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  • Why don't languages include implication as a logical operator?

    - by Maciej Piechotka
    It might be a strange question, but why there is no implication as a logical operator in many languages (Java, C, C++, Python Haskell - although as last one have user defined operators its trivial to add it)? I find logical implication much clearer to write (particularly in asserts or assert-like expressions) then negation with or: encrypt(buf, key, mode, iv = null) { assert (mode != ECB --> iv != null); assert (mode == ECB || iv != null); assert (implies(mode != ECB, iv != null)); // User-defined function }

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  • Why aren't web frameworks simple, elegant and fun like programming languages? [on hold]

    - by Ryan
    When I think of pretty much any programming language - like C, C++, PHP, SQL, JavaScript, Python, ActionScript, Haskell, Lua, Lisp, Java, etc - I'm like awesome I would love to develop a computer application using any of those languages. But when I think of web frameworks(I do mostly PHP) - like Cake, CI, Symfony, Laravel, Zend, Drupal, Joomla, Wordpress, Rails, Django, etc - I'm like god no. Why aren't there web frameworks that provide me with simple, fun and powerful constructs like a programming language?

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  • Google Analytics: Why is Avg Time on Site lower than Avg time on Page?

    - by Melanie
    I have the following Custom Report set up in Google Analytics: Metrics: Avg Time on Page Avg Time on Site Dimensions: Page So a report looks like this: Page Avg Time on Page Avg Time on Site /an-article 00:03:14 00:00:11 /another-article 00:05:11 00:01:07 /something-written 00:03:00 00:00:31 Why is it that for each 'page', the 'site views' are significantly lower?

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  • Why the static data members have to be defined outside the class separately in C++ (unlike Java)?

    - by iammilind
    class A { static int foo () {} // ok static int x; // <--- needed to be defined separately in .cpp file }; I don't see a need of having A::x defined separately in a .cpp file (or same file for templates). Why can't be A::x declared and defined at the same time? Has it been forbidden for historical reasons? My main question is, will it affect any functionality if static data members were declared/defined at the same time (same as Java) ?

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  • Why is learning assembly language seen as a disadvantage?

    - by cprogcr
    I was recently reading an article about making a compiler, and one of the disadvantages mentioned about making a compiler instead of interpreter, was "Learning Assembly language".I understand that perhaps it takes a little more time to learn ASM than it would take for a high level language. But why should it be seen as a disadvantage? And this is not the first time, I mean there are a lot of articles which see ASM as a disadvantage or not important.Personally I find ASM interesting and not at all as a "disadvantage".

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  • Why do the Escape and Enter keys not always do the right thing in dialog boxes?

    - by Michael Goldshteyn
    Why is it that when a dialog pops up, the Escape key doesn't always cancel it and the Enter key doesn't always press the default button? Shouldn't this be a standard across all dialog boxes in all applications? I have gotten into the habit of pressing Escape to cancel a dialog and Enter to confirm it, but applications (and especially KDE, GNOME and Unity in many many cases) seem to ignore my wishes. What is the problem? Is consitency too much to ask?

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  • Why can't the IT industry deliver large, faultless projects quickly as in other industries?

    - by MainMa
    After watching National Geographic's MegaStructures series, I was surprised how fast large projects are completed. Once the preliminary work (design, specifications, etc.) is done on paper, the realization itself of huge projects take just a few years or sometimes a few months. For example, Airbus A380 "formally launched on Dec. 19, 2000", and "in the Early March, 2005", the aircraft was already tested. The same goes for huge oil tankers, skyscrapers, etc. Comparing this to the delays in software industry, I can't help wondering why most IT projects are so slow, or more precisely, why they cannot be as fast and faultless, at the same scale, given enough people? Projects such as the Airbus A380 present both: Major unforeseen risks: while this is not the first aircraft built, it still pushes the limits if the technology and things which worked well for smaller airliners may not work for the larger one due to physical constraints; in the same way, new technologies are used which were not used yet, because for example they were not available in 1969 when Boeing 747 was done. Risks related to human resources and management in general: people quitting in the middle of the project, inability to reach a person because she's on vacation, ordinary human errors, etc. With those risks, people still achieve projects like those large airliners in a very short period of time, and despite the delivery delays, those projects are still hugely successful and of a high quality. When it comes to software development, the projects are hardly as large and complicated as an airliner (both technically and in terms of management), and have slightly less unforeseen risks from the real world. Still, most IT projects are slow and late, and adding more developers to the project is not a solution (going from a team of ten developer to two thousand will sometimes allow to deliver the project faster, sometimes not, and sometimes will only harm the project and increase the risk of not finishing it at all). Those which are still delivered may often contain a lot of bugs, requiring consecutive service packs and regular updates (imagine "installing updates" on every Airbus A380 twice per week to patch the bugs in the original product and prevent the aircraft from crashing). How can such differences be explained? Is it due exclusively to the fact that software development industry is too young to be able to manage thousands of people on a single project in order to deliver large scale, nearly faultless products very fast?

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  • Some Facebook Pages Show Tabs On The Top Of Page, And Others On The Left. Why?

    - by mickburkejnr
    Hi everyone, I am developing a Facebook page for my web design/development business, and I've noticed that the page I have created has the tabs aligned to the left hand side of the page underneath the page image. I then look at other pages such as Wetherspoons and Porsche and their tabs are aligned to the top of the page. Why is it like this? Is there a configuration I've missed that allows you to change the layout of the tabs? Cheers!

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  • Why are the stats for HTML Improvements in Google Webmaster Tools not decreasing?

    - by Kookoriko
    I have read that resolving HTML Improvements in Google Webmaster Tools can take as long as 6 weeks to show up, but those numbers seem to increase without decreasing even though I've been fixing almost everything that Google points out. I have checked some sites with the View as Google tool and the bugs are resolved (let's say "short meta descriptions" for example). Any idea why is this happening?

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  • Which Continuous Integration framework do you use and why?

    - by Richard Warburton
    There are quite a few different Continuous Integration (CI) frameworks out there and I'm wondering which is the most popular. Which frameworks have you used at firms where you work? Is there any reason one CI framework is more popular than another - perhaps this is to do with the features it offers, things that integrate into it or maybe its just marketing? It seems like continuous integration is used more in the Java and .net worlds than say ruby or python. Why is this?

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  • Why do so many APIs boast about being RESTful?

    - by John Hoffman
    I have noticed that many APIs I have encountered such as Facebook's old API and Skydrive's API boast about being RESTful. Hence, I looked up what REST means on Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer), but I don't understand why do APIs boast about being RESTful. Doesn't RESTful just mean that an API works via communications across the web such as via HTTP? What's the big deal? This sounds like any API that relies on third-parties.

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  • Why can't `main` return a double or String rather than int or void?

    - by sunny
    In many languages such as C, C++, and Java, the main method/function has a return type of void or int, but not double or String. What might be the reasons behind that? I know a little bit that we can't do that because main is called by runtime library and it expects some syntax like int main() or int main(int,char**) so we have to stick to that. So my question is: why does main have the type signature that it has, and not a different one?

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  • Why do we need to put N before strings in Microsoft SQL Server?

    - by user61752
    I'm learning T-SQL. From the examples I've seen, to insert text in a varchar() cell, I can write just the string to insert, but for nvarchar() cells, every example prefix the strings with the letter N. I tried the following query on a table which has nvarchar() rows, and it works fine, so the prefix N is not required: insert into [TableName] values ('Hello', 'World') Why the strings are prefixed with N in every example I've seen? What are the pros or cons of using this prefix?

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  • Why are MVC & TDD not employed more in game architecture?

    - by secoif
    I will preface this by saying I haven't looked a huge amount of game source, nor built much in the way of games. But coming from trying to employ 'enterprise' coding practices in web apps, looking at game source code seriously hurts my head: "What is this view logic doing in with business logic? this needs refactoring... so does this, refactor, refactorrr" This worries me as I'm about to start a game project, and I'm not sure whether trying to mvc/tdd the dev process is going to hinder us or help us, as I don't see many game examples that use this or much push for better architectural practices it in the community. The following is an extract from a great article on prototyping games, though to me it seemed exactly the attitude many game devs seem to use when writing production game code: Mistake #4: Building a system, not a game ...if you ever find yourself working on something that isn’t directly moving your forward, stop right there. As programmers, we have a tendency to try to generalize our code, and make it elegant and be able to handle every situation. We find that an itch terribly hard not scratch, but we need to learn how. It took me many years to realize that it’s not about the code, it’s about the game you ship in the end. Don’t write an elegant game component system, skip the editor completely and hardwire the state in code, avoid the data-driven, self-parsing, XML craziness, and just code the damned thing. ... Just get stuff on the screen as quickly as you can. And don’t ever, ever, use the argument “if we take some extra time and do this the right way, we can reuse it in the game”. EVER. is it because games are (mostly) visually oriented so it makes sense that the code will be weighted heavily in the view, thus any benefits from moving stuff out to models/controllers, is fairly minimal, so why bother? I've heard the argument that MVC introduces a performance overhead, but this seems to me to be a premature optimisation, and that there'd more important performance issues to tackle before you worry about MVC overheads (eg render pipeline, AI algorithms, datastructure traversal, etc). Same thing regarding TDD. It's not often I see games employing test cases, but perhaps this is due to the design issues above (mixed view/business) and the fact that it's difficult to test visual components, or components that rely on probablistic results (eg operate within physics simulations). Perhaps I'm just looking at the wrong source code, but why do we not see more of these 'enterprise' practices employed in game design? Are games really so different in their requirements, or is a people/culture issue (ie game devs come from a different background and thus have different coding habits)?

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  • Why is Java the lingua franca at so many institutions?

    - by Billy ONeal
    EDIT: This question at first seems to be bashing Java, and I guess at this point it is a bit. However, the bigger point I am trying to make is why any one single language is chosen as the one end all be all solution to all problems. Java happens to be the one that's used so that's the one I had to beat on here, but I'm not intentionality ripping Java a new one :) I don't like Java in most academic settings. I'm not saying the language itself is bad -- it has several extremely desirable aspects, most importantly the ability to run without recompilation on most any platform. Nothing wrong with using the language for Your Next App ^TM. (Not something I would personally do, but that's more because I have less experience with it, rather than it's design being poor) I think it is a waste that high level CS courses are taught using Java as a language. Too many of my co-students cannot program worth a damn, because they don't know how to work in a non-garbage-collected world. They don't fundamentally understand the machines they are programming for. When someone can work outside of a garbage collected world, they can work inside of one, but not vice versa. GC is a tool, not a crutch. But the way it is used to teach computer science students is a as a crutch. Computer science should not teach an entire suite of courses tailored to a single language. Students leave with the idea that all good design is idiomatic Java design, and that Object Oriented Design is the ONE TRUE WAY THAT IS THE ONLY WAY THINGS CAN BE DONE. Other languages, at least one of them not being a garbage collected language, should be used in teaching, in order to give the graduate a better understanding of the machines. It is an embarrassment that somebody with a PHD in CS from a respected institution cannot program their way out of a paper bag. What's worse, is that when I talk to those CS professors who actually do understand how things operate, they share feelings like this, that we're doing a disservice to our students by doing everything in Java. (Note that the above would be the same if I replaced it with any other language, generally using a single language is the problem, not Java itself) In total, I feel I can no longer respect any kind of degree at all -- when I can't see those around me able to program their way out of fizzbuzz problems. Why/how did it get to be this way?

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  • Why hasn't C# gained much traction within the opensource community?

    - by tmitchel2
    I'm not expecting C# to be on par with say Java or Python in the open source community, but it still surprises me just how far behind it is. 'Multi language' open source repos like google code or github have barely any C# projects in comparison to the other languages I mentioned. I'd like to see C# and .Net shake off that slight corporate feel and move more into the open source arena but I just can't see that happening. I'd be interested to hear peoples opinion on why this might be?

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  • How to write comments to explain the "why" behind the callback function when the function and parameter names are insufficient for that?

    - by snowmantw
    How should I approach writing comments for callback functions? I want to explain the "why" behind the function when the function and parameter names are insufficient to explain what's going on. I have always wonder why comments like this can be so ordinary in documents of libraries in dynamic languages: /** * cb: callback // where's the arguments & effects? */ func foo( cb ) Maybe the common attitude is "you can look into source code on your own after all" which pushes people into leaving minimalist comments like this. But it seems like there should be a better way to comment callback functions. I've tried to comment callbacks in Haskell way: /** * cb: Int -> Char */ func foo(cb) And to be fair, it's usually neat enough. But it gets into trouble when I need to pass some complex structure. The problem being partly due to the lack of type system: /** * cb: Int -> { err: String -> (), success: () -> Char } // too long... */ func foo(cb) Or I have tried this too: /** * cb: Int -> { err: String -> (), * success: () -> Char } // better ? */ func bar(cb) The problem is that you may put the structure in somewhere else, but you must give it a name to reference it. But then when you name a structure you're about to use immediately looks so redundant: // Somewhere else... // ResultCallback: { err: String -> (), success: () -> Char } /** * cb: Int -> ResultCallback // better ?? */ func foo(cb) And it bothers me if I follow the Java-doc like commenting style since it still seems incomplete. The comments don't tell you anything that you couldn't immediately see from looking at the function. /** * @param cb {Function} yeah, it's a function, but you told me nothing about it... * @param err {Function} where should I put this callback's argument ?? * Not to mention the err's own arguments... */ func foo(cb) These examples are JavaScript like with generic functions and parameter names, but I've encountered similar problems in other dynamic languages which allow complex callbacks.

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  • Why do most programming languages only support returning a single value from a function?

    - by M4N
    Is there a reason or an explanation why functions in most(?) programming languages are designed to support any number of input parameters but only one return value? In most languages, it is possible to "work around" that limitation, e.g. by using out-parameters, returning pointers or by defining/returning structs/classes. But it seems strange, that programming languages were not designed to support multiple return values in a more "natural" way.

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  • Which of these courses are the hardest and why?

    - by DSL Client
    Which of these courses are the hardest and why? What should I watch out for? Probability and Statistics for Computer Science Introduction to Software Engineering Data Structures and Algorithms Operating Systems Introduction to Theoretical Computer Science System Hardware Advanced Program Design with C++ Information Systems Security Computer Architecture Databases Web Programming Computer Graphics Digital System Design

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  • Why does the file lens not search mounted samba shares?

    - by Kaput1982
    I've got several samba shares mounted in my home directory (mounted with the "mount.cifs" command). I can browse the shares just fine. From Nautilus I can search them just fine. My question is why doesn't the dash file lens search the mounts as well? I've also noticed files I open from the shares do not show up as recently used (again in the file lens). I've Googled around and I've been unable to come up with any thing.

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  • Why do we write the action to be performed by a function in jQuery inside the parentheses?

    - by ikartik90
    Generally whenever we're programming in any Programming language, say C, we would pass the parameters we need to pass to a function using the parentheses next to the name of the function. Whereas in jQuery, other than the user defined function() we write the action we need the function to perform inside the parentheses, for example, $('div').mouseenter(function(){ /* blah blah blah*/ }); Why?

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  • Why do we need to include the .h while everything works when including only the .cpp file?

    - by reaffer
    Why do we need to include both the .h and .cpp files , while we can make it works with making just a .cpp file and then including it . For example, Creating a file.h containing declarations, then creating a file.cpp containing definitions and including both on the main.cpp. Or, creating a file.cpp containing declaration/definitions ( no prototypes ) Including it on the main.cpp. Both worked for me , but still can't the difference since i do not have a background on the compiling and linking process .

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  • Why has extreme programming (XP) gone out of date in favor of Agile, Kanban etc?

    - by Nick Rosencrantz
    I like XP (extreme programming) especially the part where there are 2 programmers at the same screen since often a problem's solution gets closer if only you explain what you're doing and pair programming forces you to explain what your doing. Last 10 years or so, the XP style of working seems to have gone out of date in favor of the working methodologies Agile and/or Kanban. Why? Since XP to me seems a veru good way to work and is a lot about the programming where Agile and Kanban are more about processes.

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  • Why has the accessor methods from the JavaBean specification become the standard for Java development?

    - by Dakotah North
    The JavaBeans Specification describes a JavaBean as A Java Bean is a reusable software component that can be manipulated visually in a builder tool Since the majority of the lines of code that are written seem to have nothing to do with being manipulated visually in a builder tool, why has the JavaBean specification been the "way" to write object oriented code? I would like to forgo the traditional getter/setter in favor of Fluent Interfaces all throughout the code, not just in builders but fear doing so since this is traditionally not the way way object oriented code is written in Java.

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  • Why my website doesn't appear in Google search results? [duplicate]

    - by cyrfandli
    This question already has an answer here: What are the best ways to increase a site's position in Google? 20 answers Why aren't search engines indexing my content? 1 answer I've made a simple website for a friend's bakery and it doesn't appear in Google's search results even if I search for the whole domain name of the site. What can be the problem? How to make it appear? (The site)

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