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  • Creating a simple command line interface (CLI) using a python server (TCP sock) and few scripts

    - by VN44CA
    I have a Linux box and I want to be able to telnet into it (port 77557) and run few required commands without having to access to the whole Linux box. So, I have a server listening on that port, and echos the entered command on the screen. (for now) Telnet 192.168.1.100 77557 Trying 192.168.1.100... Connected to 192.168.1.100. Escape character is '^]'. hello<br /> You typed: "hello"<br /> NOW: I want to create lot of commands that each take some args and have error codes. Anyone has done this before? It would be great if I can have the server upon initialization go through each directory and execute the init.py file and in turn, the init.py file of each command call into a main template lib API (e.g. RegisterMe()) and register themselves with the server as function call backs. At least this is how I would do it in C/C++. But I want the best Pythonic way of doing this. /cmd/ /cmd/myreboot/ /cmd/myreboot/ini.py (note underscore don't show for some reason) /cmd/mylist/ /cmd/mylist/init.py ... etc IN: /cmd/myreboot/_ini_.py: from myMainCommand import RegisterMe RegisterMe(name="reboot",args=Arglist, usage="Use this to reboot the box", desc="blabla") So, repeating this creates a list of commands and when you enter the command in the telnet session, then the server goes through the list, matches the command and passed the args to that command and the command does the job and print the success or failure to stdout. Thx

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  • Split a string in python taking care of quotes

    - by santu
    I want to extract key value pairs of some form elements in a html page for example name="frmLogin" method="POST" onSubmit="javascript:return validateAndSubmit();" action="TG_cim_logon.asp?SID=^YcMunDFDQUoWV32WPUMqPxeSxD4L_slp_rhc_rNvW7Fagp7FgH3l0uJR/3_slp_rhc_dYyJ_slp_rhc_vsPW0kJl&RegType=Lite_Home" is there any method using which I can safely get the key and value pairs. I tried using splitting by spaces and then using '=' characters but string inside quotes can also have '='. is there any different kind of split method which can also take care of quotes?

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  • How to show why "try" failed in python

    - by calccrypto
    is there anyway to show why a "try" failed, and skipped to "except", without writing out all the possible errors by hand, and without ending the program? example: try: 1/0 except: someway to show "Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#0>", line 1, in <module> 1/0 ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero" i dont want to doif:print error 1, elif: print error 2, elif: etc.... i want to see the error that would be shown had try not been there

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  • Python evaluation order

    - by d.m
    Here's the code, I don't quite understand, how does it work. Could anyone tell, is that an expected behavior? $ipython In [1]: 1 in [1] == True Out[1]: False In [2]: (1 in [1]) == True Out[2]: True In [3]: 1 in ([1] == True) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) /home/dmedvinsky/projects/condo/condo/<ipython console> in <module>() TypeError: argument of type 'bool' is not iterable In [4]: from sys import version_info In [5]: version_info Out[5]: (2, 6, 4, 'final', 0)

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  • python class decorator question?

    - by nsharish
    decorator 1: def dec(f): def wrap(obj, *args, **kwargs): f(obj, *args,**kwargs) return wrap decorator 2: class dec: def __init__(self, f): self.f = f def __call__(self, obj, *args, **kwargs): self.f(obj, *args, **kwargs) A sample class, class Test: @dec def disp(self, *args, **kwargs): print(*args,**kwargs) The follwing code works with decorator 1 but not with decorator 2. a = Test() a.disp("Message") I dont understand why decorator 2 is not working here. Can someone help me with this?

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  • Working with OAuth on Google with Python

    - by Dan Loewenherz
    I'm having a very frustrating time creating a valid signature for Google's OAuth implementation. I have narrowed it all down to the fact that my signature-generation code has an error of some sort; what it is I have no idea. This is the signature base string in its entirety: GET&https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Faccounts%2FOAuthGetAccessToken&oauth_consumer_key%3Ddlosplayground.appspot.com%26oauth_nonce%3D72815d55697cb24301fab03e1f7f1d66%26oauth_signature_method%3DHMAC-SHA1%26oauth_timestamp%3D1274327867%26oauth_token%3D4%252FX2cZ54JuseQbgRwzTBzZ7lqIwqof%26oauth_verifier%3Dihf0F2Fx%252FpnCmwbVQnk2xMre%26oauth_version%3D1.0 The OAuth Playground returns an oauth_signature of gF8qAfWjpdKjKb4KR%2FvA2Gy0vhU%3D. My code gives me ikMpIKJQJ58jseg%2BKPBTecjmYPE%3D, so obviously I'm doing something wrong. Here's my signature generation code (equivalent to that of the standard oauth.py library): binascii.b2a_base64(hmac.new(CONSUMER_SECRET, BASE_STRING, hashlib.sha1).digest())[:-1] Any thoughts?

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  • Efficient way in Python to add an element to a comma-separated string

    - by ensnare
    I'm looking for the most efficient way to add an element to a comma-separated string while maintaining alphabetical order for the words: For example: string = 'Apples, Bananas, Grapes, Oranges' addition = 'Cherries' result = 'Apples, Bananas, Cherries, Grapes, Oranges' Also, a way to do this but while maintaining IDs: string = '1:Apples, 4:Bananas, 6:Grapes, 23:Oranges' addition = '62:Cherries' result = '1:Apples, 4:Bananas, 62:Cherries, 6:Grapes, 23:Oranges' Sample code is greatly appreciated. Thank you so much.

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  • Python: Getting the attribute name that the created object will be given

    - by cool-RR
    Before I ask this, do note: I want this for debugging purposes. I know that this is going to be some bad black magic, but I want to use it just during debugging so I could identify my objects more easily. It's like this. I have some object from class A that creates a few B instances as attributes: class A(object): def __init__(self) self.vanilla_b = B() self.chocolate_b = B() class B(object): def __init__(self): # ... What I want is that in B.__init__, it will figure out the "vanilla_b" or whatever attribute name it was given, and then put that as the .name attribute to this specific B. Then in debugging when I see some B object floating around, I could know which one it is. Is there any way to do this?

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  • Best practice for string substition with gettext using Python

    - by Malcolm
    Looking for best practice advice on what string substitution technique to use when using gettext(). Or do all techniques apply equally? I can think of at least 3 string techniques: Classic "%" based formatting: "My name is %(name)s" % locals() .format() based formatting: "My name is {name}".format( locals() ) string.Template.safe_substitute() import string template = string.Template( "My name is ${name}" ) template.safe_substitute( locals() ) The advantage of the string.Template technique is that a translated string with with an incorrectly spelled variable reference can still yield a usable string value while the other techniques unconditionally raise an exception. The downside of the string.Template technique appears to be the inability for one to customize how a variable is formatted (padding, justification, width, etc).

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  • Python/Biomolecular Physics- Trying to code a simple stochastic simulation of a system exhibiting co

    - by user359597
    *edited 6/17/10 I'm trying to understand how to improve my code (make it more pythonic). Also, I'm interested in writing more intuitive 'conditionals' that would describe scenarios that are commonplace in biochemistry. The conditional criteria in the below program is explained in Answer #2, but I am not satisfied with it- it is correct, but isn't obvious and isn't easy to implement for more complicated conditional scenarios. Ideas welcome. Comments/criticisms welcome. First posting experience @ stackoverflow- please comment on etiquette if needed. The code generates a list of values that are the solution to the following exercise: "In a programming language of your choice, implement Gillespie’s First Reaction Algorithm to study the temporal behaviour of the reaction A---B in which the transition from A to B can only take place if another compound, C, is present, and where C dynamically interconverts with D, as modelled in the Petri-net below. Assume that there are 100 molecules of A, 1 of C, and no B or D present at the start of the reaction. Set kAB to 0.1 s-1 and both kCD and kDC to 1.0 s-1. Simulate the behaviour of the system over 100 s." def sim(): # Set the rate constants for all transitions kAB = 0.1 kCD = 1.0 kDC = 1.0 # Set up the initial state A = 100 B = 0 C = 1 D = 0 # Set the start and end times t = 0.0 tEnd = 100.0 print "Time\t", "Transition\t", "A\t", "B\t", "C\t", "D" # Compute the first interval transition, interval = transitionData(A, B, C, D, kAB, kCD, kDC) # Loop until the end time is exceded or no transition can fire any more while t <= tEnd and transition >= 0: print t, '\t', transition, '\t', A, '\t', B, '\t', C, '\t', D t += interval if transition == 0: A -= 1 B += 1 if transition == 1: C -= 1 D += 1 if transition == 2: C += 1 D -= 1 transition, interval = transitionData(A, B, C, D, kAB, kCD, kDC) def transitionData(A, B, C, D, kAB, kCD, kDC): """ Returns nTransition, the number of the firing transition (0: A->B, 1: C->D, 2: D->C), and interval, the interval between the time of the previous transition and that of the current one. """ RAB = kAB * A * C RCD = kCD * C RDC = kDC * D dt = [-1.0, -1.0, -1.0] if RAB > 0.0: dt[0] = -math.log(1.0 - random.random())/RAB if RCD > 0.0: dt[1] = -math.log(1.0 - random.random())/RCD if RDC > 0.0: dt[2] = -math.log(1.0 - random.random())/RDC interval = 1e36 transition = -1 for n in range(len(dt)): if dt[n] > 0.0 and dt[n] < interval: interval = dt[n] transition = n return transition, interval if __name__ == '__main__': sim()

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  • python conditional list creation from 2D lists

    - by dls
    Say I've got a list of lists. Say the inner list of three elements in size and looks like this: ['apple', 'fruit', 1.23] The outer list looks like this data = [['apple', 'fruit', 1.23], ['pear', 'fruit', 2.34], ['lettuce', 'vegetable', 3.45]] I want to iterate through the outer list and cull data for a temporary list only in the case that element 1 matches some keyword (aka: 'fruit'). So, if I'm matching fruit, I would end up with this: tempList = [('apple', 1.23), ('pear', 2.34)] This is one way to accomplish this: tempList = [] for i in data: if i[1] == 'fruit': tempList.append(i[0], i[2]) is there some 'Pythonic' way to do this in fewer lines?

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  • Problem with for-loop in python

    - by Protean
    This code is supposed to be able to sort the items in self.array based upon the order of the characters in self.order. The method sort runs properly until the third iteration, unil for some reason the for loop seems to repeat indefinitely. What is going on here? class sorting_class: def __init__(self): self.array = ['ca', 'bd', 'ac', 'ab'] #An array of strings self.arrayt = [] self.globali = 0 self.globalii = 0 self.order = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] #Order of characters self.orderi = 0 self.carry = [] self.leave = [] self.sortedlist = [] def sort(self): for arrayi in self.arrayt: #This should only loop for the number items in self.arrayt. However, the third time this is run it seems to loop indefinitely. print ('run', arrayi) #Shows the problem if self.order[self.orderi] == arrayi[self.globali]: self.carry.append(arrayi) else: if self.globali != 0: self.leave.append(arrayi) def srt(self): self.arrayt = self.array my.sort() #First this runs the first time. while len(self.sortedlist) != len(self.array): if len(self.carry) == 1: self.sortedlist.append(self.carry) self.arrayt = self.leave self.leave = [] self.carry = [] self.globali = 1 self.orderi = 0 my.sort() elif len(self.carry) == 0: if len(self.leave) != 0: #Because nothing matches 'aa' during the second iteration, this code runs the third time" self.arrayt = self.leave self.globali = 1 self.orderi += 1 my.sort() else: self.arrayt = self.array self.globalii += 1 self.orderi = self.globalii self.globali = 0 my.sort() self.orderi = 0 else: #This is what runs the second time. self.arrayt = self.carry self.carry = [] self.globali += 1 my.sort() my = sorting_class() my.srt()

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  • python multiprocess update dictionary synchronously

    - by user1050325
    I am trying to update one common dictionary through multiple processes. Could you please help me find out what is the problem with this code? I get the following output: inside function {1: 1, 2: -1} comes here inside function {1: 0, 2: 2} comes here {1: 0, 2: -1} Thanks. from multiprocessing import Lock, Process, Manager l= Lock() def computeCopyNum(test,val): l.acquire() test[val]=val print "inside function" print test l.release() return a=dict({1: 0, 2: -1}) procs=list() for i in range(1,3): p = Process(target=computeCopyNum, args=(a,i)) procs.append(p) p.start() for p in procs: p.join() print "comes here" print a

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  • A list vs. tuple situation in Python

    - by Alphonse
    Is there a situation where the use of a list leads to an error, and you must use a tuple instead? I know something about the properties of both tuples and lists, but not enough to find out the answer to this question. If the question would be the other way around, it would be that lists can be adjusted but tuples don't.

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  • Python - counting sign changes

    - by dadashek
    I have a list of numbers I am reading left to right. Anytime I encounter a sign change when reading the sequence I want to count it. X = [-3,2,7,-4,1,-1,1,6,-1,0,-2,1] X = [-, +, +, -, +, -, +, +, -, -,-,+] So, in this list there are 8 sign changes. When Item [0] (in this case -3) is negative it is considered a sign change. Also, any 0 in the list is considered [-]. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Python - Subprocess Popen and Thread error

    - by n0idea
    In both functions record and ftp, i have subprocess.Popen if __name__ == '__main__': try: t1 = threading.Thread(target = record) t1.daemon = True t1.start() t2 = threading.Thread(target = ftp) t2.daemon = True t2.start() except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): sys.exit() The error I'm receiving is: Exception in thread Thread-1 (most likely raised during interpreter shutdown): Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 551, in __bootstrap_inner File "/usr/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 504, in run File "./in.py", line 20, in recordaudio File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 493, in call File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 679, in __init__ File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 1237, in _execute_child <type 'exceptions.AttributeError'>: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'close' What might the issue be ?

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  • Get class of caller's method (via inspect) in Python (alt: super() emulator)

    - by Slava Vishnyakov
    Is it possible to get reference to class B in this example? class A(object): pass class B(A): def test(self): test2() class C(B): pass import inspect def test2(): frame = inspect.currentframe().f_back cls = frame.[?something here?] # cls here should == B (class) c = C() c.test() Basically, C is child of B, B is child of A. Then we create c of type C. Then the call to c.test() actually calls B.test() (via inheritance), which calls to test2(). test2() can get the parent frame frame; code reference to method via frame.f_code; self via frame.f_locals['self']; but type(frame.f_locals['self']) is C (of course), but not B, where method is defined. Any way to get B?

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  • Sending http headers with python

    - by Niklas R
    I've set up a little script that should feed a client with html. import socket sock = socket.socket() sock.bind(('', 8080)) sock.listen(5) client, adress = sock.accept() print "Incoming:", adress print client.recv(1024) print client.send("Content-Type: text/html\n\n") client.send('<html><body></body></html>') print "Answering ..." print "Finished." import os os.system("pause") But it is shown as plain text in the browser. Can you please tell what I need to do ? I just can't find something in google that helps me.. Thanks.

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  • Object-oriented GUI development in python

    - by ptabatt
    Hey guys, new programmer here. I have an assignment for class and I'm stuck... What I need to do is a create a GUI that gives someone a basic arithmetic problem in one box, asks the person to answer it, evaluates it, and tells you if you're right or wrong... Basically, what I have is this: [code] class Lesson(Frame): def init (self, parent=None): Frame.init(self, parent) self.pack() Lesson.make_widgets(self) def make_widgets(self): Label(self, text="").pack(side=TOP) ent = Entry(self) self.a = randrange(1,10) self.b = randrange(1,10) self.expr = choice(["+","-"]) ent.insert(END, str(self.a) + str(self.expr) + str(self.a)) [/code] I've broken this down into many little steps and basically, what I'm trying to do right now is insert a default random expression into the first entry widget. When I run this code, I just get a blank Label. Why is that? How can I put a something like "7+7" into the box? If you absolutely need background to the problem, it's question #3 on this link. http://reed.cs.depaul.edu/lperkovic/csc242/homeworks/Homework8.html -Thanks for all help in advance.

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  • Python New-style Classes and the Super Function

    - by sfjedi
    This is not the result I expect to see: class A(dict): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): self['args'] = args self['kwargs'] = kwargs class B(A): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(B, self).__init__(args, kwargs) print 'Instance A:', A('monkey', banana=True) #Instance A: {'args': ('monkey',), 'kwargs': {'banana': True}} print 'Instance B:', B('monkey', banana=True) #Instance B: {'args': (('monkey',), {'banana': True}), 'kwargs': {}} I'm just trying to get classes A and B to have consistent values set. I'm not sure why the kwargs are being inserted into the args, but I'm to presume I am either calling init() wrong from the subclass or I'm trying to do something that you just can't do. Any tips?

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  • Python sorting problem

    - by matt
    I'm sure this is simple but I can't figure it out. I have a list of strings like this(after using sorted on it): Season 2, Episode 1: A Flight to Remember Season 2, Episode 20: Anthology of Interest I Season 2, Episode 2: Mars University Season 2, Episode 3: When Aliens Attack .... Season 3, Episode 10: The Luck of the Fryrish Season 3, Episode 11: The Cyber House Rules Season 3, Episode 12: Insane in the Mainframe Season 3, Episode 1: The Honking Season 3, Episode 2: War Is the H-Word How can I make them sort out properly? (by episode #, ascending)

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  • python gui events out of order

    - by dave
    from Tkinter import * from tkMessageBox import * class Gui: def __init__(self, root): self.container = Frame(root) self.container.grid() self.inputText = Text(self.container, width=50, height=8) self.outputText = Text(self.container, width=50, height=8, bg='#E0E0E0', state=DISABLED) self.inputText.grid(row=0, column=0) self.outputText.grid(row=0, column=1) self.inputText.bind("<Key>", self.translate) def translate(self, event): input = self.inputText.get(0.0, END) output = self.outputText.get(0.0, END) self.outputText.config(state=NORMAL) self.outputText.delete(0.0, END) self.outputText.insert(INSERT, input) self.outputText.config(state=DISABLED) showinfo(message="Input: %s characters\nOutput: %s characters" % (len(input), len(input))) root = Tk() #toplevel object app = Gui(root) #call to the class where gui is defined root.mainloop() #enter event loop Working on a gui in tkinter I'm a little confused as to the sequence the event handlers are run. If you run the above code you'll hopefully see... 1) Editing the text widget triggers the event handler but it seems to fire it off without registering the actual change, 2) Even when the text widget is cleared (ie, keep pressing BackSpace) it still seems to have a one character length string, 3) The output widget only receives its update when the NEXT event trigger is fired despite the fact the data came on the previous event. Is this just how bindings work in tkinter or am i missing something here? The behaviour i would like when updating the input widget is: 1) Show the change, 2) Enter event handler, 3) Update output widget, 4) Show message box.

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