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  • Which ISO format should I use to store a user's language?

    - by John Himmelman
    Should I use ISO 639-1 (2-letter abbreviation) or ISO 639-2 (3 letter abbrv) to store the user's language? Both are official standards, but which is the de facto standard in the development community? I think ISO 639-1 would be easier to remember, and is probably more popular for that reason, but thats just a guess. The site I'm building will have a separate site for the US, Brazil, Russia, China, & the UK. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639

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  • If i write in assembly or machine language, will the program work on any computer with a compatible processor?

    - by user663425
    Basically, i'm wanting to know if i can use either machine or assembly language to write a program that will work on any computer with an x86 processor, despite differences in operating systems. For example, you run a program and no matter what computer it's on, it'll display "Hello, World!" I know it's a little crazy to want to know either of these to languages, but i figure it's an incredible thing to learn, so why not?

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  • C++ Beginner - Simple block of code crashing, reason unknown.

    - by Francisco P.
    Hello everyone, Here's a block of code I'm having trouble with. string Game::tradeRandomPieces(Player & player) { string hand = player.getHand(); string piecesRemoved; size_t index; for (size_t numberOfPiecesToTrade = rand() % hand.size() + 1; numberOfPiecesToTrade != 0; --numberOfPiecesToTrade) { index = rand() % hand.size(); piecesRemoved += hand[index]; hand.erase(index,1); } player.removePiecesFromHand(piecesRemoved); player.fillHand(_deck); return piecesRemoved; } I believe the code is pretty self explanatory. fillhand and removepiecesfromhand are working fine, so that's not it. I really can't get what's wrong with this :( Thanks for your time

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  • Joining the same model twice in a clean way, but making the code reusable

    - by Shako
    I have a model Painting which has a Paintingtitle in each language and a Paintingdescription in each language: class Painting < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :paintingtitles, :dependent => :destroy has_many :paintingdescriptions, :dependent => :destroy end class Paintingtitle < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :painting belongs_to :language end class Paintingdescription < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :painting belongs_to :language end class Language < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :paintingtitles, :dependent => :nullify has_many :paintingdescriptions, :dependent => :nullify has_many :paintings, :through => :paintingtitles end As you might notice, I reference the Language model from my Painting model via both the Paintingtitle model and Paintingdescription model. This works for me when getting a list of paintings with their title and description in a specific language: cond = {"paintingdescription_languages.code" => language_code, "paintingtitle_languages.code" => language_code} cond['paintings.publish'] = 1 unless admin paginate( :all, :select => ["paintings.id, paintings.publish, paintings.photo_file_name, paintingtitles.title, paintingdescriptions.description"], :joins => " INNER JOIN paintingdescriptions ON (paintings.id = paintingdescriptions.painting_id) INNER JOIN paintingtitles ON (paintings.id = paintingtitles.painting_id) INNER JOIN languages paintingdescription_languages ON (paintingdescription_languages.id = paintingdescriptions.language_id) INNER JOIN languages paintingtitle_languages ON (paintingtitle_languages.id = paintingtitles.language_id) ", :conditions => cond, :page => page, :per_page => APP_CONFIG['per_page'], :order => "id DESC" ) Now I wonder if this is a correct way of doing this. I need to fetch paintings with their title and description in different functions, but I don't want to specify this long join statement each time. Is there a cleaner way, for instance making use of the has_many through? e.g. has_many :paintingdescription_languages, :through => :paintingdescriptions, :source => :language has_many :paintingtitle_languages, :through => :paintingtitles, :source => :language But if I implement above 2 lines together with the following ones, then only paintingtitles are filtered by language, and not the paintingdescriptions: cond = {"languages.code" => language_code} cond['paintings.publish'] = 1 unless admin paginate( :all, :select => ["paintings.id, paintings.publish, paintings.photo_file_name, paintingtitles.title, paintingdescriptions.description"], :joins => [:paintingdescription_languages, :paintingtitle_languages], :conditions => cond, :page => page, :per_page => APP_CONFIG['per_page'], :order => "id DESC" )

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  • Best way to convert Stream (of unknown length) to byte array, in .NET?

    - by Frank Hamming
    Hello, I have the following code to read data from a Stream (in this case, from a named pipe) and into a byte array: // NPSS is an instance of NamedPipeServerStream int BytesRead; byte[] StreamBuffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE]; // defined elsewhere (less than total possible message size, though) MemoryStream MessageStream = new MemoryStream(); do { BytesRead = NPSS.Read(StreamBuffer, 0, StreamBuffer.Length); MessageStream.Write(StreamBuffer, 0, BytesRead); } while (!NPSS.IsMessageComplete); byte[] Message = MessageStream.ToArray(); // final data Could you please take a look and let me know if it can be done more efficiently or neatly? Seems a bit messy as it is, using a MemoryStream. Thanks!

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  • Android ADT Eclipse plugin, parseSDKContent failed

    - by Sebastian Ganslandt
    I've just set up my first Android development environment consisting of Eclipse 3.5 Mac OSX 10.5 Android SDK for x86 macs ADT Eclipse plugin 0.9.6 I've set set $PATH to my SDK/tools directory (which shouldn't matter if I only use Eclipse right?) and started Eclipse, but when I try to set the path to the SDK in Eclipse, i get the error "parseSdkContent failed". The stack trace of from the thrown exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema at javax.xml.validation.SchemaFactory.newInstance(SchemaFactory.java:181) at com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.internal.sdk.LayoutDevicesXsd.getValidator(Unknown Source) at com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.internal.sdk.LayoutDeviceManager.parseLayoutDevices(Unknown Source) at com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.internal.sdk.LayoutDeviceManager.loadDefaultLayoutDevices(Unknown Source) at com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.internal.sdk.LayoutDeviceManager.loadDefaultAndUserDevices(Unknown Source) at com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.internal.sdk.Sdk.<init>(Unknown Source) at com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.internal.sdk.Sdk.loadSdk(Unknown Source) at com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.AdtPlugin$13.run(Unknown Source) at org.eclipse.core.internal.jobs.Worker.run(Worker.java:55) I can't see that I've missed anything in the setup process, according to the instructions it should basically just work out of the box. Any ideas as to why this might fail?

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  • How do I resolve no swt-cocoa-3557 or swt-cocoa in swt.library.path, java.library.path or the jar fi

    - by ?????
    I can't get a swt application to work on Mac OSX Snow Leopard. Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: no swt-cocoa-3557 or swt-cocoa in swt.library.path, java.library.path or the jar file at org.eclipse.swt.internal.Library.loadLibrary(Unknown Source) at org.eclipse.swt.internal.Library.loadLibrary(Unknown Source) at org.eclipse.swt.internal.C.<clinit>(Unknown Source) at org.eclipse.swt.internal.cocoa.NSThread.isMainThread(Unknown Source) at org.eclipse.swt.graphics.Device.<init>(Unknown Source) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Display.<init>(Unknown Source) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Display.<init>(Unknown Source) at com.astrobetty.geotag.Hello.main(Hello.java:12) I have added -Dswt.library.path= and -Djava.library.path statements to the "VM arrguments" hand have also tried setting them as variables in the "environment" section of the Eclipse run configuration page. I've verified that my .jar file is at the path I specify. If I look inside the .jar, it seems to contain these libraries: 102 Feb 12 13:21 META-INF 183 Feb 12 13:21 external.xpt 37104 Nov 17 2009 libswt-awt-cocoa-3557.jnilib 287228 Nov 17 2009 libswt-cocoa-3557.jnilib 548252 Nov 17 2009 libswt-pi-cocoa-3557.jnilib 313420 Nov 17 2009 libswt-xulrunner-cocoa-3557.jnilib 136 May 23 22:19 org 13 Feb 12 13:21 version.txt Any ideas on how to get this to work? Is it possible at all?

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  • Casting problems with Google Maps API

    - by Thiago
    Hi there, I'm trying to run the following line: Directions.loadFromWaypoints((Waypoint[])waypoints.toArray(), opts); But I'm getting: 23:41:44.595 [ERROR] [carathome] Uncaught exception escaped java.lang.ClassCastException: [Ljava.lang.Object; cannot be cast to [Lcom.google.gwt.maps.client.geocode.Waypoint; at com.presasystems.gwt.carathome.client.widgets.MostrarLinhasPanel$1$1.onSuccess(MostrarLinhasPanel.java:72) at com.presasystems.gwt.carathome.client.widgets.MostrarLinhasPanel$1$1.onSuccess(MostrarLinhasPanel.java:1) at com.google.gwt.user.client.rpc.impl.RequestCallbackAdapter.onResponseReceived(RequestCallbackAdapter.java:216) at com.google.gwt.http.client.Request.fireOnResponseReceived(Request.java:287) at com.google.gwt.http.client.RequestBuilder$1.onReadyStateChange(RequestBuilder.java:393) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.MethodAdaptor.invoke(MethodAdaptor.java:103) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.MethodDispatch.invoke(MethodDispatch.java:71) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.OophmSessionHandler.invoke(OophmSessionHandler.java:157) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.BrowserChannel.reactToMessagesWhileWaitingForReturn(BrowserChannel.java:1713) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.BrowserChannelServer.invokeJavascript(BrowserChannelServer.java:165) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.ModuleSpaceOOPHM.doInvoke(ModuleSpaceOOPHM.java:120) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.ModuleSpace.invokeNative(ModuleSpace.java:507) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.ModuleSpace.invokeNativeObject(ModuleSpace.java:264) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.JavaScriptHost.invokeNativeObject(JavaScriptHost.java:91) at com.google.gwt.core.client.impl.Impl.apply(Impl.java) at com.google.gwt.core.client.impl.Impl.entry0(Impl.java:188) at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor9.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.MethodAdaptor.invoke(MethodAdaptor.java:103) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.MethodDispatch.invoke(MethodDispatch.java:71) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.OophmSessionHandler.invoke(OophmSessionHandler.java:157) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.BrowserChannel.reactToMessages(BrowserChannel.java:1668) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.BrowserChannelServer.processConnection(BrowserChannelServer.java:401) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.BrowserChannelServer.run(BrowserChannelServer.java:222) at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source) Why? Shouldn't this cast work? How can I do this in an elegant fashion? Thanks in advance

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  • SSL HandShakeException: No_Certificate. Using IBM's J9 JVM and Apache Tomcat

    - by DaveJohnston
    I am developing a mobile application that is to run on a Windows Mobile PDA. The application is written in Java and to run it we are using the J9 JVM from IBM. The application communicates with an Apache Tomcat server over HTTP and we are trying to set it up now to use SSL. I have generated public/private keys for both the client and the server, exported their self signed certificates and imported them into the respective keystores. Initially I tried to just get it working using only server side authentication and that was successful. But I am now trying to get mutual authentication by setting clientAuth="true" in the server.xml file in the apache conf directory. I have enabled the SSL logging on the server and when the client connects the server reports an SSLProtocolException: handshake alert: no_certificate. The client logs also show an exception: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: unexpected_message at com.ibm.j9.jsse.SSLSocketImpl.completeHandshake(Unknown Source) at com.ibm.j9.jsse.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(Unknown Source) at com.ibm.oti.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsURLConnection.openSocket(Unknown Source) at com.ibm.oti.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsURLConnection.connect(Unknown Source) at com.ibm.oti.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsURLConnection.sendRequest(Unknown Source) at com.ibm.oti.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsURLConnection.doRequest(Unknown Source) at com.ibm.oti.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsURLConnection.getInputStream(Unknown Source) The client keystore and truststore is configured by setting the following System Properties: javax.net.ssl.trustStore javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword javax.net.ssl.keyStore javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword Does anyone have any ideas how I can set up client authentication on the J9 JVM?

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  • Supressing GUI?

    - by Legend
    I am trying to run a plugin designed for Vuze using Java. For this I am using a command like this: /home/x/jre1.6.0_14/bin/java -Dazureus.config.path=/home/x/plugin_directory -Dfile.encoding=ANSI_X3.4-1968 -classpath /home/x/P/lib/swtgraphics2d.jar:/home/x/P/lib/Azureus2.jar:/home/x/P/lib/swt.jar org.gudy.azureus2.ui.swt.Main The problem with this is that the launch is failing with an error: changeLocale: *Default Language* != English (United States). Searching without country.. changeLocale: Searching for language English in *any* country.. changeLocale: no message properties for Locale 'English (United States)' (en_US), using 'English (default)' Invoking main failed java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) at com.aelitis.azureus.launcher.MainExecutor$1.run(MainExecutor.java:37) at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source) Caused by: org.eclipse.swt.SWTError: No more handles [gtk_init_check() failed] at org.eclipse.swt.SWT.error(SWT.java:3910) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Display.createDisplay(Display.java:863) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Display.create(Display.java:851) at org.eclipse.swt.graphics.Device.<init>(Device.java:152) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Display.<init>(Display.java:479) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Display.<init>(Display.java:470) at org.gudy.azureus2.ui.swt.mainwindow.SWTThread.<init>(SWTThread.java:84) at org.gudy.azureus2.ui.swt.mainwindow.SWTThread.createInstance(SWTThread.java:59) at org.gudy.azureus2.ui.swt.mainwindow.Initializer.<init>(Initializer.java:110) at org.gudy.azureus2.ui.swt.Main.<init>(Main.java:88) at org.gudy.azureus2.ui.swt.Main.main(Main.java:255) ... 6 more Exception in thread "MainRunner" java.lang.SecurityException: VM exit operation prohibited at org.gudy.azureus2.core3.security.impl.SESecurityManagerImpl$2.checkExit(SESecurityManagerImpl.java:274) at java.lang.Runtime.exit(Unknown Source) at java.lang.System.exit(Unknown Source) at com.aelitis.azureus.launcher.MainExecutor$1.run(MainExecutor.java:42) at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source) I am sure that this is happening because I am running the program on a terminal. Is there a way to supress the GUI or let the program think that the GUI was spawned successfully? Any suggestions?

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  • Facebook Application Parse Error CSS

    - by madphp
    Hi, Im getting some parse erros when loading in my facebook app through the canvas. Its in an iframe. Can anyone tell me where I can start to look for documentation regarding this? Errors whilst loading page from application Parse errors: CSS Error (line 40 char 36): Error in parsing value for property.: 'font' Declaration dropped. CSS Error (line 183 char 18): Expected declaration. Skipped to next declaration. CSS Error (line 272 char 65): Unknown property.: '-webkit-border-radius' Declaration dropped. CSS Error (line 272 char 110): Unknown property.: 'border-radius' Declaration dropped. CSS Error (line 272 char 135): Unknown property.: '-webkit-box-shadow' Declaration dropped. CSS Error (line 272 char 181): Unknown property.: '-moz-box-shadow' Declaration dropped. CSS Error (line 272 char 221): Unknown property.: 'box-shadow' Declaration dropped. CSS Error (line 317 char 23): Unknown property.: '-webkit-border-radius' Declaration dropped. CSS Error (line 319 char 15): Unknown property.: 'border-radius' Declaration dropped. Thanks --Mark

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  • image not loading

    - by Delirium tremens
    trying to run the code // Create a label with an image Image image = new Image(display, "interspatial.gif"); Label imageLabel = new Label(shell, SWT.NONE); imageLabel.setImage(image); is giving me the error message Exception in thread "main" org.eclipse.swt.SWTException: i/o error (java.io.FileNotFoundException: interspatial.gif (O sistema não pode encontrar o arquivo especificado)) at org.eclipse.swt.SWT.error(Unknown Source) at org.eclipse.swt.SWT.error(Unknown Source) at org.eclipse.swt.graphics.ImageLoader.load(Unknown Source) at org.eclipse.swt.graphics.ImageDataLoader.load(Unknown Source) at org.eclipse.swt.graphics.ImageData.<init>(Unknown Source) at org.eclipse.swt.graphics.Image.<init>(Unknown Source) at examples.ch5.LabelExample.main(LabelExample.java:31) Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: interspatial.gif (O sistema não pode encontrar o arquivo especificado) at java.io.FileInputStream.open(Native Method) at java.io.FileInputStream.<init>(FileInputStream.java:106) at java.io.FileInputStream.<init>(FileInputStream.java:66) at org.eclipse.swt.internal.Compatibility.newFileInputStream(Unknown Source) ... 5 more Additional information: In Eclipse, I had expanded Chapter05, then examples.ch5, then right-clicked LabelExample.java, then chose Run As, then 1 Java Application. I tried placing interspatial.gif in the Chapter05 dir, the examples dir, the ch5 dir and the images dir (probably related to an other source code from the same chapter). There is "a package examples.ch5;" line in the beginning of the file. Why is the image not loading?

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  • java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver When run jar file

    - by user1024858
    Hi all, Connection conn = null; String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/"; String dbName = "test"; String driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"; String userName = "root"; String password = "admin"; try { Class.forName(driver).newInstance(); conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url+dbName,userName,password); System.out.println("Connected to the database"); conn.close(); System.out.println("Disconnected from database"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace();} I run in eclipse it's ok, but i built to jar file and run on command line java -jar Test.jar i get this error: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source) at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) at java.lang.Class.forName(Unknown Source) Please help me how to fix it. Thanks!!!

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  • Introducing functional programming constructs in non-functional programming languages

    - by Giorgio
    This question has been going through my mind quite a lot lately and since I haven't found a convincing answer to it I would like to know if other users of this site have thought about it as well. In the recent years, even though OOP is still the most popular programming paradigm, functional programming is getting a lot of attention. I have only used OOP languages for my work (C++ and Java) but I am trying to learn some FP in my free time because I find it very interesting. So, I started learning Haskell three years ago and Scala last summer. I plan to learn some SML and Caml as well, and to brush up my (little) knowledge of Scheme. Well, a lot of plans (too ambitious?) but I hope I will find the time to learn at least the basics of FP during the next few years. What is important for me is how functional programming works and how / whether I can use it for some real projects. I have already developed small tools in Haskell. In spite of my strong interest for FP, I find it difficult to understand why functional programming constructs are being added to languages like C#, Java, C++, and so on. As a developer interested in FP, I find it more natural to use, say, Scala or Haskell, instead of waiting for the next FP feature to be added to my favourite non-FP language. In other words, why would I want to have only some FP in my originally non-FP language instead of looking for a language that has a better support for FP? For example, why should I be interested to have lambdas in Java if I can switch to Scala where I have much more FP concepts and access all the Java libraries anyway? Similarly: why do some FP in C# instead of using F# (to my knowledge, C# and F# can work together)? Java was designed to be OO. Fine. I can do OOP in Java (and I would like to keep using Java in that way). Scala was designed to support OOP + FP. Fine: I can use a mix of OOP and FP in Scala. Haskell was designed for FP: I can do FP in Haskell. If I need to tune the performance of a particular module, I can interface Haskell with some external routines in C. But why would I want to do OOP with just some basic FP in Java? So, my main point is: why are non-functional programming languages being extended with some functional concept? Shouldn't it be more comfortable (interesting, exciting, productive) to program in a language that has been designed from the very beginning to be functional or multi-paradigm? Don't different programming paradigms integrate better in a language that was designed for it than in a language in which one paradigm was only added later? The first explanation I could think of is that, since FP is a new concept (it isn't new at all, but it is new for many developers), it needs to be introduced gradually. However, I remember my switch from imperative to OOP: when I started to program in C++ (coming from Pascal and C) I really had to rethink the way in which I was coding, and to do it pretty fast. It was not gradual. So, this does not seem to be a good explanation to me. Or can it be that many non-FP programmers are not really interested in understanding and using functional programming, but they find it practically convenient to adopt certain FP-idioms in their non-FP language? IMPORTANT NOTE Just in case (because I have seen several language wars on this site): I mentioned the languages I know better, this question is in no way meant to start comparisons between different programming languages to decide which is better / worse. Also, I am not interested in a comparison of OOP versus FP (pros and cons). The point I am interested in is to understand why FP is being introduced one bit at a time into existing languages that were not designed for it even though there exist languages that were / are specifically designed to support FP.

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  • Functional programming constructs in non-functional programming languages

    - by Giorgio
    This question has been going through my mind quite a lot lately and since I haven't found a convincing answer to it I would like to know if other users of this site have thought about it as well. In the recent years, even though OOP is still the most popular programming paradigm, functional programming is getting a lot of attention. I have only used OOP languages for my work (C++ and Java) but I am trying to learn some FP in my free time because I find it very interesting. So, I started learning Haskell three years ago and Scala last summer. I plan to learn some SML and Caml as well, and to brush up my (little) knowledge of Scheme. Well, a lot of plans (too ambitious?) but I hope I will find the time to learn at least the basics of FP during the next few years. What is important for me is how functional programming works and how / whether I can use it for some real projects. I have already developed small tools in Haskell. In spite of my strong interest for FP, I find it difficult to understand why functional programming constructs are being added to languages like C#, Java, C++, and so on. As a developer interested in FP, I find it more natural to use, say, Scala or Haskell, instead of waiting for the next FP feature to be added to my favourite non-FP language. In other words, why would I want to have only some FP in my originally non-FP language instead of looking for a language that has a better support for FP? For example, why should I be interested to have lambdas in Java if I can switch to Scala where I have much more FP concepts and access all the Java libraries anyway? Similarly: why do some FP in C# instead of using F# (to my knowledge, C# and F# can work together)? Java was designed to be OO. Fine. I can do OOP in Java (and I would like to keep using Java in that way). Scala was designed to support OOP + FP. Fine: I can use a mix of OOP and FP in Scala. Haskell was designed for FP: I can do FP in Haskell. If I need to tune the performance of a particular module, I can interface Haskell with some external routines in C. But why would I want to do OOP with just some basic FP in Java? So, my main point is: why are non-functional programming languages being extended with some functional concept? Shouldn't it be more comfortable (interesting, exciting, productive) to program in a language that has been designed from the very beginning to be functional or multi-paradigm? Don't different programming paradigms integrate better in a language that was designed for it than in a language in which one paradigm was only added later? The first explanation I could think of is that, since FP is a new concept (it isn't new at all, but it is new for many developers), it needs to be introduced gradually. However, I remember my switch from imperative to OOP: when I started to program in C++ (coming from Pascal and C) I really had to rethink the way in which I was coding, and to do it pretty fast. It was not gradual. So, this does not seem to be a good explanation to me. Also, I asked myself if my impression is just plainly wrong due to lack of knowledge. E.g., do C# and C++11 support FP as extensively as, say, Scala or Caml do? In this case, my question would be simply non-existent. Or can it be that many non-FP programmers are not really interested in using functional programming, but they find it practically convenient to adopt certain FP-idioms in their non-FP language? IMPORTANT NOTE Just in case (because I have seen several language wars on this site): I mentioned the languages I know better, this question is in no way meant to start comparisons between different programming languages to decide which is better / worse. Also, I am not interested in a comparison of OOP versus FP (pros and cons). The point I am interested in is to understand why FP is being introduced one bit at a time into existing languages that were not designed for it even though there exist languages that were / are specifically designed to support FP.

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  • Code Metrics: Number of IL Instructions

    - by DigiMortal
    In my previous posting about code metrics I introduced how to measure LoC (Lines of Code) in .NET applications. Now let’s take a step further and let’s take a look how to measure compiled code. This way we can somehow have a picture about what compiler produces. In this posting I will introduce you code metric called number of IL instructions. NB! Number of IL instructions is not something you can use to measure productivity of your team. If you want to get better idea about the context of this metric and LoC then please read my first posting about LoC. What are IL instructions? When code written in some .NET Framework language is compiled then compiler produces assemblies that contain byte code. These assemblies are executed later by Common Language Runtime (CLR) that is code execution engine of .NET Framework. The byte code is called Intermediate Language (IL) – this is more common language than C# and VB.NET by example. You can use ILDasm tool to convert assemblies to IL assembler so you can read them. As IL instructions are building blocks of all .NET Framework binary code these instructions are smaller and highly general – we don’t want very rich low level language because it executes slower than more general language. For every method or property call in some .NET Framework language corresponds set of IL instructions. There is no 1:1 relationship between line in high level language and line in IL assembler. There are more IL instructions than lines in C# code by example. How much instructions there are? I have no common answer because it really depends on your code. Here you can see some metrics from my current community project that is developed on SharePoint Server 2007. As average I have about 7 IL instructions per line of code. This is not metric you should use, it is just illustrative example so you can see the differences between numbers of lines and IL instructions. Why should I measure the number of IL instructions? Just take a look at chart above. Compiler does something that you cannot see – it compiles your code to IL. This is not intuitive process because you usually cannot say what is exactly the end result. You know it at greater plain but you don’t know it exactly. Therefore we can expect some surprises and that’s why we should measure the number of IL instructions. By example, you may find better solution for some method in your source code. It looks nice, it works nice and everything seems to be okay. But on server under load your fix may be way slower than previous code. Although you minimized the number of lines of code it ended up with increasing the number of IL instructions. How to measure the number of IL instructions? My choice is NDepend because Visual Studio is not able to measure this metric. Steps to make are easy. Open your NDepend project or create new and add all your application assemblies to project (you can also add Visual Studio solution to project). Run project analysis and wait until it is done. You can see over-all stats form global summary window. This is the same window I used to read the LoC and the number of IL instructions metrics for my chart. Meanwhile I made some changes to my code (enabled advanced caching for events and event registrations module) and then I ran code analysis again to get results for this section of this posting. NDepend is also able to tell you exactly what parts of code have problematically much IL instructions. The code quality section of CQL Query Explorer shows you how much problems there are with members in analyzed code. If you click on the line Methods too big (NbILInstructions) you can see all the problematic members of classes in CQL Explorer shown in image on right. In my case if have 10 methods that are too big and two of them have horrible number of IL instructions – just take a look at first two methods in this TOP10. Also note the query box. NDepend has easy and SQL-like query language to query code analysis results. You can modify these queries if you like and also you can define your own ones if default set is not enough for you. What is good result? As you can see from query window then the number of IL instructions per member should have maximally 200 IL instructions. Of course, like always, the less instructions you have, the better performing code you have. I don’t mean here little differences but big ones. By example, take a look at my first method in warnings list. The number of IL instructions it has is huge. And believe me – this method looks awful. Conclusion The number of IL instructions is useful metric when optimizing your code. For analyzing code at general level to find out too long methods you can use the number of LoC metric because it is more intuitive for you and you can therefore handle the situation more easily. Also you can use NDepend as code metrics tool because it has a lot of metrics to offer.

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  • Programming Language? - To create a application (eLearning course) that will work on PC, Mac, iPhone, iPad, Touch etc?

    - by Josh
    Hi Currently at work I'm helping put together and create eLearning courses within Flash. Our senior programmers have knowledge of how to do this, Although - I would like to know how you could go from converting a eLearning course from Flash into a application for Mac and PC, looking similar to Garageband's music lessons? What programming language was used to create Garageband on Mac? What is the best way to create a application that will work on PC, Mac, iPhone, iPad, Touch etc, Rather then using flash and Actionscript to create online based applications, that will only work in a browser on Mac and PC? Any further tips? Thanks Josh

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  • MS SQL to MySQL using MySQL Migration Toolkit: permission issue

    - by Zeno
    I have a MS SQL imported into SQL Server 2008 from a .bak and I set it to Mixed mode. I have a SQL user (called "test") that can correctly access the database using SQL Server. I need to convert this to a MySQL database, so I got the MySQL Migration Toolkit. I pick "MS SQL Server" and then it asks for the hostname/username/password/database. I'm not 100% sure on these, but I used "localhost" (running on same computer), left the port as is (1433) and the username/password ("test") for the SQL Server. And I used the database name for the SQL Server database I'm looking to import. I clicked next, enter my MySQL database details and then attempt to run it and I get this error: Connecting to source database and retrieve schemata names. Initializing JDBC driver ... Driver class MS SQL JDBC Driver Opening connection ... Connection jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://localhost:1433/Orders;user=test;password=blah;charset=utf-8;domain= The list of schema names could not be retrieved (error: 0). ReverseEngineeringMssql.getSchemata :Network error IOException: Connection refused: connect Details: net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.ConnectionJDBC2.<init>(ConnectionJDBC2.java:372) net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.ConnectionJDBC3.<init>(ConnectionJDBC3.java:50) net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver.connect(Driver.java:178) java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(Unknown Source) java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(Unknown Source) com.mysql.grt.modules.ReverseEngineeringGeneric.establishConnection(ReverseEngineeringGeneric.java:141) com.mysql.grt.modules.ReverseEngineeringMssql.getSchemata(ReverseEngineeringMssql.java:99) sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) com.mysql.grt.Grt.callModuleFunction(Unknown Source)

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  • tomcat 'document base does not exist' error (but it does)

    - by SpliFF
    Gentoo / Tomcat 6 INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/6.0.20 Sep 8, 2009 10:34:51 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext resourcesStart SEVERE: Error starting static Resources java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Document base /www/rivervalley/site does not exist or is not a readable directory at org.apache.naming.resources.FileDirContext.setDocBase(Unknown Source) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.resourcesStart(Unknown Source) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(Unknown Source) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(Unknown Source) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(Unknown Source) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(Unknown Source) oh really? then how come: ls -la /www/rivervalley/site/ drwxr-xr-x 12 tomcat tomcat 4096 Sep 8 09:56 . drwxr-xr-x 16 tomcat tomcat 4096 Jun 29 16:22 .. -rwxr--r-- 1 tomcat tomcat 520 Jul 3 02:15 Application.cfm drwxr-xr-x 2 tomcat tomcat 4096 Sep 8 09:56 WEB-INF and ... tomcat 18916 1.0 5.5 1159188 167892 ? Ssl 10:37 0:11 /opt/sun-jdk-1.5.0.18/bin/java -Djava.util.loggin Hell, ANY account can read that directory so the claim is utter nonsense. What else can cause this? Here's my relevant server.xml section: <Host name="rivervalley" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="false" autoDeploy="false" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false"> <Context path="" docBase="/www/rivervalley/site" /> </Host>

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  • Hungry hungry BIOS: why do I have less than 4 GiB of memory?

    - by Rhymoid
    I thought I had 4 GiB of memory, but just to be sure, let's ask the BIOS about that: ?: sudo dmidecode --type 20 # dmidecode 2.12 SMBIOS 2.6 present. Handle 0x000B, DMI type 20, 19 bytes Memory Device Mapped Address Starting Address: 0x00000000000 Ending Address: 0x0007FFFFFFF Range Size: 2 GB Physical Device Handle: 0x000A Memory Array Mapped Address Handle: 0x000E Partition Row Position: Unknown Interleave Position: Unknown Interleaved Data Depth: Unknown Handle 0x000D, DMI type 20, 19 bytes Memory Device Mapped Address Starting Address: 0x00080000000 Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFF Range Size: 2 GB Physical Device Handle: 0x000C Memory Array Mapped Address Handle: 0x000E Partition Row Position: Unknown Interleave Position: Unknown Interleaved Data Depth: Unknown Alright, 4 GiB it is. But I can't use all of it: ?: cat /proc/meminfo | head -n 1 MemTotal: 3913452 kB Somehow, somewhere, I lost 274 MiB. Where did 6% of my memory go? Now I know the address ranges in DMI are incorrect, because the ACPI memory map reports usable ranges well beyond the ending address of the second memory module: ?: dmesg | grep -E "BIOS-e820: .* usable" [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009e7ff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x00000000dee7bfff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x0000000117ffffff] usable I get pretty much the same info from /proc/iomem (except for the 4 kiB hole 0x000-0xFFF), which also shows that the kernel only accounts for less than 8 MiB. I guess 0x00000000-0x7FFFFFFF is indeed mapped to the first memory module, and 0x80000000-0xDFFFFFFF to part of the second memory module (a bunch of ACPI NVS things live between 0xDEE7C000 and 0xDEF30FFF, and the remaining 16-something MiB of that range are just 'reserved'). I guess the highest 0x18000000 bytes of the second memory module are mapped above the 4 GiB mark. But even then, there are two problems: 128 MiB (0x08000000 bytes, living somewhere between 0xE0000000 and 0xFFFFFFFF) are still completely unaccounted for. To note, my graphics card is on PCI-Express and (allegedly) has 1 GiB dedicated memory, so that shouldn't be the culprit. Did the BIOS screw up in moving the memory, leaving it partially shadowed by MMIO? Even with this mediocre explanation, I only 'found' 128 MiB. But /proc/meminfo is reporting a much larger deficit; where's the other 146 MiB? How does Linux count MemTotal?

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  • PHP4 including file during session

    - by Matherw
    I am trying to put second language on my webpage. I decided to use different files for different languages told apart by path - language/pl/projects.ln contains Polish text, language/en/projects.ln - English. Those extensions are just to tell language files from other, the content is simple php: $lang["desc"]["fabrics"]["title"] = "MATERIALY"; $lang["desc"]["fabrics"]["short_text"] = "Jakis tam tekst na temat materialów"; $lang["desc"]["services"]["title"] = "USLUGI"; $lang["desc"]["services"]["short_text"] = "Jakis tam tekst na temat uslóg"; And then on the index page I use it like so: session_start(); if (isset($_SESSION["lang"])) { $language = $_SESSION["lang"]; } else { $language = "pl"; } include_once("language/$language/projects.ln"); print $lang["desc"]["fabrics"]["title"]; The problem is that if the session variable is not set everything works fine and array item content is displayed but once I change and set $_SESSION["lang"] nothing is displayed. I tested if the include itself works as it should by putting print "sth"; at the beginning of projects.ln file and that works all right both with $_SESSION["lang"] set and unset. Please help.

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