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  • Python: finding lowest integer

    - by sarah
    I have the following code: l = ['-1.2', '0.0', '1'] x = 100.0 for i in l: if i < x: x = i print x The code should find the lowest value in my list (-1.2) but instead when i print 'x' it finds the value is still 100.0 Where is my code going wrong?

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  • Regex optional match in python fails

    - by AaronG
    tickettypepat = (r'MIS Notes:.**(//p//)?.**') retype = re.search(tickettypepat,line) if retype: print retype.group(0) print retype.group(1) Given the input. MIS Notes: //p// Can anyone tell me why group(0) is MIS Notes: //p// and group(1) is returning as None?

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  • how do i edit a running python program?

    - by Jeremiah Rose
    scenario: a modular app that loads .py modules on the fly as it works. programmer (me) wishes to edit the code of a module and and then re-load it into the program without halting execution. can this be done? i have tried running import a second time on an updated module.py, but the changes are not picked up

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  • Reading HTTP server push streams with Python

    - by Sam
    I'm playing around trying to write a client for a site which provides data as an HTTP stream (aka HTTP server push). However, urllib2.urlopen() grabs the stream in its current state and then closes the connection. I tried skipping urllib2 and using httplib directly, but this seems to have the same behaviour. Is there a way to get the stream to stay open, so it can be checked each program loop for new contents, rather than waiting for the whole thing to be redownloaded every few seconds, introducing lag?

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  • Generate a table of contents from HTML with Python

    - by Oli
    I'm trying to generate a table of contents from a block of HTML (not a complete file - just content) based on its <h2> and <h3> tags. My plan so far was to: Extract a list of headers using beautifulsoup Use a regex on the content to place anchor links before/inside the header tags (so the user can click on the table of contents) -- There might be a method for replacing inside beautifulsoup? Output a nested list of links to the headers in a predefined spot. It sounds easy when I say it like that, but it's proving to be a bit of a pain in the rear. Is there something out there that does all this for me in one go so I don't waste the next couple of hours reinventing the wheel? A example: <p>This is an introduction</p> <h2>This is a sub-header</h2> <p>...</p> <h3>This is a sub-sub-header</h3> <p>...</p> <h2>This is a sub-header</h2> <p>...</p>

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  • `strip`ing the results of a split in python

    - by Igor
    i'm trying to do something pretty simple: line = "name : bob" k, v = line.lower().split(':') k = k.strip() v = v.strip() is there a way to combine this into one line somehow? i found myself writing this over and over again when making parsers, and sometimes this involves way more than just two variables. i know i can use regexp, but this is simple enough to not really have to require it...

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  • fit a ellipse in Python given a set of points xi=(xi,yi)

    - by Gianni
    I am computing a series of index from a 2D points (x,y). One index is the ratio between minor and major axis. To fit the ellipse i am using the following post when i run these function the final results looks strange because the center and the axis length are not in scale with the 2D points center = [ 560415.53298363+0.j 6368878.84576771+0.j] angle of rotation = (-0.0528033467597-5.55111512313e-17j) axes = [0.00000000-557.21553487j 6817.76933256 +0.j] thanks in advance for help import numpy as np from numpy.linalg import eig, inv def fitEllipse(x,y): x = x[:,np.newaxis] y = y[:,np.newaxis] D = np.hstack((x*x, x*y, y*y, x, y, np.ones_like(x))) S = np.dot(D.T,D) C = np.zeros([6,6]) C[0,2] = C[2,0] = 2; C[1,1] = -1 E, V = eig(np.dot(inv(S), C)) n = np.argmax(np.abs(E)) a = V[:,n] return a def ellipse_center(a): b,c,d,f,g,a = a[1]/2, a[2], a[3]/2, a[4]/2, a[5], a[0] num = b*b-a*c x0=(c*d-b*f)/num y0=(a*f-b*d)/num return np.array([x0,y0]) def ellipse_angle_of_rotation( a ): b,c,d,f,g,a = a[1]/2, a[2], a[3]/2, a[4]/2, a[5], a[0] return 0.5*np.arctan(2*b/(a-c)) def ellipse_axis_length( a ): b,c,d,f,g,a = a[1]/2, a[2], a[3]/2, a[4]/2, a[5], a[0] up = 2*(a*f*f+c*d*d+g*b*b-2*b*d*f-a*c*g) down1=(b*b-a*c)*( (c-a)*np.sqrt(1+4*b*b/((a-c)*(a-c)))-(c+a)) down2=(b*b-a*c)*( (a-c)*np.sqrt(1+4*b*b/((a-c)*(a-c)))-(c+a)) res1=np.sqrt(up/down1) res2=np.sqrt(up/down2) return np.array([res1, res2]) if __name__ == '__main__': points = [(560036.4495758876, 6362071.890493258), (560036.4495758876, 6362070.890493258), (560036.9495758876, 6362070.890493258), (560036.9495758876, 6362070.390493258), (560037.4495758876, 6362070.390493258), (560037.4495758876, 6362064.890493258), (560036.4495758876, 6362064.890493258), (560036.4495758876, 6362063.390493258), (560035.4495758876, 6362063.390493258), (560035.4495758876, 6362062.390493258), (560034.9495758876, 6362062.390493258), (560034.9495758876, 6362061.390493258), (560032.9495758876, 6362061.390493258), (560032.9495758876, 6362061.890493258), (560030.4495758876, 6362061.890493258), (560030.4495758876, 6362061.390493258), (560029.9495758876, 6362061.390493258), (560029.9495758876, 6362060.390493258), (560029.4495758876, 6362060.390493258), (560029.4495758876, 6362059.890493258), (560028.9495758876, 6362059.890493258), (560028.9495758876, 6362059.390493258), (560028.4495758876, 6362059.390493258), (560028.4495758876, 6362058.890493258), (560027.4495758876, 6362058.890493258), (560027.4495758876, 6362058.390493258), (560026.9495758876, 6362058.390493258), (560026.9495758876, 6362057.890493258), (560025.4495758876, 6362057.890493258), (560025.4495758876, 6362057.390493258), (560023.4495758876, 6362057.390493258), (560023.4495758876, 6362060.390493258), (560023.9495758876, 6362060.390493258), (560023.9495758876, 6362061.890493258), (560024.4495758876, 6362061.890493258), (560024.4495758876, 6362063.390493258), (560024.9495758876, 6362063.390493258), (560024.9495758876, 6362064.390493258), (560025.4495758876, 6362064.390493258), (560025.4495758876, 6362065.390493258), (560025.9495758876, 6362065.390493258), (560025.9495758876, 6362065.890493258), (560026.4495758876, 6362065.890493258), (560026.4495758876, 6362066.890493258), (560026.9495758876, 6362066.890493258), (560026.9495758876, 6362068.390493258), (560027.4495758876, 6362068.390493258), (560027.4495758876, 6362068.890493258), (560027.9495758876, 6362068.890493258), (560027.9495758876, 6362069.390493258), (560028.4495758876, 6362069.390493258), (560028.4495758876, 6362069.890493258), (560033.4495758876, 6362069.890493258), (560033.4495758876, 6362070.390493258), (560033.9495758876, 6362070.390493258), (560033.9495758876, 6362070.890493258), (560034.4495758876, 6362070.890493258), (560034.4495758876, 6362071.390493258), (560034.9495758876, 6362071.390493258), (560034.9495758876, 6362071.890493258), (560036.4495758876, 6362071.890493258)] a_points = np.array(points) x = a_points[:, 0] y = a_points[:, 1] from pylab import * plot(x,y) show() a = fitEllipse(x,y) center = ellipse_center(a) phi = ellipse_angle_of_rotation(a) axes = ellipse_axis_length(a) print "center = ", center print "angle of rotation = ", phi print "axes = ", axes from pylab import * plot(x,y) plot(center[0:1],center[1:], color = 'red') show() each vertex is a xi,y,i point plot of 2D point and center of fit ellipse

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  • Python Threading

    - by anteater7171
    I'm trying to make a simple program that continually displays and updates a label that displays the CPU usage, while having other unrelated things going on. I've done enough research to know that threading is likely going to be involved. However, I'm having trouble applying what I've seen in simple examples of threading to what I'm trying to do. What I currently have going: import Tkinter import psutil,time from PIL import Image, ImageTk class simpleapp_tk(Tkinter.Tk): def __init__(self,parent): Tkinter.Tk.__init__(self,parent) self.parent = parent self.initialize() def initialize(self): self.labelVariable = Tkinter.StringVar() self.label = Tkinter.Label(self,textvariable=self.labelVariable) self.label.pack() self.button = Tkinter.Button(self,text='button',command=self.A) self.button.pack() def A (self): G = str(round(psutil.cpu_percent(), 1)) + '%' print G self.labelVariable.set(G) def B (self): print "hello" if __name__ == "__main__": app = simpleapp_tk(None) app.mainloop() In the above code I'm basically trying to get command A continually running, while allowing command B to be done when the users presses the button.

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  • Multiple levels of 'collection.defaultdict' in Python

    - by Morlock
    Thanks to some great folks on SO, I discovered the possibilities offered by collections.defaultdict, notably in readability and speed. I have put them to use with success. Now I would like to implement three levels of dictionaries, the two top ones being defaultdict and the lowest one being int. I don't find the appropriate way to do this. Here is my attempt: from collections import defaultdict d = defaultdict(defaultdict) a = [("key1", {"a1":22, "a2":33}), ("key2", {"a1":32, "a2":55}), ("key3", {"a1":43, "a2":44})] for i in a: d[i[0]] = i[1] Now this works, but the following, which is the desired behavior, doesn't: d["key4"]["a1"] + 1 I suspect that I should have declared somewhere that the second level defaultdict is of type int, but I didn't find where or how to do so. The reason I am using defaultdict in the first place is to avoid having to initialize the dictionary for each new key. Any more elegant suggestion? Thanks pythoneers!

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  • Recognizing language of a short text? - Python

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, I'm have a list of articles, each article has its own title and description. Unfortunately, from the sources I am using, there is no way to know what language they are written. Also, text is not entirely written in 1 language; almost always English words are present. I reckon I would need dictionary databases stored on my machine, but it feels a bit unpractical. What would you suggest I do?

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  • python unittest howto

    - by zubin71
    I`d like to know how I could unit-test the following module. def download_distribution(url, tempdir): """ Method which downloads the distribution from PyPI """ print "Attempting to download from %s" % (url,) try: url_handler = urllib2.urlopen(url) distribution_contents = url_handler.read() url_handler.close() filename = get_file_name(url) file_handler = open(os.path.join(tempdir, filename), "w") file_handler.write(distribution_contents) file_handler.close() return True except ValueError, IOError: return False

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  • wx Python is not properly drawing customtree items

    - by uberjumper
    Hi, I am currently using wx.CustomTree, to use to display a series of configuration settings. I generally fill them with wx.TextCtrl / wx.Combobox, to allow the user to edit / enter stuff. Here is my code: class ConfigTree(CT.CustomTreeCtrl): """ Holds all non gui drawing panel stuff """ def __init__(self, parent): CT.CustomTreeCtrl.__init__(self, parent, id = common.ID_CONTROL_SETTINGS, style = wx.TR_DEFAULT_STYLE | wx.TR_HAS_BUTTONS | wx.TR_HAS_VARIABLE_ROW_HEIGHT | wx.TR_SINGLE) #self.HideWindows() #self.RefreshSubtree(self.root) self.population_size_ctrl = None self.SetSizeHints(350, common.FRAME_SIZE[1]) self.root = self.AddRoot("Configuration Settings") child = self.AppendItem(self.root, "Foo", wnd=wx.TextCtrl(self, wx.ID_ANY, "Lots Of Muffins")) The problem is, any children nodes, the data for these nodes is not filled in. When i basically expand the configuration settings tree node. I see the "Foo" node, however the textbox is empty. This is the same for both text node, Until i actually click on the child node. I've looked tried every form of update / etc. Does anyone have any ideas?

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  • How should I use random.jumpahead in Python

    - by Peter Smit
    I have a application that does a certain experiment 1000 times (multi-threaded, so that multiple experiments are done at the same time). Every experiment needs appr. 50.000 random.random() calls. What is the best approach to get this really random. I could copy a random object to every experiment and do than a jumpahead of 50.000 * expid. The documentation suggests that jumpahead(1) already scrambles the state, but is that really true? Or is there another way to do this in 'the best way'? (No, the random numbers are not used for security, but for a metropolis hasting algorithm. The only requirement is that the experiments are independent, not whether the random sequence is somehow predictable or so)

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  • Flatten (an irregular) list of lists in Python

    - by telliott99
    Yes, I know this subject has been covered before (here, here, here, here), but AFAIK, all solutions save one choke on a list like this: L = [[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5]], 6] where the desired output is [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] or perhaps even better, an iterator. The only solution I saw that works for an arbitrary nesting is from @Alabaster Codify here: def flatten(x): result = [] for el in x: if hasattr(el, "__iter__") and not isinstance(el, basestring): result.extend(flatten(el)) else: result.append(el) return result flatten(L) So to my question: is this the best model? Did I overlook something? Any problems?

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  • writing header in csv python with DictWriter

    - by user248237
    assume I have a csv.DictReader object and I want to write it out as a csv file. How can I do this? I thought of the following: dr = csv.DictReader(open(f), delimiter='\t') # process my dr object # ... # write out object output = csv.DictWriter(open(f2, 'w'), delimiter='\t') for item in dr: output.writerow(item) Is that the best way? More importantly, how can I make it so a header is written out too, in this case the object "dr"s .fieldnames property? thanks.

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  • python gio waiting for async operations to be done

    - by pygabriel
    I have to mount a WebDav location and wait for the operation to be finished before to proceed (it's a script). So I'm using the library in this way: location = gio.File("dav://server.bb") location.mount_enclosing_volume(*args,**kw) # The setup is not much relevant location.get_path() # Returns None because it's not yet mounted since the call is async How to wait until the device is mounted?

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  • Python re.IGNORECASE being dynamic

    - by Adam Nelson
    I'd like to do something like this: re.findall(r"(?:(?:\A|\W)" + 'Hello' + r"(?:\Z|\W))", 'hello world',re.I) And have re.I be dynamic, so I can do case-sensitive or insensitive comparisons on the fly. This works but is undocumented: re.findall(r"(?:(?:\A|\W)" + 'Hello' + r"(?:\Z|\W))", 'hello world',1) To set it to sensitive. Is there a Pythonic way to do this? My best thought so far is: if case_sensitive: regex_senstive = 1 else: regex_sensitive = re.I re.findall(r"(?:(?:\A|\W)" + 'Hello' + r"(?:\Z|\W))", 'hello world',regex_sensitive)

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  • Retrieving text from password field [python][pyqt4]

    - by Dr. Johnson
    def welcomeStage (self): self.test = QtGui.QLineEdit (self) self.test.move (50, 150) QtCore.QObject.connect (self.test, QtCore.SIGNAL ('returnPressed()'), self.passwordStage) def passwordStage (self): self.email = self.test.text() self.test.clear() self.test.setEchoMode (QtGui.QLineEdit.Password) QtCore.QObject.connect (self.test, QtCore.SIGNAL ('returnPressed()'), self.loginStage) def loginStage (self): self.pwd = self.test.text() print self.pwd if len (self.pwd) < 0: welcomeStage () return Simply put, I am making a login form. The user enters their email, then the text field is cleared and echo mode is set to Password mode. The text() function returns the email fine, but when I call text() after I have changed the echo mode, it returns 0. I've been pouring over the documentation looking for anything regarding the text() function and how it operates when Password mode is on, however I have not found anything. Does anybody know how this is done?

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  • Python lambda returning None instead of empty string

    - by yoshi
    I have the following lambda function: f = lambda x: x == None and '' or x It should return an empty string if it receives None as the argument, or the argument if it's not None. For example: >>> f(4) 4 >>> f(None) >>> If I call f(None) instead of getting an empty string I get None. I printed the type of what the function returned and I got NoneType. I was expecting string. type('') returns string, so I'd like to know why the lambda doesn't return an empty string when I pass None as an argument. I'm fairly new to lambdas so I might have misunderstood some things about how they work.

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  • python decorator to modify variable in current scope

    - by AlexH
    Goal: Make a decorator which can modify the scope that it is used in. If it worked: class Blah(): # or perhaps class Blah(ParentClassWhichMakesThisPossible) def one(self): pass @decorated def two(self): pass Blah.decorated ["two"] Why? I essentially want to write classes which can maintain specific dictionaries of methods, so that I can retrieve lists of available methods of different types on a per class basis. errr..... I want to do this: class RuleClass(ParentClass): @rule def blah(self): pass @rule def kapow(self): pass def shazam(self): class OtherRuleClass(ParentClass): @rule def foo(self): pass def bar(self): pass RuleClass.rules.keys() ["blah", "kapow"] OtherRuleClass.rules.keys() ["foo"]

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