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• Extend RAID 1 (HP SmartArray P410i) running Linux

  - by Oliver

  I took over a fairly simple server setup with the following RAID 1 config running Ubuntu 11.10 (Kernel 3.0.0-12-server x86_64): => ctrl all show config Smart Array P410i in Slot 0 (Embedded) (sn: removed) array A (SAS, Unused Space: 1335535 MB) logicaldrive 1 (279.4 GB, RAID 1, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:1 (port 1I:box 1:bay 1, SAS, 1 TB, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:2 (port 1I:box 1:bay 2, SAS, 1 TB, OK) Initially there were two 300GB disks that got replaced by 1TB disks and I now have to extend the logical volume to use that extra space. However, when trying to do so I get the following warning: => ctrl slot=0 ld 1 modify size=max Warning: Extension may not be supported on certain operating systems. Performing extension on these operating systems can cause data to become inaccessible. See ACU documentation for details. Continue? (y/n) Is it safe to say yes or am I at risk of corrupting the file system / loosing data? Rearranging and extending the file system afterwards shouldn't be an issue as I can take the server offline and boot from a gparted live disk. Here's the config of the RAID controller in use: => ctrl all show detail Smart Array P410i in Slot 0 (Embedded) Bus Interface: PCI Slot: 0 Serial Number: removed RAID 6 (ADG) Status: Disabled Controller Status: OK Hardware Revision: Rev C Firmware Version: 5.12 Rebuild Priority: Medium Expand Priority: Medium Surface Scan Delay: 15 secs Surface Scan Mode: Idle Wait for Cache Room: Disabled Surface Analysis Inconsistency Notification: Disabled Post Prompt Timeout: 0 secs Cache Board Present: False Drive Write Cache: Disabled SATA NCQ Supported: True And the partition table: Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 274GB 274GB primary ext4 boot 2 274GB 300GB 25.8GB extended 5 274GB 300GB 25.8GB logical linux-swap(v1)

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• How to get multipath working for Ubuntu Server 12.04

  - by mlampi

  I'm working on a project which aims to make use of Ubuntu servers running on enterprise class hardware. In our case that means IBM HS23E blade servers, QLogic 4GB fibre channel extension cards and quite old IBM DS4500 disk array with two controllers. At the moment we have fibre channel as only boot option and Ubuntu Server 12.04 installed just fine and is able to boot without multipath. I'm not a linux professional myself but in our team we have people who will understand the technical stuff. Don't let my post confuse :) The current situation is that we have only one fibre channel connection to a single disk array controller. Real life case would be of course quite different. At minimum we should have two fibre channel ports connected to two different switches and two different controllers. However, we have no idea how to set up multipath tool. Is the DM-MPIO the right software? At minimum we should be able to boot when multiple connections are available and achieve fault tolerance when any of them should be down. Since the disk array is not the latest hardware, I managed to find RDAC driver sources only for 2.6.x kernel. And we have 3.2.x. Another issue is to build a multipath.conf. The said driver sources are from IBM support and the QLogic drivers provided to Ubuntu installer are from Ubuntu site. It seems that RHEL and SLES would have near out of the box support but that is not an option for our project. Actual questions: - What is the recommended software tool for multipath for Ubuntu Server 12.04? - Is there available pre-made configurations or templates? Does it require disk array / controller specific settings or do a more generic config work? - Do you have expriences on similar setup and like to share the knowledge? I'll provide you with any additional information you might require. Thanks in advance.

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• Enable CPU fan always on

  - by Gundars Meness

  I am using 3 years old overheating laptop and I want my CPU fan to be spinning 24/7 regardless of the consequences. How to make it spin? The problem is that CPU & GPU heats up to 68°C (154 F) right after boot and never goes down, because CPU fan is not spinning full throttle. It starts spinning faster when temperature goes over 70°C and stops when it reaches seventy again. When doing heavy work on databases, it gets from 70 to 90 in no-time and automatically powers off. Bios does not contain any "fan spin 100%" options, just "spin slowly all the time" and "auto" which is more useless than the first one since my fan doesn't have pwm wire. Currently I'm solving this with cooling stand (3x5V), but it isn't much of a help. I would rather use the CPU fan since it is the only fan directly responsible for cooling down CPU/GPU. But how to make it spin 100% all the time? Should I attach it's red power wire to motherboard to get constant 5V (is there such option?), or is there an option to control it via software? Laptop: Samsung R528 2.3 GHz Intel i3 with Nvidia GeForce 310M Bios: Phoenix 03KT.M003.20100622.KSJ (and that is latest update) OS: Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS with 3.2.0.51 kernel CPU fan: Image/Description Has 5V 0,4A and only 3 pins, no pwm. P.S. Yes, I did clean everything with alcohol, freed the air vents, changed thermal paste etc; that reduced temperature by 4 degrees.

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• Linux RFID reader HID Device not matching driver

  - by blietaer

  Hello, I got a RFID reader (GigaTek PCR330A-00) that is meant to be recognized under linux/windows as a (Human Interface Device) keyboard/USB. I hate to say this but it is working as a charm under Win7 but not "really" under Linux. Under Debian-like distros (x/k/Ubuntu, Debian,..), or Gentoo, or... I just can't have the device working at all: the device scan well (it has its USB 5V, so it is happy/beeping/blinking) something happened in the dmesg, but no immediate screen display of the RFID Tag code as expected (and seen under win7) Support is claiming it is ok under RHEL or SLED "enterprises" distros... and I must admit I saw it working under a RHEL4... I tried stealing the driver but did not succeed having my reader working... My question is thus double: 1./ How can I hack the kernel to add support to my device (simply register PID/VID?) ? 2./ What is different at all in a "enterprise" proprietary distro? how can I re-use it? Thank you for any hint/help. Cheers,

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• Iptables: "-p udp --state ESTABLISHED"

  - by chris_l

  Hi, let's look at these two iptables rules which are often used to allow outgoing DNS: iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --sport 1024:65535 --dport 53 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp --sport 53 --dport 1024:65535 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT My question is: How exactly should I understand the ESTABLISHED state in UDP? UDP is stateless. Here is my intuition - I'd like to know, if or where this is incorrect: The man page tells me this: state This module, when combined with connection tracking, allows access to the connection tracking state for this packet. --state ... So, iptables basically remembers the port number that was used for the outgoing packet (what else could it remember for a UDP packet?), and then allows the first incoming packet that is sent back within a short timeframe? An attacker would have to guess the port number (would that really be too hard?) About avoiding conflicts: The kernel keeps track of which ports are blocked (either by other services, or by previous outgoing UDP packets), so that these ports will not be used for new outgoing DNS packets within the timeframe? (What would happen, if I accidentally tried to start a service on that port within the timeframe - would that attempt be denied/blocked?) Please find all errors in the above text :-) Thanks, Chris

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• Unable to Access Certain Websites

  - by codejoust

  Through a local network, all computers except one ubuntu machine can access 1. Adobe.com 2. Icann.org 3. Apache.org 4. Example.com. The ubuntu machine returns (in firefox): "Though the site seems valid, the browser was unable to establish a connection." Furthermore, when I traceroute those websites using the ubuntu machine, they all return ubuntu.local, and it ends there: (traceroute to icann.org (192.0.32.7), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 ubuntu.local (192.168.1.105) 3000.791 ms !H 3000.808 ms !H 3000.814 ms !H I've checked the hosts file, and there isn't anything in there, and I have an apache server there so if it was redirected to localhost, I'd probably see the localhost webroot page. Thanks in advance! user@ubuntu:~$ netstat -nr Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 The Ubuntu Machine is one of six on the network. I'm using opendns for dns, so I do think that should be a problem.

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• There's no sound on Ubuntu with an Intel HDA onboard chip and Realtek ALC1200 codec.

  - by Hanno Fietz

  For a while now, my sound has not been working in Ubuntu. It used to play OK, but after some upgrade (might have been distro upgrade to 9.10), it stopped working. I'm currently running 10.04 on an amd64 architecture. I'm using the builtin audio on a Foxconn motherboard, it's an ATI / Intel HDA chip with an Azalia controller, apparently it's using the Realtek ALC1200 codec. All the gory details here. I found a nice sound troubleshooting tutorial here, which is well-written and pretty extensive, however, I fail to look up the supported "models" for my soundcard. The troubleshooting page says to look for a section giving the codec used by your soundcard, which looks like this for me: !!HDA-Intel Codec information !!--------------------------- --startcollapse-- Codec: Realtek ALC1200 Then, I'm supposed to lookup the models for that codec in the file Documentation/ALSA-Configuration.txt in the appropriate directory of ALSA's git repository. Mine actually pointed me to a separate file, Documentation/HD-Audio-Models.txt, which, for my driver version is located here and contains no section related to ALC1200 codecs. I tried putting the driver options probe-mask=1 and model=auto in a config file for modprobe, as suggested elsewhere, but this just lead to snd-hda-intel not able to load at all anymore. I also tried installing the linux-backports-modules-alsa package for my kernel, because the description sounded promising, but that didn't change anything, either.

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• bond0 and xen = crash

  - by Rajat

  Bonding with xen 1 - Stop all guests. Reboot dom0 after running "chkconfig xend off" and "chkconfig xendomains off". 2 - Configure bond0 by enslaving eth0 and eth1 to it. I added the below two entries to /etc/modprobe.conf. alias bond0 bonding options bond0 mode=6,miimon=100 Content of /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 USERCTL=no ONBOOT=yes MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes BOOTPROTO=none Content of /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 DEVICE=eth1 USERCTL=no ONBOOT=yes MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes BOOTPROTO=none Content of /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0 DEVICE=bond0 IPADDR= NETMASK= ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=static USERCTL=no Did "modprobe bond0" and "service network restart" after that. 3 - Edit /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp Change (network-script network-bridge) To (network-script 'network-bridge netdev=bond0') 4 - Start xend. "service xend start". 5 - chkconfig xend on. 6 - modprode bond0 7 - more /proc/net/bonding/bond0 8 - Create guest images as usual and bridge it to xenbr0. about config i did for my xen kernel rhel 5.3 after i reboot the host server i get in place bond0 get pbond0 and its get disconnect from network only i ping to my vm's on the host server any one have any idea why xen bond0 is acting like that or what is solutions to come out of pbond0 to bond0.

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• Custom MS-DOS / FreeDOS

  - by user1801387

  Goal : Build a custom DOS to boot into. To automate tasks like formating a drive, or doing recovery. I've been using Grub4DOS to boot into these images. So far I've looking into taking a windows repair disk ISO and extracting. I can't seem to find the autoexec.bat in the disk. I really don't know where to look for the startup configuration file to change or how to add an autoexec.bat. I've tried MS-DOS 6.22. But it lacks the diskpart tool I require. I've tried extracting the images and adding it. Then I got a boot failed. I assume that after i added it. All the files when to lower case names and I assume that the OS is case sensitive. Then I've looking into using FreeDOS. But I don't know how it works at all. Partially because I can't seem to grasp the help/wiki's information. I looked into getting a bearbones release with just the kernel and I think it's the config.sys file. But I don't have any idea on how the packaging system works to incorporate diskpart into it. So really I'm in general looking for a small bootable DOS to where I can incorporate diskpart and setup an autoexec.bat for the actual function to carry out and to boot into. Thanks :) This is just for personal use also.

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• How do I create a wifi network bridge with qemu on OS X?

  - by a paid nerd

  I grabbed a small FreeBSD live CD and QEMU, and I'm trying to bridge my Mac OS X 10.8 wifi connection so that the guest OS is available on my LAN. However, the guest OS never gets a DHCP lease. This works perfectly with VirtualBox in their "bridged" network mode, so I know it can be done. I need to get it working with QEMU because VirtualBox doesn't support the architecture that I need for this project. Here's what I've done so far based on hours of googling: Installed TUNTAP for OS X Told OS X to supposedly forward all packets, even ARP: (NOTE: This doesn't appear to work.) $ sudo sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 $ sudo sysctl -w net.link.ether.inet.proxyall=1 $ sudo sysctl -w net.inet.ip.fw.enable=1 Created a bridge: $ sudo ifconfig bridge0 create $ sudo ifconfig bridge0 addm en0 addm tap0 $ sudo ifconfig bridge0 up $ ifconfig bridge0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether ac:de:xx:xx:xx:xx Configuration: priority 0 hellotime 0 fwddelay 0 maxage 0 ipfilter disabled flags 0x2 member: en0 flags=3<LEARNING,DISCOVER> port 4 priority 0 path cost 0 member: tap0 flags=3<LEARNING,DISCOVER> port 8 priority 0 path cost 0 tap0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether ca:3d:xx:xx:xx:xx open (pid 88244) Started tcpdump with -I in the hopes that it enables promiscuous mode on the wifi device: $ sudo tcpdump -In -i en0 Run QEMU using the bridged network instructions: $ qemu-system-x86_64 -cdrom mfsbsd-9.2-RELEASE-amd64.iso -m 1024 \ -boot d -net nic -net tap,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no But the guest system never gets a DHCP lease: If I tcpdump -ni tap0, I see lots of traffic from the wireless network. But if I tcpdump -ni en0, I don't see any DHCP traffic from the QEMU guest OS. Any ideas? Update 1: I tried sudo defaults write "/Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.Boot" "Kernel Flags" "net.inet.ip.scopedroute=0" and rebooting per this mailing list suggestion, but this didn't help. In fact, it made VirtualBox bridged mode stop working.

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• MySQL not releasing temp file descriptors

  - by Wakaru44

  Since a few days ago, we’ve been experiencing some serious problems with our MySQL installation: MySQL keeps opening temporal files (normal behaviour) but these files are never released. The consequence is that, eventually, the disk space is exhausted and we have to restart the service and clean up /tmp manually. Using lsof, we see something like this: mysqld 16866 mysql 5u REG 8,3 0 692 /tmp/ibyWJylQ (deleted) mysqld 16866 mysql 6u REG 8,3 0 707 /tmp/ibf5adsT (deleted) mysqld 16866 mysql 7u REG 8,3 0 728 /tmp/ibGjPRyW (deleted) mysqld 16866 mysql 8u REG 8,3 0 5678 /tmp/ibMQDLMZ (deleted) mysqld 16866 mysql 13u REG 8,3 0 5679 /tmp/ibQAnM42 (deleted) Maybe it's not related, but when we shutdown the server, the files are finally freed, and we can see the following warnings in the MySQL log: 121029 7:44:27 [Warning] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Forcing close of thread 1333 user: 'xxx' 121029 7:44:27 [Warning] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Forcing close of thread 1156 user: 'yyy' 121029 7:44:27 [Warning] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Forcing close of thread 1151 user: 'zzz' where 'xxx', 'yyy' and 'zzz' are distinct mysql users (and the only 3 users with active connections to the database). We have a few theories: There is a problem in the OS, that keeps file handlers open. Could it be possible that the OS "delete" operation blocks the threads until shutdown? This may explain the warning at shutdown and the fact that files are finally deleted when the process dies. Until now, data sets were so small that temp files were relatively small and there was enough time to release the file handles without exhausting disk space. We are using Mysql 5.5 on a RHEL 6.2 with the default kernel.

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• GRE Tunnel over IPsec with Loopback

  - by Alek

  Hello, I'm having a really hard time trying to estabilish a VPN connection using a GRE over IPsec tunnel. The problem is that it involves some sort of "loopback" connection which I don't understand -- let alone be able to configure --, and the only help I could find is related to configuring Cisco routers. My network is composed of a router and a single host running Debian Linux. My task is to create a GRE tunnel over an IPsec infrastructure, which is particularly intended to route multicast traffic between my network, which I am allowed to configure, and a remote network, for which I only bear a form containing some setup information (IP addresses and phase information for IPsec). For now it suffices to estabilish a communication between this single host and the remote network, but in the future it will be desirable for the traffic to be routed to other machines on my network. As I said this GRE tunnel involves a "loopback" connection which I have no idea of how to configure. From my previous understanding, a loopback connection is simply a local pseudo-device used mostly for testing purposes, but in this context it might be something more specific that I do not have the knowledge of. I have managed to properly estabilish the IPsec communication using racoon and ipsec-tools, and I believe I'm familiar with the creation of tunnels and addition of addresses to interfaces using ip, so the focus is on the GRE step. The worst part is that the remote peers do not respond to ping requests and the debugging of the general setup is very difficult due to the encrypted nature of the traffic. There are two pairs of IP addresses involved: one pair for the GRE tunnel peer-to-peer connection and one pair for the "loopback" part. There is also an IP range involved, which is supposed to be the final IP addresses for the hosts inside the VPN. My question is: how (or if) can this setup be done? Do I need some special software or another daemon, or does the Linux kernel handle every aspect of the GRE/IPsec tunneling? Please inform me if any extra information could be useful. Any help is greatly appreciated.

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• Millions of files in php's tmp error - how to delete?

  - by Jonatan Littke

  Hey. I've got a tmp-folder with 14 million php session files in my home directory. At least that's what I think it is, it's not like I could ls it or anything. How can I empty this folder? I've tried using find with the -exec rm {} \; commands but that didn't work. ls 'sess_0*' | xargs rm did neither. I'm currently running rm -rf tmp but after two hours the folder appears to be the same size. REFERENCE INFO: I suddenly encountered an error where SESSIONS could no longer be written to disk: [Mon Apr 19 19:58:32 2010] [warn] mod_fcgid: stderr: PHP Warning: Unknown: open(/var/www/clients/client1/web1/tmp/sess_8e12742b62aa68a3f9476ec80222bbfb, O_RDWR) failed: No space left on device (28) in Unknown on line 0 [Mon Apr 19 19:58:32 2010] [warn] mod_fcgid: stderr: PHP Warning: Unknown: Failed to write session data (files). Please verify that the current setting of session.save_path is correct (/var/www/clients/client1/web1/tmp) in Unknown on line 0 I ran: $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/md0 457G 126G 308G 29% / tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 10M 664K 9.4M 7% /dev tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev/shm But as you can see, the disk isn't full. So I had a look in the syslog which says the following 20 times per second: kernel: [19570794.361241] EXT3-fs warning (device md0): ext3_dx_add_entry: Directory index full! This led me thinking to a full folder, obviously, but since my web folder only has 60k files (having counted them), I guessed it was the tmp folder (the local one, for this instance of php) that messed things up. Some commands I ran: $ sudo ls sess_a* | xargs rm -f bash: /usr/bin/sudo: Argument list too long find . -exec rm {} \; rm: cannot remove directory '.' find: cannot fork: Cannot allocate memory I'm running Debian Lenny, php5, ISPConfig, SuEXEC and Fast-CGI.

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• Cannot find FIS partition 'initramfs'......... need help!!!

  - by vikramtheone

  Hi Guys, I have a Ubuntu 9.04 Linux running on Freescale's i.MX515(ARM Cortex based) board with me. There were about 250 updates pending and I did that today, well some of the updates failed because of the infamous errors: E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem. E: Couldn't rebuild package cache E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem. So, when I do the 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' I get new errors related to FIS partition: Cannot find FIS partition 'initramfs' User postinst hook script [/usr/sbin/flash-kernel] exited with value 1 dpkg: error processing linux-image-2.6.28-18-imx51 (--configure): subprocess post-installation script returned error exit status 1 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-imx51: linux-image-imx51 depends on linux-image-2.6.28-18-imx51; however: Package linux-image-2.6.28-18-imx51 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-image-imx51 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-imx51: linux-imx51 depends on linux-image-imx51 (= 2.6.28.18.23); however: Package linux-image-imx51 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-imx51 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-2.6.28-18-imx51 Cannot find FIS partition 'initramfs' dpkg: subprocess post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Whats going wrong here, need help!!! I'm a newbie. Regards Vikram

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• GA 8KNXP Rev1.0: 4 GB installed, only 3.5 GB recognized by BIOS

  - by hurikhan77

  I've installed 2x 1 GB and 4x 512 MB memory into my GA-8KNXP system which would sum up to 4 GB. The specification from the manual says: Maximum memory support: 4 GB. If all six slots are utilized, slot 5+6 may only equipped with single-sided RAM modules. And so I did. Anyway: The BIOS counts up to 3.5 GB and finishes there. Also my Linux system reports only 3.5 GB of memory although 4 GB memory support is activated in the kernel. So I suppose this is a memory mapping issue or a hardware issue. I've tried removing only on of the 512 MB memory modules leaving 5 modules in place. But that just stopped the system from powering on correctly (screen stays black although fans and leds come to live). Dual Channel was detected and enabled so the system technically found all 6 modules. "dmidecode" in Linux reports only memory in slots 1 to 4 and ignores slots 5+6, so it only detects 3 GB of memory. It also says the system would support up to 16 GB of memory with 4 GB modules per slot. I think technically the chipset should be able to offer and utilize the complete 4 GB memory range. Any clues what else I could check? Or do I have just to live with 0.5 GB wasted memory?

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• IPSec Tunnel to Amazon EC2 - Netkey, NAT, and routing problem

  - by Ernest Mueller

  Hey all, I'm working on getting an IPSec VPN working between Amazon EC2 and my on-premise. The goal is to be able to safely administer stuff, up/download data, etc. over that tunnel. I have gotten the tunnel up in openswan between a Fedora 12 instance with an elastic IP and a Cisco router that's also NATted. I think the ipsec part is OK, but I'm having trouble figuring out how to route traffic that way; there's no "ipsec0" virutal interface because on Amazon you have to use netkey and not KLIPS for the vpn. I hear iptables may be required and I'm an iptables noob. On the left (Amazon), I have a 10. network. Box 1 is privately 10.254.110.A, publically IP 184.73.168.B. Netkey tunnel is up. Box 2 is publically 130.164.26.C, privately 130.164.0.D And my .conf is: conn ni type= tunnel authby= secret left= 10.254.110.A leftid= 184.73.168.B leftnexthop= %defaultroute leftsubnet= 10.254.0.0/32 right= 130.164.26.C rightid= 130.164.0.D rightnexthop= %defaultroute rightsubnet= 130.164.0.0/18 keyexchange= ike pfs= no auto= start keyingtries= 3 disablearrivalcheck=no ikelifetime= 240m auth= esp compress= no keylife= 60m forceencaps= yes esp= 3des-md5 I added a route to box 1 (130.164.0.0/18 via 10.254.110.A dev eth0) but that doesn't do it for predictable reasons, when I traceroute the traffic's still going "around" and not through the vpn. Routing table: 10.254.110.0/23 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.254.110.A 130.164.0.0/18 via 10.254.110.178 dev eth0 src 10.254.110.A 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1002 Anyone know how to do the routing with a netkey ipsec tunnel where both sides are NATted? Thanks...

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• High disk I/O - jbd2/sda2-8 process

  - by Evan Hamlet

  I have run a file server on a CentOS 5.8 final server. My only concern at the moment is what appears to be intermittent but continuous high disk I/O activity causing a general slowdown because of jbd2/sda2-8 process. jbd2/sda2-8 is making use of /dev/sda2, which is the 2nd partition of the first harddrive (IE: root partition). More info: using "iotop" the culprit appears to be "jbd2/sda1-8" making writes every second, which appears to be a kernel process associated with journaling on the ext4 filesystem, if my googling around is correct. I see "jbd2/sda2-8" appearing here every now and then, but certainly not every 3 seconds.. when idle, it appears about 1 or 2 times per minute. When I'm using the system, it appears more frequently. ATOP results: http://grabilla.com/02b14-8022db2e-4eb9-4f10-8e10-d65c49ad7530.png IOTOP results: http://grabilla.com/02b14-cf74b25d-4063-4447-9210-7d1b9b70e25b.png HTOP results: grabilla. com/02b14-ad8cad0e-89b0-46d3-849d-4fd515c1e690.png jbd2/sda2-8 is the processes I see with iotop making writes on disk even though it's not in use at all. Does someone has any idea how could I solve the high disk usage caused jbd2/sda2-8 process?

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• How to find the real IP to which IPVS is routing a virtual IP

  - by Wayne Conrad

  I'm trying to find a problem server hiding behind a virtual IP (using LVS/ipvs). I've got a test program that sends requests to the virtual IP until it gets the bad response, but how can I tell to which real IP a request to the virtual IP got routed? On the box doing the virtual IP magic, here's the virtual IP configuration (for the service I care about): IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn ... TCP 10.1.0.254:5025 nq -> 10.1.0.5:5025 Route 1 0 1 -> 10.1.0.6:5025 Route 1 0 5 -> 10.1.0.7:5025 Route 1 0 2 -> 10.1.0.9:5025 Local 1 0 3 -> 10.1.0.11:5025 Route 1 0 3 ... My client program is sending TCP requests to 10.1.0.254:5025, usually getting a good response but sometimes a bad response. With this few servers, I could send my request to each server in turn until I discover the culprit, but I wonder if that technique will scale as we add servers. What means exist for me to find out where requests got routed? Kernel: Linux 2.6.32 OS: Debian testing (whatever that's called these days). ipvsadm is version 1.25, compiled with ipvs v1.2.1

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• Xen Windows Guest spawn doesn't spawn a vnc display

  - by Henrik P. Hessel

  I'm using this HVM File to create a new guest kernel = "/usr/lib/xen-3.2-1/boot/hvmloader" builder='hvm' memory = 4096 # Should be at least 2KB per MB of domain memory, plus a few MB per vcpu. shadow_memory = 64 name = "hessel-windows2008" vif = [ 'ip=188.40.xx.xx,mac=00:16:3E:C1:8F:CE' ] acpi = 1 apic = 1 disk = [ 'file:/home/xen/disks/hessel/win2008/win2008.img,hda,w', 'file:/home/xen/isopool/win2008_32.iso,hdc:cdrom,r' ] device_model = '/usr/lib/xen/bin/qemu-dm' #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c) or CD-ROM (d) # default: hard disk, cd-rom, floppy boot="dc" sdl=0 vnc=1 vncdisplay=1 vnclisten="0.0.0.0" vncconsole=1 vncpasswd='howtoforge' stdvga=0 serial='pty' usbdevice='tablet' The guest is created without an error. But no vnc display is created. Any ideas, how to fix that? prometheus:~# netstat -ant Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:615 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 232 188.40.xx.xx:8080 195.36.75.26:54032 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 188.40.xx.xx:8080 195.36.75.26:53085 ESTABLISHED tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::53 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN

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• Is current SATA 6 gb/s equipment simply unreliable?

  - by korkman

  I have a 45-disk array of Seagate Barracuda 3 TB ST3000DM001 (yes these are desktop drives I'm aware of that) in a Supermicro sc847 JBOD, connected via LSI 9285. I have found a solution for the problem description below by reducing speed via MegaCli -PhySetLinkSpeed -phy0 2 -a0; for i in $(seq 48); do MegaCli -PhySetLinkSpeed -phy${i} 2 -a0; done and rebooting. The question remains: Is this typical for current 6 gb/s equipment? Is this the sad state of SATA storage? Or is some of my equipment (the sff-8088 cables come to mind) bad? The Problem was: Synchronizing HW RAID-6, disks kept offlining. Fetching SMART values reveiled that those which offlined did not increase powered-on hours anymore. That is, their firmware (CC4C) seems to crash. Digging into the matter by switching to Software RAID-6, with the disks passed-through, I got tons of kernel messages scattered across all disks, with 6 gb/s: sd 0:0:9:0: [sdb] Sense Key : No Sense [current] Info fld=0x0 sd 0:0:9:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: No additional sense information And finally, when a disk offlines: megasas: [ 5]waiting for 160 commands to complete ... megasas: [35]waiting for 159 commands to complete ... megasas: [155]waiting for 156 commands to complete ... megaraid_sas: pending commands remain after waiting, will reset adapter. Ugly controller reset here, then minutes later: megaraid_sas: Reset successful. sd 0:0:28:0: Device offlined - not ready after error recovery ... sd 0:0:28:0: [sdu] Unhandled error code sd 0:0:28:0: [sdu] Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK sd 0:0:28:0: [sdu] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 23 21 2f 40 00 00 70 00 sd 0:0:28:0: [sdu] killing request Reduced speed to 3 gb/s like written above, all problems vanished.

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• VMWare Workstation Linux Host performance tuning

  - by Hoghweed

  I need to improve my linux hosted vmware workstation for using multiple virtual machines at the same time. I feel very stupid I lost a great blog post link which I found last month (and I'm not able to find it again..) so I try to ask here if anyone can help me: This is my host (laptop): 16GB DDR3 Ram HDD Hybrid 750GB 7200 (8GB SSD Cache) Mint 15 x64 Kernel 3.9.7 swappiness set to 10 The above are the important things about the host. So, My need is the ability to run 2 or 3 VMs at the same time. The lack of performance is about the disk, The last time from that blog post I lost, I setup /tmp to be mounted ad a memory partition and in my previous installation that was good, now I'm not able to find a good solution to tweak the things. I think with 16GB o RAM there will be no problems to run multiple VMs, but whe they start to swap or use the /tmp things going bad (guest cursor going too fast after a freeze, guest freeze and so on) Anyone can help me to fit a good host tweak and configuration to get better performance? Thanks in advance

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• Unable to compile netmap on Fedora 32 bit

  - by John Elf

  This is the error everytime I try to install netmap: Can someone let me know how to isntall the same on e1000e or ixgbe. I have kernel header and source installed. [root@localhost e1000]# make KSRC=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.35.6-45.fc14.i686/ make -C /usr/src/kernels/2.6.35.6-45.fc14.i686/ M=/media/sf_Shared/netmap-linux/net/e1000 modules make[1]: Entering directory /usr/src/kernels/2.6.35.6-45.fc14.i686' CC [M] /media/sf_Shared/netmap-linux/net/e1000/e1000_main.o /media/sf_Shared/netmap-linux/net/e1000/e1000_main.c: In function ‘e1000_setup_tx_resources’: /media/sf_Shared/netmap-linux/net/e1000/e1000_main.c:1485:2: error: implicit declaration of function ‘vzalloc’ /media/sf_Shared/netmap-linux/net/e1000/e1000_main.c:1485:20: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast /media/sf_Shared/netmap-linux/net/e1000/e1000_main.c: In function ‘e1000_setup_rx_resources’: /media/sf_Shared/netmap-linux/net/e1000/e1000_main.c:1680:20: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast /media/sf_Shared/netmap-linux/net/e1000/e1000_main.c: In function ‘e1000_tx_csum’: /media/sf_Shared/netmap-linux/net/e1000/e1000_main.c:2780:2: error: implicit declaration of function ‘skb_checksum_start_offset’ /media/sf_Shared/netmap-linux/net/e1000/e1000_main.c: In function ‘e1000_rx_checksum’: /media/sf_Shared/netmap-linux/net/e1000/e1000_main.c:3689:2: error: implicit declaration of function ‘skb_checksum_none_assert’ /media/sf_Shared/netmap-linux/net/e1000/e1000_main.c: In function ‘e1000_restore_vlan’: /media/sf_Shared/netmap-linux/net/e1000/e1000_main.c:4617:23: error: ‘VLAN_N_VID’ undeclared (first use in this function) /media/sf_Shared/netmap-linux/net/e1000/e1000_main.c:4617:23: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in make[2]: *** [/media/sf_Shared/netmap-linux/net/e1000/e1000_main.o] Error 1 make[1]: *** [_module_/media/sf_Shared/netmap-linux/net/e1000] Error 2 make[1]: Leaving directory/usr/src/kernels/2.6.35.6-45.fc14.i686' make: * [all] Error 2

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• Why am I unable to reach local network computers, but able to browse the web?

  - by Igor Zinov'yev

  I have a weird problem. Today after turning my Ubuntu 9.10 PC on I can't connect to my local network, but I can use the Internet. We have a single Windows 2003 server machine that acts as a local main DNS server, DHCP server and a domain controller. Although it seems to give me the local IP address, I can not ping it, as well as any other machine on the net. I have tried all of the below and it didn't help: Rebooting; Reconnecting to the network; Forcing the dhclient to renew the IP address; Deleting and creating new connection profiles; Plugging my machine into another network outlet; Maybe it has something to do with routing, because I have tampered with routing tables the day before, but the tables seem ok to me: $ route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 vboxnet0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 Our LAN uses a D-Link DI-604 router, and it looks to me as if I am connected to the network outside the router. I can not even access its administration page. Please at least suggest what I can do to solve this. P.S. What seems strangest to me is that I can access the PC in question from outside the network by opening a port on the router. I have managed to ssh to it from outside, but I still can't ping nothing on the inside. P.P.S Today I tried reinstalling network-manager with --purge option, but it did no good. After that I created a new DCHP reservation for my PC in order to change my local IP, but that didn't change anything either. My PC is able to get a DHCP offer, but then it's unable to connect to any local computers. I am desperate.

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• How to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux on Apple Macbook Pro MacBookPro4,1

  - by Todd V. Rovito

  I have a one year old Mac Book Pro that I am trying to get RHEL 5.4 installed on via bootcamp. No matter what I do I can't get the installer to boot. I have tried multiple DVD's and even verified the install works on a new Mac Book Pro. Most of the time the installer simply locks up. I usually use Linux text with all-generic-ide on the boot line. I removed the ide parameter and I just used linux text. The results I get are that a bunch of kernel messages appear then the background turns blue and a thin text box pops up saying its loading ata..... something it disappears too fast for me to read. Then the machine freezes. I pressed the alt function keys to see if I could look at the system log, here is what it says: Alt-f3 says "trying to mount CD device hda" Alt-f4 says status error: hda: lastFailedSense Hda: Failed opcode was: unknown Hda: Lost interrupt Hda: Drive not ready for command Ide-cd: command 0x3 timed out Above this junk it looks like it found the partition because it knew it was 20 GB and listed as /dev/sda3. I think it has something to do with the CD drive, is that possible? Thanks again for the support. PS I posted in the apple support forums ( Apple.com Support Discussions Boot Camp Installation and Storage) and didn't get an answer.

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• Speakers silent, headphones work in Ubuntu 9.04

  - by CarlF

  I'm running Ubuntu 9.04. Worked fine for months, then I rebooted yesterday after weeks of continuous operation. Now audio won't play through the speakers. The USB headset works fine, but the Conexant audio (CX20549) does not. Weirdly, it thinks it's playing. pavumeter shows appropriate levels, volume looks OK in alsamixer, but no sound. I did find this page: http://www.eugeneteplitsky.com/fixing-silent-pulseaudio-in-ubuntu-9-04/ Unfortunately the advice there doesn't help me. For one thing, the syntax for the alsa-base.conf file is apparently not actually documented anywhere. For another, my chipset isn't listed in the kernel.org docs he links to! EDIT: would upgrading to 9.10 help? Is there a major change in the audio subsystem between 9.04 and 9.10? Any suggestions? EDIT 2: This is stranger than I thought. Sound works normally in Xine, but is silent in Audacity, VLC and mplayer. What the?

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