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• How to boot load the kernel using EFI stub (efistub) loader?

  - by Pro Backup

  I have Ubuntu 14.04 running in UEFI mode as only operating system, no dual-boot here. The kernel version is 3.13.0-24-generic. There is an EFI partition. In this case the EFI partition is not at the default /dev/sda1 but at /dev/sda3 because I did actually convert BIOS mode to EFI mode. I have used the grub-efi-amd64 package, though that actually loads GRUB boot menu from UEFI firmware boot menu (UEFI boot loads \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi). I want to skip that double boot menu loading step, and boot faster, directly from UEFI into the kernel. The Ubuntu kernels since 12.10 have "Kernel EFI stub loader" feature. I know I do need to copy the Ubuntu kernel to the EFI partition (possibly rename) and create an entry in UEFI boot menu (for instance using efibootmgr). Which exact terminal commands are necessary to do this?

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• How do I get and install an unmodified kernel?

  - by Lucas -luky- N.

  So, I want to learn how to develop drivers for Linux. And for that I heard it's recommended to use an unmodified kernel, since distributions can patch/change it a lot. I downloaded Ubuntu 10.04 (lucid): http://releases.ubuntu.com/lucid/ubuntu-10.04.1-desktop-i386.iso.torrent I found this page: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/MainlineBuilds How do I know what's the most compatible kernel version for that Ubuntu release ? I could not understand from the wiki page.

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• How difficult is it to change from Embedded programming to a high level programming [on hold]

  - by anudeep shetty

  I have a background in Computer Science. I worked on Embedded programming on Linux file systems, after I finished my Bachelor's degree, for over a year. After that I pursued my masters where most of my course choices involved working on web, java and databases. Now I have an offer to work with a company that is offering a job to work on the OS level. The company is pretty good but I am feeling that my Masters has gone to waste. I wanted to know is it common that a Computer Science major works on low-level coding and is there a possibility that I can work in this company for some years and then move onto an opportunity where I can work on high-level coding? Also is working on low-level programming a safe choice in terms of job opportunities?

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• How can I repair a corrupt kernel if no others are installed?

  - by Willi Ballenthin

  I've been running Ubuntu 10.04 on my laptop for quite some time. When I went to boot it up this morning, BAM! kernel panic (which immediately lead to human panic) when loading the kernel. So I've spent much of the day troubleshooting, and my current theory is that the FS is fine, but that the kernel image may be corrupt. Let's go with this current theory for the sake of this question, as I am interested how it is done. How can I replace the kernel image if I have no bootable kernels? Can I boot to a 10.04 live CD, copy the the vmlinuz-2.6.3x... to the HD and go from there? Wouldn't I want to copy the initramfs as well, but configured for the desktop system? Can I generate this from the live CD?

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• New file in ubuntu kernel ppa repository to install?

  - by Nikki Kononov

  Googling this question hasn't brought me to anything so I decided to ask here. Recently I noticed on kernel.org that kernel 3.7 finally considered to be a stable so I decided to upgrade, since I am on 3.7 RC7 but when I opened http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.7.1-raring/ I noticed new file (actually 2 which seems to be identical) linux-headers-3.7.1-030701-omap_3.7.1-030701.201212171620_armhf.deb and linux-image-3.7.1-030701-omap_3.7.1-030701.201212171620_armhf.deb so my question is should I install those as well or continue installing only 4 files (e.g. 3 AMD64 image and headers + all headers)? Thank you.

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• Where can I get the Natty kernel .config file?

  - by Oli

  I'm using Maverick with the latest available kernels on kernel.org and building them myself. Until now I've been basing my configuration off the stock Maverick kernel and accepting the make oldconfig defaults. I've been doing this for 3 major releases now so I figure I'm starting to slip behind the current "standard". I would like to re-base my kernels off the new Natty .config file. Is this available somewhere online or do I have to download the whole kernel package and extract it?

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• How do I correctly upgrade the kernel on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS?

  - by lal00

  I'm trying to upgrade the linux kernel from 2.6.32-34 to the latest update of that series, which appears to be 2.6.32-34. I ran: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade At this point i was told that some packages were kept back: The following packages have been kept back: landscape-common linux-headers-server linux-image-server linux-server I proceeded to install those and then to autoremove the kernel (that's what apt-get recommended): sudo apt-get install linux-headers-server linux-image-server linux-server sudo apt-get autoremove My problem is that after booting, and running uname -a i still get the 2.6.32.34 kernel. How can I guarantee that the latest kernel will be loaded? thank you in advance.

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• How do I uninstall the TuxOnIce kernel in 12.04?

  - by Lluis

  I recently installed tuxonice on a Toshiba z830. I have ubuntu 12.04 (kernel was: 3.2.0-26) I wanted to be able to hibernate, which I consider to be a basic thing a OS should allow you to do. Well, it didn't work...but they already tell you it may not so I removed it. For doing all these I followed: Problem with Hibernation After uninstalling I switched off the laptop and after this I started to have several problems. The first one was that Cisco VPN didn't work anymore and then I realised that I could not even suspend my laptop. I found very strange that after removing tuxonice I still had this: /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic-tuxonice/ The VPN problem could be solved by just copying from my previous kernel: 3.2.0-26-generic/CiscoVPN/ into the tuxonice one. Not very elegant but works. Now, for the suspend problem (and the previous too) I can hold Shift when starting and select my old kernel and then suspend works again. In my opinion tuxonice was not correctly uninstalled as it left that kernel behind and worse: ubuntu uses it if I do not take action. I have these work arounds....and here is my question: how can I delete this tuxonice kernel safely? If you need more info please let me know.

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• Where can I get the 11.04 kernel .config file?

  - by Oli

  I'm using Maverick with the latest available kernels on kernel.org and building them myself. Until now I've been basing my configuration off the stock Maverick kernel and accepting the make oldconfig defaults. I've been doing this for 3 major releases now so I figure I'm starting to slip behind the current "standard". I would like to re-base my kernels off the new Natty .config file. Is this available somewhere online or do I have to download the whole kernel package and extract it? Edit: I've manually pulled in the config from the latest Natty kernel package and I can confirm that I propbably should have done this sooner. A lot of differences between my old "evolved" config and the Natty default. Now if I could just do this without 20 minutes of hunting and downloading the package so I can re-base in the future.

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• Ways to earn money through programming and/or programming knowledge [closed]

  - by Jason Swett

  It occurred to me today that it might be useful to make a list of all the ways to earn money through either actual programming or just programming knowledge. I imagine it's probably a finite list as long as you stick to a reasonable level of granularity. Here's what I have so far: Trading your time for money (i.e. having a job or being a freelancer) Building your own software product (a full-fledged startup or a tiny mobile app or whatever) Giving talks at conferences and meetups Teaching students in a classroom Writing a book or blog (these are products, but non-software products) I've probably missed at least a few. What else is there? (I'm not sure whether this is an appropriate question, by the way. I think I would select the best answer based on how practical/original/interesting/numerous your suggestions are.)

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• compile kernel 2.6.34 for Ubuntu Lucid for xen dom0 / pvops

  - by andreash

  Hi there, I'd like to compile a recent Linux kernel (2.6.34) for my Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx AMD64 box, mainly because I'd like to use it as a dom0 kernel with the recent xen4. There's plenty documentation on the web about how to compile a kernel 'Debian style'. But what I think would be nice to start with an 'official' Ubuntu config to be sure not to miss any important things and having to recompile over and over again. So what I'd like to do is compile 2.6.34, but starting with the 'official' /boot/config-2.6.32-XX from Ubuntu Lucid. The question is: How do I best do that? If I just take the config from 2.6.32, the new features from 2.6.33/34 won't be in the config. So what I'd like to do is somehow the 2.6.34 config with the original 2.6.32 one from Ubuntu. How can I best do that? Does it even make sense? Is there easier ways to achieve what I want? Thanks for your insight! A. PS: I just found a linux-image-2.6.32-bpo.4-xen-amd64 package on backports.org, but no information about it. Would it work as a dom0 kernel on Lucid?

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• PPP kernel module fails to load

  - by Harel

  I am trying to deal with a problem on a server I don't normally deal with. Out of the blue a script using ppp started failing saying that the ppp kernel module is not loaded. When I try to modprobe it it complains about files missing. Note below that the kernel version the server thinks it at, does not match the kernel version directory in /lib/modules. I'm not sure how this could have happened. Could the other maintainers of the server botched a kernel upgrade? My question is how can I fix this discrepancy. Can I simply rename the lib directory and hope for the best? I don't want to break stuff for the people who actually maintain the server but I do need to fix the PPP issue. $ sudo /sbin/modprobe -v ppp FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.35.4-rscloud/modules.dep: No such file or directory $ cat /proc/version Linux version 2.6.35.4-rscloud ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.4.3 (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5) ) #8 SMP Mon Sep 20 15:54:33 UTC 2010 $ ls /lib/modules/ 2.6.33.5-rscloud

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• (manually configured) kernel update leaves wireless in a mess

  - by Mala

  I recently upgraded my kernel from 2.6.31-gentoo-r6 to 2.6.32-gentoo-r7. In both cases, I configured everything manually. However, since the upgrade, my wireless card appears to be on the fritz. It will connect to networks just fine, and remain connected, but can only access the internet (and other hosts on the network) for about 3 seconds after connecting. Reconnecting to the network appears to fix the problem... for another 3 seconds or so. The problem is "solved" by booting into the older kernel. The relevant lspci entry is 02:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation PRO/Wireless 5300 AGN [Shiloh] Network Connection I'm pretty sure I have the correct drivers enabled in the kernel Device Drivers ---> Network device support ---> Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11) ---> <*> Intel Wireless Wifi [*] Enable LED support in iwlagn and iwl3945 drivers [*] Enable Spectrum Measurement in iwlagn driver [*] Enable full debugging output in iwlagn and iwl3945 drivers <*> Intel Wireless WiFi Next Gen AGN (iwlagn) [*] Intel Wireless WiFi 4965AGN [*] Intel Wireless WiFi 5000AGN; Intel WiFi Link 1000, 6000, and 6050 Series I tried with the other intel drivers enabled as well (iwl3945) and no difference. Is there something stupid I'm missing? Is there something I have to recompile after upgrading the kernel (a la nvidia)? Thanks Mala

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• Link list usage in system programming

  - by Pwn

  Hi, in spite of having so many efficient data structures, why is only linked list used so heavily in systems programming? Is it because it allows least usage of heap/less buggy code? Regards, Pwn

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• First Come, First Served process scheduling

  - by user253530

  i have 4 processes: p1 - bursts 5, priority: 3 p2 - bursts 8, priority: 2 p3 - bursts 12, priority: 2 p4 - bursts 6, priority: 1 Assuming that all processes arrive at the scheduler at the same time what is the average response time and average turnaround time? For FCFS is it ok to have them in the order p1, p2, p3, p4 in the execution queue?

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• compile software with older version of gcc and linux kernel

  - by ant2009

  Distributor ID: SUSE LINUX Description: openSUSE 11.4 (x86_64) Release: 11.4 Codename: Celadon gcc (SUSE Linux) 4.5.1 Linux linux-14ay 2.6.37.6-0.20-desktop #1 SMP PREEMPT 2011-12-19 23:39:38 +0100 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Hello, I am trying to install software on the above system. However, the software that I need requires an earlier version of gcc (version 4.1) my current install version is 4.5.1. It is possible to install an 4.1 on my current system? Where would I get the gcc version from? Also, I get this message about the Linux kernel The current kernel version (2.6.37.6-0.20-desktop) is later than the version currently supported by this software (2.6.5) Is it possible to install this earlier kernel. Where would I get that from? Many thanks for any suggestions,

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• Ultra Low Latency Linux Distribution or Kernel

  - by Zanler

  I'd like to know if there are any linux distributions that are focused on low latency networking. The area I'm working in is algorithmic trading, and extremely low latency comms between machines is a must. The current h/w we're using is 10g ethernet, we're looking into things like infiniband RDMA and Voltaire VMA I've googled around, and have only been able to find tidbtits of kernel patches, command line options and hardware suggestions. I'm looking for a complete solution, specially built kernel, kernel bypass features, essentially all the goodies rolled up into one package - does such a thing even exist? I ask as a lot of this stuff seems to be a black art, people keep secret what they know works etc.

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• Kernel appears to have no modules

  - by George Reith

  Useful info: OS: CentOS 5.8 final Kernel: 2.6.32-042stab056.8 My kernel came prebuilt with the server, I don't know anything about kernels and not a lot about linux however as far as I do know I should have some modules loaded by the kernel. I came across this problem because I am unable to run iscsi as it is expecting certain modules to be loaded. lsmod returns nothing. depmod -a returns: WARNING: Couldn't open directory /lib/modules/2.6.32-042stab056.8: No such file or directory FATAL: Could not open /lib/modules/2.6.32-042stab056.8/modules.dep.temp for writing: No such file or directory I have rebooted and nothing has changed. Does anyone know why this is happening?

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• linux kernel option to set sata disk to udma/133 1.5gbps

  - by John Doe

  hi, i try to speed up boot time of my linux server box which uses removable HDD rack's the current boot time is around 2 min's but if i connect the hdd's directly to the mainboard its about 2 sec's the problem is that ahci's kernel implementation causes a timeout of around 30 seconds for each disk during boot which originates from the hdd-rack after the timeout the kernel prints that the disk is limited with speed to 1.5gbps and udma/133 is used so the question i have is: how can i set this in grub as a boot option so the kernel doesnt have to wait for a timeout and just hardcoded limits the speed of the disks? i read about a few options like pci=nomsi or such, which dont work thats why im asking for limiting precisely the disks during boot thx

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• Missing kernel on debian-testing-amd64-DVD-1

  - by Kyrol

  I want to install the Debian testing linux version. But at a certain point of the installation, an error occurs: Impossible to install kernel. a compatible kernel version is missing... … or something like that. I see that the image ISO of the DVD is less than 4GB, but is impossible that there is no compatible kernel version for the system. I have an Asus X53Sc with Intel core I7-2630QM, Geforce GT 520MX.

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• Finding a new programming language for web development?

  - by Xeoncross

  I'm wondering if there are any un-biased resources that give good, specific overviews of programming languages and their intended goals. I would like to learn a new language, but visiting the sites of each language isn't working. Each one talks about how great it is without much mention of it's weaknesses or specific goals. Ruby is a dynamic, open source programming language with a focus on simplicity and productivity. Python is a programming language that lets you work more quickly and integrate your systems more effectively. Having been a PHP developer for years, Vic Cherubini sums up my plight well: I knew PHP well, had my own framework, and could work quickly to get something up and running. I programmed like this throughout the MVC revolution. I got better and better jobs (read: better paying, better title) as a PHP developer, but all along the way realizing that the code I wrote on my own time was great, and the code I worked with at work was horrible. Like, worse than horrible. Atrocious. OS Commerce level bad. Having side projects kept me sane, because the code I worked with at work made me miserable. This is why I'm retiring from PHP for my side projects and new programming ventures. I'm spent with PHP. Exhausted, if you will. I've reached a level where I think I'm at the top with it as a language and if I don't move on to a new language soon, I'll be done completely with programming and I do not want that. Languages I've looked at include JavaScript (for node.js), Ruby, Python, & Erlang. I've even thought about Scala or C++. The problem is figuring out which ones are built to handle my needs the best. So where can I go to skip the hype and get real information about the maturity of a platform, the size of the community, and the strengths & weaknesses of that language. If I know these then picking a language to continue my web development should be easy.

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• drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0) after recompile on boot

  - by squareone

  After recompiling a new kernel on CentOS 6.3, using the same kernel I have been using on several other machines, I am getting a kernel panic on two machines. I get the following when trying to boot: drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0) (flashes this before displaying the panic below) not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x00000100 Pid: 1, comm: init Not tainted etc... I have been trying to figure out what is going on, and am having trouble doing so, and feel I have exhausted all of my options here. Any help would be appreciated. My grub.conf: default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS (3.4.18-rt29) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-3.4.18-rt29 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet panic=5 initrd /initramfs-3.4.18-rt29.img title CentOS (2.6.32-279.14.1.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-279.14.1.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet panic=5 initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-279.14.1.el6.x86_64.img Any help or guidance would be greatly appreciated.

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• Size of modules within initrd

  - by LiKao

  I am currently trying to manually replace the kernel within ubuntu-core on an embedded device with a custom kernel. However when I try to update the initrd my initrd becomes much bigger. Here is what I did: Extract the initrd that was shipped with ubuntu Make a list of all modules within the old initrd get the same modules from the new module director at /lib/modules/new_kernel_version add these modules to the initrd and remove the old ones If I do this my initrd becomes quite bigger than the original one, so I checked the individual modules. I picked the btrfs.ko filesystem driver as an example. So by comparing these two modules I noticed the one I just picked into the initrd was much bigger, which caused the difference in size. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 999K Nov 14 15:06 btrfs.ko For the btrfs.ko within the shipped initrd. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7.2M Nov 14 15:08 btrfs.ko For the new btrfs.ko. What is different between these two modules? Could this be caused by some faulty setting for the new kernel? When producing the kernel I copied /proc/config.gz and used make oldconfig to update it, so all optimisations should be the same for both kernels. Or is there something else which is being done to the modules before they are put into the initrd? Maybe is there even some better way to build a new initrd for the new kernel in ubuntu altogether. Update: I just also tested with an initrd which I created from scratch using the mkinitrfs command within ubuntu, and it has the same size difference that I found for the initrd I manually updated.

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• pitfalls/disadvantages of functional programming

  - by CrazyJugglerDrummer

  When would you NOT want to use functional programming? What is it not so good at? I am more looking for disadvantages of the paradigm as a whole, not things like "not widely used", or "no good debugger available". Those answers may be correct as of now, but they deal with FP being a new concept (an unavoidable issue) and not any inherent qualities. Related: pitfalls of object oriented programming advantages of functional programming

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• Evolution of mainstream programming languages: simplicity versus complexity.

  - by Giorgio

  I had posted this question on http://stackoverflow.com but I was suggested that it may be more appropriate to post it on this forum. I did a quick search on this site and it seems to me that this question has not been asked yet. Please give me a hint if the topic has been raised already by someone else. Update I have rephrased this question, removed personal opinions and made it shorter. I hope in this way it is better suited for this forum. By looking at the recent development of Java (Java 7) and C++ (C++0x) I see that new features are added to these languages. For sure this makes it easier to use certain programming idioms, adding to the productivity of developers. On the other hand, there might be the following risks A language becomes too big, complex, and difficult to understand. It lacks coherence in the design, e.g. if it mixes different paradigms like object-orientation and functional programming, which might not fit well together. Questions: what is more important to you as a developer: to have a rich language that captures a large collection of programming idioms or to have a small language that aims at coherence and simplicity (of course, with a good deal of libraries and tools accompanying it)? Or is it possible to have both? With respect to these issues: How do you judge the current evolutions of main-stream programming languages like Java or C++? Are they becoming too complex, less intuitive? Do they have enough features? Do they need more? Are they still easy enough to understand and use?

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