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• Execute function without sending 'self' to it

  - by Sergey

  Is that possible to define a function without referencing to self this way? def myfunc(var_a,var_b) But so that it could also get sender data, like if I defined it like this: def myfunc(self, var_a,var_b) That self is always the same so it looks a little redundant here always to run a function this way: myfunc(self,'data_a','data_b'). Then I would like to get its data in the function like this sender.fields. UPDATE: Here is some code to understand better what I mean. The class below is used to show a page based on Jinja2 templates engine for users to sign up. class SignupHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self, *args, **kwargs): utils.render_template(self, 'signup.html') And this code below is a render_template that I created as wrapper to Jinja2 functions to use it more conveniently in my project: def render_template(response, template_name, vars=dict(), is_string=False): template_dirs = [os.path.join(root(), 'templates')] logging.info(template_dirs[0]) env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader(template_dirs)) try: template = env.get_template(template_name) except TemplateNotFound: raise TemplateNotFound(template_name) content = template.render(vars) if is_string: return content else: response.response.out.write(content) As I use this function render_template very often in my project and usually the same way, just with different template files, I wondered if there was a way to get rid of having to call it like I do it now, with self as the first argument but still having access to that object.

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• singledispatch in class, how to dispatch self type

  - by yanxinyou

  Using python3.4. Here I want use singledispatch to dispatch different type in __mul__ method . The code like this : class Vector(object): ## some code not paste @functools.singledispatch def __mul__(self, other): raise NotImplementedError("can't mul these type") @__mul__.register(int) @__mul__.register(object) # Becasue can't use Vector , I have to use object def _(self, other): result = Vector(len(self)) # start with vector of zeros for j in range(len(self)): result[j] = self[j]*other return result @__mul__.register(Vector) # how can I use the self't type @__mul__.register(object) # def _(self, other): pass # need impl As you can see the code , I want support Vector*Vertor , This has Name error Traceback (most recent call last): File "p_algorithms\vector.py", line 6, in <module> class Vector(object): File "p_algorithms\vector.py", line 84, in Vector @__mul__.register(Vector) # how can I use the self't type NameError: name 'Vector' is not defined The question may be How Can I use class Name a Type in the class's method ? I know c++ have font class statement . How python solve my problem ? And it is strange to see result = Vector(len(self)) where the Vector can be used in method body .

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• Force an indent in Python code for organizational purposes

  - by Vine

  Is there a way to force an indent in Python? I kind of want it for the sake of making the code look organized. As an example: # How it looks now class Bro: def __init__(self): self.head = 1 self.head.eye = 2 self.head.nose = 1 self.head.mouth = 1 self.neck = 1 self.torso = 1 # How it'd look ideally (indenting sub-variables of 'head') class Bro: def __init__(self): self.head = 1 self.head.eye = 2 self.head.nose = 1 self.head.mouth = 1 self.neck = 1 self.torso = 1 I imagine this is possible with some sort of workaround, yeah?

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• class, dict, self, init, args ?

  - by kame

  class attrdict(dict): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): dict.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) self.__dict__ = self a = attrdict(x=1, y=2) print a.x, a.y b = attrdict() b.x, b.y = 1, 2 print b.x, b.y Could somebody explain the first four lines in words? I read about classes and methods. But here it seems very confusing.

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• Ubuntu 14.04 disk utility SMART self-test failed threshold not exceeded

  - by user2323470

  I'm using the "Disks" program in Ubuntu 14.04 (live DVD) to assess the health of a drive I suspect is failing. However, when I first opened the program, it showed that the overall health was OK and all assessments are OK as well. I then tried to run a short self-test, but now the overall assessment shows a red "SELF-TEST FAILED". In the details section it says "Last self-test failed (read)" and "threshold not exceeded". All individual assessments are still OK though!! What I don't understand is, does that mean that the test executed and determined that the drive is a goner, or does it mean that the test didn't actually execute properly?

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• HTTPS with Self-Signed Certificate Issues... Solution or better way?

  - by stormin986

  All I need to do is download some basic text-based and image files from a web server that has a self-signed SSL certificate. I have been trying to figure out how to use HttpClient to do this, but getting the SSL to work is a nightmare that seems to be way too much trouble for such a simple task. Is there a better way to perform these file downloads? Perhaps through a WebView or Browser feature? Reinventing the wheel of making a simple HTTPS GET request is a major pain, and is significantly holding up my development schedule. ** Updated title to more accurately reflect question / solution **

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• self.window.rootViewController vs window addSubview

  - by Gazzer

  I've noticed a lot of examples for iPhone apps in the Application Delegate - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application have [window addSubview: someController.view]; (1) as opposed to self.window.rootViewController = self.someController; (2) Is there any practical reason to use one over the other? Is one technically correct? Do controller's have the an equivalent command to number (2) like self.someController.rootController = self.someOtherController; // pseudocode

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• How to use a self-signed SSL certificate when developing with Trigger.io?

  - by user610345

  Our backend is in rails, and for several reasons the development environment has to be run with rails using a self-signed SSL certificate. This works fine on the desktop after manually trusting the certificate. Using Trigger.io, we're developing a mobile application targeting iOS from the same backend. It would be ideal for us to be able to run the rails server with SSL (so we can compare the browser output) and still have the iOS simulator connect properly without complaining about invalid certs. Production is using a proper ssl-cert, but what's the best way to set up the simulator?

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• python 3 self class dict

  - by Jjang

  I am trying to create my own class of dictionary in python 3 which has a field of dict variable and setitem and getitem methods. Though, it doesnt work for some reason. Tried to look around but couldn't find the answer. class myDictionary: def __init(self): self.myDic={} def __setitem__(self, key, value): self.myDic[key]=value I'm getting: 'myDictionary' object has no attribute 'myDic' Any ideas? :)

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• Exklusiv für Oracle Academy-Teilnehmer und nur bis 15. Juli 2011: bis zu 68% Preisnachlass auf Self-Study-Kurse

  - by bwolf

  Kennen Sie schon unsere Oracle University-Produkte zum eigenständigen Lernen? Oracle University bieten Ihnen eine große Auswahl von individuellen Kursen verfügbar als Self-Study CDs an. Diese Kurse sind zu 100 % angelehnt an unsere Klassenraumkurse oder beinhalten spezifische und individuelle Schwerpunkte. Die CDs der Oracle University werden jederzeit auf den neuesten IT Standards konzipiert und sind genau auf die Bedürfnisse unserer Kunden zugeschnitten. Ihre Vorteile:  Durch unser einmaliges Angebot der Self-Study CDs können Sie...: ...Ihr bereits vorhandenes Wissen vertiefen oder erweitern ...als individuelles Nachschlagewerk Ihr Know-How immer auf dem neusten Stand halten ...unsere Self-Study CDs unbegrenzt zeitlich nutzen ...jederzeit die Inhalte nochmal nachschlagen und vertiefen ...neue Mitarbeiter einfach einarbeiten ...Reisekosten zu 100% vermeiden ...und können jederzeit zeitlich flexibel sein. Folgende attraktive Preiskonditionen bieten wir exklusiv nur für Oracle Academy-Teilnehmer an. Sie erhalten schon ab der  1. Self-Study CD 58 % Preisnachlass Sie erhalten ab der 11. Self-Study CD 63 % PreisnachlassS Sie erhalten ab der 21. Self-Study CD 68 % PreisnachlassS So erhalten Sie z.B. unseren Self-Study-Kurs Fundamentals of the Java Programming Language, Java SE 6, schon für 218,82 € zzgl. MwSt Die komplette Liste verfügbarer Self-Study-Kurse finden Sie hier Wichtig: Das Angebot ist nur bis zum 15. Juli 2011 gültig! Da das Angebot NICHT bei Online-Buchungen gilt, kontaktieren Sie bitte unsere Kollegin Nele Mletschkowsky (Tel. kostenfrei 0800-1862336).

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• Business person turned into coder? How and why? Inspire the non-technical.

  - by huisjames

  I graduated with a Business degree. Two years later, I finally realized the power of programming - the power to "invent." I wish I realized this in high school. Nevertheless, I tried to self-teach C# but found it difficult. Then I pivoted to learn PHP two months ago and I have been able to build things I thought was beyond my abilities. Has anyone had the same experience? Or self-taught programming? What lessons did you learn?

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• Where to train while earning to be a Web Programmer

  - by user3295525

  Good day everyone. I'm a fresh graduate of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and I really love coding in web. But my skills are not that high that's why I want to train while earning in a company but there are so few companies that offer it here. Web Programming is a passion for me and i really love it that's why i want to enhance my skills for my self and for the benefit of the company that will hire me. Do you have any suggestions or recommendations that I can use because I really need a mentor cause my self studying is in limit now. Good day everyone and God bless. P.S. I really love web programming.

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• Qwidget window disappears [migrated]

  - by user3716006

  Okay... This has been bugging me for hours. I have a qtmainwindow with a menubar. I've managed to connect an action in tje menubar to an independent Qwidget. But as soon as the Qwidget appears it disappears. I'm using the latest version of pyqt. Here's the code: Import sys from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore Class Main(QtGui.QtMainWindow) : def __init__(self) : QtGui.QtMainWindow.__init__(self) self.setGeometry(300,300,240,320) self.show() menubar = self. menuBar() filemenu = menubar. addMenu('&File') new = QtGui.QAction(QtGui.QIcon('new.png'), 'New', self) new.triggered.connect(self.pop) filemenu.addAction(new) def pop(self) : pop = Pop() class Pop(QtGui.QWidget) : def __init__(self) : QtGui.QWidget.__init__(self) self.setGeometry(300,300,240,320> self.setWindowTitle('Pop up') self.show()

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• What should a self-taught programmer with no degree learn/read?

  - by sjbotha

  I am a self-taught programmer and I do do not have any degrees. I started pretty young and I've got about 7 years of actual programming work experience. I believe I'm a pretty good programmer, but I admit that I have not played much with algorithms or delved into any really low-level aspects of programming such as how compilers work. I have worked with other programmers with and without degrees. Some were good and some not; having a degree didn't seem to make any difference as to which pot they fell into. Since then I've come to realize that it does depend on the school where the degree is obtained. Some people suggest that you really should get a degree; that there are things you'll learn in the process that you won't learn in the real world. Of course there is personal growth and discipline learned from completing a task of that magnitude, but let's just concentrate on the technical knowledge. What would I have been taught in a GOOD CS course that would aid me today and what can I read to fill the gap? I've heard the book "Algorithms" mentioned and I plan on reading that. What other books would you recommend? Edit: Clarification on 'actual work experience': Have worked for 2 small companies on teams with fewer than 5 people. About 2 years experience with Perl, Python, PHP, C, C++. About 5 years experience in Java, Applets, RMI, T-SQL, PL/SQL, VB6. 7 years experience in HTML, Javascript, bash, SQL. Most recently in Java designed and helped build an N-tier Java app with web frontend and RMI.

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• EF 4 Self Tracking Entities does not work as expected.

  - by ashraf

  I am using EF4 Self Tracking Entities (VS2010 Beta 2 CTP 2 plus new T4 generator). But when I try to update entity information it does not update to database as expected. I setup 2 service calls. one for GetResource(int id) which return a resource object. the second call is SaveResource(Resource res); here is the code. public Resource GetResource(int id) { using (var dc = new MyEntities()) { return dc.Resources.Where(d => d.ResourceId == id).SingleOrDefault(); } } public void SaveResource(Resource res) { using (var dc = new MyEntities()) { dc.Resources.ApplyChanges(res); dc.SaveChanges(); // Nothing save to database. } } //Windows Console Client Calls var res = service.GetResource(1); res.Description = "New Change"; // Not updating... service.SaveResource(res); // does not change anything. It seems to me that ChangeTracker.State is always show as "Unchanged". anything wrong in this code?

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• Where can a self-teacher learn general good programming habits and conventions?

  - by lucid

  A few mistakes and general childishness in early adulthood have left me in a situation where I work a menial job, with no possibility (in the near future) of attending school. I aspire to one day work in the programming field (gaming specifically), after proving myself on the indie end of things. I've gotten very confident in C++, java, and python, and I find I'm able to solve any problem I want either from previous experience, or from scouring the web for help. The solutions work, and with each attempt they become more readable, maintainable, and extensible. But this is because I'm learning from mistakes and bad programming and design habits I feel I might have avoided with actual schooling. General tips like: "if it's hard to read or getting long, or you're writing it twice, it should be in one or more functions." or "design all your classes before you start coding, so you don't have to rewrite classes later when you discover an unforeseen dependency" Is there a good book or website for learning general good programming practices and design habits? Also, naming and format conventions. I realize sometimes development houses have their own conventions, but things like "Classes in python usually have the first letter of each word capitalized". I'd like to be able to show some source code to a potential employer, and be prepared when for what's expected on a team. Is there some central database of naming and formatting conventions somewhere? Also, feel free to give any thoughts on whether or not the self-teach, garner some indie sales, use them as your resume' route is realistic

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• JSP/Struts2/Hibernate: loop through a self-referencing table.

  - by TBW

  Hello everyone, Let's say we have a self-referencing table called PERSON, with the following columns: ID, PARENT, where PARENT is a foreign key to the ID column of another element in the PERSON table. Of course, many persons can have the same parent. I use Hibernate 3 in lazy fetching mode to deal with the database. Hibernate fetches a person element from the database, which is then put in the ValueStack by the Struts2 action, to be used on the result JSP page. Now the question is : In JSP, how can I do to display all the child (and the child's child, and so on, like a family tree) of this person element? Of course, for the n+1 children I can use the < s:iterator tag over the person.person. I can also nest another < s:iterator tag over person.person.person to get the n+2 children. But what if I want to do this in an automated manner, up to the last n+p child, displaying in the process all the children of all the n+1..n+p elements? I hope I have been clear enough. Thank you all for your time. -- TBW.

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• [Gray Hat Python] Simple debugger, want work ??

  - by Rami Jarrar

  hi, i'm reading the Gray Hat Python,, i reach for this :: class debugger(): def __init__(self): self.h_process = None self.pid = None self.debugger_active = False def load(self,path_to_exe): creation_flags = DEBUG_PROCESS startupinfo = STARTUPINFO() process_information = PROCESS_INFORMATION() startupinfo.dwFlags = 0x1 startupinfo.wShowWindows = 0x0 startupinfo.cb = sizeof(startupinfo) if kernel32.CreateProcessA(path_to_exe, None, None, None, None, creation_flags, None, None, byref(startupinfo), byref(process_information)): print "[*] We have successfully launched the process!" print "[*] PID: %d"%(process_information.dwProcessId) self.h_process = self.open_process(process_information.dwProcessId) else: print "[*] Error: 0x%08x."%(kernel32.GetLastError()) def open_process(self,pid): h_process = self.open_process(pid) if kernel32.DebugActiveProcess(pid): self.debugger_active = True self.pid = int(pid) self.run() else: print "[*] Unable to attach to the process." def run(self): while self.debugger_active == True: self.get_debug_event() def get_debug_event(self): debug_event = DEBUG_EVENT() continue_status = DBG_CONTINUE if kernel32.WaitForDebugEvent(byref(debug_event), INFINITE): raw_input("Press a Key to continue...") self.debugger_active = False kernel32.ContinueDebugEvent( \ debug_event.dwProcessId, \ debug_event.dwThreadId, \ continue_status ) def detach(self): if kernel32.DebugActiveProcessStop(self.pid): print "[*] Finished debugging. Exiting..." return True else: print "There was an error" return False when run my_test.py :: import my_dbg debugger = my_dbg.debugger() pid = raw_input('Enter the PID of the process to attach to: ') debugger.open_process(int(pid)) debugger.detach() i get this error :: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:/Python26/dbgpy/my_test.py", line 5, in <module> debugger.attach(int(pid)) File "C:/Python26/dbgpy\my_dbg.py", line 37, in attach h_process = self.attach(pid) ........... ........... ........... File "C:/Python26/dbgpy\my_dbg.py", line 37, in attach h_process = self.attach(pid) File "C:/Python26/dbgpy\my_dbg.py", line 37, in attach h_process = self.attach(pid) RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded its because the loop and something else, but what it is ?? I'm running on Windows using Python2.6.4.. :) Update:: i remove h_process = self.open_process(pid), but i get the same error for the next instruction if kernel32.DebugActiveProcess(pid) , so the problem i think in the loop while,, but what it is ???

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• self.navigationController is nil after adding subview

  - by Nnp

  here is my productscontroller.h ProductListViewController *productListViewController; ProductGridViewController *productGridViewController; UIButton *flipIndicatorButton; and i am adding list and gridview as a subview like this in my implementation ProductListViewController *listController = [[ProductListViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"ProductListView" bundle:nil]; self.productListViewController = listController; self.productListViewController.CurrentSale = CurrentSale; [self.view insertSubview:listController.view atIndex:0]; but in when i tried to push detailview controller from ProductListViewController.m like this ProductDetailViewController *productDetailViewController = [[ProductDetailViewController alloc] init]; productDetailViewController.productIndexPath = indexPath; [self.navigationController pushViewController:productDetailViewController animated:YES]; it just does not work, then i check [self.navigationController] , it was nil, now how to deal with this problem. i am ready to give some more code and detail to make more clear. thanks

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• Why does installing Grub2 give an "ISO9660: filesystem destruction..." warning?

  - by Ettore

  I have installed Ubuntu 12.04 on my computer, but at the end of the installation it gave me an error and it didn't install grub2. Now I'm trying to install it using the live cd: This is my sudo fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x6af447e6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 781459455 390728704 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 781459456 789272575 3906560 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 789272576 976773119 93750272 83 Linux After mounting and chroot the linux partiton, I give grub-install /dev/sda command, and I get: /usr/sbin/grub-setup: error: hd0 appears to contain a iso9660 filesystem which isn't known to reserve space for DOS-style boot. Installing GRUB there could result in FILESYSTEM DESTRUCTION if valuable data is overwritten by grub-setup (--skip-fs-probe disables this check, use at your own risk). (same error even with grub-install --recheck /dev/sda) What can I do? I also tried boot-repair, but I get this error: http://paste.ubuntu.com/1069353/

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• Trying to use the 7-zip self extracting archive GUI and it fails [closed]

  - by djangofan

  Trying to use the 7-zip self extracting archive GUI and it fails. When I try to create a "Self Extracting Installer" option, at the end of the install it runs my batch file and it appears to be extracting all the files just before it does that, but after extraction, the files are nowhere to be found (except within the .7z archive). Any idea on why this occurs? https://code.google.com/p/sfx-creator/

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• How do I compile a Wikipedia lens and install?

  - by user49523

  I read a tutorial about how to compile and install a Wikipedia lens, but it didn't work. The tutorial sounds easy - i just copied and pasted to the file that was suppose to edit. I have tried some times and here are 2 edits edit 1: import logging import optparse import gettext from gettext import gettext as _ gettext.textdomain('wikipedia') from singlet.lens import SingleScopeLens, IconViewCategory, ListViewCategory from wikipedia import wikipediaconfig import urllib2 import simplejson class WikipediaLens(SingleScopeLens): wiki = "http://en.wikipedia.org" def wikipedia_query(self,search): try: search = search.replace(" ", "|") url = ("%s/w/api.php?action=opensearch&limit=25&format=json&search=%s" % (self.wiki, search)) results = simplejson.loads(urllib2.urlopen(url).read()) print "Searching Wikipedia" return results[1] except (IOError, KeyError, urllib2.URLError, urllib2.HTTPError, simplejson.JSONDecodeError): print "Error : Unable to search Wikipedia" return [] class Meta: name = 'Wikipedia' description = 'Wikipedia Lens' search_hint = 'Search Wikipedia' icon = 'wikipedia.svg' search_on_blank=True # TODO: Add your categories articles_category = ListViewCategory("Articles", "dialog-information-symbolic") def search(self, search, results): for article in self.wikipedia_query(search): results.append("%s/wiki/%s" % (self.wiki, article), "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png", self.articles_category, "text/html", article, "Wikipedia Article", "%s/wiki/%s" % (self.wiki, article)) pass edit 2: import urllib2 import simplejson import logging import optparse import gettext from gettext import gettext as _ gettext.textdomain('wikipediaa') from singlet.lens import SingleScopeLens, IconViewCategory, ListViewCategory from wikipediaa import wikipediaaconfig class WikipediaaLens(SingleScopeLens): wiki = "http://en.wikipedia.org" def wikipedia_query(self,search): try: search = search.replace(" ", "|") url = ("%s/w/api.php?action=opensearch&limit=25&format=json&search=%s" % (self.wiki, search)) results = simplejson.loads(urllib2.urlopen(url).read()) print "Searching Wikipedia" return results[1] except (IOError, KeyError, urllib2.URLError, urllib2.HTTPError, simplejson.JSONDecodeError): print "Error : Unable to search Wikipedia" return [] def search(self, search, results): for article in self.wikipedia_query(search): results.append("%s/wiki/%s" % (self.wiki, article), "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png", self.articles_category, "text/html", article, "Wikipedia Article", "%s/wiki/%s" % (self.wiki, article)) pass class Meta: name = 'Wikipedia' description = 'Wikipedia Lens' search_hint = 'Search Wikipedia' icon = 'wikipedia.svg' search_on_blank=True # TODO: Add your categories articles_category = ListViewCategory("Articles", "dialog-information-symbolic") def search(self, search, results): # TODO: Add your search results results.append('https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Unity/Lenses/Singlet', 'ubuntu-logo', self.example_category, "text/html", 'Learn More', 'Find out how to write your Unity Lens', 'https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Unity/Lenses/Singlet') pass so .. what can i change in the edit ? (if anybody give me the entire edit file edited i will appreciate)

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• Why do I get a segmentation fault while redirecting sys.stdout to Tkinter.Text widget in Python?

  - by Brent Nash

  I'm in the process of building a GUI-based application with Python/Tkinter that builds on top of the existing Python bdb module. In this application, I want to silence all stdout/stderr from the console and redirect it to my GUI. To accomplish this purpose, I've written a specialized Tkinter.Text object (code at the end of the post). The basic idea is that when something is written to sys.stdout, it shows up as a line in the "Text" with the color black. If something is written to sys.stderr, it shows up as a line in the "Text" with the color red. As soon as something is written, the Text always scrolls down to view the most recent line. I'm using Python 2.6.1 at the moment. On Mac OS X 10.5, this seems to work great. I have had zero problems with it. On RedHat Enterprise Linux 5, however, I pretty reliably get a segmentation fault during the run of a script. The segmentation fault doesn't always occur in the same place, but it pretty much always occurs. If I comment out the sys.stdout= and sys.stderr= lines from my code, the segmentation faults seem to go away. I'm sure there are other ways around this that I will probably have to resort to, but can anyone see anything I'm doing blatantly wrong here that could be causing these segmentation faults? It's driving me nuts. Thanks! PS - I realize redirecting sys.stderr to the GUI might not be a great idea, but I still get segmentation faults even when I only redirect sys.stdout and not sys.stderr. I also realize that I'm allowing the Text to grow indefinitely at the moment. class ConsoleText(tk.Text): '''A Tkinter Text widget that provides a scrolling display of console stderr and stdout.''' class IORedirector(object): '''A general class for redirecting I/O to this Text widget.''' def __init__(self,text_area): self.text_area = text_area class StdoutRedirector(IORedirector): '''A class for redirecting stdout to this Text widget.''' def write(self,str): self.text_area.write(str,False) class StderrRedirector(IORedirector): '''A class for redirecting stderr to this Text widget.''' def write(self,str): self.text_area.write(str,True) def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw): '''See the __init__ for Tkinter.Text for most of this stuff.''' tk.Text.__init__(self, master, cnf, **kw) self.started = False self.write_lock = threading.Lock() self.tag_configure('STDOUT',background='white',foreground='black') self.tag_configure('STDERR',background='white',foreground='red') self.config(state=tk.DISABLED) def start(self): if self.started: return self.started = True self.original_stdout = sys.stdout self.original_stderr = sys.stderr stdout_redirector = ConsoleText.StdoutRedirector(self) stderr_redirector = ConsoleText.StderrRedirector(self) sys.stdout = stdout_redirector sys.stderr = stderr_redirector def stop(self): if not self.started: return self.started = False sys.stdout = self.original_stdout sys.stderr = self.original_stderr def write(self,val,is_stderr=False): #Fun Fact: The way Tkinter Text objects work is that if they're disabled, #you can't write into them AT ALL (via the GUI or programatically). Since we want them #disabled for the user, we have to set them to NORMAL (a.k.a. ENABLED), write to them, #then set their state back to DISABLED. self.write_lock.acquire() self.config(state=tk.NORMAL) self.insert('end',val,'STDERR' if is_stderr else 'STDOUT') self.see('end') self.config(state=tk.DISABLED) self.write_lock.release()

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• What arguments do I send a function being called by a button in python?

  - by Jared

  I have a UI, in that UI is 4 text fields and 1 int field, then I have a function that calls to another function based on what's inside of the text fields, this function has (self, *args). My function that is being called to takes five arguments and I don't know what to put in it to make it actually work with my UI because python button's send an argument of their own. I have tried self and *args, but it doesn't work. Here is my code, didn't include most of the UI code since it is self explanatory: def crBC(self, IKJoint, FKJoint, bindJoint, xQuan, switch): ''' You should have a controller with an attribute 'ikFkBlend' - The name can be changed after the script executes. Controller should contain an enum - FK/DYN(0), IK(1). Specify the IK joint, then either the dynamic or FK joint, then the bind joint. Then a quantity of joints to pass through and connect. Tested currently on 600 joints (200 x 3), executed in less than a second. Returns nothing. Please open your script editor for details. ''' import itertools # gets children joints of the selected joint chHipIK = cmds.listRelatives(IKJoint, ad = True, type = 'joint') chHipFK = cmds.listRelatives(FKJoint, ad = True, type = 'joint') chHipBind = cmds.listRelatives(bindJoint, ad = True, type = 'joint') # list is built backwards, this reverses the list chHipIK.reverse() chHipFK.reverse() chHipBind.reverse() # appends the initial joint to the list chHipIK.append(IKJoint) chHipFK.append(FKJoint) chHipBind.append(bindJoint) # puts the last joint at the start of the list because the initial joint # was added to the end chHipIK.insert(0, chHipIK.pop()) chHipFK.insert(0, chHipFK.pop()) chHipBind.insert(0, chHipBind.pop()) # pops off the remaining joints in the list the user does not wish to be blended chHipBind[xQuan:] = [] chHipIK[xQuan:] = [] chHipFK[xQuan:] = [] # goes through the bind joints, makes a blend colors for each one, connects # the switch to the blender for a, b, c in itertools.izip(chHipBind, chHipIK, chHipFK): rotBC = cmds.shadingNode('blendColors', asUtility = True, n = a + 'rotate_BC') tranBC = cmds.shadingNode('blendColors', asUtility = True, n = a + 'tran_BC') scaleBC = cmds.shadingNode('blendColors', asUtility = True, n = a + 'scale_BC') cmds.connectAttr(switch + '.ikFkSwitch', rotBC + '.blender') cmds.connectAttr(switch + '.ikFkSwitch', tranBC + '.blender') cmds.connectAttr(switch + '.ikFkSwitch', scaleBC + '.blender') # goes through the ik joints, connects to the blend colors cmds.connectAttr(b + '.rotate', rotBC + '.color1', force = True) cmds.connectAttr(b + '.translate', tranBC + '.color1', force = True) cmds.connectAttr(b + '.scale', scaleBC + '.color1', force = True) # connects FK joints to the blend colors cmds.connectAttr(c + '.rotate', rotBC + '.color2') cmds.connectAttr(c + '.translate', tranBC + '.color2') cmds.connectAttr(c + '.scale', scaleBC + '.color2') # connects blend colors to bind joints cmds.connectAttr(rotBC + '.output', a + '.rotate') cmds.connectAttr(tranBC + '.output', a + '.translate') cmds.connectAttr(scaleBC + '.output', a + '.scale') ------------------- def execCrBC(self, *args): g.crBC(cmds.textField(self.ikJBC, q = True, tx = True), cmds.textField(self.fkJBC, q = True, tx = True), cmds.textField(self.bindJBC, q = True, tx = True), cmds.intField(self.bQBC, q = True, v = True), cmds.textField(self.sCBC, q = True, tx = True)) ------------------- self.bQBC = cmds.intField() cmds.text(l = '') self.sCBC = cmds.textField() cmds.text(l = '') cmds.button(l = 'Help Docs', c = self.crBC.__doc__) cmds.setParent('..') cmds.button(l = 'Create', c = self.execCrBC) Here is the code causing the problem as requested: import maya.cmds as cmds import jtRigUI.createDummyRig as dum import jtRigUI.createSkeleton as sk import jtRigUI.generalUtilities as gu import jtRigUI.createLegRig as lr import jtRigUI.createArmRig as ar class RUI(dum.Dict, dum.Dummy, sk.Skel, sk.FiSkel, lr.LeanLocs, lr.LegRig, ar.ArmRig, gu.Gutils): def __init__(self, charNameUI, gScaleUI, fingButtonGrp, thumbCheckBox, spineButtonGrp, neckButtonGrp, ikJBC, fkJBC, bindJBC, bQBC, sCBC): rigUI = 'rigUI' if cmds.window(rigUI, exists = True): cmds.deleteUI(rigUI) rigUI = cmds.window(rigUI, t = 'JT Rigging UI', sizeable = False, tb = True, mnb = False, mxb = False, menuBar = True, tlb = True, nm = 5) form = cmds.formLayout() tabs = cmds.tabLayout(innerMarginWidth = 1, innerMarginHeight = 1) rigUIMenu = cmds.menu('Help', hm = True) aboutMenu = cmds.menuItem('about') cmds.popupMenu('about', button = 1) deleteUIMenu = cmds.menu('Delete', hm = True) cmds.menuItem('dummySkeleton') cmds.formLayout(form, edit = True, attachForm = ((tabs, 'top', 0), (tabs, 'left', 0), (tabs, 'bottom', 0), (tabs, 'right', 0)), w = 30) tab1 = cmds.rowColumnLayout('Dummy') #cmds.columnLayout(rowSpacing = 10) #cmds.setParent('..') cmds.frameLayout(l = 'A: Dummy Skeleton Setup', w = 400) self.charNameUI = cmds.textFieldGrp (label="Optional Character Name:", ann="Insert a name for the character or leave empty.", tx = '', w = 1) fingJUI = cmds.frameLayout(l = 'B: Number of Fingers', w = 10) cmds.text('\n', h = 5) self.fingButtonGrp = cmds.radioButtonGrp('fingRadio', p = fingJUI, l = 'Fingers: ', sl = 4, w = 1, numberOfRadioButtons = 4, labelArray4 = ['One', 'Two', 'Three', 'Four'], ct2 = ('left', 'left'), cw5 = [60,60,60,60,60]) self.thumbCheckBox = cmds.checkBoxGrp(l = 'Thumb: ', v1 = True) cmds.text('\n', h = 5) spineJUI = cmds.frameLayout(l = 'C: Number of Spine Joints') cmds.text('\n', h = 5) self.spineButtonGrp = cmds.radioButtonGrp('spineRadio', p = spineJUI, l = 'Spine Joints: ', sl = 2, w = 1, numberOfRadioButtons = 3, labelArray3 = ['Three', 'Five', 'Ten'], ct2 = ('left', 'left'), cw4 = [95,95,95,95]) cmds.text('\n', h = 5) neckJUI = cmds.frameLayout(l = 'D: Number of Neck Joints') cmds.text('\n', h = 5) self.neckButtonGrp = cmds.radioButtonGrp('neckRadio', p = neckJUI, l = 'Neck Joints: ', sl = 0, w = 1, numberOfRadioButtons = 3, labelArray3 = ['Two', 'Three', 'Four'], ct2 = ('left', 'left'), cw4 = [95,95,95,95]) cmds.text('\n', h = 5) cmds.setParent('..') cmds.setParent('..') cmds.setParent('..') cmds.frameLayout('E: Creation') cmds.text('SAVE FIRST: CAN NOT UNDO', bgc = (0.2,0.2,0.2)) cmds.button(l = '\nCreate Dummy Skeleton\n', c = self.build) # also have it make char name field grey cmds.text('Elbows and Knees must have bend.', bgc = (0.2,0.2,0.2)) cmds.columnLayout() cmds.setParent('..') cmds.setParent('..') cmds.setParent('..') cmds.setParent('..') tab2 = cmds.rowColumnLayout('Skeleton') cmds.columnLayout(columnAttach = ('both', 5), rowSpacing = 10, columnWidth = 150) cmds.setParent('..') cmds.frameLayout(l = 'A: Skeleton Setup') cmds.text('SAVE FIRST: CAN NOT UNDO', bgc = (0.2,0.2,0.2)) cmds.button(l = '\nConvert to Skeleton - Orient - Set LRA\n', c = self.buildSkel) self.gScaleUI = cmds.textFieldGrp (label="Scale Multiplier:", ann="Scale multipler of Character: basis for all further base controllers", tx = '1.0', w = 1, ed = False, en = False, visible = True) cmds.frameLayout('B: Manual Orientation') cmds.text('You must manually check finger, thumb, leg, foot orientation specifically.\nConfirm rest of joints.\nSpine: X aim, Y point backwards from spine, Z to the side.\nFingers: X is aim, Y points upwards, Z to the side - Spread on Y, curl on Z.\nFoot: Pivots on Y, rolls on Z, leans on X.') cmds.columnLayout() cmds.setParent('..') cmds.frameLayout('C: Finalize Creation of Skeleton') cmds.button(l = '\nFinalize Skeleton\n', c = self.finishS) cmds.setParent('..') cmds.setParent('..') cmds.setParent('..') cmds.setParent('..') tab3 = cmds.rowColumnLayout('Legs') cmds.columnLayout(columnAttach = ('both', 5), rowSpacing = 10, columnWidth = 150) cmds.setParent('..') cmds.frameLayout(l = 'A: Leg Rig Setup') cmds.button(l = '\nGenerate Foot Lean Locators\n', c = self.makeLean) cmds.text('Place on either side of the foot.\nDo not rotate: Automatic orientation in place.') cmds.frameLayout(l = 'B: Rig Legs') cmds.button(l = '\nRig Legs\n', c = self.makeLegs) cmds.setParent('..') cmds.setParent('..') cmds.setParent('..') tab4 = cmds.rowColumnLayout('Arms') cmds.columnLayout(columnAttach = ('both', 5), rowSpacing = 10, columnWidth = 150) cmds.setParent('..') cmds.frameLayout(l = 'A: Arm Rig Setup') cmds.button(l = '\nA: Rig Arms\n', c = self.makeArms) cmds.setParent('..') cmds.setParent('..') tab5 = cmds.rowColumnLayout('Spine and Head') cmds.columnLayout(columnAttach = ('both', 5), rowSpacing = 10, columnWidth = 150) cmds.setParent('..') cmds.frameLayout(l = 'Spine Rig Setup') cmds.setParent('..') cmds.setParent('..') tab6 = cmds.rowColumnLayout('Stretchy IK') cmds.columnLayout(columnAttach = ('both', 5), rowSpacing = 10, columnWidth = 150) cmds.setParent('..') cmds.frameLayout(l = 'Stretchy Setup') cmds.setParent('..') cmds.setParent('..') tab6 = cmds.rowColumnLayout('Extras') cmds.scrollLayout(saw = 600, sah = 600, cr = True) cmds.columnLayout(columnAttach = ('both', 5), rowSpacing = 10, columnWidth = 150) cmds.setParent('..') cmds.frameLayout(l = 'General Utitlities') cmds.text('\nHere are all my general utilities for various things') cmds.frameLayout(l = 'Automatic Blend Colors Creation and Connection') cmds.rowColumnLayout(nc = 5, w = 10) cmds.text('IK Joint:') cmds.text(l = '') cmds.text('FK/Dyn Joint:') cmds.text(l = '') cmds.text('Bind Joint:') self.ikJBC = cmds.textField() cmds.text(l = '') self.fkJBC = cmds.textField() cmds.text(l = '') self.bindJBC = cmds.textField() cmds.text(' \nBlend Quantity:') cmds.text(l = '') cmds.text(' \nSwitch Control:') cmds.text(l = '') cmds.text(l = '') self.bQBC = cmds.intField() cmds.text(l = '') self.sCBC = cmds.textField() cmds.text(l = '') cmds.button(l = 'Help Docs', c = self.crBC.__doc__) cmds.setParent('..') cmds.button(l = 'Create', c = self.execCrBC) cmds.text(l = '') cmds.setParent('..') cmds.frameLayout(l = 'Make Spline IK Curve Stretch And Squash') cmds.rowColumnLayout(nc = 5, w = 10) cmds.text('Curve Name:') cmds.text(l = '') cmds.text('Setup Name:') cmds.text(l = '') cmds.text('Joint Quantity:') self.ikJBC = cmds.textField() cmds.text(l = '') self.fkJBC = cmds.textField() cmds.text(l = '') self.bindJBC = cmds.textField() cmds.text(' \nSwitch Control:') cmds.text(l = '') cmds.text(' \nGlobal Control:') cmds.text(l = '') cmds.text(l = '') self.bQBC = cmds.intField() cmds.text(l = '') self.sCBC = cmds.textField() cmds.text(l = '') cmds.button(l = 'Help Docs', c = self.crBC.__doc__) cmds.setParent('..') cmds.button(l = 'Create', c = self.execCrBC) cmds.setParent('..') cmds.showWindow(rigUI) r = RUI('charNameUI', 'gScaleUI', 'fingButtonGrp', 'thumbCheckBox', 'spineButtonGrp', 'neckButtonGrp', 'ikJBC', 'fkJBC', 'bindJBC', 'bQBC', 'sCBC') # last modified at 6.20 pm 29th June 2011

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• Can I avoid explicit 'self'?

  - by bguiz

  I am fairly new to Python and trying to pick it up, so please forgive if this question has a very obvious answer! I have been learning Python by following some pygame tutorials. Therein I found extensive use of the keyword self, and coming from a primarily Java background, I find that I keep forgetting to type self. For example, instead of self.rect.centerx I would type rect.centerx, because, to me, rect is already a member variable of the class. The Java parallel I can think of for this situation is having to prefix all references to member variables with this. Am I stuck prefixing all member variables with self, or is there a way to declare them that would allow me to avoid having to do so? Even if what I am suggesting isn't "pythonic", I'd still like to know if it is possible. I have taken a look at these related SO questions, but they don't quite answer what I am after: Python - why use “self” in a class? Why do you need explicitly have the “self” argument into a Python method?

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