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• Finding the Reachability Count for all vertices of a DAG

  - by ChrisH

  I am trying to find a fast algorithm with modest space requirements to solve the following problem. For each vertex of a DAG find the sum of its in-degree and out-degree in the DAG's transitive closure. Given this DAG: I expect the following result: Vertex # Reacability Count Reachable Vertices in closure 7 5 (11, 8, 2, 9, 10) 5 4 (11, 2, 9, 10) 3 3 (8, 9, 10) 11 5 (7, 5, 2, 9, 10) 8 3 (7, 3, 9) 2 3 (7, 5, 11) 9 5 (7, 5, 11, 8, 3) 10 4 (7, 5, 11, 3) It seems to me that this should be possible without actually constructing the transitive closure. I haven't been able to find anything on the net that exactly describes this problem. I've got some ideas about how to do this, but I wanted to see what the SO crowd could come up with.

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• Calculate shortest path through a grocery store

  - by Bart

  Hi, I'm trying to find a way to find the shortest path through a grocery store, visiting a list of locations (shopping list). The path should start at a specified startposition and can end at multiple endpositions (there are multiple checkout counters). Also, I have some predefined constraints on the path, such as "item x on the shopping list needs to be the last, second last, or third last item on the path". There is a function that will return true or false for a given path. Finally, this needs to be calculated with limited cpu power (on a smartphone) and within a second or so. If this isn't possible, then an approximation to the optimal path is also ok. Is this possible? So far I think I need to start by calculating the distance between every item on the list using something like A* or Dijkstra's. After that, should I treat it like the travelling salesman problem? Because in my problem there is a specified startnode, specified endnodes, and some constraints, which are not in the travelling salesman problem. Any help would be appreciated :)

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• Finding all cycles in graph

  - by nexeww

  How can I find (iterate over) ALL the cycles in a directed graph from/to a given node? For example, I want something like this: A->B->A A->B->C->A but not: B-C-B

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• How to create a custom ADO Multi Dimensional Catalog with no database

  - by Alan Clark

  Does anyone know of an example of how to dynamically define and build ADO MD (ActiveX Data Objects Multidimensional) catalogs and cube definitions with a set of data other than a database? Background: we have a huge amount of data in our application that we export to a database and then query using the usual SQL joins, groups, sums etc to produce reports. The data in the application is originally in objects and arrays. The problem is the amount of data is so large the export can take 2 hours. So I am trying to figure out a good way of querying the objects in memory, either by a custom OLAP algorithm or library, or ADO MD. But I haven't been able to find an example of using ADO MD without a database behind it. We are using Delphi 2010 so would use ADO ActiveX but I imagine the ADO.NET MD is similar. I realize that if the application data was already stored in a database the problem would solve itself. Also if Delphi had LINQ capability I could query the objects and arrays that way.

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• client-server syncing methodology [theoretical]

  - by Kenneth Ballenegger

  I'm in the progress of building an web-app that syncs with an iOS client. I'm currently tackling trying to figure out how to go about about syncing. I've come up with following two directions: I've got a fairly simple server web-app with a list of items. They are ordered by date modified and as such syncing the order does not matter. One direction I'm considering is to let the client deal with syncing. I've already got an API that lets the client get the data, as well as do certain actions on it, such as update, add or remove single items. I was considering: 1) on each sync asking the server for all items modified since the last successful sync and updating the local records based on what's returned by the server, and 2) building a persistent queue of create / remove / update requests on the client, and keeping them until confirmation by the server. The risk with this approach is that I'm basically asking each side to send changes to the other side, hoping it works smoothly, but risking a diversion at some point. This would probably be more bandwidth-efficient, though. The other direction I was considering was a more traditional model. I would have a "sync" process in which the client would send its whole list to the server (or a subset since last modified sync), the server would update the data on the server (by fixing conflicts by keeping the last modified item, and keeping deleted items with a deleted = 1 field), and the server would return an updated list of items (since last successful sync) which the client would then replace its data with. Thoughts?

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• C# .net -> SQLite error: Unable to open the database file

  - by CODe

  Hello all, I'm getting "System.Data.SQLite.SQLiteException: Unable to open the database file." when I attempt to access the database to save a record upon the "first" opening of my program. Here's the thing, it works fine when debugging locally in Visual Studio, but stops working when I package the program in an installer, and then install the program somewhere. I was guessing that it was the location of the database, which I just have set at database.s3db without a path, because it is stored next to the program's exe, but how could that cause problems? I'm at a loss, any further ideas or suggestions for solving this problem would be greatly appreciated.

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• What hash function yields the shortest output?

  - by luvieere

  What is the shortest hash that can be obtained and why? What happens if you try to achieve a shorter one, is there a fixed limit or does it depend on the length of the hashed data and why?

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• Unit Test to Run .sql script to SQL Create Database

  - by Lee Englestone

  Can anyone point me in the direction of how I could get a NUnit test to run a .sql file to Create / Setup a database. I know about the the TestFixtureSetUp and TestFixtureTearDown attributes / methods in NUnit. So I KNOW how to call methods before and after all or each unit tests. I'm just unsure of how to load and execute the contents of a .sql file agains a SQL Server 2005 database programatically. Any examples? This is part of our TDD / CI. We are wanting to create the database before and tear down the database after executing unit tests. Cheers, -- Lee

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• 3d symmetry search algorithm

  - by aaa

  this may be more appropriate for math overflow, but nevertheless: Given 3d structure (for example molecule), what is a good approach/algorithm to find symmetry (rotational/reflection/inversion/etc.)? I came up with brute force naive algorithm, but it seems there should be better approach. I am not so much interested in genetic algorithms as I would like best symmetry rather then almost the best symmetry link to website/paper would be great. thanks

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• Using Excel as front end to Access database (with VBA)

  - by Alex

  I am building a small application for a friend and they'd like to be able to use Excel as the front end. (the UI will basically be userforms in Excel). They have a bunch of data in Excel that they would like to be able to query but I do not want to use excel as a database as I don't think it is fit for that purpose and am considering using Access. [BTW, I know Access has its shortcomings but there is zero budget available and Access already on friend's PC] To summarise, I am considering dumping a bunch of data into Access and then using Excel as a front end to query the database and display results in a userform style environment. Questions: How easy is it to link to Access from Excel using ADO / DAO? Is it quite limited in terms of functionality or can I get creative? Do I pay a performance penalty (vs.using forms in Access as the UI)? Assuming that the database will always be updated using ADO / DAO commands from within Excel VBA, does that mean I can have multiple Excel users using that one single Access database and not run into any concurrency issues etc.? Any other things I should be aware of? I have strong Excel VBA skills and think I can overcome Access VBA quite quickly but never really done Excel / Access link before. I could shoehorn the data into Excel and use as a quasi-database but that just seems more pain than it is worth (and not a robust long term solution) Any advice appreciated. Alex

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• Complex behavior generated by simple computation

  - by Yuval A

  Stephen Wolfram gave a fascinating talk at TED about his work with Mathematica and Wolfram Alpha. Amongst other things, he pointed out how very simple computations can yield extremely complex behaviors. (He goes on to discuss his ambition for computing the entire physical universe. Say what you will, you gotta give the guy some credit for his wild ideas...) As an example he showed several cellular automata. What other examples of simple computations do you know of that yield fascinating results?

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• Provable planarity of flowcharts

  - by Nikolaos Kavvadias

  Hi all I have a question: is there any reference (e.g. paper) with a proof of the planarity of flowchart layouts? Can anyone suggest an algorithm for generating flowchart (planar) layouts? I know that there are some code-to-flowchart tools out there, but i'm unaware of their internals. Thanks in advance -kavi

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• How to draw a graph in LaTeX?

  - by Amir Rachum

  First of all, let me say I'm using LyX, though I have no problem using ERT. Secondly, what is the most simplest way to draw a simple graph like this in Latex? I've seen some documents with graphs and I've seen some examples, but I couldn't figure out how to just draw a simple graph - what packages do I need, etc?

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• How to minimize total cost of shortest path tree

  - by Michael

  I have a directed acyclic graph with positive edge-weights. It has a single source and a set of targets (vertices furthest from the source). I find the shortest paths from the source to each target. Some of these paths overlap. What I want is a shortest path tree which minimizes the total sum of weights over all edges. For example, consider two of the targets. Given all edge weights equal, if they share a single shortest path for most of their length, then that is preferable to two mostly non-overlapping shortest paths (fewer edges in the tree equals lower overall cost). Another example: two paths are non-overlapping for a small part of their length, with high cost for the non-overlapping paths, but low cost for the long shared path (low combined cost). On the other hand, two paths are non-overlapping for most of their length, with low costs for the non-overlapping paths, but high cost for the short shared path (also, low combined cost). There are many combinations. I want to find solutions with the lowest overall cost, given all the shortest paths from source to target. Does this ring any bells with anyone? Can anyone point me to relevant algorithms or analogous applications? Cheers!

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• A minimum spanning tree / shortest path in a directed graph

  - by mvid

  Given a directed graph with weighted edges, what algorithm can be used to give a sub-graph that has minimum weight, but allows movement from any vertex to any other vertex in the graph (under the assumption that paths between any two vertices always exist). Does such an algorithm exist?

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• Why are lists useful?

  - by David

  What would you use a list for that you couldn't use an array of objects for?

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• Can Haskell's Parsec library be used to implement a recursive descent parser with backup?

  - by Thor Thurn

  I've been considering using Haskell's Parsec parsing library to parse a subset of Java as a recursive descent parser as an alternative to more traditional parser-generator solutions like Happy. Parsec seems very easy to use, and parse speed is definitely not a factor for me. I'm wondering, though, if it's possible to implement "backup" with Parsec, a technique which finds the correct production to use by trying each one in turn. For a simple example, consider the very start of the JLS Java grammar: Literal: IntegerLiteral FloatingPointLiteral I'd like a way to not have to figure out how I should order these two rules to get the parse to succeed. As it stands, a naive implementation like this: literal = do { x <- try (do { v <- integer; return (IntLiteral v)}) <|> (do { v <- float; return (FPLiteral v)}); return(Literal x) } Will not work... inputs like "15.2" will cause the integer parser to succeed first, and then the whole thing will choke on the "." symbol. In this case, of course, it's obvious that you can solve the problem by re-ordering the two productions. In the general case, though, finding things like this is going to be a nightmare, and it's very likely that I'll miss some cases. Ideally, I'd like a way to have Parsec figure out stuff like this for me. Is this possible, or am I simply trying to do too much with the library? The Parsec documentation claims that it can "parse context-sensitive, infinite look-ahead grammars", so it seems like something like I should be able to do something here.

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• Checking if MySQL Database data does not exist

  - by Ben Sinclair

  I have my songs set-up in my MySQL database. Each song is is either assigned multiple locations or has no locations at all. Only the songs that either have no locations assigned in the database or have the location assigned to the ones specified below should be pulled from the database. Hopefully when you understand my query below it will make sense SELECT s.* FROM roster_songs AS s LEFT JOIN roster_songs_locations AS sl ON sl.song_id = s.id WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT sl2.* FROM roster_songs_locations AS sl2 WHERE s.id != sl2.song_id ) OR ( sl.location_id = '88fb5f94-aaa6-102c-a4fa-1f05bca0eec6' OR sl.location_id = '930555b0-a251-102c-a245-1559817ce81a' ) GROUP BY s.id The query almost works except it pulls out of the database songs that are assigned to sl.location_id's that aren't specified in the above query. I think it has something to do with my EXISTS code picking them up... Any ideas how I can get this to work?

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• Is information a subset of data?

  - by Jason Baker

  I apologize as I don't know whether this is more of a math question that belongs on mathoverflow or if it's a computer science question that belongs here. That said, I believe I understand the fundamental difference between data, information, and knowledge. My understanding is that information carries both data and meaning. One thing that I'm not clear on is whether information is data. Is information considered a special kind of data, or is it something completely different?

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• Find all cycles in graph, redux

  - by Shadow

  Hi, I know there are a quite some answers existing on this question. However, I found none of them really bringing it to the point. Some argue that a cycle is (almost) the same as a strongly connected components (s. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/546655/finding-all-cycles-in-graph/549402#549402) , so one could use algorithms designed for that goal. Some argue that finding a cycle can be done via DFS and checking for back-edges (s. boost graph documentation on file dependencies). I now would like to have some suggestions on whether all cycles in a graph can be detected via DFS and checking for back-edges? My opinion is that it indeed could work that way as DFS-VISIT (s. pseudocode of DFS) freshly enters each node that was not yet visited. In that sense, each vertex exhibits a potential start of a cycle. Additionally, as DFS visits each edge once, each edge leading to the starting point of a cycle is also covered. Thus, by using DFS and back-edge checking it should indeed be possible to detect all cycles in a graph. Note that, if cycles with different numbers of participant nodes exist (e.g. triangles, rectangles etc.), additional work has to be done to discriminate the acutal "shape" of each cycle.

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• Find all complete sub-graphs within a graph

  - by mvid

  Is there a known algorithm or method to find all complete sub-graphs within a graph? I have an undirected, unweighted graph and I need to find all subgraphs within it where each node in the subgraph is connected to each other node in the subgraph. Is there an existing algorithm for this?

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• How do you classify languages into regular, context free, and phrase-structure?

  - by confused

  If you're given a language, how do you figure out if it's regular, CF but not regular, or phrase-structure but not CF? Is there a good way to attack this problem? I could randomly try to make FAs or PDAs, but I feel like there's a better way to do it. Classic example: L = { a^n b^n c^n | n = 0 } Where would one start? Thanks.

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• What are logical and path queries

  - by NomeN

  I'm reading a paper which mentions that a language for refactoring has three specific requirements. functional features (like ML) logical queries (like Datalog) path queries (like Datalog) I know what they mean by functional features, but I'm not totally clear on the latter two and can't find a clear explanation either. Although I have a good idea after what I could find on the subjects, I need to be sure so here goes: Could the SO-community please clearly explain to me what logical queries and path queries are? Or at the very least what the people from the paper meant?

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• Computationally simple Pseudo-Gaussian Distribution with varying mean and standard deviation?

  - by mstksg

  This picture from wikipedia has a nice example of the sort of functions I'd ideally like to generate http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Normal_Distribution_PDF.svg Right now I'm using the Irwin-Hall Distribution, which is more or less a Polynomial approximation of the Gaussian distribution...basically, you use uniform random number generator and iterate it x times, and take the average. The more iterations, the more like a Gaussian Distribution it is. It's pretty nice; however I'd like to be able to have one where I can vary the mean. For example, let's say I wanted a number between the range 0 and 10, but around 7. Like, the mean (if I repeated this function multiple times) would turn out to be 7, but the actual range is 0-10. Is there one I should look up, or should I work on doing some fancy maths with standard Gaussian Distributions?

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• Need to find latitude and longitude of postcodes and store into my database

  - by Matt

  Hey guys, Ive got a database full of UK Postcodes, now i'd like to be able to store the latitude and longitude of these specific postcodes along with the record with the database. Is there anyway that i can obtain this data free without violating any T&C's? I know i could do this using google maps api for each postcode, but i have way over 20,000 postcodes in this database and to get the lat and lng for each of these postcodes each time is not an option really. Thanks in advance, M

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