master subdocument - Page 150

dd on entire disk, but do not want empty portion

- by Jonathan Henson

I have a disk, say /dev/sda. Here is fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 64.0 GB, 64023257088 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7783 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000e4b5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 27 209920 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 27 525 4000768 5 Extended Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda5 27 353 2621440 83 Linux /dev/sda6 353 405 416768 83 Linux /dev/sda7 405 490 675840 83 Linux /dev/sda8 490 525 282624 83 Linux I need to make an image to store on our file server for use in flashing other devices we are manufacturing so I only want the used space (only about 4gb). I want to keep the mbr etc... as this device should be boot ready as soon as the copy is finished. Any ideas? I previously had been using dd if=/dev/sda of=[//fileserver/file], but at that time, my master copy was on a 4gb flash ide.

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nginx- Rewrite URL with Trailing Slash

- by Bryan

I have a specialized set of rewrite rules to accommodate a mutli site cms setup. I am trying to have nginx force a trailing slash on the request URL. I would like it to redirect requests for domain.com/some-random-article to domain.com/some-random-article/ I know there are semantic considerations with this, but I would like to do it for SEO purposes. Here is my current server config. server { listen 80; server_name domain.com mirror.domain.com; root /rails_apps/master/public; passenger_enabled on; # Redirect from www to non-www if ($host = 'domain.com' ) { rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.domain.com/$1 permanent; } location /assets/ { expires 1y; rewrite ^/assets/(.*)$ /assets/$http_host/$1 break; } # / -> index.html if (-f $document_root/cache/$host$uri/index.html) { rewrite (.*) /cache/$host$1/index.html break; } # /about -> /about.html if (-f $document_root/cache/$host$uri.html) { rewrite (.*) /cache/$host$1.html break; } # other files if (-f $document_root/cache/$host$uri) { rewrite (.*) /cache/$host$1 break; } } How would I modify this to add the trailing slash? I would assume there has to be a check for the slash so that you don't end up with domain.com/some-random-article//

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Mysql connections hanging in login state

- by Mark Rose

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Boot drive not found issue after cloning using Apricorn EZgig

- by TomWilsonFL

A couple days ago I cloned a drive for someone using the EZgig software. Usually this goes without a hitch, but this particular drive I was cloning is quite old. When I restarted with the new drive I received the typical bootable disk not found message, so I turned it off, messed with the BIOS, restarted and it came up fine. That night I was working remotely on the computer and had to restart it. It didn't come back up; not a good sign. When the user came to the computer in the morning it was giving the same message. I have found that to make the computer boot, all I have to do is go into the BIOS and "Load Defaults", then restart. It will boot and runs great. Any thoughts on what is causing this situation? Is it MBR corruption? Are some settings being saved in the CMOS? A couple points of mention: I have already attempted looking for a BIOS update for the computer, but the newest is already installed (from 2003). When the computer reboots it either shows "None" for Primary Master, or sometimes it will just not show anything. Thanks, Tom

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ssh Prompts For Password After Account Unlocked - Despite ssh key?

- by user1011471

Here's what happened: I set up ssh key so that user could ssh from A to B without a password. I got user's password wrong in some other context too many times, and user's account got locked out. (IT uses Active Directory here) IT unlocked the account. Concurrent to the unlocking, a script was running, calling something like ssh user@B some-health-check-command every 5 seconds or so -- which seemed to work fine before I caused user to get locked out in step 2. IT reports user reliably gets locked out a short time after each unlock attempt. I thought the ssh key would allow ssh user@B some-command as long as the account is not locked. But it behaves as if, when user gets unlocked, B suddenly asks for a password and since my command repeatedly runs without supplying a password, the account gets locked out after 5 attempts. Account cannot be accessed at this time. Please contact your system administrator. My questions are... Is that what's happening? Or: what's happening? More importantly: How can I reconfigure things such that my script doesn't cause problems? Can I accomplish what I want without having to install Expect? (I don't know if I have permission to do so) Other notes: Not using ssh-agent currently. The ssh command is running on our Jenkins master, a linux box. A and B are Mac OS X. user is managed in Active Directory and normally can sign into all three machines. Other than these things and the ssh key I set up, everything else has the default configuration as far as I know.

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Restoring MBR, partition table, and boot sector of memory card without data loss ("USBC")

- by Synetech

Abstract I have a FAT32 memory card that when inserted into a computer causes Windows to prompt to format it. The card is definitely not supposed to be blank and has a bunch of files on it. Symptoms Using a hex-editor/disk-viewer, I examined the card and found that several sectors/clusters have been overwritten with something that has a signature of USBC at the start of the sector. Specifically, the master boot record (and partition table) is gone (hence Windows thinking the card is blank and needing to be formatted), as are the boot sectors (they have the USBC signature and a volume label of NO NAME and partition type of FAT32). Fortunately, it looks like both copies of the FAT are almost entirely intact (a few FAT entries at the start of a cluster here and there seem to be overwritten by USBC). The root directory is also nearly intact—I can see the volume label entry and subdirectory listings, but one sector is overwritten. (There are no more instances of USBC after the last one in the FAT2.) Hypothesis These observations seem to indicate some sort of virus that erases a few key filesystem structures, and then overwrites a few extra sectors here and there. Googling it seems to corroborate the idea of a virus, except that others report a file called USBC which does not apply here, and in fact, could not be possible since there is no filesystem to even see files. I cannot find any information about a virus with these symptoms, nor a removal tool. (I can't help but wonder if it is actually due to an autorun virus prevention tool.) Question I can likely fix the FAT corruption since they are mostly contiguous chains and maybe even the lost sector of the root directory, but does anyone know of a convenient way to restore or (re)create the MBR/partition table and boot sectors (without formatting or overwriting the data)?

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No sound out of headphone port

- by Thanatos

I cannot get sound out of the headphone port. Headphones are plugged in, and sound comes out of the internal speakers. Windows behaves normally (sound switches to headphones when headphones are inserted). It did work in Linux at one point, but something changed, we're just not sure what. Rebooting doesn't fix. This appears to occur whether or not PulseAudio is running. Things I've tried: Rebooting. No effect. Booting into Windows. It works properly, so probably not a hardware issue. All of alsamixer. My only controls are this: "Master" Volume bar & mutable, unmuted. Controls volume. "PCM" Volume bar only. 100%. "S/PDIF" Mutable only, currently muted, has no effect. "S/PDIF" Default PCM", Mutable only, currently unmuted, has no effect. Killing PulseAudio. No effect. (It also won't stay dead! Something appears to be restarting it, and I can't tell what, but it is annoying as fuck.) alsactl init 0, no effect. sudo rm -f /var/lib/alsa/asound.state, no effect. General system info: Ubuntu 10.04 LTS Toshiba Satellite T135D-S1324 lspci says I have: 00:14.2 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 Azalia (Intel HDA) 01:05.1 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc RS780 Azalia controller

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Triple-Boot + 4 partition Limit

- by dsimcha

I just bought a new hard drive so that I could convert my XP-only machine into an XP-Ubuntu-Windows 7 triple boot machine. Since the drive is absurdly huge (1 TB) I wouldn't mind throwing ReactOS into the mix, too. I just found out that master boot records are limited to 4 entries, meaning 4 primary partitions. I had Windows XP set up on my old drive as a boot partition, a program files partition and a media partition. Since I really didn't want to install XP from scratch, I cloned this setup on my new drive. This leaves me one MBR partition entry for installing Windows 7, Ubuntu and ReactOS. I'd like to avoid having to install XP from scratch like the plague, partly because it's supposed to be a safety net in case things go wrong with my other OS's and because I've invested a lot of time getting it set up exactly the way I like it. Here are the options I've considered and why I don't like them: Install Windows 7 on my media partition. This would work, but I prefer to keep my media partition completely separate from any OS, so that I can reformat an OS partition without affecting my media partition at all. Use wubi or something to install Ubuntu in the same partition as something else. Again, this is brittle. Move all my media to a logical drive on an extended partition. Create another logical drive on this extended partition for Ubuntu. The problem here is that extended partitions are rather brittle--if you nuke one, it renders the rest useless. Just put the old drive back in my computer and run XP off it. Use the new one for the other OS's. The problem here is that the old drive is slower and uses extra power, generates extra heat, etc. Can anyone suggest any other possibilities that I may have overlooked?

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What hardware would I need (approx) to run ESXi server?

- by mr.b

Hi, I am considering to purchase off-the-shelf commodity hardware in order to build server that will host virtual machines using ESXi server. Intended purpose for this server is NOT mission critical tasks. It will have to run perhaps 20-50 Windows XP/Vista/7 virtual machines (in total, but closer to 20 figure). Each guest would have to have 1-2 GB of ram, and probably two-three times more disk space than guest OS needs with clean install and all updates applied (that would be around 6-8 GB for XP, and i believe closer to 10-15 for win7). Those guests will act as a test ground for a new product that is network management software, thus guests will idle most of their time once initially loaded, but if I give them some task to complete, they should be able to perform reasonably well. Now, from what I have learned... CPU is usually not much of an issue (6 cores would do it), memory should not be lacking, but doesn't have to be sum of all guests, because of overcommitment... That leads me to IO, which is, as it seems, the bottleneck. Since I have very little experience with ESXi (and ESX, too) server, I'd like to ask: How much memory could I save by overcommitment, and how does it affect performance? Is 6-core cpu enough to run above described system? Would it be possible to run entire server off two (or even one) SSD drives (to host system virtual disks, with few additional HDDs (2-3) in RAID 0 to be used as secondary storage? I read somewhere that ESXi allows having something like "master image", essentially virtual machine that is "deployed" many times, so that disk space can be saved by having only differences stored by specific guests, instead of copying around whole virtual disks. Is this true, and how can this help me? Are there any other things I need to take into consideration when building this off-the-shelf solution? I should probably mention here that I'm fully aware of issues like SPOF regarding power supply, raid 0, etc, but since it's only a testing ground and not a production system, it's not so important for me. Thanks, B.

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Can't access site internally, but DNS works

- by BloodyIron

1) I have apache2 running a vhost for a website. 2) This apache2 instance is already successfuly setup for other websites on it to be accessible internally and externally. 3) I am using an internal bind9 server to resolve the new website's domain internally to the private IP. This bind9 server is not public facing, nor is it the master server on the internet. 4) The DNS internally resolves to the right IP. 5) Firefox reports "server not found". 6) I have copied the config almost identically to other configs that are known to work (adjusting for proper paths of course). In turn I have reloaded and restarted apache2 repeatedly. 7) I have an entry to forward .org .info .net alternative TLDs to .com in the vhost config for this domain, and my browser goes from .org to .com despite note #5. 8) /var/log/apache2/access.log shows when someone externally tries to access the site, but no activity is observed when someone tries to access internally. Changing the log level does not appear to improve the situation. 9) I am out of ideas, nothing appears to be wrong. Please help? To be explicit. Why is this new site unreachable internally? I would like to clarify on something, even though I have already outlined this. YES I know this system is in a private network. NO it is not going through a router. YES I am using an internal DNS server (bind9) to resolve, and YES it does resolve to the proper internal IP. YES other websites on the same server setup in the same way with internal resolution work right now and have done for a while. Everything for this domain is setup the same as the other working domains as far as I can tell. The other working domains are internally AND externally accessible. This domain I am working with is only currently externally accessible. When I go to it internally firefox tells me "Server not found".

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How to Set Up an SMTP Submission Server on Linux

- by Kevin Cox

I was trying to set up a mail server with no luck. I want it to accept mail from authenticated users only and deliver them. I want the users to be able to connect over the internet. Ideally the mail server wouldn't accept any incoming mail. Essentially I want it to accept messages on a receiving port and transfer them to the intended recipient out port 25. If anyone has some good links and guides that would be awesome. I am quite familiar with linux but have never played around with MTA's and am currently running debian 6. More Specific Problem! Sorry, that was general and postfix is complex. I am having trouble enabling the submission port with encryption and authentication. What Works: Sending mail from the local machine. (sendmail [email protected]). Ports are open. (25 and 587) Connecting to 587 appears to work, I get a "need to starttls" warning and starttls appears to work. But when I try to connect with the next command I get the error below. # openssl s_client -connect localhost:587 -starttls smtp CONNECTED(00000003) depth=0 /CN=localhost.localdomain verify error:num=18:self signed certificate verify return:1 depth=0 /CN=localhost.localdomain verify return:1 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/CN=localhost.localdomain i:/CN=localhost.localdomain --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIICvDCCAaQCCQCYHnCzLRUoMTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADAgMR4wHAYDVQQDExVs b2NhbGhvc3QubG9jYWxkb21haW4wHhcNMTIwMjE3MTMxOTA1WhcNMjIwMjE0MTMx OTA1WjAgMR4wHAYDVQQDExVsb2NhbGhvc3QubG9jYWxkb21haW4wggEiMA0GCSqG SIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDEFA/S6VhJihP6OGYrhEtL+SchWxPZGbgb VkgNJ6xK2dhR7hZXKcDtNddL3uf1YYWF76efS5oJPPjLb33NbHBb9imuD8PoynXN isz1oQEbzPE/07VC4srbsNIN92lldbRruDfjDrAbC/H+FBSUA2ImHvzc3xhIjdsb AbHasG1XBm8SkYULVedaD7I7YbnloCx0sTQgCM0Vjx29TXxPrpkcl6usjcQfZHqY ozg8X48Xm7F9CDip35Q+WwfZ6AcEkq9rJUOoZWrLWVcKusuYPCtUb6MdsZEH13IQ rA0+x8fUI3S0fW5xWWG0b4c5IxuM+eXz05DvB7mLyd+2+RwDAx2LAgMBAAEwDQYJ KoZIhvcNAQEFBQADggEBAAj1ib4lX28FhYdWv/RsHoGGFqf933SDipffBPM6Wlr0 jUn7wler7ilP65WVlTxDW+8PhdBmOrLUr0DO470AAS5uUOjdsPgGO+7VE/4/BN+/ naXVDzIcwyaiLbODIdG2s363V7gzibIuKUqOJ7oRLkwtxubt4D0CQN/7GNFY8cL2 in6FrYGDMNY+ve1tqPkukqQnes3DCeEo0+2KMGuwaJRQK3Es9WHotyrjrecPY170 dhDiLz4XaHU7xZwArAhMq/fay87liHvXR860tWq30oSb5DHQf4EloCQK4eJZQtFT B3xUDu7eFuCeXxjm4294YIPoWl5pbrP9vzLYAH+8ufE= -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/CN=localhost.localdomain issuer=/CN=localhost.localdomain --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 1605 bytes and written 354 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Server public key is 2048 bit Secure Renegotiation IS supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Session-ID: E07926641A5EF22B15EB1D0E03FFF75588AB6464702CF4DC2166FFDAC1CA73E2 Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: 454E8D5D40380DB3A73336775D6911B3DA289E4A1C9587DDC168EC09C2C3457CB30321E44CAD6AE65A66BAE9F33959A9 Key-Arg : None Start Time: 1349059796 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 18 (self signed certificate) --- 250 DSN read:errno=0 If I try to connect from evolution I get the following error: The reported error was "HELO command failed: TCP connection reset by peer".

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Kickstarting an Ubuntu Server 10.04 installation (DHCP fails)

- by William

I'm trying to automate the network installation of Ubuntu 10.04 LTS with an anaconda kickstart and everything seems to running except for the initial DHCP autoconfiguration. The installer attempts to configure the install via DHCP but fails on its first attempt. This brings me to a prompt where I can retry DHCP and it seems to always work on the second attempt. My issue is that this is not really automated if I have to hit retry for DHCP. Is there something I can add to the kickstart file so that it will automatically retry or better yet not fail the first time? Thanks. Kickstart: # System language lang en_US # Language modules to install langsupport en_US # System keyboard keyboard us # System mouse mouse # System timezone timezone America/New_York # Root password rootpw --iscrypted $1$unrsWyF2$B0W.k2h1roBSSFmUDsW0r/ # Initial user user --disabled # Reboot after installation reboot # Use text mode install text # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Use Web installation url --url=http://10.16.0.1/cobbler/ks_mirror/ubuntu-10.04-x86_64/ # System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr # Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr yes # Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel # Disk partitioning information part swap --size 512 part / --fstype ext3 --size 1 --grow # System authorization infomation auth --useshadow --enablemd5 %include /tmp/pre_install_ubuntu_network_config # Always install the server kernel. preseed --owner d-i base-installer/kernel/override-image string linux-server # Install the Ubuntu Server seed. preseed --owner tasksel tasksel/force-tasks string server # Firewall configuration firewall --disabled # Do not configure the X Window System skipx %pre wget "http://10.16.0.1/cblr/svc/op/trig/mode/pre/system/Test-D" -O /dev/null # Network information # Start pre_install_network_config generated code # Start of code to match cobbler system interfaces to physical interfaces by their mac addresses # Start eth0 # Configuring eth0 (00:1A:64:36:B1:C8) if ip -o link show | grep -i 00:1A:64:36:B1:C8 then IFNAME=$(ip -o link show | grep -i 00:1A:64:36:B1:C8 | cut -d" " -f2 | tr -d :) echo "network --device=$IFNAME --bootproto=dhcp" >> /tmp/pre_install_ubuntu_network_config fi # End pre_install_network_config generated code %packages openssh-server

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Simple Distributed Disconnected way to sync a directory

- by Rory

I want to start regularly backup my home directory on my ubuntu laptop, machine X. Suppose I have access to 2 different remote (linux) servers that I can backup to, machines A & B. Machine X will be the master, and should be synced to A and B. I could just regularly run rsync from X to A and then from X to B. That's all I need. However I'm curious if there's a more bandwidth effecient, and hence faster way to do it. Assuming X is going to be on residential style broadband lines, and since I don't want to soak up the bandwidth, I would limit the transfer from X. A and B will be on all the time, however X, will not be, so I'd also like to reduce the amount of time that X is transfering, potentially allowing A and B to spend more time transfering. Also, X won't be connected all the time. What's the best way to do this? rsync from X to A, then from A to B? Timing that right could be troublesome. I don't want to keep old files around, so if I was to rsync, then the --del option would be used. Could that mean something might get tranfered from A to B, then deleted from B, then transfered from A to B again? That's suboptimal. I know there are fancy distributed filesystems like gluster, but I think that's overkill in this case, and might not fit with the disconnected nature.

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My new SSD is causing issues. How can I solve them?

- by Allan

Computer specs 1 TB harddisc 120 GB 520intel SSD 8 GB DDR3 RAM Athlon Phenom II x64 955 3. 2ghz DK DFI Lanparty FX7900 M3H3 motherboard ASUS ATI RADEON HD6970 2 GB I have bought a new SSD (Intel 520, 120 GB), and wanted to use this as my system disc. I removed the other harddisc, and installed the SSD with the newest firmware. And then Windows 7 I updated Windows 7 with no problems and then put back my old harddrive. I formatted that old harddrive just to clean up at the same time... So at this stage everything was perfect. My new SSD was set as Master 0 Primary it boots on it and I have 1 TB emptyu harddrive I can use for whatever I want. So far no errors at all Now here is the problem, I installed a few games and everytime I tried to play the computer would say Windows must restart because DCOM server process launcher service terminated, or it says Windows must now restart because the Plug and Play service terminated unexpectedly Most commonly this error is caused by a rootkit virus, well I have tried formatting my entire computer, and running every antivirus I could find, so that shouldn't be it. I've also read somewhere it might happen when there are hardware issues. That on the otherhand would make sense, as I just put in a new SSD. I don't expect you to know this error. I haven't found anyone who knew it yet. maybe you can me guide through what might have gone wrong when I placed in the SSD? What have I checked regarding the SSD? It displays the right name when the computer starts up It has the newest firmware Did a 'sfc /scannow' which told me everything was fine I don't know what to do from here. Everything seems to work great with the drive. when I start playing games my computer crashes.

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With puppet, can you have the client ask to be a certain set of roles?

- by Aitch

I've recently got my puppetmaster and client up and running and have had the client correctly signed, then requested and applied simple changes, all good. I have a growing number of machines (100). They are not consistently named (historical reasons). They fall into a handful of categories (think of it like: dataserver_type1, dataserver_type2, webserver_type1, webserver_type2....). New instances of these types of machines are added weekly. I don't understand (yet) or cannot see how I can declare a "generic" node of (say) "dataserver_type1" that contains whatever modules it needs, and set something in the client puppet.conf that says "I am a dataserver_type1" without using the hostname/FQDN If I set the node name in the catalog as (say) "my-data-server-type1" - the certified hostname - it picks it up and works. I know you can use patterns for hostnames but as I said, my server names are not consistent, and I can't change them. This seems disingenuous to have to edit a file and manually add a node for each server, when they continue to grow. Edit: Digging deeper, it seems roles may be what I want. But there still seems to be an element whereby the master has contain a list of roles that a specific named server should do. Perhaps what I am asking is, how can a client say "I want to be this role", without the server having to be updated?

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MS Word TOC that references # pages rather than page number

- by buttonsrtoys

We frequently need to write specifications in Word which require a TOC that refers to the total number of pages in a section, rather than the page number. E.g., Section No. Pages 01010 Summary of Work..............5 01025 Prices.......................2 01400 Quality Control..............1 01700 Contract Close Out...........2 A wrinkle is that each section is a separate file. To date, we've been writing or TOC by hand, which has introduced every error imaginable. Is there an MS feature that populates a TOC with page totals? If not, I've done a little VB in Office, so wouldn't be opposed to that route as need be, as long as it was usable by our low tech users. Related question - all the section files are in the same folder. It would be nice if the TOC loaded every file in a folder, rather than having to specify each one. Is this a feature of Word or would this require VB? We tried a master document with links to subdocuments, but since the number of section files ebbs and flows with each project, the approach required too much maintenance for our Wordophobes.

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INSERT DELAYED on locked tables blocks PHP processes to continue

- by sw0x2A

Our webservers write some tracking information into a MySQL database (using INSERT DELAYED into MyISAM table). When a huge SELECT query is executed on this table or when it is locked for another reason, the webserver processes (with INSERT DELAYED) are waiting for the database and in some cases the MaxServer limit is reached in Apaches, so they will stop serving requests. We use INSERT DELAYED because The DELAYED option for the INSERT statement is a MySQL extension to standard SQL that is very useful if you have clients that cannot or need not wait for the INSERT to complete. This is a common situation when you use MySQL for logging and you also periodically run SELECT and UPDATE statements that take a long time to complete. Quote from MySQL documentation. I am wondering why the Apache processes are waiting for the INSERT DELAYED to finish. And what can I do to just send the data and forget about it. (Since this is logging data, I do not care if we lose some entries.) Even when the table is locked the PHP script should just go on and should not wait for an answer of MySQL. (We do not want to setup Master-slave for this table but we are thinking about move this data to some NoSQL database. But for now I would like to know why INSERT DELAYED is not working as expected.)

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NGINX: How do I calculate an optimal no. of worker processes and worker connections?

- by bodacious

Our web app is running on a Linode 2048 server at the moment (~ 2048 GB of RAM) The MYSQL database is on another linode of it's own so this server is really only handling NGINX and and the Rails application. The application itself uses about 185976 of memory per instance (RSS). Our traffic is < 1000 per day and the pages are mostly cached so there are fewer hits to the rails app itself. My question is - how can I calculate optimal NGINX config settings for my app? Below is the current config: worker_processes 1; # pid of nginx master process pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; passenger_root /home/user/.rvm/gems/ree-1.8.7-2011.01@URTV/gems/passenger-3.0.3; passenger_ruby /home/user/.rvm/rubies/ree-1.8.7-2011.01/bin/ruby; include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; # gzip settings gzip on; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_vary on; gzip_proxied any; gzip_types text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; # load extra modules from the vhosts directory include /opt/nginx/vhosts/*.conf; } Any advice would be appreciated! :)

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How to use LVM on Rackspace Cloud

- by batrick

Dear all, I am trying to set up a simple but effective solution to make a backup of my rackspace cloud servers. These servers each run subversion, trac, and some database-backed custom php applications. My idea is to set up a LVM and mount a volume under, say, /srv. In this volume, I keep the data from all applications. Instead of caring about how to back-up each app in a different way (svn hotcopy, trac-admin hotcopy, huge mess for mysql), I simply take an LVM snapshot and back this one up cloud files using the excellent cloudcity script (http://github.com/jspringman/cloudcity/blob/master/cloudcity). The advantage of this solution is that it is quick and easy, and LVM allows to make decent backups. As more apps are added, it should not be required to change the backup script much. The downside, and main point of my question here, is that I am not sure how to get LVM working on Rackspace cloud, because there is only one root volume and no service like Amazon's EBS. I was thinking it may be possible to create a large empty file and use this as a "physical volume". Has anybody done anything like this before? Or do you know why it can never work? It would be great to hear from you. Thanks, batrick

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Postgresql Data Aggregation over WAN Securely

- by Zach

Hey guys, Need some advice on how to proceed with this situation: My current scenario is that I have several postgresql (50+) boxes deployed throughout various locations and data centers and a beefy postgresql box setup at a homebase location. All of the deployed boxes have identical database layouts. I'm looking for a solution that would allow for a few things. I realize some of these options overlap and some might only contain mutually exclusive solutions. However, I'm interested to hear your thoughts :) Remotely query the deployed boxes and pull the results back to the homebase box for processing. Nightly (remote) "sync" or dump the deployed boxes' databases to a master database on the homebase box. Remotely push a table entry to all of the deployed boxes from the homebase box. Ensure security of data in transit, and remotely deployed boxes. Up to this point I've been floating on a homebrew multithreaded python/perl system that SSH's into these boxes remotely, which are ACL'ed off to the homebase server and pulls (or pushes) the raw query results over the ssh connection. I have even touched #2 (remote syncing) as I know that would get nasty really quick. I'm interested in any ideas for a more elegant solution that can scale up and stick to my FreeBSD/Linux environment.

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DNS caching server config problem

- by Alex

I have a Bind DNS caching-only server setup that is working. I am bringing up a new AD domain controller that will also be a DNS server for that AD but I don't want it responding to any DNS queries except those that are AD related. So, my goal is to leave this caching server as the primary DNS server for stations on the network and have it forward requests for the AD domain to the domain controller. My understanding is that I just need a forward zone for that domain pointing to the domain controller. However it does not seem to be working. So that leaves me to think that my caching server is not forwarding properly. For example, this AD is going to have a naming convention of hostname.mydomain.local. If I do an nslookup and specify the domain controller's IP address as the server, I can query addresses that exist in DNS on that server, such as dc1.mydomain.local. However, queries to my caching server times out (I get a response from the caching server if I query mydomain.local but none of the objects in that domain). Any suggestions? Here is my named.conf file: options { directory "/var/named"; listen-on { 192.168.0.14; 127.0.0.1; }; forwarders { ; ; }; forward first; }; zone "." in { type hint; file "db.cache"; }; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" in { type master; file "db.127.0.0"; }; //forward zone for mydomain.local zone "mydomain.local" { type forward; forwarders { 192.168.1.21; }; };

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Computer not finding hard drives on boot -sometimes-

- by todd.pund

Computer specs: Mobo: Gigabyte ultradurable 3 - GA-970A-UD3 Processor: First gen I7 3.2GHZ Ram: 8GB Kingston DDR3 1066 Video Card: EVGA NVidia GTX 460 1GB Hard Drive: 500MB 7200rpm x2 (can't remember brand, sorry I'm at work.) Last week my developer preview for Windows 8 ran out so I put my copy of windows 7 back on the computer. The computer at that point started suffering from frequent freezing and crashing. When I rebooted the computer sometimes it wouldn't find the system HD at all. When I looked at the post screen it seemed to show that it wasn't finding either of the HDs. Then yesterday when turning on the computer I just got GRUB as a message (not a GRUB prompt, just GRUB) I haven't had a dual boot of Linux for at least a year. I loaded windows 7 recovery console from the disk and ran: bootrec /fixboot bootrec /fixmbr Which did not help. At that point I just installed Ubuntu 13.04 over the windows 7 install and still received the GRUB post. I went into the BIOS and switched the Hard Drive priorities and then it loaded into Ubuntu fine. For several days everything was just hunky dory until I installed the Ubuntu version of Steam, install Portal and tried to run it. At that point the computer froze and after hard rebooting couldn't find the hard disks again. Then after restarting the system it loaded up fine again and no issues since. (I have not tried to launch portal again). My next thought is to remove the system hard drive and try to use the secondary as the master to see if the primary HD is bad. I'm sorry if this has been confusing, I'll answer any questions I can. Any thoughts?

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Dovecot starting and running, but not listening on any port

- by Dženis Macanovic

Among others things I'm in charge of a Debian GNU/Linux (Wheezy) DomU for the mail services of the company i work for. Yesterday one HDD that was used for this particular server has died. After installing Debian again, Dovecot decided to no longer listen on any ports (checked with netstat -l). Other services (like Postfix and MySQL) work without problems. dovecot -n: # 2.1.7: /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf # OS: Linux 3.2.0-3-amd64 x86_64 Debian wheezy/sid ext3 auth_mechanisms = plain login disable_plaintext_auth = no first_valid_uid = 150 last_valid_uid = 150 mail_gid = mail mail_location = maildir:/var/vmail/%d/%n mail_uid = vmail namespace inbox { inbox = yes location = prefix = } pass db { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext driver = sql } plugin { sieve = ~/.dovecot.sieve sieve_dir = ~/sieve } service auth { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { group = postfix mode = 0660 user = postfix } unix_listener auth-userdb { group = mail mode = 0666 user = vmail } } service imap-login { inet_listener imaps { port = 993 ssl = yes } } service pop3-login { inet_listener pop3s { port = 995 ssl = yes } } ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/private/mail.crt ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/mail.key userdb { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext driver = sql } protocol imap { mail_max_userip_connections = 25 } UID 150 is vmail (I double checked file permissions). I didn't install Dovecot from source, but via apt from the official Debian US mirror. There are no messages concerning Dovecot in /var/log/syslog except for: Oct 21 06:36:29 server dovecot: master: Dovecot v2.1.7 starting up (core dumps disabled) Any ideas?

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Glassfish and SSL [closed]

- by Richard

I'm struggling to get SSL working on Glassfish 3.1.1. I've been following tutorials like http://javadude.wordpress.com/2010/04/06/getting-started-with-glassfish-v3-and-ssl/ and SO posts like this Issues with setting up SSL on Glassfish v3 The above links are for information only. I've summarised what I've done below. As far as I can tell I'm doing everything correctly but I'm getting this error: SSL configuration is invalid due to No available certificate or key corresponds to the SSL cipher suites which are enabled Some background of what I have done: My cert is from GoDaddy. I generated the CSR from a new keystore (keystore.jks), then imported the resulting certs back into the same keystore and set the keystore password to the same pwd as the GF master password. Then created a new SSL listener in GF and pointed it at my keystore file (which I copied into domains/domain1/config). Set the Nickname to the alias of my cert (which is something liem 'mydomain.org' i.e. the name that I get when I run keytool -list. In my ciphers section in the network listeners page, I leave the defaults in place (empty, which means all ciphers are available I think). In domain.xml I've replaced all instances of s1as to 'mydomain.org'. This is the question: What exactly is causing the error highlighted? I'm guessing it's a mismatch between my listener config and aliases in my keystore, or something similar, but I'm not really sure what. Thanks

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Cannot connect to MySQL on RDS (Amazon Web Services) from my laptop

- by Bruno Reis

I'm having some trouble connecting to a MySQL 5.1 server on an RDS instance on AWS from my laptop. The detailed description of the problem is here: https://forums.aws.amazon.com/thread.jspa?messageID=323397 In short: I have 2 MySQL servers, both with the same db configuration and firewall (security group) configuration. One of them works fine: I can connect to it from my EC2 instances (ie, from inside the AWS cloud) and from my laptop. The other one doesn't: I can connect from my EC2 instances but not from my laptop. The symptom: a connection attempt from my laptop just hangs, and then times out, as if there was a firewall blocking me (ie, silently dropping my SYN packets). I must say that everything has been working fine for a very long time, and this problem began suddenly, 3 days ago, without any modifications to DB parameters or the security groups. My current analysis of the situation: The firewall (ie, security group) cannot be the problem: both MySQL servers share the same firewall configuration -- I can connect to one of them but not to the other. Later on, I even added a rule to allow inbound connections from 0.0.0.0/0 (ie, I turned off the firewall), and nothing. Oh, I also created a new, fresh security group and changed this instance's SG to the new one (to which I first added my ip address, and then 0.0.0.0/0) but still nothing. The credentials cannot be the problem: I use the same from my laptop and from my EC2 instances -- and the user (which is what Amazon calls master user), in the database, has a host of '%'. MySQL is not blocking my IP due to, say, too many failed connection attemps: I've FLUSH HOSTS on the database, and also I tried to connect using many different source IP addresses, even from all around the world through a VPN proxy service. What could I be missing? I'm asking here because it's been about 36 hours since I've posted on AWS forums but got no answer at all over there... someone here might have a solution! Any input is really appreciated, I'm out of ideas. Thanks!

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