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• Ruby or Python?

  - by Bobby Tables

  Hi all, This question is extremely subjective and open-ended. It might even sound like something I should just research for myself and make my own decision. But I'd like to put it out there and get some thoughts from others. Long story short - I burned out with the rat race and am on a self-funded sabbatical this year. Much of it is to take a break from the corporate grind and travel around, but I also want to play around with new technologies and do some self-learning projects, to stay up to speed on programming, and well - I just love tinkering with programming, when there's no pressure! Here's the thing: I am a lifetime C/C++/Java programmer. I'm a bit of a squiggly bracket snob since I've been working with this family of languages for my entire programming career. So I'd like to learn a language which isn't so closely syntactically related to this group. What I'm basically looking for is a language which is relatively general purpose, fun to learn, has some new concepts that are different from C++/Java, and has a good community. A secondary consideration is that it has good web development frameworks. A tertiary consideration is that it's not totally academic (read: there are real world jobs out there using it). I've narrowed it down to Ruby or Python. My impression of Ruby is that it is extremely web oriented - that the only real application of it is as a server side scripting language for doing web stuff (mainly Ruby on Rails). For Python I'm not so sure. TL;DR and to put it as succinctly as possible: which of these would be better for a C++/Java guy to learn to get some new perspectives on programming? And which is more open and general purpose and applicable to a wider set of applications? I'm leaning towards Ruby at the moment, but I worry to an extent that it looks like it's used as nothing but a server side web language.

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• How to distribute python GTK applications?

  - by Nik

  This is in correlation with the previous question I asked here. My aim is to create and package an application for easy installation in Ubuntu and other debian distributions. I understand that the best way to do this is by creating .deb file with which users can easily install my application on their system. However, I would also like to make sure my application is available in multiple languages. This is why I raised the question before which you can read here. In the answers that were provided, I was asked to use disutils for my packaging. I am however missing the bigger picture here. Why is there a need to include a setup.py file when I distribute my application in .deb format? My purpose is to ensure that users do not need to perform python setup.py to install my application but rather just click on the .deb file. I already know how to create a deb file from the excellent tutorial available here. It clearly shows how to edit rules, changelog and everything required to create a clean deb file. You can look at my application source code and folder structure at Github if it helps you better understand my situation. Please note I have glanced through the official python documentation found here. But I am hoping that I would get an answer which would help even a lame man understand since my knowledge is pretty poor in this regard.

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• Strategies for managUse of types in Python

  - by dave

  I'm a long time programmer in C# but have been coding in Python for the past year. One of the big hurdles for me was the lack of type definitions for variables and parameters. Whereas I totally get the idea of duck typing, I do find it frustrating that I can't tell the type of a variable just by looking at it. This is an issue when you look at someone else's code where they've used ambiguous names for method parameters (see edit below). In a few cases, I've added asserts to ensure parameters comply with an expected type but this goes against the whole duck typing thing. On some methods, I'll document the expected type of parameters (eg: list of user objects), but even this seems to go against the idea of just using an object and let the runtime deal with exceptions. What strategies do you use to avoid typing problems in Python? Edit: Example of the parameter naming issues: If our code base we have a task object (ORM object) and a task_obj object (higher level object that embeds a task). Needless to say, many methods accept a parameter named 'task'. The method might expect a task or a task_obj or some other construct such as a dictionary of task properties - it is not clear. It is them up to be to look at how that parameter is used in order to work out what the method expects.

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• Strategies for managing use of types in Python

  - by dave

  I'm a long time programmer in C# but have been coding in Python for the past year. One of the big hurdles for me was the lack of type definitions for variables and parameters. Whereas I totally get the idea of duck typing, I do find it frustrating that I can't tell the type of a variable just by looking at it. This is an issue when you look at someone else's code where they've used ambiguous names for method parameters (see edit below). In a few cases, I've added asserts to ensure parameters comply with an expected type but this goes against the whole duck typing thing. On some methods, I'll document the expected type of parameters (eg: list of user objects), but even this seems to go against the idea of just using an object and let the runtime deal with exceptions. What strategies do you use to avoid typing problems in Python? Edit: Example of the parameter naming issues: If our code base we have a task object (ORM object) and a task_obj object (higher level object that embeds a task). Needless to say, many methods accept a parameter named 'task'. The method might expect a task or a task_obj or some other construct such as a dictionary of task properties - it is not clear. It is them up to be to look at how that parameter is used in order to work out what the method expects.

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• matplotlib and python multithread file processing

  - by Napseis

  I have a large number of files to process. I have written a script that get, sort and plot the datas I want. So far, so good. I have tested it and it gives the desired result. Then I wanted to do this using multithreading. I have looked into the doc and examples on the internet, and using one thread in my program works fine. But when I use more, at some point I get random matplotlib error, and I suspect some conflict there, even though I use a function with names for the plots, and iI can't see where the problem could be. Here is the whole script should you need more comment, i'll add them. Thank you. #!/usr/bin/python import matplotlib matplotlib.use('GTKAgg') import numpy as np from scipy.interpolate import griddata import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.colors as mcl from matplotlib import rc #for latex import time as tm import sys import threading import Queue #queue in 3.2 and Queue in 2.7 ! import pdb #the debugger rc('text', usetex=True)#for latex map=0 #initialize the map index. It will be use to index the array like this: array[map,[x,y]] time=np.zeros(1) #an array to store the time middle_h=np.zeros((0,3)) #x phi c #for the middle of the box current_file=open("single_void_cyl_periodic_phi_c_middle_h_out",'r') for line in current_file: if line.startswith('# === time'): map+=1 np.append(time,[float(line.strip('# === time '))]) elif line.startswith('#'): pass else: v=np.fromstring(line,dtype=float,sep=' ') middle_h=np.vstack( (middle_h,v[[1,3,4]]) ) current_file.close() middle_h=middle_h.reshape((map,-1,3)) #3d array: map, x, phi,c ##### def load_and_plot(): #will load a map file, and plot it along with the corresponding profile loaded before while not exit_flag: print("fecthing work ...") #try: if not tasks_queue.empty(): map_index=tasks_queue.get() print("----> working on map: %s" %map_index) x,y,zp=np.loadtxt("single_void_cyl_growth_periodic_post_map_"+str(map_index),unpack=True, usecols=[1, 2,3]) for i,el in enumerate(zp): if el<0.: zp[i]=0. xv=np.unique(x) yv=np.unique(y) X,Y= np.meshgrid(xv,yv) Z = griddata((x, y), zp, (X, Y),method='nearest') figure=plt.figure(num=map_index,figsize=(14, 8)) ax1=plt.subplot2grid((2,2),(0,0)) ax1.plot(middle_h[map_index,:,0],middle_h[map_index,:,1],'*b') ax1.grid(True) ax1.axis([-15, 15, 0, 1]) ax1.set_title('Profiles') ax1.set_ylabel(r'$\phi$') ax1.set_xlabel('x') ax2=plt.subplot2grid((2,2),(1,0)) ax2.plot(middle_h[map_index,:,0],middle_h[map_index,:,2],'*r') ax2.grid(True) ax2.axis([-15, 15, 0, 1]) ax2.set_ylabel('c') ax2.set_xlabel('x') ax3=plt.subplot2grid((2,2),(0,1),rowspan=2,aspect='equal') sub_contour=ax3.contourf(X,Y,Z,np.linspace(0,1,11),vmin=0.) figure.colorbar(sub_contour,ax=ax3) figure.savefig('single_void_cyl_'+str(map_index)+'.png') plt.close(map_index) tasks_queue.task_done() else: print("nothing left to do, other threads finishing,sleeping 2 seconds...") tm.sleep(2) # except: # print("failed this time: %s" %map_index+". Sleeping 2 seconds") # tm.sleep(2) ##### exit_flag=0 nb_threads=2 tasks_queue=Queue.Queue() threads_list=[] jobs=list(range(map)) #each job is composed of a map print("inserting jobs in the queue...") for job in jobs: tasks_queue.put(job) print("done") #launch the threads for i in range(nb_threads): working_bee=threading.Thread(target=load_and_plot) working_bee.daemon=True print("starting thread "+str(i)+' ...') threads_list.append(working_bee) working_bee.start() #wait for all tasks to be treated tasks_queue.join() #flip the flag, so the threads know it's time to stop exit_flag=1 for t in threads_list: print("waiting for threads %s to stop..."%t) t.join() print("all threads stopped")

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• Python and mechanize login script

  - by Perun

  Hi fellow programmers! I am trying to write a script to login into my universities "food balance" page using python and the mechanize module... This is the page I am trying to log into: http://www.wcu.edu/11407.asp The website has the following form to login: <FORM method=post action=https://itapp.wcu.edu/BanAuthRedirector/Default.aspx><INPUT value=https://cf.wcu.edu/busafrs/catcard/idsearch.cfm type=hidden name=wcuirs_uri> <P><B>WCU ID Number<BR></B><INPUT maxLength=12 size=12 type=password name=id> </P> <P><B>PIN<BR></B><INPUT maxLength=20 type=password name=PIN> </P> <P></P> <P><INPUT value="Request Access" type=submit name=submit> </P></FORM> From this we know that I need to fill in the following fields: 1. name=id 2. name=PIN With the action: action=https://itapp.wcu.edu/BanAuthRedirector/Default.aspx This is the script I have written thus far: #!/usr/bin/python2 -W ignore import mechanize, cookielib from time import sleep url = 'http://www.wcu.edu/11407.asp' myId = '11111111111' myPin = '22222222222' # Browser #br = mechanize.Browser() #br = mechanize.Browser(factory=mechanize.DefaultFactory(i_want_broken_xhtml_support=True)) br = mechanize.Browser(factory=mechanize.RobustFactory()) # Use this because of bad html tags in the html... # Cookie Jar cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar() br.set_cookiejar(cj) # Browser options br.set_handle_equiv(True) br.set_handle_gzip(True) br.set_handle_redirect(True) br.set_handle_referer(True) br.set_handle_robots(False) # Follows refresh 0 but not hangs on refresh > 0 br.set_handle_refresh(mechanize._http.HTTPRefreshProcessor(), max_time=1) # User-Agent (fake agent to google-chrome linux x86_64) br.addheaders = [('User-agent','Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11'), ('Accept', 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8'), ('Accept-Encoding', 'gzip,deflate,sdch'), ('Accept-Language', 'en-US,en;q=0.8'), ('Accept-Charset', 'ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3')] # The site we will navigate into br.open(url) # Go though all the forms (for debugging only) for f in br.forms(): print f # Select the first (index two) form br.select_form(nr=2) # User credentials br.form['id'] = myId br.form['PIN'] = myPin br.form.action = 'https://itapp.wcu.edu/BanAuthRedirector/Default.aspx' # Login br.submit() # Wait 10 seconds sleep(10) # Save to a file f = file('mycatpage.html', 'w') f.write(br.response().read()) f.close() Now the problem... For some odd reason the page I get back (in mycatpage.html) is the login page and not the expected page that displays my "cat cash balance" and "number of block meals" left... Does anyone have any idea why? Keep in mind that everything is correct with the header files and while the id and pass are not really 111111111 and 222222222, the correct values do work with the website (using a browser...) Thanks in advance EDIT Another script I tried: from urllib import urlopen, urlencode import urllib2 import httplib url = 'https://itapp.wcu.edu/BanAuthRedirector/Default.aspx' myId = 'xxxxxxxx' myPin = 'xxxxxxxx' data = { 'id':myId, 'PIN':myPin, 'submit':'Request Access', 'wcuirs_uri':'https://cf.wcu.edu/busafrs/catcard/idsearch.cfm' } opener = urllib2.build_opener() opener.addheaders = [('User-agent','Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11'), ('Accept', 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8'), ('Accept-Encoding', 'gzip,deflate,sdch'), ('Accept-Language', 'en-US,en;q=0.8'), ('Accept-Charset', 'ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3')] request = urllib2.Request(url, urlencode(data)) open("mycatpage.html", 'w').write(opener.open(request)) This has the same behavior...

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• Python 2.7 list of lists manipulation functionality

  - by user3688163

  I am trying to perform several operations on the myList list of lists below and am having some trouble figuring it out. I am very new to Python. myList = [ ['Issue Id','1.Completeness for OTC','Break',3275,33,33725102303,296384802,20140107], ['Issue Id','2.Validity check1 for OTC','Break',3308,0,34021487105,0,20140107], ['Issue Id','3.Validity check2 for OTC','Break',3308,0,34021487105,0,20140107], ['Issue Id','4.Completeness for RST','Break',73376,1,8.24931E+11,44690130,20140107], ['Issue Id','5.Validity check1 for RST','Break',73377,0,8.24976E+11,0,20140107], ['Liquidity','1. OTC - Null','Break',7821 0,2.28291E+11,0,20140110], ['Liquidity','2. OTC - Unmapped','Break',7778,43,2.27712E+11,579021732.8,20140110], ['Liquidity','3. RST - Null','Break',335120,0,1.01425E+12,0,20140110], ['Liquidity','4. RST - Unmapped','Break',334608,512,1.01351E+12,735465433.1,20140110], ['Liquidity','5. RST - Valid','Break',335120,0,1.01425E+12,0,20140110], ['Issue Id','1.Completeness for OTC','Break',3292,33,32397924450,306203929,20140110], ['Issue Id','2.Validity check1 for OTC','Break',3325,0,32704128379,0,20140110], ['Issue Id','3.Validity check2 for OTC','Break',3325,0,32704128379,0,20140110], ['Issue Id','4.Completeness for RST','Break',73594,3,8.5352E+11,69614602,20140110], ['Issue Id','5.Validity check1 for RST','Break',73597,0,8.5359E+11,0,20140110], ['Unlinked Silver ID','DQ','Break',3201318,176,20000000,54974.33386,20140101], ['Missing GCI','DQ','Break',3201336,158,68000000,49351.9588,20140101], ['Missing Book','DQ Break',3192720,8774,3001000000,2740595.484,20140101], ['Matured Trades','DQ','Break',3201006,488,1371000000,152428.8348,20140101], ['Illiquid Trades','1.Completeness Check for range','Break',43122,47,88597695671,54399061.43,20140107], ['Illiquid Trades','2.Completeness Check for non','Break',39033,0,79133622401,0,20140107] ] I am trying to get the result below but do not know how to do so: newList = [ ['Issue Id','1.Completeness for OTC:2.Validity check1 for OTC:3.Validity check2 for OTC','Break',3275,33,33725102303,296384802,20140107], ['Issue Id','4.Completeness for RST:5.Validity check1 for RST','Break',73376,1,8.24931E+11,44690130,20140107], ['Liquidity','1. OTC - Null','Break:2. OTC - Unmapped','Break',7821 0,2.28291E+11,0,20140110], ['Liquidity','3. RST - Null:4. RST - Unmapped:5. RST - Valid','Break',335120,0,1.01425E+12,0,20140110], ['Issue Id','1.Completeness for OTC:2.Validity check1 for OTC:3.Validity check2 for OTC','Break',3292,33,32397924450,306203929,20140110], ['Issue Id','4.Completeness for RST:5. RST - Valid','Break',73594,3,8.5352E+11,69614602,20140110], ['Unlinked Silver ID','DQ','Break',3201318,176,20000000,54974.33386,20140101], ['Missing GCI','DQ','Break',3201336,158,68000000,49351.9588,20140101], ['Missing Book','DQ Break',3192720,8774,3001000000,2740595.484,20140101], ['Matured Trades','DQ','Break',3201006,488,1371000000,152428.8348,20140101], ['Illiquid Trades','1.Completeness Check for range','Break',43122,47,88597695671,54399061.43,20140107], ['Illiquid Trades','2.Completeness Check for non','Break',39033,0,79133622401,0,20140107] ] Rules to create newList. Create a new list in the newList list of lists if the values in the lists meet the following conditions: multiple lists that match on `myList[i][0]` and `myList[i][7]` but with have (1) sums of `myList[i][3]` and `myList[i][4]` and (2) sums of `myList[i][5]` and `myList[i][6]` that are different from each other are just listed as is in newList if multiple lists match on both `myList[i][0]` (this is the type) and `myList[i][7]` (this is the date) are the same then create a new list for each set of lists with mathcing `myList[i][0]` and `myList[i][7]` that have (1) sums of `myList[i][3]` and `myList[i][4]` and (2) sums of `myList[i][5]` and `myList[i][6]` that are different from the other lists with mathcing `myList[i][0]` and `myList[i][7]`. I also am trying to concatenate `myList[i][1]` separated by a ':' for all those lists with matching `myList[i][0]` and `myList[i][7]` and with sums of `myList[i][3]` + `myList[i][4]` and `myList[i][5]` + `myList[i][6]` that match. So essentially for this case only those lists in `myList` with sums of `myList[i][3]` + `myList[i][4]` and `myList[i][5]` + `myList[i][6]` are different from the other lists are then listed in newList. The above newList illustrates these results I am trying to achieve. If anyone has any ideas how to do this they would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!

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• Trac FastCGI + Python on dreamhost leaves zombie python running

  - by Katsuke

  Hello there, Recently I installed trac in one of my dreamhost domains. I followed the instructions of http://trac.mlalonde.net/wiki/CreamyTrac and everything worked perfectly. At least i thought that was the case. After a few days, i started to notice that i was getting random 500 pages. I quickly checked the error log, and found a bunch of: [Fri Apr 16 14:35:34 2010] [error] [client *.*.*.*] Premature end of script headers: dispatch.fcgi [Fri Apr 16 14:35:54 2010] [error] [client *.*.*.*] Premature end of script headers: dispatch.fcgi, referer: http://www.trac.****.com/login [Fri Apr 16 16:05:58 2010] [error] [client *.*.*.*] Premature end of script headers: dispatch.fcgi, referer: http://www.trac.****.com/timeline The trac instance has very low traffic so it is possible that this might have been triggered faster if there was more use of it. So next step i went to look at top and am amazed by what i see: (this is NOT exactly what i saw, i just reproduced this from memory) 23730 rl_inst 20 0 44516 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.17 python2.4 23731 rl_inst 20 0 44616 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:03.17 python2.4 23732 rl_inst 20 0 44116 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:01.17 python2.4 23733 rl_inst 20 0 44826 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:04.17 python2.4 23734 rl_inst 20 0 44216 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:02.17 python2.4 23735 rl_inst 20 0 44416 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:01.17 python2.4 I opened the trac site again and that changed to this: 23730 rl_inst 20 0 44516 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.17 python2.4 23731 rl_inst 20 0 44616 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:03.17 python2.4 23732 rl_inst 20 0 44116 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:01.17 python2.4 23733 rl_inst 20 0 44826 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:04.17 python2.4 23734 rl_inst 20 0 44216 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:02.17 python2.4 23735 rl_inst 20 0 44416 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:01.17 python2.4 28378 rl_inst 20 0 2608 1208 1008 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 dispatch.fcgi 28382 rl_inst 20 0 44248 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:02.19 python2.4 So the dispatch.fcgi was being called correctly and was spawning correctly other python2.4 process. After the IDLE time passed this is the results: 23730 rl_inst 20 0 44516 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.17 python2.4 23731 rl_inst 20 0 44616 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:03.17 python2.4 23732 rl_inst 20 0 44116 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:01.17 python2.4 23733 rl_inst 20 0 44826 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:04.17 python2.4 23734 rl_inst 20 0 44216 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:02.17 python2.4 23735 rl_inst 20 0 44416 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:01.17 python2.4 28382 rl_inst 20 0 44248 15m 4012 S 0.0 0.4 0:02.19 python2.4 dispatch.fcgi was gone but the corresponding python2.4 was still there o_O. I had started with 5 sleeping processes of python and after idle time i ended up with 6. I repeated this and found that it kept spawning more and more python2.4, this was indeed what was causing my 500s indirectly. Let me explain my findings. Am on a shared hosting so my processes get killed if they are way too many. So everytime i opened trac 2 new processes spawned and one remained, to the point that dreamhost was killing a random process when i reached my limit. Sometimes killing the python2.4 that actually was rendering the current page. Hence header premature ending, python is gone the .fcgi doesnt know what to do and throws an 500. I found a dirty solution to this. I changed my dispatch.fcgi to contain a line that killed any currently running python2.4 process and then spawn a new one. Since then i dont get any rogues what so ever. But i dont think this is the best solution, calling killall in every fcgi just seems wrong. Anyone has run into this issue and found a cleaner solution? Is there anything that i have overlooked?

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• How to set up Mod_WSGI for Python on Ubuntu

  - by AutomatedTester

  Hi, I am trying to setup MOD_WSGI on my Ubuntu box. I have found steps that said I needed to do the following steps I found at http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=833766 sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-wsgi sudo a2enmod mod-wsgi sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart sudo gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/default and update the Directory <Directory /var/www/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews ExecCGI AddHandler cgi-script .cgi AddHandler wsgi-script .wsgi AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart Created test.wsgi with def application(environ, start_response): status = '200 OK' output = 'Hello World!' response_headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain'), ('Content-Length', str(len(output)))] start_response(status, response_headers) return [output] Step 2 fails because it says it can't find mod-wsgi even though the apt-get found it. If I carry on with the steps the python app just shows as plain text in a browser. Any ideas what I have done wrong? EDIT: Results for questions asked automatedtester@ubuntu:~$ dpkg -l libapache2-mod-wsgi Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Cfg-files/Unpacked/Failed-cfg/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Description +++-======================================-======================================-============================================================================================ ii libapache2-mod-wsgi 2.5-1 Python WSGI adapter module for Apache automatedtester@ubuntu:~$ dpkg -s libapache2-mod-wsgi Package: libapache2-mod-wsgi Status: install ok installed Priority: optional Section: python Installed-Size: 376 Maintainer: Ubuntu MOTU Developers <[email protected]> Architecture: i386 Source: mod-wsgi Version: 2.5-1 Depends: apache2, apache2.2-common, libc6 (>= 2.4), libpython2.6 (>= 2.6), python (>= 2.5), python (<< 2.7) Suggests: apache2-mpm-worker | apache2-mpm-event Conffiles: /etc/apache2/mods-available/wsgi.load 06d2b4d2c95b28720f324bd650b7cbd6 /etc/apache2/mods-available/wsgi.conf 408487581dfe024e8475d2fbf993a15c Description: Python WSGI adapter module for Apache The mod_wsgi adapter is an Apache module that provides a WSGI (Web Server Gateway Interface, a standard interface between web server software and web applications written in Python) compliant interface for hosting Python based web applications within Apache. The adapter provides significantly better performance than using existing WSGI adapters for mod_python or CGI. Original-Maintainer: Debian Python Modules Team <[email protected]> Homepage: http://www.modwsgi.org/ automatedtester@ubuntu:~$ sudo a2enmod libapache2-mod-wsgi ERROR: Module libapache2-mod-wsgi does not exist! automatedtester@ubuntu:~$ sudo a2enmod mod-wsgi ERROR: Module mod-wsgi does not exist! FURTHER EDIT FOR RMYates automatedtester@ubuntu:~$ apache2ctl -t -D DUMP_MODULES apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName Loaded Modules: core_module (static) log_config_module (static) logio_module (static) mpm_worker_module (static) http_module (static) so_module (static) alias_module (shared) auth_basic_module (shared) authn_file_module (shared) authz_default_module (shared) authz_groupfile_module (shared) authz_host_module (shared) authz_user_module (shared) autoindex_module (shared) cgid_module (shared) deflate_module (shared) dir_module (shared) env_module (shared) mime_module (shared) negotiation_module (shared) python_module (shared) setenvif_module (shared) status_module (shared) Syntax OK automatedtester@ubuntu:~$

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• Which key:value store to use with Python?

  - by Kurt

  So I'm looking at various key:value (where value is either strictly a single value or possibly an object) stores for use with Python, and have found a few promising ones. I have no specific requirement as of yet because I am in the evaluation phase. I'm looking for what's good, what's bad, what are the corner cases these things handle well or don't, etc. I'm sure some of you have already tried them out so I'd love to hear your findings/problems/etc. on the various key:value stores with Python. I'm looking primarily at: memcached - http://www.danga.com/memcached/ python clients: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-memcached/1.40 http://www.tummy.com/Community/software/python-memcached/ CouchDB - http://couchdb.apache.org/ python clients: http://code.google.com/p/couchdb-python/ Tokyo Tyrant - http://1978th.net/tokyotyrant/ python clients: http://code.google.com/p/pytyrant/ Lightcloud - http://opensource.plurk.com/LightCloud/ Based on Tokyo Tyrant, written in Python Redis - http://code.google.com/p/redis/ python clients: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/txredis/0.1.1 MemcacheDB - http://memcachedb.org/ So I started benchmarking (simply inserting keys and reading them) using a simple count to generate numeric keys and a value of "A short string of text": memcached: CentOS 5.3/python-2.4.3-24.el5_3.6, libevent 1.4.12-stable, memcached 1.4.2 with default settings, 1 gig memory, 14,000 inserts per second, 16,000 seconds to read. No real optimization, nice. memcachedb claims on the order of 17,000 to 23,000 inserts per second, 44,000 to 64,000 reads per second. I'm also wondering how the others stack up speed wise.

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• Django 1.4.1 error loading MySQLdb module when attempting 'python manage.py shell'

  - by Paul

  I am trying to set up MySQL, and can't seem to be able to enter the Django manage.py shell interpreter. Getting the output below: rrdhcp-10-32-44-126:django pavelfage$ python manage.py shell Traceback (most recent call last): File "manage.py", line 10, in <module> execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 443, in execute_from_command_line utility.execute() File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 382, in execute self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 196, in run_from_argv self.execute(*args, **options.__dict__) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 232, in execute output = self.handle(*args, **options) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 371, in handle return self.handle_noargs(**options) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/shell.py", line 45, in handle_noargs from django.db.models.loading import get_models File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 40, in <module> backend = load_backend(connection.settings_dict['ENGINE']) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 34, in __getattr__ return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 92, in __getitem__ backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE']) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 24, in load_backend return import_module('.base', backend_name) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/importlib.py", line 35, in import_module __import__(name) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 16, in <module> raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading MySQLdb module: %s" % e) django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named _mysql Any suggestions really appreciated.

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• When I try to run vim in command line I get Python errors

  - by Eduan

  When I try running vim in the Terminal (so as to follow @romainl's suggestion in my other question) I get lots of Python errors, which all boil down to: IOError: invalid Python installation: unable to open /usr/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h (No such file or directory) Why is this? I can use Python or Sublime Text even, without any problems. The full list of errors is the following: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site.py", line 565, in <module> File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site.py", line 547, in main File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site.py", line 278, in addusersitepackages File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site.py", line 253, in getusersitepackages File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site.py", line 243, in getuserbase File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/sysconfig.py", line 523, in get_config_var File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/sysconfig.py", line 419, in get_config_vars File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/sysconfig.py", line 298, in _init_posix IOError: invalid Python installation: unable to open /usr/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h (No such file or directory) Extra info: I am on Mac OS X Mountain Lion (OS 10.8) EDIT: I tried @BobDunakey idea with no success, the idea was to use sudo. I still get the same errors. EDIT 2: I was able to solve the problem thanks to Zirak's solution, which is the following: http://clearfix.be/2012/08/05/fix-mountain-lion-10-8-python-ioerror-pyconfig-h-error/

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• What's the next steps for moving from appengine to full django?

  - by tomcritchlow

  Hey guys, I'm super new to programming and I've been using appengine to help me learn python and general coding. I'm getting better quickly and I'm loving it all the way :) Appengine was awesome for allowing me to just dive into writing my app and getting something live that works (see http://www.7bks.com/). But I'm realising that the longer I continue to learn on appengine the more I'm constraining myself and locking myself into a single system. I'd like to move to developing on full django (since django looks super cool!). What are my next steps? To give you a feel for my level of knowledge: I'm not a unix user I'm not familiar with command line controls (I still use appengine/python completely via the appengine SDK) I've never programmed in anything other than python, anywhere other than appengine I know the word SQL, but don't know what MySQL is really or how to use it. So, specifically: What are the skills I need to learn to get up and running with full django/python? If I'm going to host somewhere else I suppose I'll need to learn some sysadmin type skills (maybe even unix?). Is there anywhere that offers easy hosting (like appengine) but that supports django? I hear such great things about heroku I'm considering switching to RoR and going there I appreciate that I'm likely not quite ready to move away from appengine just yet but I'm a fiercely passionate learner (http://www.7bks.com/blog/179001) and would love it if I knew all the steps I needed to learn so I could set about learning them. At the moment, I don't even know what the steps are I need to learn! Thank you very much. Sorry this isn't a specific programming question but I've looked around and haven't found a good how-to for someone of my level of experience and I think others would appreciate a good roadmap for the things we need to learn to get up and running. Thanks, Tom PS - if anyone is in London and fancies showing me the ropes in person that would be super awesome :)

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• Is there a python openid apps-discovery library to get appengine apps onto the apps marketplace

  - by molicule

  I'm looking for info on howto get a google appengine app onto the newly announced google apps marketplace. The page at http://code.google.com/googleapps/marketplace/sso.html does not have a python openid apps-discovery library which seems to be the stumbling block. Has anyone ported an appengine app to the marketplace? or know of the existence of a python openid apps-discovery library? or have a timeline on this? updated: please see comment re: standard python openid library vs library that supports "apps-discovery" updated: apparently it is not currently possible, however it will be soon see http://www.google.com/support/forum/p/apps-apis/thread?tid=52e36f012c2436c3&hl=en

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• MySQL to AppEngine

  - by Daniel Naito

  Hi Nick! How are you? I'm from Brazil and study at FATEC (college located in Brazil). I'm trying to learn about AppEngine. Now, I'm trying to load a large database from MySQL to AppEngine to perform some queries, but I don't know how i can do it. I did some testing with CSV files,but is there any way to perform the direct import from MySQL? This database is from Pentaho BI Server (www.pentaho.com). Thank you for your attention. Regards, Daniel Naito

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• Using Google AppEngine app as a OAuth provider

  - by Alistair

  Hi, I'm using the Google AppEngine 1.3.4 SDK which offers to allow your application to act as a OAuth service provider (http://code.google.com/appengine/docs/python/oauth/). Setting up a standard application on my localhost and using the following: Request URL /_ah/OAuthGetRequestToken Authorize URL /_ah/OAuthAuthorizeToken Access Token URL /_ah/OAuthGetAccessToken The client application just gets sent to a page requesting to grant OAuth access even though no user is logged in. Clicking 'Grant access' results in a message saying 'OAuth access granted' with no tokens or anything exchange. Can't see how this could work when it's not even prompting for a login. As this functionality is quite new I can't find much out there. I've created a OAuth provider before in Rails and know that you need a Consumer Key and Secret, something that seems to be lacking in GAE? Any ideas on how to get OAuth working in a sample GAE project are most welcome.

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• setting permissions of python module (python setup install)

  - by SetJmp

  I am configuring a distutils-based setup.py for a python module that is to be installed on a heterogeneous set of resources. Due to the heterogeneity, the location where the module is installed is not the same on each host however disutils picks the host-specific location. I find that the module is installed without o+rx permissions using disutils (in spite of setting umask ahead of running setup.py). One solution is to manually correct this problem, however I would like an automated means that works on heterogeneous install targets. For example, is there a way to extract the ending location of the installation from within setup.py? Any other suggestions? Thanks! SetJmp

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• Does Google appengine cache external requests?

  - by Andy Hume

  I have a very simple application running on appengine that requests a web page every five minutes and parses for a specific piece of data. Everything works fine except that the response I get back from the external request (using urllib2) doesn't reflect the latest changes to the page. Sometimes it takes a few minutes to get the latest, sometimes over an hour. Is there a transparent layer of caching that appengine puts in place? Or is there something else I am missing here? I've looked at the caching headers of the requested page and there is no Expires or LastModified's sent. Update: Sometimes, it will get the new version of the page for a number of requests and then randomly later get an old out of date version.

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• AppEngine GeoPt Data Upload

  - by Eric Landry

  I'm writing a GAE app in Java and only using Python for the data upload. I'm trying to import a CSV file that looks like this: POSTAL_CODE_ID,PostalCode,City,Province,ProvinceCode,CityType,Latitude,Longitude 1,A0E2Z0,Monkstown,Newfoundland,NL,D,47.150300000000001,-55.299500000000002 I was able to import this file in my datastore if I import Latitude and Longitude as floats, but I'm having trouble figuring out how to import lat and lng as a GeoPt. Here is my loader.py file: import datetime from google.appengine.ext import db from google.appengine.tools import bulkloader class PostalCode(db.Model): id = db.IntegerProperty() postal_code = db.PostalAddressProperty() city = db.StringProperty() province = db.StringProperty() province_code = db.StringProperty() city_type = db.StringProperty() lat = db.FloatProperty() lng = db.FloatProperty() class PostalCodeLoader(bulkloader.Loader): def __init__(self): bulkloader.Loader.__init__(self, 'PostalCode', [('id', int), ('postal_code', str), ('city', str), ('province', str), ('province_code', str), ('city_type', str), ('lat', float), ('lng', float) ]) loaders = [PostalCodeLoader] I think that the two db.FloatProperty() lines should be replaced with a db.GeoPtProperty(), but that's where my trail ends. I'm very new to Python so any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Unable to set background image using python (2.7.3), bash and gnome3

  - by malon

  #!/usr/bin/env python import os bashCommand = "gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri file:///home/malon/autowallpaperchanger/" + pic_name print bashCommand os.system(bashCommand) Print result: gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri file:///home/malon/autowallpaperchanger/wallpaper-1252048.jpg Copying and pasting the print result into a terminal makes the change successfully, so the command is correct, but os.system isn't processing the request correctly for some reason. In the full script (posted below), I use os.system for a different reason immediately before (wget) and that works fine. Thank you! Full script: http://pastebin.com/R90GTmBZ

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• Python and only Python for almost any programming tasks!

  - by Wassim

  Am I wrong if I think that Python is all I need to master, in order to solve most of the common programming tasks? EDIT I'm not OK with learning new programming languages if they don't teach me new concepts of programming and problem solving; hence the idea behind mastering a modern, fast evolving, with a rich set of class libraries, widely used and documented, and of course has a "friendly" learning curve programming language. I think that in the fast evolving tech industry, specialization is key to success.

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• Pygame Import Error, Python 3.2

  - by Treb Nicholas

  I'm having an issue with the Pygame module. I run Python 3.2 and installed the respective Pygame file, but now when I try to import it in the IDLE, it gives me this error: import pygame Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in import pygame File "C:\Python32\lib\site-packages\pygame__init__.py", line 95, in from pygame.base import * ImportError: DLL load failed: %1 is not a valid Win32 application. Any help will be appreciated.

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• Need help understanding a recursion example in Python

  - by Ali Mustafa

  Python is my first programming language, and I'm learning it from "How to Think Like a Computer Scientist". In Chapter 5 the author gives the following example on recursion: def factorial(n): if n == 0: return 1 else: recurse = factorial(n-1) result = n * recurse return result I understand that if n = 3, then the function will execute the second branch. But what I don't understand is what happens when the function enters the second branch. Can someone explain it to me?

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• Fix Nautilus URIs in a Python script

  - by Pablo

  I have a very basic Python script I wrote mostly for learning purposes. It opens a terminal in the current folder. However, I can't get it to work in folders with accented characters in the URI (e.g.: /home/pablo/Vídeos or /home/pablo/Área de Trabalho), because it looks like Nautilus URIs are encoded to those %{number} values. Is there a way to convert these URIs to normalized URIs without having to translate every possible accented value by hand? Thanks in advance!

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• Pidgin script with Python/ Get Focus Signal

  - by Mr Alles

  I am creating a script in Python to integrate Pidgin with Unity (12.04), I've managed to do the counting notifications system using the Launcher API. But I dont know what event or signal is activated when the conversation window gains focus (To clear the message counter). I've tried some of the signals available on the documentation of Pidgin but none of them worked. Is there any GTK(or anything) event that is triggered when the window chat gets focus?

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