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• Python - werid behavior

  - by orokusaki

  I've done what I shouldn't have done and written 4 modules (6 hours or so) without running any tests along the way. I have a method inside of /mydir/__init__.py called get_hash(), and a class inside of /mydir/utils.py called SpamClass. /mydir/utils.py imports get_hash() from /mydir/__init__. /mydir/__init__.py imports SpamClass from /mydir/utils.py. Both the class and the method work fine on their own but for some reason if I try to import /mydir/, I get an import error saying "Cannot import name get_hash" from /mydir/__init__.py. The only stack trace is the line saying that __init__.py imported SpamClass. The next line is where the error occurs in in SpamClass when trying to import get_hash. Why is this?

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• python class decorator question?

  - by nsharish

  decorator 1: def dec(f): def wrap(obj, *args, **kwargs): f(obj, *args,**kwargs) return wrap decorator 2: class dec: def __init__(self, f): self.f = f def __call__(self, obj, *args, **kwargs): self.f(obj, *args, **kwargs) A sample class, class Test: @dec def disp(self, *args, **kwargs): print(*args,**kwargs) The follwing code works with decorator 1 but not with decorator 2. a = Test() a.disp("Message") I dont understand why decorator 2 is not working here. Can someone help me with this?

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• Find last match with python regular expression

  - by SDD

  I wanto to match the last occurence of a simple pattern in a string, e.g. list = re.findall(r"\w+ AAAA \w+", "foo bar AAAA foo2 AAAA bar2) print "last match: ", list[len(list)-1] however, if the string is very long, a huge list of matches is generated. Is there a more direct way to match the second occurence of "AAAA" or should I use this workaround?

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• Splitting of string in python .

  - by mekasperasky

  A<<B would mean circling the characters of A towards left by the length of the data in B . So I am using split not the loop . But I am not able to figure out how to split a string according to the length of B.

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• Python and urllib2: how to make a GET request with parameters

  - by Infinity

  I'm building an "API API", it basically a wrapper for a in house REST web service that the web app will be making a lot of requests to. Some of the web service calls need to be GET rather than post, but passing parameters. Is there a "best practice" way to encode a dictionary into a query string? e.g.: ?foo=bar&bla=blah I'm looking at the urllib2 docs, and it looks like it decides by itself wether to use POST or GET based on if you pass params or not, but maybe someone knows how to make it transform the params dictionary into a GET request. Maybe there's a package for something like this out there? It would be great if it supported keep-alive, as the web server will be constantly requesting things from the REST service. Thanks!

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• Python ZSI : error while serializing an object ?

  - by KaluSingh Gabbar

  this is the code, I get error that it can not serialize reference (sumReq) sumReqClass = GED("http://www.some-service.com/sample", "getSumRequest").pyclass sumReq = sumReqClass() rq = GetSumSoapIn() sum._sumReqObj = sumReq rs=proxy.GetSum(rq, soapheaders=[credentials]) I get error : TypeError: bad usage, failed to serialize element reference (http://www.some-service.com/sample, getSumRequest), in: /SOAP-ENV:Body

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• Python try/except: Showing the cause of the error after displaying my variables

  - by NealWalters

  I'm not even sure what the right words are to search for. I want to display parts of the error object in an except block (similar to the err object in VBScript, which has Err.Number and Err.Description). For example, I want to show the values of my variables, then show the exact error. Clearly, I am causing a divided-by-zero error below, but how can I print that fact? try: x = 0 y = 1 z = y / x z = z + 1 print "z=%d" % (z) except: print "Values at Exception: x=%d y=%d " % (x,y) print "The error was on line ..." print "The reason for the error was ..."

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• How to loop over nodes with xmlfeed using scrapy python

  - by Kour ipm

  Hi i working on scrapy and trying xml feeds first time, below is my code class TestxmlItemSpider(XMLFeedSpider): name = "TestxmlItem" allowed_domains = {"http://www.nasinteractive.com"} start_urls = [ "http://www.nasinteractive.com/jobexport/advance/hcantexasexport.xml" ] iterator = 'iternodes' itertag = 'job' def parse_node(self, response, node): title = node.select('title/text()').extract() job_code = node.select('job-code/text()').extract() detail_url = node.select('detail-url/text()').extract() category = node.select('job-category/text()').extract() print title,";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;" print job_code,";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;" item = TestxmlItem() item['title'] = node.select('title/text()').extract() ....... return item result: File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-0.14.3-py2.7.egg/scrapy/item.py", line 56, in __setitem__ (self.__class__.__name__, key)) exceptions.KeyError: 'TestxmlItem does not support field: title' Totally there are 200+ items so i need to loop over and assign the node text to item but here all the results are displaying at once when we print, actually how can we loop over on nodes in scraping xml files with xmlfeedspider

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• python gui events out of order

  - by dave

  from Tkinter import * from tkMessageBox import * class Gui: def __init__(self, root): self.container = Frame(root) self.container.grid() self.inputText = Text(self.container, width=50, height=8) self.outputText = Text(self.container, width=50, height=8, bg='#E0E0E0', state=DISABLED) self.inputText.grid(row=0, column=0) self.outputText.grid(row=0, column=1) self.inputText.bind("<Key>", self.translate) def translate(self, event): input = self.inputText.get(0.0, END) output = self.outputText.get(0.0, END) self.outputText.config(state=NORMAL) self.outputText.delete(0.0, END) self.outputText.insert(INSERT, input) self.outputText.config(state=DISABLED) showinfo(message="Input: %s characters\nOutput: %s characters" % (len(input), len(input))) root = Tk() #toplevel object app = Gui(root) #call to the class where gui is defined root.mainloop() #enter event loop Working on a gui in tkinter I'm a little confused as to the sequence the event handlers are run. If you run the above code you'll hopefully see... 1) Editing the text widget triggers the event handler but it seems to fire it off without registering the actual change, 2) Even when the text widget is cleared (ie, keep pressing BackSpace) it still seems to have a one character length string, 3) The output widget only receives its update when the NEXT event trigger is fired despite the fact the data came on the previous event. Is this just how bindings work in tkinter or am i missing something here? The behaviour i would like when updating the input widget is: 1) Show the change, 2) Enter event handler, 3) Update output widget, 4) Show message box.

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• Creating Thread's in python

  - by chrissygormley

  Hello, I have a script and I want one function to run at the same time as the other. Example code I have looked at: import threading def MyThread ( threading.thread ): doing something........ def MyThread2 ( threading.thread ): doing something........ MyThread().start() MyThread2().start() I am having trouble getting this working. I would prefer to get this going using a threaded function rather than a class. Thanks for any help.

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• Python New-style Classes and the Super Function

  - by sfjedi

  This is not the result I expect to see: class A(dict): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): self['args'] = args self['kwargs'] = kwargs class B(A): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(B, self).__init__(args, kwargs) print 'Instance A:', A('monkey', banana=True) #Instance A: {'args': ('monkey',), 'kwargs': {'banana': True}} print 'Instance B:', B('monkey', banana=True) #Instance B: {'args': (('monkey',), {'banana': True}), 'kwargs': {}} I'm just trying to get classes A and B to have consistent values set. I'm not sure why the kwargs are being inserted into the args, but I'm to presume I am either calling init() wrong from the subclass or I'm trying to do something that you just can't do. Any tips?

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• Python - counting sign changes

  - by dadashek

  I have a list of numbers I am reading left to right. Anytime I encounter a sign change when reading the sequence I want to count it. X = [-3,2,7,-4,1,-1,1,6,-1,0,-2,1] X = [-, +, +, -, +, -, +, +, -, -,-,+] So, in this list there are 8 sign changes. When Item [0] (in this case -3) is negative it is considered a sign change. Also, any 0 in the list is considered [-]. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Load resources? - wxPython / Python

  - by Francisco Aleixo

  Hello everyone. I am using wxPython and Py2exe to create my application and my only problem is loading for example bitmaps. Ok so lets say I want to add an image to my application, and thats fairly easy using wxPython, and lets say it is on the same directory of my .py so for example: image = wx.StaticBitmap(self, -1, wx.Bitmap('image.bmp') Now, this works obviously fine, problem is when I convert to Py2exe, I would like to use the resources from the dlls that I included in the Py2Exe compilation. So basically what I want to do is to instead of including the images on the same folder as my application in order to work, I would like to use it from the resources so people won't see the images on the folder.

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• Python - Things one MUST avoid

  - by Anurag Uniyal

  Today I was bitten again by "Mutable default arguments" after many years. I usually don't use mutable default arguments unless needed but I think with time I forgot about that, and today in the application I added tocElements=[] in a pdf generation function's argument list and now 'Table of Content' gets longer and longer after each invocation of "generate pdf" :) My question is what other things should I add to my list of things to MUST avoid? 1 Mutable default arguments 2 import modules always same way e.g. 'from y import x' and 'import x' are totally different things actually they are treated as different modules see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1459236/module-reimported-if-imported-from-different-path 3 Do not use range in place of lists because range() will become an iterator anyway, so things like this will fail, so wrap it by list myIndexList = [0,1,3] isListSorted = myIndexList == range(3) # will fail in 3.0 isListSorted = myIndexList == list(range(3)) # will not same thing can be mistakenly done with xrange e.g myIndexList == xrange(3). 4 Catching multiple exceptions try: raise KeyError("hmm bug") except KeyError,TypeError: print TypeError It prints "hmm bug", though it is not a bug, it looks like we are catching exceptions of type KeyError,TypeError but instead we are catching KeyError only as variable TypeError, instead use try: raise KeyError("hmm bug") except (KeyError,TypeError): print TypeError

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• python multiprocess update dictionary synchronously

  - by user1050325

  I am trying to update one common dictionary through multiple processes. Could you please help me find out what is the problem with this code? I get the following output: inside function {1: 1, 2: -1} comes here inside function {1: 0, 2: 2} comes here {1: 0, 2: -1} Thanks. from multiprocessing import Lock, Process, Manager l= Lock() def computeCopyNum(test,val): l.acquire() test[val]=val print "inside function" print test l.release() return a=dict({1: 0, 2: -1}) procs=list() for i in range(1,3): p = Process(target=computeCopyNum, args=(a,i)) procs.append(p) p.start() for p in procs: p.join() print "comes here" print a

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• Problem with for-loop in python

  - by Protean

  This code is supposed to be able to sort the items in self.array based upon the order of the characters in self.order. The method sort runs properly until the third iteration, unil for some reason the for loop seems to repeat indefinitely. What is going on here? class sorting_class: def __init__(self): self.array = ['ca', 'bd', 'ac', 'ab'] #An array of strings self.arrayt = [] self.globali = 0 self.globalii = 0 self.order = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] #Order of characters self.orderi = 0 self.carry = [] self.leave = [] self.sortedlist = [] def sort(self): for arrayi in self.arrayt: #This should only loop for the number items in self.arrayt. However, the third time this is run it seems to loop indefinitely. print ('run', arrayi) #Shows the problem if self.order[self.orderi] == arrayi[self.globali]: self.carry.append(arrayi) else: if self.globali != 0: self.leave.append(arrayi) def srt(self): self.arrayt = self.array my.sort() #First this runs the first time. while len(self.sortedlist) != len(self.array): if len(self.carry) == 1: self.sortedlist.append(self.carry) self.arrayt = self.leave self.leave = [] self.carry = [] self.globali = 1 self.orderi = 0 my.sort() elif len(self.carry) == 0: if len(self.leave) != 0: #Because nothing matches 'aa' during the second iteration, this code runs the third time" self.arrayt = self.leave self.globali = 1 self.orderi += 1 my.sort() else: self.arrayt = self.array self.globalii += 1 self.orderi = self.globalii self.globali = 0 my.sort() self.orderi = 0 else: #This is what runs the second time. self.arrayt = self.carry self.carry = [] self.globali += 1 my.sort() my = sorting_class() my.srt()

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• Search for a pattern in a list of strings - Python

  - by Holtz

  I have a list of strings containing filenames such as, file_names = ['filei.txt','filej.txt','filek.txt','file2i.txt','file2j.txt','file2k.txt','file3i.txt','file3j.txt','file3k.txt'] I then remove the .txt extension using: extension = os.path.commonprefix([n[::-1] for n in file_names])[::-1] file_names_strip = [n[:-len(extension)] for n in file_names] And then return the last character of each string in the list file_names_strip: h = [n[-1:] for n in file_names_strip] Which gives h = ['i', 'j', 'k', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'i', 'j', 'k'] How can i test for a pattern of strings in h? So if i,j,k occur sequentially it would return True and False if not. I need to know this because not all file names are formatted like they are in file_names. So: test_ijk_pattern(h) = True no_pattern = ['1','2','3','1','2','3','1','2','3'] test_ijk_pattern(no_pattern) = False

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• Python and hebrew encoding/decoding error

  - by user340495

  Hey, I have sqlite database which I would like to insert values in Hebrew to I am keep getting the following error : UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xd7 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128) my code is as following : runsql(u'INSERT into personal values(%(ID)d,%(name)s)' % {'ID':1,'name':fabricate_hebrew_name()}) def fabricate_hebrew_name(): hebrew_names = [u'????',u'???',u'???',u'???',u'????',u'???',u'????',u'???',u'????',u'?????',u'????',u'???',u'????'] return random.sample(names,1)[0].encode('utf-8') note: runsql executing the query on the sqlite database fabricate_hebrew_name() should return a string which could be used in my SQL query. any help is much appreciated.

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• Is there an admin plugin for Python Pylon?

  - by Timmy

  Im moving from django to pylons, is there an admin app?

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• How to override built-in getattr in Python?

  - by Stephen Gross

  I know how to override an object's getattr() to handle calls to undefined object functions. However, I would like to achieve the same behavior for the builtin getattr() function. For instance, consider code like this: call_some_undefined_function() Normally, that simply produces an error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> NameError: name 'call_some_undefined_function' is not defined I want to override getattr() so that I can intercept the call to "call_some_undefined_function()" and figure out what to do. Is this possible? Thanks, --Steve

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• Python urllib2 multiple try statement on urlopen()

  - by Kura

  So, simply I want to be able to run a for across a list of URLs, if one fails then I want to continue on to try the next. I've tried using the following but sadly it throws and exception if the first URL doesn't work. servers = ('http://www.google.com', 'http://www.stackoverflow.com') for server in servers: try: u = urllib2.urlopen(server) except urllib2.URLError: continue else: break else: raise Any ideas? Thanks in advance.

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• Python Tkinter comparing PhotoImage objects

  - by Kyle Schmidt

  In a simple LightsOut game, when I click on a light I need to toggle the image on a button. I'm doing this with Tkinter, so I thought I'd just check and see what image is currently on the button (either 'on.gif' or 'off.gif') and set it to the other one, like this: def click(self,x,y): if self.buttons[x][y].image == self.on: self.buttons[x][y].config(image=self.off) self.buttons[x][y].image == self.off else: self.buttons[x][y].config(image=self.on) self.buttons[x][y].image == self.on This ends up always being True - I can turn a lgiht off, but never turn it back on. Did some research, realized that I should probably be using cmp: def click(self,x,y): if cmp(self.buttons[x][y].image,self.on) == 0: self.buttons[x][y].config(image=self.off) self.buttons[x][y].image == self.off else: self.buttons[x][y].config(image=self.on) self.buttons[x][y].image == self.on But that gave me the exact same result. Both self.on and self.off are PhotoImage objects. Aside from keeping a separate set of lists which tracks what type of light is in each position and redrawing them every click, is there a way to directly compare two PhotoImage objects like this?

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• Working with OAuth on Google with Python

  - by Dan Loewenherz

  I'm having a very frustrating time creating a valid signature for Google's OAuth implementation. I have narrowed it all down to the fact that my signature-generation code has an error of some sort; what it is I have no idea. This is the signature base string in its entirety: GET&https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Faccounts%2FOAuthGetAccessToken&oauth_consumer_key%3Ddlosplayground.appspot.com%26oauth_nonce%3D72815d55697cb24301fab03e1f7f1d66%26oauth_signature_method%3DHMAC-SHA1%26oauth_timestamp%3D1274327867%26oauth_token%3D4%252FX2cZ54JuseQbgRwzTBzZ7lqIwqof%26oauth_verifier%3Dihf0F2Fx%252FpnCmwbVQnk2xMre%26oauth_version%3D1.0 The OAuth Playground returns an oauth_signature of gF8qAfWjpdKjKb4KR%2FvA2Gy0vhU%3D. My code gives me ikMpIKJQJ58jseg%2BKPBTecjmYPE%3D, so obviously I'm doing something wrong. Here's my signature generation code (equivalent to that of the standard oauth.py library): binascii.b2a_base64(hmac.new(CONSUMER_SECRET, BASE_STRING, hashlib.sha1).digest())[:-1] Any thoughts?

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• Python: Problem Importing Function From Another Module

  - by Rafid K. Abdullah

  I have a module called nbemail.py and in this module I want to use the function package_post defined in the module main.py. I am using this statement: from api.main import package_post But I am getting this error: ImportError: cannot import name package_post I really don't know why I am getting this error! I do have _init_.py files in the api directory (which contains the files nbemail.py and main.py) and I do have the function package_post defined in main.py. Any idea to help fixing this problem?

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• problem with hierarchical clustering in Python

  - by user248237

  I am doing a hierarchical clustering a 2 dimensional matrix by correlation distance metric (i.e. 1 - Pearson correlation). My code is the following (the data is in a variable called "data"): from hcluster import * Y = pdist(data, 'correlation') cluster_type = 'average' Z = linkage(Y, cluster_type) dendrogram(Z) The error I get is: ValueError: Linkage 'Z' contains negative distances. What causes this error? The matrix "data" that I use is simply: [[ 156.651968 2345.168618] [ 158.089968 2032.840106] [ 207.996413 2786.779081] [ 151.885804 2286.70533 ] [ 154.33665 1967.74431 ] [ 150.060182 1931.991169] [ 133.800787 1978.539644] [ 112.743217 1478.903191] [ 125.388905 1422.3247 ]] I don't see how pdist could ever produce negative numbers when taking 1 - pearson correlation. Any ideas on this? thank you.

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