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  • Windows path in python

    - by Gareth
    Hi all. What is the best way to represent a windows directory, for example "C:\meshes\as"? I have been trying to modify a script but it never works because I can't seem to get the directory right, I assume because of the '\' acting as escape character? Thanks, Gareth

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  • Python Post Upload JPEG to Server?

    - by iJames
    It seems like this answer has been provided a bunch of times but in all of it, I'm still getting errors from the server and I'm sure it has to do with my code. I've tried HTTP, and HTTPConnection from httplib and both create quite different terminal outputs in terms of formatting/encoding so I'm not sure where the problem lies. Does anything stand out here? Or is there just a better way? Pieced together from an ancient article because I really needed to understand the basis of creating the post: http://code.activestate.com/recipes/146306-http-client-to-post-using-multipartform-data/ Note, the jpeg is supposed to be "unformatted". The pseudocode: boundary = "somerandomsetofchars" BOUNDARY = '--' + boundary CRLF = '\r\n' fields = [('aspecialkey','thevalueofthekey')] files = [('Image.Data','mypicture.jpg','/users/home/me/mypicture.jpg')] bodylines = [] for (key, value) in fields: bodylines.append(BOUNDARY) bodylines.append('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % key) bodylines.append('') bodylines.append(value) for (key, filename, fileloc) in files: bodylines.append(BOUNDARY) bodylines.append('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"; filename="%s"' % (key, filename)) bodylines.append('Content-Type: %s' % self.get_content_type(fileloc)) bodylines.append('') bodylines.append(open(fileloc,'r').read()) bodylines.append(BOUNDARY + '--') bodylines.append('') #print bodylines content_type = 'multipart/form-data; boundary=%s' % BOUNDARY body = CRLF.join(bodylines) #conn = httplib.HTTP("www.ahost.com") # In both this and below, the file part was garbling the rest of the body?!? conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("www.ahost.com") conn.putrequest('POST', "/myuploadlocation/uploadimage") headers = { 'content-length': str(len(body)), 'Content-Type' : content_type, 'User-Agent' : 'myagent' } for headerkey in headers: conn.putheader(headerkey, headers[headerkey]) conn.endheaders() conn.send(body) response = conn.getresponse() result = response.read() responseheaders = response.getheaders() It's interesting in that the real code I've implemented seems to work and is getting back valid responses, but the problem it it's telling me that it can't find the image data. Maybe this is particular to the server, but I'm just trying to rule out that I'm not doing some thing exceptionally stupid here. Or perhaps there's other methodologies for doing this more efficiently. I've not tried poster yet because I want to make sure I'm formatting the POST correctly first. I figure I can upgrade to poster after it's working yes?

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  • python, wrapping class returning the average of the wrapped members

    - by João Portela
    The title isn't very clear but I'll try to explain. Having this class: class Wrapped(object): def method_a(self): # do some operations return n def method_b(self): # also do some operations return n I wan't to have a class that performs the same way as this one: class Wrapper(object): def __init__(self): self.ws = [Wrapped(1),Wrapped(2),Wrapped(3)] def method_a(self): results=[Wrapped.method_a(w) for w in self.ws] sum_ = sum(results,0.0) average = sum_/len(self.ws) return average def method_b(self): results=[Wrapped.method_b(w) for w in self.ws] sum_ = sum(results,0.0) average = sum_/len(self.ws) return average obviously this is not the actual problem at hand (it is not only two methods), and this code is also incomplete (only included the minimum to explain the problem). So, what i am looking for is a way to obtain this behavior. Meaning, whichever method is called in the wrapper class, call that method for all the Wrapped class objects and return the average of their results. Can it be done? how? Thanks in advance. ps-didn't know which tags to include...

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  • Python Threading

    - by anteater7171
    I'm trying to make a simple program that continually displays and updates a label that displays the CPU usage, while having other unrelated things going on. I've done enough research to know that threading is likely going to be involved. However, I'm having trouble applying what I've seen in simple examples of threading to what I'm trying to do. What I currently have going: import Tkinter import psutil,time from PIL import Image, ImageTk class simpleapp_tk(Tkinter.Tk): def __init__(self,parent): Tkinter.Tk.__init__(self,parent) self.parent = parent self.initialize() def initialize(self): self.labelVariable = Tkinter.StringVar() self.label = Tkinter.Label(self,textvariable=self.labelVariable) self.label.pack() self.button = Tkinter.Button(self,text='button',command=self.A) self.button.pack() def A (self): G = str(round(psutil.cpu_percent(), 1)) + '%' print G self.labelVariable.set(G) def B (self): print "hello" if __name__ == "__main__": app = simpleapp_tk(None) app.mainloop() In the above code I'm basically trying to get command A continually running, while allowing command B to be done when the users presses the button.

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  • Please explain this python behavior

    - by StackUnderflow
    class SomeClass(object): def __init__(self, key_text_pairs = None): ..... for key, text in key_text_pairs: ...... ...... x = SomeClass([1, 2, 3]) The value of key_text_pairs inside the init is None even if I pass a list as in the above statement. Why is it so?? I want to write a generic init which can take all iterator objects... Thanks

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  • python unittest howto

    - by zubin71
    I`d like to know how I could unit-test the following module. def download_distribution(url, tempdir): """ Method which downloads the distribution from PyPI """ print "Attempting to download from %s" % (url,) try: url_handler = urllib2.urlopen(url) distribution_contents = url_handler.read() url_handler.close() filename = get_file_name(url) file_handler = open(os.path.join(tempdir, filename), "w") file_handler.write(distribution_contents) file_handler.close() return True except ValueError, IOError: return False

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  • what's faster: merging lists or dicts in python?

    - by tipu
    I'm working with an app that is cpu-bound more than memory bound, and I'm trying to merge two things whether they be sets or dicts. Now the thing is i can choose either one, but I'm wondering if merging dicts would be faster since it's all in memory? Or is it always going to be O(n), n being the size of the smaller set. The reason I asked about dicts rather than sets is because I can't convert a set to json, because that results in {key1, key2, key3} and json needs a key/value pair, so I am using a dict so json dumps returns {key1:1, key2:1, key3:1}. Yes this is wasteful, but if it proves to be faster then I'm okay with it.

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  • Reading Binary Plist files with Python

    - by Zeki Turedi
    I am currently using the Plistlib module to read Plist files but I am currently having an issue with it when it comes to Binary Plist files. I am wanting to read the data into a string to later to be analysed/printed etc. I am wondering if their is anyway of reading in a Binary Plist file without using the plutil function and converting the binary file into XML? Thank you for your help and time in advance.

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  • getting expat to use .dtd for entity replacement in python

    - by nicolas78
    I'm trying to read in an xml file which looks like this <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!DOCTYPE dblp SYSTEM "dblp.dtd"> <dblp> <incollection> <author>Jos&eacute; A. Blakeley</author> </incollection> </dblp> The point that creates the problem looks is the Jos&eacute; A. Blakeley part: The parser calls its character handler twice, once with "Jos", once with " A. Blakeley". Now I understand this may be the correct behaviour if it doesn't know the eacute entity. However, this is defined in the dblp.dtd, which I have. I don't seem to be able to convince expat to use this file, though. All I can say is p = xml.parsers.expat.ParserCreate() # tried with and without following line p.SetParamEntityParsing(xml.parsers.expat.XML_PARAM_ENTITY_PARSING_ALWAYS) p.UseForeignDTD(True) f = open(dblp_file, "r") p.ParseFile(f) but expat still doesn't recognize my entity. Why is there no way to tell expat which DTD to use? I've tried putting the file into the same directory as the XML putting the file into the program's working directory replacing the reference in the xml file by an absolute path What am I missing? Thx.

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  • Multiple levels of 'collection.defaultdict' in Python

    - by Morlock
    Thanks to some great folks on SO, I discovered the possibilities offered by collections.defaultdict, notably in readability and speed. I have put them to use with success. Now I would like to implement three levels of dictionaries, the two top ones being defaultdict and the lowest one being int. I don't find the appropriate way to do this. Here is my attempt: from collections import defaultdict d = defaultdict(defaultdict) a = [("key1", {"a1":22, "a2":33}), ("key2", {"a1":32, "a2":55}), ("key3", {"a1":43, "a2":44})] for i in a: d[i[0]] = i[1] Now this works, but the following, which is the desired behavior, doesn't: d["key4"]["a1"] + 1 I suspect that I should have declared somewhere that the second level defaultdict is of type int, but I didn't find where or how to do so. The reason I am using defaultdict in the first place is to avoid having to initialize the dictionary for each new key. Any more elegant suggestion? Thanks pythoneers!

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  • Parsing specific numeric data from csv file using python

    - by KJ Lim
    Good morning. I have series of data in cvs file like below, 1,,, 1,137.1,1198,1.6 2,159,300,0.4 3,176,253,0.3 4,197,231,0.3 5,198,525,0.7 6,199,326,0.4 7,215,183,0.2 8,217.1,178,0.2 9,244.2,416,0.5 10,245.1,316,0.4 I want to extract specific data from second column for example 217.1 and 245.1 and have them concatenated into a new file like, 8,217.1,178,0.2 10,245.1,316,0.4 I use cvs module to read my cvs file, but, I can't extract specific data as I desire. Could anyone kindly please help me. Thank you.

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  • python appengine form-posted utf8 file issue

    - by khany
    hi, i am trying to form-post a sql file that consists on many INSERTS, eg. INSERT INTO `TABLE` VALUES ('abcdé', 2759); then i use re.search to parse it and extract the fields to put into my own datastore. The problem is that, although the file contains accented characters (see the e is a é), once uploaded it loses it and either errors or stores a bytestring representation of it. Heres what i am currently using (and I have tried loads of alternatives): form = cgi.FieldStorage() uFile = form['sql'] uSql = uFile.file.read() lineX = uSql.split("\n") # to get each line and so on. has anyone got a robust way of making this work? remember i am on appengine so access to some libraries is restricted/forbidden

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  • [Python] - Getting data from external program

    - by Kenny M.
    Hey, I need a method to get the data from an external editor. def _get_content(): from subprocess import call file = open(file, "w").write(some_name) call(editor + " " + file, shell=True) file.close() file = open(file) x = file.readlines() [snip] I personally think this is a very ugly way. You see I need to interact with an external editor and get the data. Do you know any better approaches/have better ideas?

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  • FIFO dequeueing in python?

    - by Aaron Ramsey
    hello again everybody— I'm looking to make a functional (not necessarily optimally efficient, as I'm very new to programming) FIFO queue, and am having trouble with my dequeueing. My code looks like this: class QueueNode: def __init__(self, data): self.data = data self.next = None def __str__(self): return str(self.data) class Queue: def__init__(self): self.front = None self.rear = None self.size = 0 def enqueue(self, item) newnode = QueueNode(item) newnode.next = None if self.size == 0: self.front = self.rear = newnode else: self.rear = newnode self.rear.next = newnode.next self.size = self.size+1 def dequeue(self) dequeued = self.front.data del self.front self.size = self.size-1 if self.size == 0: self.rear = None print self.front #for testing if I do this, and dequeue an item, I get the error "AttributeError: Queue instance has no attribute 'front'." I guess my function doesn't properly assign the new front of the queue? I'm not sure how to fix it though. I don't really want to start from scratch, so if there's a tweak to my code that would work, I'd prefer that—I'm not trying to minimize runtime so much as just get a feel for classes and things of that nature. Thanks in advance for any help, you guys are the best.

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  • Which Python XML library should I use?

    - by PulpFiction
    Hello. I am going to handle XML files for a project. I had earlier decided to use lxml but after reading the requirements, I think ElemenTree would be better for my purpose. The XML files that have to be processed are: Small in size. Typically < 10 KB. No namespaces. Simple XML structure. Given the small XML size, memory is not an issue. My only concern is fast parsing. What should I go with? Mostly I have seen people recommend lxml, but given my parsing requirements, do I really stand to benefit from it or would ElementTree serve my purpose better?

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  • Python: Figure out local timezone

    - by Adam Matan
    I want to compare UTC timestamps from a log file with local timestamps. When creating the local datetime object, I use something like: >>> local_time=datetime.datetime(2010, 4, 27, 12, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=pytz.timezone('Israel')) I want to find an automatic tool that would replace thetzinfo=pytz.timezone('Israel') with the current local time zone. Any ideas?

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  • Help with copy and deepcopy in Python

    - by Az
    Hi there, I think I tried to ask for far too much in my previous question so apologies for that. Let me lay out my situation in as simple a manner as I can this time. Basically, I've got a bunch of dictionaries that reference my objects, which are in turn mapped using SQLAlchemy. All fine with me. However, I want to make iterative changes to the contents of those dictionaries. The problem is that doing so will change the objects they reference---and using copy.copy() does no good since it only copies the references contained within the dictionary. Thus even if copied something, when I try to, say print the contents of the dictionary, I'll only get the latest updated values for the object. This is why I wanted to use copy.deepcopy() but that does not work with SQLAlchemy. Now I'm in a dilemma since I need to copy certain attributes of my object before making said iterative changes. In summary, I need to use SQLAlchemy and at the same time make sure I can have a copy of my object attributes when making changes so I don't change the referenced object itself. Any advice, help, suggestions, etc.?

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  • Nested generator functions in python

    - by Yuval A
    Consider a tuple v = (a,b,c) and a generator function generate(x) which receives an item from the tuple and generates several options for each item. What is the pythonic way of generating a set of all the possible combinations of the result of generate(x) on each item in the tuple? I could do this: v = (a,b,c) for d in generate(v[0]): for e in generate(v[1]): for f in generate(v[2]): print d,e,f but that's just ugly, plus I need a generic solution.

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  • Using Python's ConfigParser to read a file without section name

    - by Arrieta
    Hello: I am using ConfigParser to read the runtime configuration of a script. I would like to have the flexibility of not providing a section name (there are scripts which are simple enough; they don't need a 'section'). ConfigParser will throw the NoSectionError exception, and will not accept the file. How can I make ConfigParser simply retrieve the (key, value) tuples of a config file without section names? For instance: key1=val1 key2:val2 I would rather not write to the config file.

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  • Retrieving text from password field [python][pyqt4]

    - by Dr. Johnson
    def welcomeStage (self): self.test = QtGui.QLineEdit (self) self.test.move (50, 150) QtCore.QObject.connect (self.test, QtCore.SIGNAL ('returnPressed()'), self.passwordStage) def passwordStage (self): self.email = self.test.text() self.test.clear() self.test.setEchoMode (QtGui.QLineEdit.Password) QtCore.QObject.connect (self.test, QtCore.SIGNAL ('returnPressed()'), self.loginStage) def loginStage (self): self.pwd = self.test.text() print self.pwd if len (self.pwd) < 0: welcomeStage () return Simply put, I am making a login form. The user enters their email, then the text field is cleared and echo mode is set to Password mode. The text() function returns the email fine, but when I call text() after I have changed the echo mode, it returns 0. I've been pouring over the documentation looking for anything regarding the text() function and how it operates when Password mode is on, however I have not found anything. Does anybody know how this is done?

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