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• Can I debug with python debugger when using py.test somehow?

  - by Joel

  I am using py.test for unit testing my python program. I wish to debug my test code with the python debugger the normal way (by which i mean pdb.set_trace() in the code) but I can't make it work. Putting pdb.set_trace() in the code doesn't work (raises IOError: reading from stdin while output is captured). I have also tried running py.test with the option --pdb but that doesn't seem to do the trick if I want to explore what happens before my assertion. It breaks when an assertion fails, and moving on from that line means terminating the program. Does anyone know a way to get debugging, or is debugging and py.test just not meant to be together?

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• Pipe less to emacs

  - by Steve

  When viewing piped output to Less, sometimes I'd like to be able to view it in Emacs in order to get syntax highlighting and use emacs commands for searching, marking, copying, etc. I see that Less has a v command that can be used to open the currently viewed file in $EDITOR. Unfortunately this doesn't work when viewing piped input. Also, I don't know how to get Emacs to display stdin as a read-only document. So, is it possible to set up Less with something like v but that pumps the current buffer into Emacs as a read-only file? Thanks.

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• SML/NJ incomplete match

  - by dimvar

  I wonder how people handle nonexhaustive match warnings in the SML/NJ compiler. For example, I may define a datatype datatype DT = FOO of int | BAR of string and then have a function that I know only takes FOOs fun baz (FOO n) = n + 1 The compiler will give a warning stdIn:1.5-1.24 Warning: match nonexhaustive FOO n = ... val baz = fn : DT - int I don't wanna see warnings for incomplete matches I did on purpose, because then I have to scan through the output to find a warning that might actually be a bug. I can write the function like this fun baz (FOO n) = n + 1 | baz _ = raise Fail "baz" but this clutters the code. What do people usually do in this situation?

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• why egrep's stdout did not go through pipe?

  - by ccfenix

  Hi, i got a weird problem regarding egrep and pipe I tried to filter a stream containing some lines who start with a topic name, such as "TICK:this is a tick message\n" When I try to use egrep to filter it : ./stream_generator | egrep 'TICK' | ./topic_processor It seems that the topic_processor never receives any messages However, when i use the following python script: ./stream_generator | python filter.py --topics TICK | ./topic_processor everything looks to be fine. I guess there need to be a 'flush' mechanism for egrep as well, is this correct? Can anyone here give me a clue? Thanks a million import sys from optparse import OptionParser if __name__ == '__main__': parser = OptionParser() parser.add_option("-m", "--topics", action="store", type="string", dest="topics") (opts, args) = parser.parse_args() topics = opts.topics.split(':') while True: s = sys.stdin.readline() for each in topics: if s[0:4] == each: sys.stdout.write(s) sys.stdout.flush()

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• How can I efficiently group a large list of URLs by their host name in Perl?

  - by jesper

  I have text file that contains over one million URLs. I have to process this file in order to assign URLs to groups, based on host address: { 'http://www.ex1.com' = ['http://www.ex1.com/...', 'http://www.ex1.com/...', ...], 'http://www.ex2.com' = ['http://www.ex2.com/...', 'http://www.ex2.com/...', ...] } My current basic solution takes about 600 MB of RAM to do this (size of file is about 300 MB). Could you provide some more efficient ways? My current solution simply reads line by line, extracts host address by regex and puts the url into a hash. EDIT Here is my implementation (I've cut off irrelevant things): while($line = <STDIN>) { chomp($line); $line =~ /(http:\/\/.+?)(\/|$)/i; $host = "$1"; push @{$urls{$host}}, $line; } store \%urls, 'out.hash';

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• Python encoding for pipe.communicate

  - by Brian M. Hunt

  I'm calling pipe.communicate from Python's subprocess module from Python 2.6. I get the following error from this code: from subprocess import Popen pipe = Popen(cwd) pipe.communicate( data ) For an arbitrary cwd, and where data that contains unicode (specifically 0xE9): Exec. exception: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe9' in position 507: ordinal not in range(128) Traceback (most recent call last): ... stdout, stderr = pipe.communicate( data ) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/subprocess.py", line 671, in communicate return self._communicate(input) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/subprocess.py", line 1177, in _communicate bytes_written = os.write(self.stdin.fileno(), chunk) This is happening, I presume, because pipe.communicate() is expecting ASCII encoded string, but data is unicode. Is this the problem I'm encountering, and i sthere a way to pass unicode to pipe.communicate()? Thank you for reading! Brian

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• Python: saving objects and using pickle. Error using pickle.dump

  - by Peterstone

  Hello I have an Error and I don´t the reason: >>> class Fruits:pass ... >>> banana = Fruits() >>> banana.color = 'yellow' >>> banana.value = 30 >>> import pickle >>> filehandler = open("Fruits.obj",'w') >>> pickle.dump(banana,filehandler) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "C:\Python31\lib\pickle.py", line 1354, in dump Pickler(file, protocol, fix_imports=fix_imports).dump(obj) TypeError: must be str, not bytes >>> I don´t know how to solve this error because I don´t understand it. Thank you so much.

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• python unichr problem

  - by jacob

  I've got some problem with unichr() on my server. Please see below: On my server (Ubuntu 9.04): >>> print unichr(255) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xff' in position 0: ordinal not in range(128) On my desktop (Ubuntu 9.10): >>> print unichr(255) ÿ I'm fairly new to python so I don't know how to solve this. Anyone care to help? Thanks.

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• How should I do custom sort in Python 3?

  - by S.Mark

  In Python 2.x, I could pass custom function to sorted and .sort functions >>> x=['kar','htar','har','ar'] >>> >>> sorted(x) ['ar', 'har', 'htar', 'kar'] >>> >>> sorted(x,cmp=customsort) ['kar', 'htar', 'har', 'ar'] Because, in My language, consonents are comes with this order "k","kh",....,"ht",..."h",...,"a" But In Python 3.x, looks like I could not pass cmp keyword >>> sorted(x,cmp=customsort) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: 'cmp' is an invalid keyword argument for this function Is there any alternatives or should I write my own sorted function too?

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• Default input and output buffering for fopen'd files?

  - by Evan Teran

  So a FILE stream can have both input and output buffers. You can adjust the output stream using setvbuf (I am unaware of any method to play with the input buffer size and behavior). Also, by default the buffer is BUFSIZ (not sure if this is a POSIX or C thing). It is very clear what this means for stdin/stdout/stderr, but what are the defaults for newly opened files? Are they buffered for both input and output? Or perhaps just one? If it is buffered, does output default to block or line mode?

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• PHP: How To call Standard Library Functions

  - by Andi

  Hi, I'm starting with PHP for dynamic web pages. I have some libaries written in ANSI C for getting/setting parameters and other proprietary stuff. I wonder, is there a simple solution to use a wrapper inside PHP to call this funtions? Is there a already existing class/library? What would be the best practice to do this on my own? I don't want do make calls to external applications and use stdin/stdout! Is there a simple example available? I don't want to dig through the Zend documentation for now, I only need a feeling for the complexity. Thanks, kind regards, Andi

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• numpy.equal with string values

  - by Morgoth

  The numpy.equal function does not work if a list or array contains strings: >>> import numpy >>> index = numpy.equal([1,2,'a'],None) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: function not supported for these types, and can't coerce safely to supported types What is the easiest way to workaround this without looping through each element? In the end, I need index to contain a boolean array indicating which elements are None.

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• How to use OpenCV in Python?

  - by Roman

  I have just installed OpenCV on my Windows 7 machine. As a result I get a new directory: C:\OpenCV2.2\Python2.7\Lib\site-packages In this directory I have two files: cv.lib and cv.pyd. Then I try to use the opencv from Python. I do the following: import sys sys.path.append('C:\OpenCV2.2\Python2.7\Lib\site-packages') import cv As a result I get the following error message: File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found. What am I doing wrong? ADDED As it was recommended here, I have copied content of C:\OpenCV2.0\Python2.6\Lib\site-packages to the C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages. It did not help.

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• Reading a client's header from Python CGI script?

  - by jawonlee

  I'm writing a very simple web service, written in Python and run as CGI on an Apache server. According to Python docs (somewhere... I forgot where), I can use sys.stdin to read the data POSTed by a random client, and this has been working fine. However, I would like to be able to read the HTTP header information as well - incoming IP, user agent, and so on. I'd also like to keep it very simple for now, by using only Python libraries (so no mod-python). How do I do this?

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• Removing trailing newline character from fgets() input

  - by sfactor

  i am trying to get some data from the user and send it to another function in gcc. the code is something like this. printf("Enter your Name: "); if(!(fgets(Name, sizeof Name, stdin) != NULL)) { fprintf(stderr, "Error reading Name.\n"); exit(1); } However, i find that it has an \n character in the end. so if i enter John it ends up sending John\n. so how do i remove that \n and send a proper string.

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• Ignore carriage returns in scanf before data.... to keep layout of console based graphics with conio

  - by volting

  I have the misfortune of having use conio.h in vc++ 6 for a college assignment, My problem is that my graphic setup is in the center of the screen... e.g. gotoxy( getcols()/2, getrows()/2); printf("Enter something"); scanf( "%d", &something ); now if someone accidentally hits enter before they enter the "something", then the cursor gets reset to the left of the screen on the next line. Iv tried flushing the keyboard and bios buffers with fflush(stdin) and getchar(), which like I expected didn't work! Any help/ideas would be appreciated, Thanks, V

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• Python comparing string against several regular expressions

  - by maerics

  I'm pretty experienced with Perl and Ruby but new to Python so I'm hoping someone can show me the Pythonic way to accomplish the following task. I want to compare several lines against multiple regular expressions and retrieve the matching group. In Ruby it would be something like this: STDIN.each_line do |line| case line when /^A:(.*?)$/ then puts "FOO: #{$1}" when /^B:(.*?)$/ then puts "BAR: #{$1}" # when ... else puts "NO MATCH: #{line}" end end My attempts in Python are turning out pretty ugly because the matching group is returned from a call to match/search on a regular expression and Python has no assignment in conditionals or switch statements. What's the Pythonic way to do (or think!) about this problem?

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• How could I stop PHP from returning headers when executed from commandline?

  - by JonnyLitt

  This may be a ridiculous question, but it's been bothering me for a while. I have a mail forwarder piped to a PHP script, it receives perfectly, however I have the following error mailed back to me instantly: A message that you sent could not be delivered to one or more of its recipients. This is a permanent error. The following address(es) failed: pipe to |/home/[webroot]/public_html/external/mobile/email.php generated by mobile@[mydomain] The following text was generated during the delivery attempt: X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.13 Content-type: text/html As you can see, Exim thinks the header response an error from the script I have. The script can receive the Email perfectly from php://stdin but Exim is quick-replying with the error. Plus, It's running from console, not Apache so HTAccess or configuring Apache most likely would do nothing. I can not find any solution, or anyone with the same problem. So my question is: How to I get rid of those two headers? Thanks, ~Jonny

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• Importing BitTorrent bencode module

  - by bocco

  Hi, I'm on Mac OS X 10.6. Python is 2.6.1. I've installed bencode module as sudo easy_install BitTorrent-bencode It appeared in site-packages /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/BitTorrent_bencode-5.0.8-py2.6.egg But, how to import and use this module? >>> import bencode doesn't work... Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ImportError: No module named bencode How to import modules from site-packages? How to recognize module name BitTorrent_bencode-5.0.8-py2.6.egg contains? Thanks

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• How to override built-in getattr in Python?

  - by Stephen Gross

  I know how to override an object's getattr() to handle calls to undefined object functions. However, I would like to achieve the same behavior for the builtin getattr() function. For instance, consider code like this: call_some_undefined_function() Normally, that simply produces an error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> NameError: name 'call_some_undefined_function' is not defined I want to override getattr() so that I can intercept the call to "call_some_undefined_function()" and figure out what to do. Is this possible? Thanks, --Steve

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• What's the proper way to fork() in FastCGI ?

  - by eugene y

  I have an app running under Catalyst+FastCGI. And I want it to fork() to do some work in background. I used this code for plain CGI long ago: defined(my $pid = fork) or die "Can't fork: $!"; if ($pid) { # print response exit 0; } die "Can't start a new session: $!" if setsid == -1; close STDIN or die $!; close STDOUT or die $!; close STDERR or die $!; # do some work in background I tried some variations on this under FastCGI but with no success. How should forking be done under FastCGI?

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• Want procmail to run a custom python script, everytime a new mail shows up

  - by Maddy

  I have a pretty usual requirement with procmail but I am unable to get the results somehow. I have procmailrc file with this content: :0 * ^To.*@myhost | /usr/bin/python /work/scripts/privilege_emails_forward.py Wherein my custom python script(privilege_emails_forward.py) will be scanning through the email currently received and do some operations on the mail content. But I am unable to get the script getting executed at the first shot(let alone scanning through the mail content). Is this a correct way of invoking an external program(python) as soon as new mail arrives? And how does my python program(privilege_emails_forward.py) will receive the mail as input? I mean as sys.argv or stdin????

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• Why are closures broken within exec?

  - by Devin Jeanpierre

  In Python 2.6, >>> exec "print (lambda: a)()" in dict(a=2), {} 2 >>> exec "print (lambda: a)()" in globals(), {'a': 2} Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "<string>", line 1, in <module> File "<string>", line 1, in <lambda> NameError: global name 'a' is not defined >>> exec "print (lambda: a).__closure__" in globals(), {'a': 2} None I expected it to print 2 twice, and then print a tuple with a single cell. It is the same situation in 3.1. What's going on?

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• Treat a void function as a value

  - by Brendan Long

  I'm writing some terrible, terrible code, and I need a way to put a free() in the middle of a statement. The actual code is: int main(){ return printf("%s", isPalindrome(fgets(malloc(1000), 1000, stdin))?"Yes!\n":"No!\n") >= 0; // leak 1000 bytes of memory } I was using alloca(), but I can't be sure that will actually work on my target computer. My problem is that free returns void, so my code has this error message: error: void value not ignored as it ought to be The obvious idea I had was: int myfree(char *p){ free(p); return 0; } Which is nice in that it makes the code even more unreadable, but I'd prefer not to add another function. I also briefly tried treating free() as a function pointer, but I don't know if that would work, and I don't know enough about C to do it properly. Note: I know this is a terrible idea. Don't try this at home kids.

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• How do you get the logical xor of two variables in Python?

  - by Zach Hirsch

  How do you get the logical xor of two variables in Python? For example, I have two variables that I expect to be strings. I want to test that only one of them contains a True value (is not None or the empty string): str1 = raw_input("Enter string one:") str2 = raw_input("Enter string two:") if logical_xor(str1, str2): print "ok" else: print "bad" The ^ operator seems to be bitwise, and not defined on all objects: >>> 1 ^ 1 0 >>> 2 ^ 1 3 >>> "abc" ^ "" Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for ^: 'str' and 'str'

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