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• CloneZilla PXE Boot Without NFS

  - by John

  I am trying to setup CloneZilla to be bootable via PXE without using NFS. I do not have NFS running on our PXE server and would like to keep it that way. However, most of the information that I have found online indicates that you need to setup NFS in order to PXE boot CloneZilla. I believe that I am pretty close in getting it to work, but am not sure where to go next. Listed below are the different PXE menu option configurations that I have used so far. LABEL Clonezilla Live MENU LABEL Clonezilla Live KERNEL utilities/clonezilla/vmlinuz APPEND initrd=utilities/clonezilla/initrd.img boot=live live-config noswap nolocales edd=on nomodeset ocs_live_run="ocs-live-general" ocs_live_extra_param="" ocs_live_keymap="" ocs_live_batch="no" o$ I have also tried the following append lines, without success: APPEND initrd=utilities/clonezilla/initrd.img boot=live union=aufs noswap noprompt vga=788 fetch=tftp://10.130.155.23/filesystem.squashfs APPEND initrd=utilities/clonezilla/initrd.img boot=live union=aufs noswap noprompt vga=normal nomodeset nosplash fetch=tftp://10.130.155.23/filesystem.squashfs Each of them have resulted in a no go with the following error: "Unable to find a live file system on the network". It looks like it gets to the point of trying to load the filesystem.squashfs file, hangs, and then throws the error. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• ICMP Redirect Theory VS. Application

  - by joeqwerty

  I'm trying to watch ICMP redirects in a lab using Cisco Packet Tracer (version 5.3.2) and I'm not seeing them, which leads me to believe that either my lab configuration isn't correct or my understanding of ICMP redirects isn't correct or that Packet Tracer doesn't support/use ICMP redirects. Here's what I believe to be true regarding ICMP redirects: Routers send ICMP redirects when all of these conditions are met: The interface on which the packet comes into the router is the same interface on which the packet gets routed out. The subnet or network of the source IP address is on the same subnet or network of the next-hop IP address of the routed packet. The datagram is not source-routed. The router kernel is configured to send redirects. I have the lab set up in Cisco Packet Tracer as displayed in the image and would expect to see an ICMP redirect from Router1 when pinging from PC1 to PC3. I'm not seeing the ICMP redirect and it looks like Router1 is actually routing all of the packets via Router2. I have IP ICMP debugging enabled on Router1 (and Router2) and I'm not seeing any ICMP redirect activity in either console. I'm also not seeing a route to the PC3 network in the routing table on PC1, which I think confirms that the ICMP redirect is not occurring. I'm using only static routing on Routers 1 and 2. Is my understanding of ICMP redirects incorrect, or is there a problem with my lab configuration or does Packet Tracer not support/use ICMP redirects?

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• Webmin / Virtualmin running php as www-data, is locked out of viewing .htaccess and writing

  - by Kirill

  I've asked this on the virtualmin forums, but haven't had any help from there. Recently, "something" happened and it seems that the apache service has gone a bit weird. What it does: it runs all apache traffic as www-data and sometimes spawns the php5-cgi process as www-data, this is a problem because all the domain users own their directories and default permissions don't let www-data write to these folders (file uploads are dead) or read .htaccess (permalinks are broken in wordpress). I've googled this for about a week straight now, tried pretty much everything I could find and achieved nothing. The only thing that I think might actually be the cause of all this is this page: http:// - i.imgur.com/NYW3x.png (got shut down by the spam filter) So I figured if I set it to "default", this might magically start working again, but all it does is "crash" apache (all websites timeout). I figure it's something to do with the "mpm" module or something, but I can't find anything relevant in the settings to modify for it to work. Can someone please point me in the right direction? System info: Webmin version 1.580 Kernel and CPU Linux 2.6.35.4-rscloud on x86_64 Virtualmin version 3.90.gpl GPL Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid) A couple screenshots of top http://i.imgur.com/U2DTK.png http://i.imgur.com/sNPKs.png

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• SATA drives or chipset throwing DRDY ERR and ICRC ABRT

  - by Matt

  I have an SD-VIA-1A2S PCI card with 2 sata ports (and one ATA-133 that isn't used). Two new Western Digital Caviar Green drives (WD10EARS 1TB) throw repeated errors in kern.log (removed date/time/host info for brevity): [ 7.376475] ata2.00: exception Emask 0x12 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x1000500 action 0x6 [ 7.376480] ata2.00: BMDMA stat 0x5 [ 7.376483] ata2: SError: { UnrecovData Proto TrStaTrns } [ 7.376489] ata2.00: cmd c8/00:40:20:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/e0 tag 0 dma 32768 in [ 7.376490] res 51/84:2f:20:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/e0 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error) [ 7.376493] ata2.00: status: { DRDY ERR } [ 7.376495] ata2.00: error: { ICRC ABRT } [ 7.376504] ata2: hard resetting link I'm using Ubuntu 9.04 - 2.6.28-18-generic, though I have tried live cds of Ubuntu 9.10, Fedora 12 and OpenSUSE 11.2 - all running various 2.6.31 kernels - and all received the same error. Based on testing these drives and this card in two other machines and combos of connecting the drives directly to the motherboard or the add-in card, I'm relatively convinced that it's the VIA chipset that is the problem. Another computer that also has an onboard VIA SATA chipset (like the add-in card) produces the same errors when the drives are directly on that motherboard. I have been able to verify that the drives are perfectly good, and I tried everything I can think of in terms of swapping cables, psu isn't overloaded, etc. The error happens on boot once or twice, after using fdisk on the drive once or twice, and constantly when attempting to sync a new mdadm raid 1 array created on the two drives. Any thoughts on where to go from here - driver/kernel wise? I'm completely open to buying a new PCI add-in card if someone can recommend one with 2 internal sata ports that works well in Debian/Ubuntu. Thanks!

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• Understanding Linux SCSI queue depths

  - by Troels Arvin

  I'm experimenting with the effects of different SCSI queue depth values on a Dell server running CentOS Linux 5.4 (x86_64). The server has two QLogic QLE2560 FC HBAs connected via multipathing to a storage system. The storage system has allocated two LUNs to the server, each connected through four paths in an active-active-active-active round-robin configuration. All in all, the two LUNs exist as eight /dev/sdX devices, represented by two devices in /dev/mpath. I currently adjust the queue depth values in /etc/modprobe.conf and check the result (after rebooting) by looking in the seventh column of /proc/scsi/sg/devices. Two questions related to that: Is there a way to adjust queue depths without rebooting or unloading the qla2xxx kernel module? E.g., can I echo a new queue depth value into some /proc or /sys-like file to update the queue depth? If I set the queue depth to 128, is that 128 in total for all devices handled by the qla2xxx module?, or 128 for each HBA? (256 in total), or 128 for each of the eight /dev/sdX devices (1024 in toal)?, or 128 for each of the two /dev/mpath/... devices (256 in total)? This is important for me to know so that my server doesn't flood the storage system, affecting other servers connected to it.

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• Is anyone using KVM in production?

  - by Andy Shellam

  I've been trying to set up a pair of servers utilising KVM on Ubuntu 9.10 to host 8 virtual machines between them and ended up with various issues from the VMs freezing, to not powering on. I had one virtual server set up and running and was setting up a second, when any operation involving OpenSSL would cause the VM to lock up in a weird way - all network traffic would cease, it wouldn't process logins on the console, but it wasn't taking any CPU time off the host. The first virtual server was identical and worked perfectly. Another VM I tried to setup had installed Ubuntu fine then refused to reboot, throwing kernel exceptions to do with XFS. I've now installed Citrix XenServer 5.5 on both hosts, and am now setting up my third VM with absolutely no issues. I also had the same experience when I tried VMware, but I preferred Xen as it appears to give more features on the free license. My question is am I just unlucky with KVM, or is KVM as unstable as it appears? Are you using, or planning on using, KVM in production, and how successful have you been?

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• APC + FPM memory fragmentation without a reason

  - by palmic

  My setup @ debian 6-testing is: nginx 1.1.8 + php 5.3.8 + php-fpm + APC 3.1.9 Because i use automatic deployment with apc_clear_cache() after deploy, my target is to set up APC to cache all my project (up to 612 php files smaller than 1MB) without files changes checking. My confs: FPM: pm.max_children = 25 pm.start_servers = 4 pm.min_spare_servers = 2 pm.max_spare_servers = 10 pm.max_requests = 500 APC: pc.enabled="1" apc.shm_segments = 1 apc.shm_size="64M" apc.num_files_hint = 640 apc.user_entries_hint = 0 apc.ttl="7200" apc.user_ttl="7200" apc.gc_ttl="600" apc.cache_by_default="1" apc.filters = "apc\.php$,apc_clear.php$" apc.canonicalize="0" apc.slam_defense="1" apc.localcache="1" apc.localcache.size="512M" apc.mmap_file_mask="/tmp/apc-php5.XXXXXX" apc.enable_cli="0" apc.max_file_size = 2M apc.write_lock="1" apc.localcache = 1 apc.localcache.size = 512 apc.report_autofilter="0" apc.include_once_override="0" apc.coredump_unmap="0" apc.stat="0" apc.stat_ctime="0" The problem is i have my APC memory fragmented into 5 pieces at 14,5MB loaded into memory which capacity is 64M. My system memory is 640MB, used about 270MB at most. The http responses lasts about 300ms - 5s. When i switch on apc.stat="1", the responses are about 50ms - 80ms which is quite good, but i cannot understand why is apc.stat="0" so much whorse. The APC diagnostic tool shows "1 Segment(s) with 64.0 MBytes (mmap memory, pthread mutex Locks locking)" in general cache information window so i hope i am right that it's mmap setup which allows tweaking APC shm onto upper values than shows system limit in /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax (my shows 33MB).

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• IPMI not fucntioning with Network Bonding

  - by muhammed sameer

  Hey, I am having problems with running IPMI on my servers that have network bonding enabled. Platform: CentOS release 5.3 (Final) Kernel: 2.6.18-92.el5 64bit Dell PowerEdge 1950 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet I have bonded the interface eth0 and eth1 as active passive, with eth0 as the active interface, below is conf description from /proc Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup) Primary Slave: eth0 Currently Active Slave: eth0 MII Status: up MII Polling Interval (ms): 30 Up Delay (ms): 0 Down Delay (ms): 0 Slave Interface: eth0 MII Status: up Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:22:19:56:b9:cd Slave Interface: eth1 MII Status: up Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:22:19:56:b9:cf My IPMI device is as follows IPMI Device Information Interface Type: KCS (Keyboard Control Style) Specification Version: 2.0 I2C Slave Address: 0x10 NV Storage Device: Not Present Base Address: 0x0000000000000CA8 (I/O) Register Spacing: 32-bit Boundaries I Have used openIPMI as well as freeipmi both to control the chassis via the IPMI card, but on servers which have bonding enabled, the command times out, below is the full run of the command with debug info. ipmi_lan_send_cmd:opened=[0], open=[4482848] IPMI LAN host 70.87.28.115 port 623 Sending IPMI/RMCP presence ping packet ipmi_lan_send_cmd:opened=[1], open=[4482848] No response from remote controller Get Auth Capabilities command failed ipmi_lan_send_cmd:opened=[1], open=[4482848] No response from remote controller Get Auth Capabilities command failed Error: Unable to establish LAN session Failed to open LAN interface Unable to get Chassis Power Status On the other hand I configured IPMI on a box with the same specs as mentioned above without bonding and IPMI works perfectly. Has anyone faced this problem with IPMI + Bonding ? I would be thankful is someone helps circumvent this issue. Muhammed Sameer

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• How can I make my PCI-E graphics card visible to Ubuntu when the motherboard has integrated graphics

  - by Norman Ramsey

  I have a Gigabyte GA-MA74GM-S2 motherboard with integrated graphics that shows up on lspci as an ATI Radeon 2100. I also bought a PCI-Express Nvidia graphics card so I could use the VDPAU feature on Linux (plays H.264 in hardware). The BIOS has three settings about which display to initialize first: Integrated graphics PCI graphics PCI-Express graphics (PEG) I set the BIOS on PEG, but I cannot get anything, not even a splash screen or POST messages, to emerge from the PCI-Express graphics card. (I'm using a DVI connector; the card also has an HDMI output.) I cannot get the kernel lspci to see the graphics card; the only VGA controller it acknowledges is the integrated one. Running dmidecode acknowledges the existence of an x16 PCI Express slot, and it says Current usage: Unknown There is an additional BIOS setting called "Internal Graphics Mode" which is normally set to "Auto" which means it is supposed to prefer a PCI Express VGA card. I set it to "Disabled" which now means I'm getting no output at all. I will soon be learning how to do a BIOS reset! Other information: The PCI-E card is a MSI N210-MD512H GeForce 210. This is a fanless card. Although there are no fans to see turning, the heat sink on the PCI-E card is definitely getting hot, so the card is getting some sort of power. It gets all its power from the PCI-E slot; there is no external power connector. The BIOS is an AMI Award BIOS. My question: how can I make the PCI Express graphics card visible to Ubuntu?

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• Boot ISO image from GRUB4DOS on EFI machines

  - by Vladimir Tikhomirov

  I failed with loading ISO image (non-distro) from GRUB2 from USB stick, but found the way how I can boot the GRUB4DOS and then load the image from there. However, it doesn't work all the time and the questions is WHY it doesn't? Environment and loading process: We need to have EFI machine, USB stick, booting ISO, GRUB2 and GRUB4DOS. Last 3 on USB stick. Boot: USB - EFI loader - GRUB2 - GRUB4DOS - ISO image Configuration files To boot GRUB4DOS I use this from grub.cfg: menuentry "image.iso" { linux /syslinux/grub.exe --config-file="/menu.lst" } My menu.lst is here: timeout 20 default 0 title image.iso find --set-root --ignore-floppies --ignore-cd //image.iso map --heads=0 --sectors-per-track=0 //image.iso (hd32) map --hook chainloader (hd32) This works perfectly with Legacy machines. However, when I come to GRUB4DOS, I don't see the menu with image.iso, I see only GRUB command line. That means that my menu.lst didn't load. Why is it like this? Background and ideas I have an idea that GRUB4DOS doesn't recognize my USB stick as a device. I tried the command find and got (hd0,0), (hd0,1), (hd0,2), (rd). When I tried to set root to any of these devices I don't see fat file system, how it was with Legacy machines. The root device is (hd0,0), which has ntfs file system which should be partition with Windows. EFI machines support only GRUB2, so I can't boot GRUB4DOS straight away. Please, don't suggest anything like this, because my image doesn't have kernel. You can imagine that you load HDAT2 or Hiren's boot cd, for example. menuentry "Blancco Blancco5.iso" { set isofile="/image.iso" loopback loop $isofile set root=(loop) linux /isolinux/vmlinuz isofile=$isofile splash quiet initrd /isolinux/initrd }

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• Crash dump analysis

  - by Ryan Ries

  I hope this isn't a stupid question, and if it is, then I want to at least get it over with so I don't feel so dumb in the future. Here we are, loading up a Windows crash dump with Windbg. Here are the first few lines of the debugger output: 0: kd> .dumpdebug ----- 64 bit Kernel Summary Dump Analysis DUMP_HEADER64: MajorVersion 0000000f MinorVersion 00001db1 ... The MinorVersion I mostly understand. It's hexadecimal and it translates to 7601 in decimal. Windows admins would already be able to tell from that that this must be either a Win7 x64 machine or a 2k8 R2 machine with SP1. But isn't 7601 the build number? It's supposed to be Major.Minor.Build/Revision... right? Also I don't understand the MajorVersion. It should be 6. This version of Windows is 6. But isn't 0000000f in hexadecimal 15 in decimal? The full version string of this version of Windows, when you launch the Command Prompt for instance, is 6.1.7601. If 7601 is the MinorVersion, then what is 1 and what is 6? And why does the crash dump say 0F?

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• X11 performance problem after upgrading from Centos3 to Centos5 with an ATI Rage XL

  - by Marcelo Santos

  After upgrading a computer from Centos3 to Centos5 an application that does a lot of scrolling took a very high performance hit. top tells me that X is using a lot of CPU and that was not happening before. The machine has an ATI Rage XL with 8MB and X is using the ati driver as there is no proprietary ATI driver for this board on linux. The xorg.conf: Section "Device" Identifier "Videocard0" Driver "ati" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen0" Device "Videocard0" DefaultDepth 24 SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 24 Modes "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480" EndSubSection EndSection Section "DRI" Group 0 Mode 0666 EndSection A similar machine that still has Centos3 installed is able to start DRI on the X server while this one is not, this is the Xorg.0.log for the Centos5 machine: drmOpenDevice: node name is /dev/dri/card0 drmOpenDevice: open result is -1, (No such device or address) drmOpenDevice: open result is -1, (No such device or address) drmOpenDevice: Open failed drmOpenDevice: node name is /dev/dri/card0 drmOpenDevice: open result is -1, (No such device or address) drmOpenDevice: open result is -1, (No such device or address) drmOpenDevice: Open failed [drm] failed to load kernel module "mach64" (II) ATI(0): [drm] drmOpen failed (EE) ATI(0): [dri] DRIScreenInit Failed (II) ATI(0): Largest offscreen areas (with overlaps): (II) ATI(0): 1024 x 1279 rectangle at 0,768 (II) ATI(0): 768 x 1280 rectangle at 0,768 (II) ATI(0): Using XFree86 Acceleration Architecture (XAA) Screen to screen bit blits Solid filled rectangles 8x8 mono pattern filled rectangles Indirect CPU to Screen color expansion Solid Lines Offscreen Pixmaps Setting up tile and stipple cache: 32 128x128 slots 10 256x256 slots (==) ATI(0): Backing store disabled (==) ATI(0): Silken mouse enabled (II) ATI(0): Direct rendering disabled (==) RandR enabled I also tried using EXA instead of XAA and setting: Option "AccelMethod" "XAA" Option "XAANoOffscreenPixmaps" "true" uname -a Linux sir5.erg.inpe.br 2.6.18-128.7.1.el5 #1 SMP Mon Aug 24 08:20:55 EDT 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux rpm -qa | grep xorg-x11-server xorg-x11-server-utils-7.1-4.fc6 xorg-x11-server-sdk-1.1.1-48.52.el5 xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.1.1-48.52.el5 xorg-x11-server-Xnest-1.1.1-48.52.el5 xorg-x11-server-Xorg-1.1.1-48.52.el5 The drmOpenDevice error continues when using the suggested Option "AIGLX" "true".

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• Ubuntu NBR karmic boot freezes at fsck from util-linux-ng 2.16

  - by BlueBill

  Hi all, I have a netbook (emachine e250 - equivalent to an acer aspire one) and I have Ubunutu NBR 9.10 installed on it. Every other cold boot freezes at the following error message: "fsck from util-linux-ng 2.16" There is no disk activity, no activity what so ever. I have left the machine sit for over an hour and nothing. It takes a couple of hard resets to be able to boot properly. Once it boots everything works great (wireless, suspend/resume, etc.)! I have spent the last couple of weeks researching the problem and the only thing that seems to work is setting nolapic in the boot string in grub - it boots every time. Unfortunately, nolapic disables the second core and causes problems with suspend resume. At first I thought it was an fsck problem with the first partition on the hard disk as it is a hidden ntfs partition containing the windows xp recover information. So in /etc/fstab I set the partition so that it would be ignored by fsck. This didn't seem to do anything. I have these partitions: /dev/sda1 - an ntfs recovery partition /dev/sda2 - /boot /dev/sda3 - swap /dev/sda5 - / /dev/sda6 - /home I am running kernel version 2.6.31-19-generic and have all the patches (as indicated by update manager). I also have no splash screen so I can see the boot progress. I have only been using NBR since January, I have been using Ubuntu on my desktop since last June (2009-06). What logs should I be looking at? Is there a log for failed boots? Thanks, Troy

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• Ingress filtering in Linux traffic control: Redirect traffic to IFB device

  - by Dani Camps

  I have an openwrt router and I want to shape incoming traffic in order to classify all the traffic addressed to a certain IP address in my home network as low priority. For that purpose I want to redirect all traffic incoming to the eth1 interface, the one connected to the DSL modem, to an IFB device where I will do the shaping. These are the details of my system: Linux OpenWrt 2.6.32.27 #7 Fri Jul 15 02:43:34 CEST 2011 mips GNU/Linux Here is the script I am using where the last instruction is failing: # Variable definition ETH=eth1 IFB=ifb1 IP_LP="192.168.1.22/32" DL_RATE="900kbps" HP_RATE="890kbps" LP_RATE="10kbps" TC="tc" # Configuring the ifbX interface insmod ifb insmod sch_htb insmod sch_ingress ifconfig $IFB up # Adding the HTB scheduler to the ingress interface $TC qdisc add dev $IFB root handle 1: htb default 11 # Set the maximum bandwidth that each priority class can get, and the maximum borrowing they can do $TC class add dev $IFB parent 1:1 classid 1:10 htb rate $LP_RATE ceil $DL_RATE $TC class add dev $IFB parent 1:1 classid 1:11 htb rate $HP_RATE ceil $DL_RATE # Redirect all ingress traffic arriving at $ETH to $IFB $TC qdisc del dev $ETH ingress 2>/dev/null $TC qdisc add dev $ETH ingress $TC filter add dev $ETH parent ffff: protocol ip prio 1 u32 \ match u32 0 0 flowid 1:1 \ action mirred egress redirect dev $IFB The last instruction fails with: Action 4 device ifb1 ifindex 9 RTNETLINK answers: No such file or directory We have an error talking to the kernel Does anyone know what am I doing wrong ? Best Regards Daniel

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• Linux Distro for Beginners

  - by XLR3204S

  Well... I know that's the question arising all over the Internet, but I couldn't find an answer to suit me after googling for quite some time. I'd like to get a Linux distribution, and start learning using the CLI. I'm looking for a distribution already having GNOME installed, as I'll be using Linux-Command.org as my learning resource, and I'm not very familiar with CLI-based web browsers. I'd mainly like to get to know my way around a UNIX-based system, and then I think I'd like to pick up a CLI-only distribution, and start doing more complex stuff. I've tried Ubuntu, Fedora Core, OpenSolaris and FreeBSD (the last two aren't linux distros, I know). Ubuntu and FC are fine, they do come with Firefox, but I'm not really sure they're meant for learning purposes. OpenSolaris was OK as well, but I haven't got to play with it enough. FreeBSD 7.2 did not want to install itself on my 13" MacBook Pro, it generated a kernel panic everytime while copying the files to the disk. So to sum this up, I'm trying to learn Linux, and I'm willing to invest time into this (that is, not giving up when the first problems arise). I also have intermediate knowledge of C++, if it helps, and I'm also using the CLI-vim to write small C++ CLI-based programs, so text editing should be any problem. And... speaking of Macs, how am I going to be limited if I try to learn how to use UNIX-based systems using the OS X Terminal? It uses bash 3.2, isn't this the same shell as the one found on most of the Linux machines? How does the fact that OS X is based on FreeBSD 4.4, if I'm not mistaking, affect this? Thanks in advance, and hopefully, I'll have a starting point ASAP.

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• How to run some commands after booting from ArchLinux disk? Or how to change some settings in .iso before booting?

  - by Alexander Ovchinnikov

  How to install Arch Linux with traditional installer with only ssh-access to server? There is nice guide: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Install_from_SSH I try test this on my home vps: Start VPS with any linux bootable cd and login to remote server (vps) wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/archlinux/iso/latest/archlinux-2010.05-netinstall-x86_64.iso dd if=archlinux-2010.05-netinstall-x86_64.iso of=/dev/sda reboot ... I see, it works but without ssh connection... I need make script, which will send this commands after reboot: aif -p partial-configure-network (and write some information about my server ip etc.) /etc/rc.d/sshd start (need to start sshd) echo "sshd: ALL" /etc/hosts.allow (to allow me login to server, by default deny all) passwd (by default its empty, can't login via ssh with empty password) Can I edit .iso or may be /dev/sda? May be I need write script, which will start after system boot and do this things or may be I can set this settings by default and system will start with correct settings (i think its possible at least in 2. and 3.). Thank you!

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• DNAT to 127.0.0.1 with iptables / Destination access control for transparent SOCKS proxy

  - by cdauth

  I have a server running on my local network that acts as a router for the computers in my network. I want to achieve now that outgoing TCP requests to certain IP addresses are tunnelled through an SSH connection, without giving the people from my network the possibility to use that SSH tunnel to connect to arbitrary hosts. The approach I had in mind until now was to have an instance of redsocks listening on localhost and to redirect all outgoing requests to the IP addresses I want to divert to that redsocks instance. I added the following iptables rule: iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -d 1.2.3.4 -j DNAT --to-destination 127.0.0.1:12345 Apparently, the Linux kernel considers packets coming from a non-127.0.0.0/8 address to an 127.0.0.0/8 address as “Martian packets” and drops them. What worked, though, was to have redsocks listen on eth0 instead of lo and then have iptables DNAT the packets to the eth0 address instead (or using a REDIRECT rule). The problem about this is that then every computer on my network can use the redsocks instance to connect to every host on the internet, but I want to limit its usage to a certain set of IP addresses only. Is there any way to make iptables DNAT packets to 127.0.0.1? Otherwise, does anyone have an idea how I could achieve my goal without opening up the tunnel to everyone? Update: I have also tried to change the source of the packets, without any success: iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -p tcp -s 192.168.1.0/24 -d 1.2.3.4 -j SNAT --to-source 127.0.0.1 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -p tcp -s 192.168.1.0/24 -d 127.0.0.1 -j SNAT --to-source 127.0.0.1

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• Xen HVM networking wont work

  - by Nathan

  I'm trying to get a Xen HVM network working using route however I am failing. Xen PV works fine using Ubuntu but when installing Ubuntu on HVM it fails to pick up the network. I'll let you know now that I'm not that experienced with Xen so I would appreciate any help. vm104 is the HVM thats causing me the problems, here is the configs that I believe should help resolve the problem. [root@eros vm104]# cat vm104.cfg import os, re arch = os.uname()[4] if re.search('64', arch): arch_libdir = 'lib64' else: arch_libdir = 'lib' kernel = '/usr/lib/xen/boot/hvmloader' builder = 'hvm' memory = 6000 shadow_memory = '8' cpu_weight = 256 name = 'vm104' vif = ['type=ioemu, ip=85.25.x.y, vifname=vifvm104.0, mac=00:16:3e:52:3d:fe, bridge=xenbr0'] acpi = 1 apic = 1 vnc = 1 vcpus = 4 vncdisplay = 3 vncviewer = 0 vncconsole = 1 vnclisten = '217.118.x.y' vncpasswd = 'kCfb5S4tE7' serial = 'pty' disk = ['phy:/dev/vpsvg/vm104_img,hda,w', 'file:/home/solusvm/xen/iso/Windows-Server-2008-RC2.iso,hdc:cdrom,r'] device_model = '/usr/' + arch_libdir + '/xen/bin/qemu-dm' boot = 'cd' sdl = '0' usbdevice = 'tablet' pae=1 [root@eros /]# cat /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp | egrep -v "(^#.*|^$)" (xend-unix-server yes) (xend-unix-path /var/lib/xend/xend-socket) (xend-relocation-hosts-allow '^localhost$ ^localhost\\.localdomain$') (network-script network-route) (vif-script vif-route) (network-script 'network-route netdev=eth0') (dom0-min-mem 256) (dom0-cpus 0) (vnc-listen '0.0.0.0') (vncpasswd '') (keymap 'en-us') The Windows install will not pick up the network - I've tried setting the IP manually by using the Xen servers IP as the gateway and setting the main IP in Windows but no luck. If anyone needs any more information let me know and I appreciate any input!

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• Windows 7 BSOD with Service Exception Error and Randomly Reboots

  - by Jason Shultz

  I've got a windows 7 laptop that BSOD with a Service Exception Error when I connect to a wireless network. It also does it when it's just sitting still doing nothing. I ran bluescreenview and here are the last four BSOD's from today: ================================================== Dump File : 051210-18642-01.dmp Crash Time : 5/12/2010 8:36:14 AM Bug Check String : SYSTEM_SERVICE_EXCEPTION Bug Check Code : 0x0000003b Parameter 1 : 00000000`c000001d Parameter 2 : fffff880`00000000 Parameter 3 : fffff880`06fda160 Parameter 4 : 00000000`00000000 Caused By Driver : Ntfs.sys Caused By Address : Ntfs.sys+7f030 File Description : Product Name : Company : File Version : Processor : x64 Computer Name : Full Path : C:\Windows\Minidump\051210-18642-01.dmp Processors Count : 2 Major Version : 15 Minor Version : 7600 ================================================== ================================================== Dump File : 051210-16551-01.dmp Crash Time : 5/12/2010 8:41:04 AM Bug Check String : SYSTEM_SERVICE_EXCEPTION Bug Check Code : 0x0000003b Parameter 1 : 00000000`c000001d Parameter 2 : fffff880`00000000 Parameter 3 : fffff880`06f40160 Parameter 4 : 00000000`00000000 Caused By Driver : ntoskrnl.exe Caused By Address : ntoskrnl.exe+70600 File Description : NT Kernel & System Product Name : Microsoft® Windows® Operating System Company : Microsoft Corporation File Version : 6.1.7600.16539 (win7_gdr.100226-1909) Processor : x64 Computer Name : Full Path : C:\Windows\Minidump\051210-16551-01.dmp Processors Count : 2 Major Version : 15 Minor Version : 7600 ================================================== ================================================== Dump File : 051210-17269-01.dmp Crash Time : 5/12/2010 8:45:51 AM Bug Check String : SYSTEM_SERVICE_EXCEPTION Bug Check Code : 0x0000003b Parameter 1 : 00000000`c000001d Parameter 2 : fffff880`00000000 Parameter 3 : fffff880`07db1160 Parameter 4 : 00000000`00000000 Caused By Driver : Ntfs.sys Caused By Address : Ntfs.sys+7f030 File Description : Product Name : Company : File Version : Processor : x64 Computer Name : Full Path : C:\Windows\Minidump\051210-17269-01.dmp Processors Count : 2 Major Version : 15 Minor Version : 7600 ================================================== ================================================== Dump File : 051210-19453-01.dmp Crash Time : 5/12/2010 5:46:25 PM Bug Check String : SYSTEM_SERVICE_EXCEPTION Bug Check Code : 0x0000003b Parameter 1 : 00000000`c000001d Parameter 2 : fffff880`00000000 Parameter 3 : fffff880`02625160 Parameter 4 : 00000000`00000000 Caused By Driver : win32k.sys Caused By Address : win32k.sys+2d4201 File Description : Product Name : Company : File Version : Processor : x64 Computer Name : Full Path : C:\Windows\Minidump\051210-19453-01.dmp Processors Count : 2 Major Version : 15 Minor Version : 7600 ==================================================  

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• Ubuntu Hardy : Testing for environment variables in udev rules doesn't seem to work

  - by Fred

  I have a Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (server edition), and I need to write a udev rule for it to act upon plugging a USB thumb drive. However, I need a different action depending on the filesystem of the drive. I know I can use the ID_FS_TYPE environment variable to check for the filesystem on the drive. Following instructions found here, I try a dummy udev rule as such : KERNEL!="sd[a-z][0-9]", GOTO="my_udev_rule_end" ACTION=="add", RUN+="/usr/bin/touch /tmp/test_udev_%E{ID_FS_TYPE}" ACTION=="add", ENV{ID_FS_TYPE}=="vfat", RUN+="/usr/bin/touch /tmp/test_udev_it_works" LABEL="my_udev_rule_end" However, when I plug in a thumb drive with a vfat filesystem (which should trigger both rules), I end up with a file called /tmp/test_udev_vfat, meaning the first rule was triggered successfully, and that the ID_FS_TYPE environment variable is "vfat", but I don't have the other file, meaning that although I know the ID_FS_TYPE env variable is "vfat", I can't seem to check against it for a match. I tried googling the thing, but pretty much every result seems to assume ENV{ID_FS_TYPE}=="vfat" works. I also tested the exact same udev rule on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS server, and I have the same result. I'm probably missing something very simple, but I just don't get it. Does anyone see what is wrong with my udev rule that would prevent it from matching on ENV{ID_FS_TYPE}? Thanks.

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• fail2ban Error Gentoo

  - by Mark Davidson

  Hi All I've recently setup a new VPS running Gentoo (My first time using the distro so please forgive me is this is a really easy one) and as I've done with other servers installed fail2ban. Setting it up to block the host via iptables, on too many unsuccessful logins with ssh. However I'm getting a strange error that I can't quite solve. When I start fail2ban I get these lines in the error log 2009-11-13 18:02:01,290 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'ssh-iptables' started 2009-11-13 18:02:01,480 fail2ban.actions.action: ERROR iptables -N fail2ban-SSH iptables -A fail2ban-SSH -j RETURN iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport ssh -j fail2ban-SSH returned 100 If I try and force a ban these errors show up in the log and the host is not banned 2009-11-13 11:23:26,905 fail2ban.actions: WARNING [ssh-iptables] Ban XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX 2009-11-13 11:23:26,929 fail2ban.actions.action: ERROR iptables -n -L INPUT | grep -q fail2ban-SSH returned 100 2009-11-13 11:23:26,930 fail2ban.actions.action: ERROR Invariant check failed. Trying to restore a sane environment 2009-11-13 11:23:27,007 fail2ban.actions.action: ERROR iptables -N fail2ban-SSH iptables -A fail2ban-SSH -j RETURN iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport ssh -j fail2ban-SSH returned 100 2009-11-13 11:23:27,016 fail2ban.actions.action: ERROR iptables -n -L INPUT | grep -q fail2ban-SSH returned 100 2009-11-13 11:23:27,016 fail2ban.actions.action: CRITICAL Unable to restore environment My versions are as follows Linux masked 2.6.18-xen-r12 #2 SMP Wed Mar 4 11:45:03 GMT 2009 x86_64 Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5504 @ 2.00GHz GenuineIntel GNU/Linux net-analyzer/fail2ban-0.8.4 net-firewall/iptables-1.4.3.2 If anyone could shead some light on these errors that would be great, I did wonder if it was a problem with iptables or some kernel modules but I can block an IP if I do. iptables -I INPUT -s 25.55.55.55 -j DROP so makes me think its something a bit more unusual. Thanks a lot in advance

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• Experience with AMCC 3ware 9650se raid cards? Ours seems dead

  - by antiduh

  We have a 8-port 3ware 9650se raid card for our main disk array. We had to bring the server down for a pending power outage, and when we turned the machine back on, the raid card never started. This card has been in service for a couple years without problems, and was working up until the shutdown. Now, when we turn the machine on, the bios option rom that normally kicks in before the bootloader doesn't show up, none of the drives start, and when the OS tries to access the device, it just times out. The firmware on it has been upgraded in the past, so it's possible we've hit some sort of firmware bug. We're using it in a Silicon Mechanics R272 machine with gentoo for the OS. The OS eventually boots, but alas, without the card. We've ordered a new one, but I'm worried that if we replace the card it won't recognize the existing array. Has anybody performed a card swap before? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Edit: These are the kernel errors we see: 3ware 9000 Storage Controller device driver for Linux v2.26.02.012. 3w-9xxx 0000:09:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 18 (level, low) -> IRQ 18 3w-9xxx 0000:09:00.0: setting latency timer to 64 3w-9xxx: scsi0: ERROR: (0x06:0x000D): PCI Abort: clearing. 3w-9xxx: scsi0: ERROR: (0x06:0x001F): Microcontroller not ready during reset sequence. 3w-9xxx: scsi0: ERROR: (0x06:0x0036): Response queue (large) empty failed during reset sequence. 3w-9xxx 0000:09:00.0: PCI INT A disabled

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• NFS v4, HA Migration, and stale handles on clients

  - by Karl Katzke

  I'm managing a server running NFS v4 with Pacemaker/OpenAIS. NFS is configured to use TCP. When I migrate the NFS server to another node in the Pacemaker cluster, even though the metadata is persisted, connections from the clients 'hang' and eventually time out after 90 seconds. After that 90 seconds, the old mountpoint becomes 'stale' and the mounted files can no longer be accessed. The 90 second grace period seems to be part of the server configuration and not the client configuration. I see this message on the server: kernel: NFSD: starting 90-second grace period If I restart the NFS client on the client nodes after I migrate (unmounting and then remounting the share), then I don't experience the problem, but connections and file transfers still interrupted. Three questions: What is the 90 second grace period? What's it there for? How can I keep the files from going stale on the clients without restarting them after I migrate the NFS server to another node? Is it actually possible to migrate the NFS server without having large file uploads drop?

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• Running Mathematica-5 remotely

  - by oxinabox.ucc.asn.au

  I have Mathematica 5 - a powerful CAS. I have a cheap netbook (running Windows XP), wich not only is too slow to run mathmatica on, I doubt it has the harddrive space. I do however have remote access to a number of very powerful computers, (most of wich run variose Linuxes, but one of which is Windows Server 2008, though I'ld rather not use this one*). Mostly over SSH but other protocols can be arraged for some, I'm sure. So I'ld like to install Mathematica onto one of these machine and then run it remotely. Either from the command line via Putty or via some other method. I glanced through the mathematical documentation and read something about using some MathLink program, which links the front end installed on my computer to a remote kernel. Anyone have any experience with this? I'm not sure if this belongs here or in SuperUser. At the moment, it's being tinkered with, and when the tinkering stops it'll likely be used to run multiple thin terms. As compared to the Linux machines: I have access to a dual 2.4 Xeon with 3GB RAM, which the rest of the world seems to have completely forgotten about (runs freeBSD!).

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• Can't start Bind9 on Ubuntu 10.04 + Plesk 10.1 - "named: no process found"

  - by bradley.ayers

  I've installed a fresh version of Ubuntu 10.04 64bit, I didn't install bind when choosing what packages should be installed in the Ubuntu installer. I downloaded the auto installer for Plesk 10.1 and installed it successfully. When I logged into the Plesk control panel and tried to change the password, it failed because it couldn't restart bind. I SSH'd into the box and tried a sudo /etc/init.d/bind9 restart and get the following: brad@ws01:/root# sudo /etc/init.d/bind9 restart * Stopping domain name service... bind9 WARNING: key file (/etc/bind/rndc.key) exists, but using default configuration file (/etc/bind/rndc.conf) rndc: connect failed: 127.0.0.1#953: connection refused named: no process found [ OK ] * Starting domain name service... bind9 [fail] Looking at tail /var/log/messages reveals a whole bunch of: Feb 23 16:08:21 ws01 kernel: [ 3840.065851] type=1503 audit(1298441301.831:31): operation="open" pid=5565 parent=5563 profile="/usr/sbin/named" requested_mask="::r" denied_mask="::r" fsuid=108 ouid=0 name="/var/named/run-root/etc/named.conf" Edit: After following ooshro's advice, bind runs, however I still get the named: no process found error: brad@ws01:/etc/apparmor.d$ sudo /etc/init.d/bind9 restart * Stopping domain name service... bind9 WARNING: key file (/etc/bind/rndc.key) exists, but using default configuration file (/etc/bind/rndc.conf) named: no process found [ OK ] * Starting domain name service... bind9 [ OK ]

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