thanks in advance...

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• How can I keep a hash sorted?

  - by srk

  use strict; use warnings; my @aoh =( { 3 => 15, 4 => 8, 5 => 9, }, { 3 => 11, 4 => 25, 5 => 6, }, { 3 => 5, 4 => 18, 5 => 5, }, { 0 => 16, 1 => 11, 2 => 7, }, { 0 => 21, 1 => 13, 2 => 31, }, { 0 => 11, 1 => 14, 2 => 31, }, ); #declaring a new array to store the sorted hashes my @new; print "\n-------------expected output------------\n"; foreach my $href (@aoh) { #i want a new array of hashes where the hashes are sorted my %newhash; my @sorted_keys = sort {$href->{$b} <=> $href->{$a} || $b <=> $a} keys %$href; foreach my $key (@sorted_keys) { print "$key => $href->{$key}\n"; $newhash{$key} = $href->{$key}; } print "\n"; push(@new,\%newhash); } print "-----------output i am getting---------------\n"; foreach my $ref(@new) { my @skeys = skeys %$ref; foreach my $key (@skeys) { print "$key => $ref->{$key}\n" } print "\n"; } The output of the program : -------------expected output------------ 3 => 15 5 => 9 4 => 8 4 => 25 3 => 11 5 => 6 4 => 18 5 => 5 3 => 5 0 => 16 1 => 11 2 => 7 2 => 31 0 => 21 1 => 13 2 => 31 1 => 14 0 => 11 -----------output i am getting--------------- 4 => 8 3 => 15 5 => 9 4 => 25 3 => 11 5 => 6 4 => 18 3 => 5 5 => 5 1 => 11 0 => 16 2 => 7 1 => 13 0 => 21 2 => 31 1 => 14 0 => 11 2 => 31 Please tell me what am i doing wrong in storing the hashes into a new array.. how do i achieve what i want.. ? Thanks in advance...

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• Python dictionary key missing

  - by Greg K

  I thought I'd put together a quick script to consolidate the CSS rules I have distributed across multiple CSS files, then I can minify it. I'm new to Python but figured this would be a good exercise to try a new language. My main loop isn't parsing the CSS as I thought it would. I populate a list with selectors parsed from the CSS files to return the CSS rules in order. Later in the script, the list contains an element that is not found in the dictionary. for line in self.file.readlines(): if self.hasSelector(line): selector = self.getSelector(line) if selector not in self.order: self.order.append(selector) elif selector and self.hasProperty(line): # rules.setdefault(selector,[]).append(self.getProperty(line)) property = self.getProperty(line) properties = [] if selector not in rules else rules[selector] if property not in properties: properties.append(property) rules[selector] = properties # print "%s :: %s" % (selector, "".join(rules[selector])) return rules Error encountered: $ css-combine combined.css test1.css test2.css Traceback (most recent call last): File "css-combine", line 108, in <module> c.run(outfile, stylesheets) File "css-combine", line 64, in run [(selector, rules[selector]) for selector in parser.order], KeyError: 'p' Swap the inputs: $ css-combine combined.css test2.css test1.css Traceback (most recent call last): File "css-combine", line 108, in <module> c.run(outfile, stylesheets) File "css-combine", line 64, in run [(selector, rules[selector]) for selector in parser.order], KeyError: '#header_.title' I've done some quirky things in the code like sub spaces for underscores in dictionary key names in case it was an issue - maybe this is a benign precaution? Depending on the order of the inputs, a different key cannot be found in the dictionary. The script: #!/usr/bin/env python import optparse import re class CssParser: def __init__(self): self.file = False self.order = [] # store rules assignment order def parse(self, rules = {}): if self.file == False: raise IOError("No file to parse") selector = False for line in self.file.readlines(): if self.hasSelector(line): selector = self.getSelector(line) if selector not in self.order: self.order.append(selector) elif selector and self.hasProperty(line): # rules.setdefault(selector,[]).append(self.getProperty(line)) property = self.getProperty(line) properties = [] if selector not in rules else rules[selector] if property not in properties: properties.append(property) rules[selector] = properties # print "%s :: %s" % (selector, "".join(rules[selector])) return rules def hasSelector(self, line): return True if re.search("^([#a-z,\.:\s]+){", line) else False def getSelector(self, line): s = re.search("^([#a-z,:\.\s]+){", line).group(1) return "_".join(s.strip().split()) def hasProperty(self, line): return True if re.search("^\s?[a-z-]+:[^;]+;", line) else False def getProperty(self, line): return re.search("([a-z-]+:[^;]+;)", line).group(1) class Consolidator: """Class to consolidate CSS rule attributes""" def run(self, outfile, files): parser = CssParser() rules = {} for file in files: try: parser.file = open(file) rules = parser.parse(rules) except IOError: print "Cannot read file: " + file finally: parser.file.close() self.serialize( [(selector, rules[selector]) for selector in parser.order], outfile ) def serialize(self, rules, outfile): try: f = open(outfile, "w") for rule in rules: f.write( "%s {\n\t%s\n}\n\n" % ( " ".join(rule[0].split("_")), "\n\t".join(rule[1]) ) ) except IOError: print "Cannot write output to: " + outfile finally: f.close() def init(): op = optparse.OptionParser( usage="Usage: %prog [options] <output file> <stylesheet1> " + "<stylesheet2> ... <stylesheetN>", description="Combine CSS rules spread across multiple " + "stylesheets into a single file" ) opts, args = op.parse_args() if len(args) < 3: if len(args) == 1: print "Error: No input files specified.\n" elif len(args) == 2: print "Error: One input file specified, nothing to combine.\n" op.print_help(); exit(-1) return [opts, args] if __name__ == '__main__': opts, args = init() outfile, stylesheets = [args[0], args[1:]] c = Consolidator() c.run(outfile, stylesheets) Test CSS file 1: body { background-color: #e7e7e7; } p { margin: 1em 0em; } File 2: body { font-size: 16px; } #header .title { font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 1.9em; } #header .title a, #header .title a:hover { color: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: none; text-shadow: 2px 2px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); } Thanks in advance.

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• Error data: line 2 column 1 when using pycurl with gzip stream

  - by Sagar Hatekar

  Thanks for reading. Background: I am trying to read a streaming API feed that returns data in JSON format, and then storing this data to a pymongo collection. The streaming API requires a "Accept-Encoding" : "Gzip" header. What's happening: Code fails on json.loads and outputs - Extra data: line 2 column 1 - line 4 column 1 (char 1891 - 5597) (Refer Error Log below) This does NOT happen while parsing every JSON object - it happens at random. My guess is I am encountering some weird JSON object after every "x" proper JSON objects. I did reference how to use pycurl if requested data is sometimes gzipped, sometimes not? and Encoding error while deserializing a json object from Google but so far have been unsuccessful at resolving this error. Could someone please help me out here? Error Log: Note: The raw dump of the JSON object below is basically using the repr() method. '{"id":"tag:search.twitter.com,2005:207958320747782146","objectType":"activity","actor":{"objectType":"person","id":"id:twitter.com:493653150","link":"http://www.twitter.com/Deathnews_7_24","displayName":"Death News 7/24","postedTime":"2012-02-16T01:30:12.000Z","image":"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1834408513/deathnewstwittersquare_normal.jpg","summary":"Crashes, Murders, Suicides, Accidents, Crime and Naturals Death News From All Around World","links":[{"href":"http://www.facebook.com/DeathNews724","rel":"me"}],"friendsCount":56,"followersCount":14,"listedCount":1,"statusesCount":1029,"twitterTimeZone":null,"utcOffset":null,"preferredUsername":"Deathnews_7_24","languages":["tr"]},"verb":"post","postedTime":"2012-05-30T22:15:02.000Z","generator":{"displayName":"web","link":"http://twitter.com"},"provider":{"objectType":"service","displayName":"Twitter","link":"http://www.twitter.com"},"link":"http://twitter.com/Deathnews_7_24/statuses/207958320747782146","body":"Kathi Kamen Goldmark, Writers\xe2\x80\x99 Catalyst, Dies at 63 http://t.co/WBsNlNtA","object":{"objectType":"note","id":"object:search.twitter.com,2005:207958320747782146","summary":"Kathi Kamen Goldmark, Writers\xe2\x80\x99 Catalyst, Dies at 63 http://t.co/WBsNlNtA","link":"http://twitter.com/Deathnews_7_24/statuses/207958320747782146","postedTime":"2012-05-30T22:15:02.000Z"},"twitter_entities":{"urls":[{"display_url":"nytimes.com/2012/05/30/boo\xe2\x80\xa6","indices":[52,72],"expanded_url":"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/30/books/kathi-kamen-goldmark-writers-catalyst-dies-at-63.html","url":"http://t.co/WBsNlNtA"}],"hashtags":[],"user_mentions":[]},"gnip":{"language":{"value":"en"},"matching_rules":[{"value":"url_contains: nytimes.com","tag":null}],"klout_score":11,"urls":[{"url":"http://t.co/WBsNlNtA","expanded_url":"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/30/books/kathi-kamen-goldmark-writers-catalyst-dies-at-63.html?_r=1"}]}}\r\n{"id":"tag:search.twitter.com,2005:207958321003638785","objectType":"activity","actor":{"objectType":"person","id":"id:twitter.com:178760897","link":"http://www.twitter.com/Mobanu","displayName":"Donald Ochs","postedTime":"2010-08-15T16:33:56.000Z","image":"http://a0.twimg.com/profile_images/1493224811/small_mobany_Logo_normal.jpg","summary":"","links":[{"href":"http://www.mobanuweightloss.com","rel":"me"}],"friendsCount":10272,"followersCount":9698,"listedCount":30,"statusesCount":725,"twitterTimeZone":"Mountain Time (US & Canada)","utcOffset":"-25200","preferredUsername":"Mobanu","languages":["en"],"location":{"objectType":"place","displayName":"Crested Butte, Colorado"}},"verb":"post","postedTime":"2012-05-30T22:15:02.000Z","generator":{"displayName":"twitterfeed","link":"http://twitterfeed.com"},"provider":{"objectType":"service","displayName":"Twitter","link":"http://www.twitter.com"},"link":"http://twitter.com/Mobanu/statuses/207958321003638785","body":"Mobanu: Can Exercise Be Bad for You?: Researchers have found evidence that some people who exercise do worse on ... http://t.co/mTsQlNQO","object":{"objectType":"note","id":"object:search.twitter.com,2005:207958321003638785","summary":"Mobanu: Can Exercise Be Bad for You?: Researchers have found evidence that some people who exercise do worse on ... http://t.co/mTsQlNQO","link":"http://twitter.com/Mobanu/statuses/207958321003638785","postedTime":"2012-05-30T22:15:02.000Z"},"twitter_entities":{"urls":[{"display_url":"nyti.ms/KUmmMa","indices":[116,136],"expanded_url":"http://nyti.ms/KUmmMa","url":"http://t.co/mTsQlNQO"}],"hashtags":[],"user_mentions":[]},"gnip":{"language":{"value":"en"},"matching_rules":[{"value":"url_contains: nytimes.com","tag":null}],"klout_score":12,"urls":[{"url":"http://t.co/mTsQlNQO","expanded_url":"http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/30/can-exercise-be-bad-for-you/?utm_medium=twitter&utm_source=twitterfeed"}]}}\r\n' json exception: Extra data: line 2 column 1 - line 4 column 1 (char 1891 - 5597) Header Output: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8 Vary: Accept-Encoding Date: Wed, 30 May 2012 22:14:48 UTC Connection: close Transfer-Encoding: chunked Content-Encoding: gzip get_stream.py: #!/usr/bin/env python import sys import pycurl import json import pymongo STREAM_URL = "https://stream.test.com:443/accounts/publishers/twitter/streams/track/Dev.json" AUTH = "userid:passwd" DB_HOST = "127.0.0.1" DB_NAME = "stream_test" class StreamReader: def __init__(self): try: self.count = 0 self.buff = "" self.mongo = pymongo.Connection(DB_HOST) self.db = self.mongo[DB_NAME] self.raw_tweets = self.db["raw_tweets_gnip"] self.conn = pycurl.Curl() self.conn.setopt(pycurl.ENCODING, 'gzip') self.conn.setopt(pycurl.URL, STREAM_URL) self.conn.setopt(pycurl.USERPWD, AUTH) self.conn.setopt(pycurl.WRITEFUNCTION, self.on_receive) self.conn.setopt(pycurl.HEADERFUNCTION, self.header_rcvd) while True: self.conn.perform() except Exception as ex: print "error ocurred : %s" % str(ex) def header_rcvd(self, header_data): print header_data def on_receive(self, data): temp_data = data self.buff += data if data.endswith("\r\n") and self.buff.strip(): try: tweet = json.loads(self.buff, encoding = 'UTF-8') self.buff = "" if tweet: try: self.raw_tweets.insert(tweet) except Exception as insert_ex: print "Error inserting tweet: %s" % str(insert_ex) self.count += 1 if self.count % 10 == 0: print "inserted "+str(self.count)+" tweets" except Exception as json_ex: print "json exception: %s" % str(json_ex) print repr(temp_data) stream = StreamReader()

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• Why am I getting a new session ID on every page fetch in my Perl WWW::Mechanize script?

  - by Phill Pafford

  So I'm scraping a site that I have access to via HTTPS, I can login and start the process but each time I hit a new page (URL) the cookie Session Id changes. How do I keep the logged in Cookie Session Id? #!/usr/bin/perl -w use strict; use warnings; use WWW::Mechanize; use HTTP::Cookies; use LWP::Debug qw(+); use HTTP::Request; use LWP::UserAgent; use HTTP::Request::Common; my $un = 'username'; my $pw = 'password'; my $url = 'https://subdomain.url.com/index.do'; my $agent = WWW::Mechanize->new(cookie_jar => {}, autocheck => 0); $agent->{onerror}=\&WWW::Mechanize::_warn; $agent->agent('Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; en-US; rv:1.9.2.3) Gecko/20100407 Ubuntu/9.10 (karmic) Firefox/3.6.3'); $agent->get($url); $agent->form_name('form'); $agent->field(username => $un); $agent->field(password => $pw); $agent->click("Log In"); print "After Login Cookie: "; print $agent->cookie_jar->as_string(); print "\n\n"; my $searchURL='https://subdomain.url.com/search.do'; $agent->get($searchURL); print "After Search Cookie: "; print $agent->cookie_jar->as_string(); print "\n"; The output: After Login Cookie: Set-Cookie3: JSESSIONID=367C6D; path="/thepath"; domain=subdomina.url.com; path_spec; secure; discard; version=0 After Search Cookie: Set-Cookie3: JSESSIONID=855402; path="/thepath"; domain=subdomain.com.com; path_spec; secure; discard; version=0 Also I think the site requires a CERT (Well in the browser it does), would this be the correct way to add it? $ENV{HTTPS_CERT_FILE} = 'SUBDOMAIN.URL.COM'; ## Insert this after the use HTTP::Request... Also for the CERT In using the first option in this list, is this correct? X.509 Certificate (PEM) X.509 Certificate with chain (PEM) X.509 Certificate (DER) X.509 Certificate (PKCS#7) X.509 Certificate with chain (PKCS#7)

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• Constructor ambiguous quesiton

  - by Crystal

  I'm trying to create a simple date class, but I get an error on my main file that says, "call of overloaded Date() is ambiguous." I'm not sure why since I thought as long as I had different parameters for my constructor, I was ok. Here is my code: header file: #ifndef DATE_H #define DATE_H using std::string; class Date { public: static const int monthsPerYear = 12; // num of months in a yr Date(int = 1, int = 1, int = 1900); // default constructor Date(); // uses system time to create object void print() const; // print date in month/day/year format ~Date(); // provided to confirm destruction order string getMonth(int month) const; // gets month in text format private: int month; // 1 - 12 int day; // 1 - 31 int year; // any year int checkDay(int) const; }; #endif .cpp file #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <string> #include <ctime> #include "Date.h" using namespace std; Date::Date() { time_t seconds = time(NULL); struct tm* t = localtime(&seconds); month = t->tm_mon; day = t->tm_mday; year = t->tm_year; } Date::Date(int mn, int dy, int yr) { if (mn > 0 && mn <= monthsPerYear) month = mn; else { month = 1; // invalid month set to 1 cout << "Invalid month (" << mn << ") set to 1.\n"; } year = yr; // could validate yr day = checkDay(dy); // validate the day // output Date object to show when its constructor is called cout << "Date object constructor for date "; print(); cout << endl; } void Date::print() const { string str; cout << month << '/' << day << '/' << year << '\n'; // new code for HW2 cout << setfill('0') << setw(3) << day; // prints in ddd cout << " " << year << '\n'; // yyyy format str = getMonth(month); // prints in month (full word), day, year cout << str << " " << day << ", " << year << '\n'; } and my main.cpp #include <iostream> #include "Date.h" using std::cout; int main() { Date date1(4, 30, 1980); date1.print(); cout << '\n'; Date date2; date2.print(); }

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• How can I disable 'output escaping' in minidom

  - by William

  I'm trying to build an xml document from scratch using xml.dom.minidom. Everything was going well until I tried to make a text node with a ® (Registered Trademark) symbol in. My objective is for when I finally hit print mydoc.toxml() this particular node will actually contain a ® symbol. First I tried: import xml.dom.minidom as mdom data = '®' which gives the rather obvious error of: File "C:\src\python\HTMLGen\test2.py", line 3 SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xae' in file C:\src\python\HTMLGen\test2.py on line 3, but no encoding declared; see http://www.python.or g/peps/pep-0263.html for details I have of course also tried changing the encoding of my python script to 'utf-8' using the opening line comment method, but this didn't help. So I thought import xml.dom.minidom as mdom data = '&#174;' #Both accepted xml encodings for registered trademark data = '&reg;' text = mdom.Text() text.data = data print data print text.toxml() But because when I print text.toxml(), the ampersands are being escaped, I get this output: &reg; &amp;reg; My question is, does anybody know of a way that I can force the ampersands not to be escaped in the output, so that I can have my special character reference carry through to the XML document? Basically, for this node, I want print text.toxml() to produce output of &reg; or &#174; in a happy and cooperative way! EDIT 1: By the way, if minidom actually doesn't have this capacity, I am perfectly happy using another module that you can recommend which does. EDIT 2: As Hugh suggested, I tried using data = u'®' (while also using data # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- Python source tags). This almost helped in the sense that it actually caused the ® symbol itself to be outputted to my xml. This is actually not the result I am looking for. As you may have guessed by now (and perhaps I should have specified earlier) this xml document happens to be an HTML page, which needs to work in a browser. So having ® in the document ends up causing rubbish in the browser (® to be precise!). I also tried: data = unichr(174) text.data = data.encode('ascii','xmlcharrefreplace') print text.toxml() But of course this lead to the same origional problem where all that happens is the ampersand gets escaped by .toxml(). My ideal scenario would be some way of escaping the ampersand so that the XML printing function won't "escape" it on my behalf for the document (in other words, achieving my original goal of having &reg; or &#174; appear in the document). Seems like soon I'm going to have to resort to regular expressions! EDIT 2a: Or perhaps not. Seems like getting my html meta information correct <META http-equiv="Content-Type" Content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> could help, but I'm not sure yet how this fits in with the xml structure...

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• Arduino Ethernet Shield Not Connecting to WebServer

  - by new user

  I have a problem making my Arduino Ethernet shield to communicate with the server, the result on the serial monitor is always: my arduino code is #include <Ethernet.h> //library for ethernet functions #include <SPI.h> #include <Dns.h> #include <Client.h> //library for client functions #include <DallasTemperature.h> //library for temperature sensors // Ethernet settings byte mac[] = {0x09,0xA2,0xDA,0x00,0x01,0x26}; //Replace with your Ethernet shield MAC byte ip[] = { 192,168,0,54}; //The Arduino device IP address byte subnet[] = { 255,255,255,0}; byte gateway[] = { 192,168,0,1}; IPAddress server(192,168,0,53); // IP-adress of server arduino sends data to EthernetClient client; bool connected = false; void setup(void) { Serial.begin(9600); Serial.println("Initializing Ethernet."); delay(1000); Ethernet.begin(mac, ip , gateway , subnet); } void loop(void) { if(!connected) { Serial.println("Not connected"); if (client.connect(server, 80)) { connected = true; int temp =analogRead(A1); Serial.print("Temp is "); Serial.println(temp); Serial.println(); Serial.println("Sending to Server: "); client.print("GET /formSubmit.php?t0="); Serial.print("GET /formSubmit.php?t0="); client.print(temp); Serial.print(temp); client.println(" HTTP/1.1"); Serial.println(" HTTP/1.1"); client.println("Host: http://localhost/PhpProject1/"); Serial.println("Host: http://localhost/PhpProject1/"); client.println("User-Agent: Arduino"); Serial.println("User-Agent: Arduino"); client.println("Accept: text/html"); Serial.println("Accept: text/html"); //client.println("Connection: close"); //Serial.println("Connection: close"); client.println(); Serial.println(); delay(10000); } else{ Serial.println("Cannot connect to Server"); } } else { delay(1000); while (client.connected() && client.available()) { char c = client.read(); Serial.print(c); } Serial.println(); client.stop(); connected = false; } } the server is an Apache server running on a pc, the server ip address in the code is the pc ip address. For testing purposes I work at my homes network, there's no proxy or firewall, and I also turned of the antivirus and firewall on my pc. the result in the serial monitor is always: Not connected Cannot connect to Server Any thoughts??

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• Ambiguous constructor call

  - by Crystal

  I'm trying to create a simple date class, but I get an error on my main file that says, "call of overloaded Date() is ambiguous." I'm not sure why since I thought as long as I had different parameters for my constructor, I was ok. Here is my code: header file: #ifndef DATE_H #define DATE_H using std::string; class Date { public: static const int monthsPerYear = 12; // num of months in a yr Date(int = 1, int = 1, int = 1900); // default constructor Date(); // uses system time to create object void print() const; // print date in month/day/year format ~Date(); // provided to confirm destruction order string getMonth(int month) const; // gets month in text format private: int month; // 1 - 12 int day; // 1 - 31 int year; // any year int checkDay(int) const; }; #endif .cpp file #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <string> #include <ctime> #include "Date.h" using namespace std; Date::Date() { time_t seconds = time(NULL); struct tm* t = localtime(&seconds); month = t->tm_mon; day = t->tm_mday; year = t->tm_year; } Date::Date(int mn, int dy, int yr) { if (mn > 0 && mn <= monthsPerYear) month = mn; else { month = 1; // invalid month set to 1 cout << "Invalid month (" << mn << ") set to 1.\n"; } year = yr; // could validate yr day = checkDay(dy); // validate the day // output Date object to show when its constructor is called cout << "Date object constructor for date "; print(); cout << endl; } void Date::print() const { string str; cout << month << '/' << day << '/' << year << '\n'; // new code for HW2 cout << setfill('0') << setw(3) << day; // prints in ddd cout << " " << year << '\n'; // yyyy format str = getMonth(month); // prints in month (full word), day, year cout << str << " " << day << ", " << year << '\n'; } and my main.cpp #include <iostream> #include "Date.h" using std::cout; int main() { Date date1(4, 30, 1980); date1.print(); cout << '\n'; Date date2; date2.print(); }

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• What markup languages are good for programming articles/tutorials?

  - by Vilx-

  I very much wish to write a programming tutorial in my native language (Latvian). There are far too few of those. I am however unsure on what markup language to use for writing it. Here are a few things I would like to achieve: The same source can be compiled to both HTML for online viewing and printed form (PDF?). In HTML form it would allow superior interaction and appearance (see below), while the print form would look good on paper (layout etc). I have the idea that the tutorial could be multi-language. Different students have different requirements in their schools. For example, some schools teach Java, some teach C#. You could choose the language on the top of the HTML page and the relevant code snippets (and occasionally pieces of text) would swap out. Most of the text is the same anyway, only the language syntax is a bit different. The text would occasionally contain images too of course and these would need to be included in both the HTML and the printed version In the HTML version the code snippets should get automatic syntax coloring which should ideally be the same as in the recommended IDE for the tutorial. In case there are ambiguities, hints for the syntax colorer should be possible, but I don't want to do the whole coloring by hand. "Output" syntax coloring which would emulate a standard 80x25 text console (since many of the initial programs would be console applicatioins) Collapsible sections for answers to questions (aka "spoiler tags") Automatically generated index/table-of-contents Links to other parts of the tutorial (rendered as links in HTML and as references in print version) "Side note" sections, rendered as separate blocks on the side. Other functions useful in publications that I'm not aware of :) I know this is a bit much to ask, but is there something close enough that I could take it as a starting point and add the necessary features myself? Or is there something in the whole list (like the desire to have both HTML and print versions from the same source) that makes it all fundametally infeasible?

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• SQL SERVER – 2012 – Summary of All the Analytic Functions – MSDN and SQLAuthority

  - by pinaldave

  SQL Server 2012 (RC0 Available here) has introduced new analytic functions. These functions were long awaited and I am glad that they are here. Previously when any of this function was needed people use to write long T-SQL code to simulate that and now no need of the same. Having available native function also helps performance as well readability. In last few days I have written many articles on this subject on my blog. The goal was make these complex analytic functions easy to understand and make it widely accepted. As this new functions are available and as awareness spreads we should start using the new functions. Here is the quick list of the new function and relevant MSDN site. Function SQLAuthority MSDN CUME_DIST CUME_DIST CUME_DIST FIRST_VALUE FIRST_VALUE FIRST_VALUE LAST_VALUE LAST_VALUE LAST_VALUE LEAD LEAD LEAD LAG LAG LAG PERCENTILE_CONT PERCENTILE_CONT PERCENTILE_CONT PERCENTILE_DISC PERCENTILE_DISC PERCENTILE_DISC PERCENT_RANK PERCENT_RANK PERCENT_RANK I also enjoyed three different puzzles during the course of this series which gave clear idea to the SQL Server 2012 analytic functions. SQL SERVER – Puzzle to Win Print Book – Functions FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE with OVER clause and ORDER BY SQL SERVER – Puzzle to Win Print Book – Write T-SQL Self Join Without Using LEAD and LAG SQL SERVER – Puzzle to Win Print Book – Explain Value of PERCENTILE_CONT() Using Simple Example This series will be always my dear series as during this series I had went through very unique experience of my book going out of stock and becoming available after 48 hours. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Function, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Canon MX870 printer only shows "Processing" on the status LCD

  - by Nick

  I had my Canon MX870 installed perfectly fine in 11.10, but since upgrading to 12.04, it no longer works. The printer is recognized in print settings and when I attempt to print a test page, the printer LCD displays a "Processing" message, but then it disappears and nothing happens. Here are my logs (note that printing did not succeed despite the access logs showing success): # /var/log/cups/access_log localhost - - [22/May/2012:12:29:35 -0400] "POST /printers/Canon-MX870 HTTP/1.1" 200 412 Print-Job successful-ok - # /var/log/cups/error_log W [22/May/2012:12:25:51 -0400] failed to CreateProfile: org.freedesktop.ColorManager.AlreadyExists:profile id 'Canon-MX870-Gray..' already exists W [22/May/2012:12:25:51 -0400] failed to CreateProfile: org.freedesktop.ColorManager.AlreadyExists:profile id 'Canon-MX870-RGB..' already exists W [22/May/2012:12:25:51 -0400] failed to CreateDevice: org.freedesktop.ColorManager.AlreadyExists:device id 'cups-Canon-MX870' already exists W [22/May/2012:12:25:51 -0400] failed to CreateProfile: org.freedesktop.ColorManager.AlreadyExists:profile id 'Canon-MX870-Gray..' already exists W [22/May/2012:12:25:51 -0400] failed to CreateProfile: org.freedesktop.ColorManager.AlreadyExists:profile id 'Canon-MX870-RGB..' already exists W [22/May/2012:12:25:51 -0400] failed to CreateDevice: org.freedesktop.ColorManager.AlreadyExists:device id 'cups-Canon-MX870' already exists W [22/May/2012:12:25:51 -0400] failed to CreateProfile: org.freedesktop.ColorManager.AlreadyExists:profile id 'Canon-MX870-Gray..' already exists W [22/May/2012:12:25:51 -0400] failed to CreateProfile: org.freedesktop.ColorManager.AlreadyExists:profile id 'Canon-MX870-RGB..' already exists W [22/May/2012:12:25:51 -0400] failed to CreateDevice: org.freedesktop.ColorManager.AlreadyExists:device id 'cups-Canon-MX870' already exists W [22/May/2012:12:25:51 -0400] failed to CreateProfile: org.freedesktop.ColorManager.AlreadyExists:profile id 'Canon-MX870-Gray..' already exists W [22/May/2012:12:25:51 -0400] failed to CreateProfile: org.freedesktop.ColorManager.AlreadyExists:profile id 'Canon-MX870-RGB..' already exists W [22/May/2012:12:25:51 -0400] failed to CreateDevice: org.freedesktop.ColorManager.AlreadyExists:device id 'cups-Canon-MX870' already exists

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• Project Euler 14: (Iron)Python

  - by Ben Griswold

  In my attempt to learn (Iron)Python out in the open, here’s my solution for Project Euler Problem 14.  As always, any feedback is welcome. # Euler 14 # http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=14 # The following iterative sequence is defined for the set # of positive integers: # n -> n/2 (n is even) # n -> 3n + 1 (n is odd) # Using the rule above and starting with 13, we generate # the following sequence: # 13 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1 # It can be seen that this sequence (starting at 13 and # finishing at 1) contains 10 terms. Although it has not # been proved yet (Collatz Problem), it is thought that all # starting numbers finish at 1. Which starting number, # under one million, produces the longest chain? # NOTE: Once the chain starts the terms are allowed to go # above one million. import time start = time.time() def collatz_length(n): # 0 and 1 return self as length if n <= 1: return n length = 1 while (n != 1): if (n % 2 == 0): n /= 2 else: n = 3*n + 1 length += 1 return length starting_number, longest_chain = 1, 0 for x in xrange(1, 1000001): l = collatz_length(x) if l > longest_chain: starting_number, longest_chain = x, l print starting_number print longest_chain # Slow 31 seconds print "Elapsed Time:", (time.time() - start) * 1000, "millisecs" a=raw_input('Press return to continue')

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• Printing problem in Silverlight 4.0 RC - loading images in code behind

  - by Jacek Ciereszko

  Few days ago I faced a problem with printing in new Silverlight 4 RC. When you try to dynamically load image (in code behind) and print it, it doesn't work. Paper sheet is blank. Problem XAML file: <Image x:Name="image" Stretch="None" /> XAML.cs: image.Source = new BitmapImage(new Uri(imageUri, UriKind.RelativeOrAbsolute));  Print: var pd = new PrintDocument();   pd.PrintPage += (s, args) =>     {       args.PageVisual = image;     };   pd.Print(); Result: Blank paper.   Solution What you need to do, is forced Silverlight engine to load that image before printing start. To accomplish that I proposed simply checking PixelWith value. Your code will ask about PixelWidth of image so it will have to be loaded. XAML.cs: BitmapImage bImage = new BitmapImage(new Uri(imageUri, UriKind.RelativeOrAbsolute)); image.Source = bImage; InitControl(imageUri, movieUri, isLeft); int w = bImage.PixelWidth; int h = bImage.PixelHeight;   DONE!   Jacek Ciereszko

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• How to Search for (and Find) Solaris Docs

  - by rickramsey

  Just the other day, I went to the recently-released Oracle Solaris 11 library to search for information about the print service changes. I knew there had been changes in Oracle Solaris 11, but could not remember the new approach to printing. So, being the optimist that I (never) am, I went to the Oracle Solaris 11 Information Library on docs.oracle.com and typed "print service" into the search box. Imagine my surprise when the response back was: We did not find any search results for: print service site:download.oracle.com url:/docs/cd/E23824_01. OMG! WTF? Are you kidding me? After throwing a few stuffed animals at my computer screen, I tried again. Is search broken? Well, sort of (and I'm trying to get it fixed). In the meantime, however, there is a reasonably simple user workaround. Possibly unnoticed by most people, there is a Within drop-down menu on the Oracle search results page. If you simply open the Within menu, select Documentation, and click the little magnifying glass again, you (should) get the expected results. Is it perfect? No, but at least it's an improvement over being completely broken. - Janice Critchlow, Information Architect, Systems Website Newsletter Facebook Twitter

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• Is Your Desktop Printer More Expensive Than Printing Services?

  - by Eric Z Goodnight

  While many users see desktop printers as the best way to print photos, compared to cheap printing services, they may be more expensive. In this simple How-To, learn how to compare the cost per print to commercial options. Readers may not think of desktop printers as “convenient,” however manufacturers are largely selling the convenience of being able to print at home. Many commercial printers may offer services that are cheaper, even at small quantities. See how a few free downloads, some internet research, and some math can save you money over the holidays Latest Features How-To Geek ETC The Complete List of iPad Tips, Tricks, and Tutorials The 50 Best Registry Hacks that Make Windows Better The How-To Geek Holiday Gift Guide (Geeky Stuff We Like) LCD? LED? Plasma? The How-To Geek Guide to HDTV Technology The How-To Geek Guide to Learning Photoshop, Part 8: Filters Improve Digital Photography by Calibrating Your Monitor The Brothers Mario – Epic Gangland Style Mario Brothers Movie Trailer [Video] Score Awesome Games on the Cheap with the Humble Indie Bundle Add a Colorful Christmas Theme to Your Windows 7 Desktop This Windows Hack Changes the Blue Screen of Death to Red Edit Images Quickly in Firefox with Pixlr Grabber Zoho Writer, Sheet, and Show Now Available in Chrome Web Store

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• Getting Started with TypeScript – Classes, Static Types and Interfaces

  - by dwahlin

  I had the opportunity to speak on different JavaScript topics at DevConnections in Las Vegas this fall and heard a lot of interesting comments about JavaScript as I talked with people. The most frequent comment I heard from people was, “I guess it’s time to start learning JavaScript”. Yep – if you don’t already know JavaScript then it’s time to learn it. As HTML5 becomes more and more popular the amount of JavaScript code written will definitely increase. After all, many of the HTML5 features available in browsers have little to do with “tags” and more to do with JavaScript (web workers, web sockets, canvas, local storage, etc.). As the amount of JavaScript code being used in applications increases, it’s more important than ever to structure the code in a way that’s maintainable and easy to debug. While JavaScript patterns can certainly be used (check out my previous posts on the subject or my course on Pluralsight.com), several alternatives have come onto the scene such as CoffeeScript, Dart and TypeScript. In this post I’ll describe some of the features TypeScript offers and the benefits that they can potentially offer enterprise-scale JavaScript applications. It’s important to note that while TypeScript has several great features, it’s definitely not for everyone or every project especially given how new it is. The goal of this post isn’t to convince you to use TypeScript instead of standard JavaScript….I’m a big fan of JavaScript. Instead, I’ll present several TypeScript features and let you make the decision as to whether TypeScript is a good fit for your applications. TypeScript Overview Here’s the official definition of TypeScript from the http://typescriptlang.org site: “TypeScript is a language for application-scale JavaScript development. TypeScript is a typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript. Any browser. Any host. Any OS. Open Source.” TypeScript was created by Anders Hejlsberg (the creator of the C# language) and his team at Microsoft. To sum it up, TypeScript is a new language that can be compiled to JavaScript much like alternatives such as CoffeeScript or Dart. It isn’t a stand-alone language that’s completely separate from JavaScript’s roots though. It’s a superset of JavaScript which means that standard JavaScript code can be placed in a TypeScript file (a file with a .ts extension) and used directly. That’s a very important point/feature of the language since it means you can use existing code and frameworks with TypeScript without having to do major code conversions to make it all work. Once a TypeScript file is saved it can be compiled to JavaScript using TypeScript’s tsc.exe compiler tool or by using a variety of editors/tools. TypeScript offers several key features. First, it provides built-in type support meaning that you define variables and function parameters as being “string”, “number”, “bool”, and more to avoid incorrect types being assigned to variables or passed to functions. Second, TypeScript provides a way to write modular code by directly supporting class and module definitions and it even provides support for custom interfaces that can be used to drive consistency. Finally, TypeScript integrates with several different tools such as Visual Studio, Sublime Text, Emacs, and Vi to provide syntax highlighting, code help, build support, and more depending on the editor. Find out more about editor support at http://www.typescriptlang.org/#Download. TypeScript can also be used with existing JavaScript frameworks such as Node.js, jQuery, and others and even catch type issues and provide enhanced code help. Special “declaration” files that have a d.ts extension are available for Node.js, jQuery, and other libraries out-of-the-box. Visit http://typescript.codeplex.com/SourceControl/changeset/view/fe3bc0bfce1f#samples%2fjquery%2fjquery.d.ts for an example of a jQuery TypeScript declaration file that can be used with tools such as Visual Studio 2012 to provide additional code help and ensure that a string isn’t passed to a parameter that expects a number. Although declaration files certainly aren’t required, TypeScript’s support for declaration files makes it easier to catch issues upfront while working with existing libraries such as jQuery. In the future I expect TypeScript declaration files will be released for different HTML5 APIs such as canvas, local storage, and others as well as some of the more popular JavaScript libraries and frameworks. Getting Started with TypeScript To get started learning TypeScript visit the TypeScript Playground available at http://www.typescriptlang.org. Using the playground editor you can experiment with TypeScript code, get code help as you type, and see the JavaScript that TypeScript generates once it’s compiled. Here’s an example of the TypeScript playground in action:   One of the first things that may stand out to you about the code shown above is that classes can be defined in TypeScript. This makes it easy to group related variables and functions into a container which helps tremendously with re-use and maintainability especially in enterprise-scale JavaScript applications. While you can certainly simulate classes using JavaScript patterns (note that ECMAScript 6 will support classes directly), TypeScript makes it quite easy especially if you come from an object-oriented programming background. An example of the Greeter class shown in the TypeScript Playground is shown next: class Greeter { greeting: string; constructor (message: string) { this.greeting = message; } greet() { return "Hello, " + this.greeting; } } Looking through the code you’ll notice that static types can be defined on variables and parameters such as greeting: string, that constructors can be defined, and that functions can be defined such as greet(). The ability to define static types is a key feature of TypeScript (and where its name comes from) that can help identify bugs upfront before even running the code. Many types are supported including primitive types like string, number, bool, undefined, and null as well as object literals and more complex types such as HTMLInputElement (for an <input> tag). Custom types can be defined as well. The JavaScript output by compiling the TypeScript Greeter class (using an editor like Visual Studio, Sublime Text, or the tsc.exe compiler) is shown next: var Greeter = (function () { function Greeter(message) { this.greeting = message; } Greeter.prototype.greet = function () { return "Hello, " + this.greeting; }; return Greeter; })(); Notice that the code is using JavaScript prototyping and closures to simulate a Greeter class in JavaScript. The body of the code is wrapped with a self-invoking function to take the variables and functions out of the global JavaScript scope. This is important feature that helps avoid naming collisions between variables and functions. In cases where you’d like to wrap a class in a naming container (similar to a namespace in C# or a package in Java) you can use TypeScript’s module keyword. The following code shows an example of wrapping an AcmeCorp module around the Greeter class. In order to create a new instance of Greeter the module name must now be used. This can help avoid naming collisions that may occur with the Greeter class.   module AcmeCorp { export class Greeter { greeting: string; constructor (message: string) { this.greeting = message; } greet() { return "Hello, " + this.greeting; } } } var greeter = new AcmeCorp.Greeter("world"); In addition to being able to define custom classes and modules in TypeScript, you can also take advantage of inheritance by using TypeScript’s extends keyword. The following code shows an example of using inheritance to define two report objects:   class Report { name: string; constructor (name: string) { this.name = name; } print() { alert("Report: " + this.name); } } class FinanceReport extends Report { constructor (name: string) { super(name); } print() { alert("Finance Report: " + this.name); } getLineItems() { alert("5 line items"); } } var report = new FinanceReport("Month's Sales"); report.print(); report.getLineItems();   In this example a base Report class is defined that has a variable (name), a constructor that accepts a name parameter of type string, and a function named print(). The FinanceReport class inherits from Report by using TypeScript’s extends keyword. As a result, it automatically has access to the print() function in the base class. In this example the FinanceReport overrides the base class’s print() method and adds its own. The FinanceReport class also forwards the name value it receives in the constructor to the base class using the super() call. TypeScript also supports the creation of custom interfaces when you need to provide consistency across a set of objects. The following code shows an example of an interface named Thing (from the TypeScript samples) and a class named Plane that implements the interface to drive consistency across the app. Notice that the Plane class includes intersect and normal as a result of implementing the interface.   interface Thing { intersect: (ray: Ray) => Intersection; normal: (pos: Vector) => Vector; surface: Surface; } class Plane implements Thing { normal: (pos: Vector) =>Vector; intersect: (ray: Ray) =>Intersection; constructor (norm: Vector, offset: number, public surface: Surface) { this.normal = function (pos: Vector) { return norm; } this.intersect = function (ray: Ray): Intersection { var denom = Vector.dot(norm, ray.dir); if (denom > 0) { return null; } else { var dist = (Vector.dot(norm, ray.start) + offset) / (-denom); return { thing: this, ray: ray, dist: dist }; } } } }   At first glance it doesn’t appear that the surface member is implemented in Plane but it’s actually included automatically due to the public surface: Surface parameter in the constructor. Adding public varName: Type to a constructor automatically adds a typed variable into the class without having to explicitly write the code as with normal and intersect. TypeScript has additional language features but defining static types and creating classes, modules, and interfaces are some of the key features it offers. So is TypeScript right for you and your applications? That’s a not a question that I or anyone else can answer for you. You’ll need to give it a spin to see what you think. In future posts I’ll discuss additional details about TypeScript and how it can be used with enterprise-scale JavaScript applications. In the meantime, I’m in the process of working with John Papa on a new Typescript course for Pluralsight that we hope to have out in December of 2012.

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• Visual Studio 2010 Keyboard Shortcut Posters Available

  - by Jim Duffy

  I’m a firm believer in the productivity gains you experience when using keyboard shortcuts in Visual Studio. If you’re not using keyboard shortcuts while coding then your productivity is suffering. Some of my favorites (omitting the obvious ones like F5 to start debugging) as are: Ctrl+K, C – Comment section of code Ctrl+K, U – Uncomment section of code Ctrl+K, D – Format the current document (indentation, etc.) Shift+Alt+C – Add new class to a project Shift+Alt+A – Add existing item to a project Ctrl+Shift+A – Add new item to a project The good news is all of these and a TON of others are all documented in the Visual Studio Keyboard Shortcut Posters (available as PDFs). The only problem is there are so many you need a printer capable of printing on larger paper because while you can read them all on 8 1/2 x 11 paper in landscape mode, for them to be a valuable quick reference on your cubicle wall you’re going to need to print them on large paper. If you don’t have a printer capable of producing large sized printouts head down to Office Depot, Staples, FedEx Office, or your favorite print shop and have them print one for you. Oh and one last thing, I’d really like Microsoft to take those people’s picture off them. Really? Do we need to look at these people when trying to improve our productivity? Have a day. :-|

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• Calling COM from Intel Fortran?

  - by user57460

  I'm trying to get COM working from my Fortran application. I do a "COMINITIALIZE" followed by a "COMCreateObjectByProgID". Both of these appear to be successful and return a status of zero. However, when I try to use the COM object, I get "Unhandled exception at 0x00000000 in FortranProg01.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation." I realize that this error can mean almost anything, but has anyone got some suggestions of common problems with COM that produce this problem? Here are some more details. My program code: program FortranProg01 use myolepg implicit none integer*4 comInitStatus integer:: comCreateStatus INTEGER(INT_PTR_KIND()) $OBJECT INTEGER(4) funcResult REAL(8) pkgVersion call COMINITIALIZE(comInitStatus) print *, comInitStatus call COMCreateObjectByProgID('MyOlePg.MyOlePkg', $OBJECT, comCreateStatus) print *, comCreateStatus funcResult = IMyOlePkg_GetPackageVersion($OBJECT, pkgVersion) print *, funcResult call COMUNINITIALIZE() end program FortranProg01 The wizard-generated interface code: INTERFACE !property PackageVersion INTEGER(4) FUNCTION IMyOlePkg_GetPackageVersion($OBJECT, pVal) INTEGER(INT_PTR_KIND()), INTENT(IN) :: $OBJECT ! Object Pointer !DEC$ ATTRIBUTES VALUE :: $OBJECT REAL(8), INTENT(OUT) :: pVal !DEC$ ATTRIBUTES REFERENCE :: pVal !DEC$ ATTRIBUTES STDCALL :: IMyOlePkg_GetPackageVersion END FUNCTION IMyOlePkg_GetPackageVersion END INTERFACE Any help would be much appreciated! Thanks! Brad.

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