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  • Ext3 fs: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0). is fs dead?

    - by ip
    My company has a server with one big partition with Mysql database and php files. Now this partition seems to be corrupted, as reported from kernel messages when I tried to mount it manually: [329862.817837] EXT3-fs error (device loop1): ext3_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0)! [329862.817846] EXT3-fs: group descriptors corrupted! I've tried to recovery it running tools from a PLD livecd. These are the tools I have tested: - e2retrieve - testdisk - photorec - dd_rescue/dd_rhelp - ddrescue - fsck.ext2 - e2salvage without any success. dumpe2fs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008) Filesystem volume name: /dev/sda3 Last mounted on: <not available> Filesystem UUID: dd51610b-6de0-4392-a6f3-67160dbc0343 Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal filetype sparse_super Default mount options: (none) Filesystem state: not clean with errors Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 9502720 Block count: 18987570 Reserved block count: 949378 Free blocks: 11555345 Free inodes: 11858398 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 16384 Inode blocks per group: 512 Last mount time: Wed Mar 24 09:31:03 2010 Last write time: Mon Apr 12 11:46:32 2010 Mount count: 10 Maximum mount count: 30 Last checked: Thu Jan 1 01:00:00 1970 Check interval: 0 (<none>) Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 128 Journal inode: 8 Journal backup: inode blocks dumpe2fs: A block group is missing an inode table while reading journal inode e2fsck 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008) fsck.ext3: Group descriptors look bad... trying backup blocks... fsck.ext3: A block group is missing an inode table while checking ext3 journal for /dev/sda3 I tried also backup superblocks, same error result. There's any other tools I have to test before considering these disk definitely unrecoverable? Many thanks, ip

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  • Slow filesystem access

    - by danneh3826
    I'm trying to diagnose a slow filesystem issue on a server I look after. It's been ongoing for quite some time, and I've run out of ideas as to what I can try. Here's the thick of it. The server itself is a Dell Poweredge T310. It has 4 SAS hard drives in it, configured at RAID5, and is running Citrix XenServer 5.6. The VM is a (relatively) old Debian 5.0.6 installation. It's given 4 cores, and 4Gb's of RAM. It has 3 volumes. A 10Gb volume (ext3) for the system, 980Gb volume (xfs) for data (~94% full), and another 200Gb volume (xfs) for data (~13% full). Now here's the weird thing. Read/write access to the 980Gb volume is really slow. I might get 5Mb/s out of it if I'm lucky. At first I figured it was actually disk access in the system, or at a hypervisor level, but ruled that out entirely as other VMs on the same host are running perfectly fine (a good couple hundred Mb/s disk r/w access). So then I started to target this particular VM. I started thinking it was XFS, but to prove it I wasn't going to attempt to change the filesystem on the 980Gb drive, with years and years of billions of files on there. So I provisioned the 200Gb drive, and did the same read/write test (basically dd), and got a good couple hundred Mb/s r/w access to it. So that ruled out the VM, the hardware, and the filesystem type. There's also a lot of these in /var/log/kern.log; (sorry, this is quite long) Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564689] httpd: page allocation failure. order:5, mode:0x4020 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564693] Pid: 7318, comm: httpd Not tainted 2.6.32-4-686-bigmem #1 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564696] Call Trace: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564705] [<c1092a4d>] ? __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x476/0x4e0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564711] [<c1092ac3>] ? __get_free_pages+0xc/0x17 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564716] [<c10b632e>] ? __kmalloc+0x30/0x128 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564722] [<c11dd774>] ? pskb_expand_head+0x4f/0x157 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564727] [<c11ddbbf>] ? __pskb_pull_tail+0x41/0x1fb Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564732] [<c11e4882>] ? dev_queue_xmit+0xe4/0x38e Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564738] [<c1205902>] ? ip_finish_output+0x0/0x5c Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564742] [<c12058c7>] ? ip_finish_output2+0x187/0x1c2 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564747] [<c1204dc8>] ? ip_local_out+0x15/0x17 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564751] [<c12055a9>] ? ip_queue_xmit+0x31e/0x379 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564758] [<c1279a90>] ? _spin_lock_bh+0x8/0x1e Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564767] [<eda15a8d>] ? __nf_ct_refresh_acct+0x66/0xa4 [nf_conntrack] Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564773] [<c103bf42>] ? _local_bh_enable_ip+0x16/0x6e Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564779] [<c1214593>] ? tcp_transmit_skb+0x595/0x5cc Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564785] [<c1005c4f>] ? xen_restore_fl_direct_end+0x0/0x1 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564791] [<c12165ea>] ? tcp_write_xmit+0x7a3/0x874 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564796] [<c121203a>] ? tcp_ack+0x1611/0x1802 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564801] [<c10055ec>] ? xen_force_evtchn_callback+0xc/0x10 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564806] [<c121392f>] ? tcp_established_options+0x1d/0x8b Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564811] [<c1213be4>] ? tcp_current_mss+0x38/0x53 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564816] [<c1216701>] ? __tcp_push_pending_frames+0x1e/0x50 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564821] [<c1212246>] ? tcp_data_snd_check+0x1b/0xd2 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564825] [<c1212de3>] ? tcp_rcv_established+0x5d0/0x626 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564831] [<c121902c>] ? tcp_v4_do_rcv+0x15f/0x2cf Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564835] [<c1219561>] ? tcp_v4_rcv+0x3c5/0x5c0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564841] [<c120197e>] ? ip_local_deliver_finish+0x10c/0x18c Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564846] [<c12015a4>] ? ip_rcv_finish+0x2c4/0x2d8 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564852] [<c11e3b71>] ? netif_receive_skb+0x3bb/0x3d6 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564864] [<ed823efc>] ? xennet_poll+0x9b8/0xafc [xen_netfront] Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564869] [<c11e40ee>] ? net_rx_action+0x96/0x194 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564874] [<c103bd4c>] ? __do_softirq+0xaa/0x151 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564878] [<c103be24>] ? do_softirq+0x31/0x3c Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564883] [<c103befa>] ? irq_exit+0x26/0x58 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564890] [<c118ff9f>] ? xen_evtchn_do_upcall+0x12c/0x13e Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564896] [<c1008c3f>] ? xen_do_upcall+0x7/0xc Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564899] Mem-Info: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564902] DMA per-cpu: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564905] CPU 0: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564908] CPU 1: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564911] CPU 2: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564914] CPU 3: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564916] Normal per-cpu: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564919] CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 175 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564922] CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 165 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564925] CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 30 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564928] CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 140 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564931] HighMem per-cpu: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564933] CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 159 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564936] CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 22 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564939] CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 24 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564942] CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 13 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564947] active_anon:485974 inactive_anon:121138 isolated_anon:0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564948] active_file:75215 inactive_file:79510 isolated_file:0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564949] unevictable:0 dirty:516 writeback:15 unstable:0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564950] free:230770 slab_reclaimable:36661 slab_unreclaimable:21249 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564952] mapped:20016 shmem:29450 pagetables:5600 bounce:0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564958] DMA free:2884kB min:72kB low:88kB high:108kB active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:5692kB inactive_file:724kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:15872kB mlocked:0kB dirty:8kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:5112kB slab_unreclaimable:156kB kernel_stack:56kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564964] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 698 4143 4143 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564977] Normal free:143468kB min:3344kB low:4180kB high:5016kB active_anon:56kB inactive_anon:2068kB active_file:131812kB inactive_file:131728kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:715256kB mlocked:0kB dirty:156kB writeback:0kB mapped:308kB shmem:4kB slab_reclaimable:141532kB slab_unreclaimable:84840kB kernel_stack:1928kB pagetables:22400kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564983] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 27559 27559 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564995] HighMem free:776728kB min:512kB low:4636kB high:8760kB active_anon:1943840kB inactive_anon:482484kB active_file:163356kB inactive_file:185588kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:3527556kB mlocked:0kB dirty:1900kB writeback:60kB mapped:79756kB shmem:117796kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565001] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565011] DMA: 385*4kB 16*8kB 3*16kB 9*32kB 6*64kB 2*128kB 1*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 2900kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565032] Normal: 21505*4kB 6508*8kB 273*16kB 24*32kB 3*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 143412kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565054] HighMem: 949*4kB 8859*8kB 7063*16kB 6186*32kB 4631*64kB 727*128kB 6*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 776604kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565076] 198980 total pagecache pages Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565079] 14850 pages in swap cache Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565082] Swap cache stats: add 2556273, delete 2541423, find 82961339/83153719 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565085] Free swap = 250592kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565087] Total swap = 385520kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575454] 1073152 pages RAM Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575458] 888834 pages HighMem Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575461] 11344 pages reserved Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575463] 1090481 pages shared Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575465] 737188 pages non-shared Now, I've no idea what this means. There's plenty of free memory; total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 4247232 3455904 791328 0 5348 736412 -/+ buffers/cache: 2714144 1533088 Swap: 385520 131004 254516 Though now I see the swap is relatively low in size, but would that matter? I've been starting to think about fragmentation, or inode usage on that large partition, but a recent fsck on it showed is as only like 0.5% fragmented. Which leaves me with inode usage, but how much of an effect really would a large inode table or filesystem TOC have? I've love to hear people's opinions on this. It's driving me potty! df -h output; Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 9.5G 6.6G 2.4G 74% / tmpfs 2.1G 0 2.1G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 10M 520K 9.5M 6% /dev tmpfs 2.1G 0 2.1G 0% /dev/shm /dev/xvdb 980G 921G 59G 94% /data

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  • Best practices for thin-provisioning Linux servers (on VMware)

    - by nbr
    I have a setup of about 20 Linux machines, each with about 30-150 gigabytes of customer data. Probably the size of data will grow significantly faster on some machines than others. These are virtual machines on a VMware vSphere cluster. The disk images are stored on a SAN system. I'm trying to find a solution that would use disk space sparingly, while still allowing for easy growing of individual machines. In theory, I would just create big disks for each machine and use thin provisioning. Each disk would grow as needed. However, it seems that a 500 GB ext3 filesystem with only 50 GB of data and quite a low number of writes still easily grows the disk image to eg. 250 GB over time. Or maybe I'm doing something wrong here? (I was surprised how little I found on the subject with Google. BTW, there's even no thin-provisioning tag on serverfault.com.) Currently I'm planning to create big, thin-provisioned disks - but with a small LVM volume on them. For example: a 100 GB volume on a 500 GB disk. That way I could more easily grow the LVM volume and the filesystem size as needed, even online. Now for the actual question: Are there better ways to do this? (that is, to grow data size as needed without downtime.) Possible solutions include: Using a thin-provisioning friendly filesystem that tries to occupy the same spots over and over again, thus not growing the image size. Finding an easy method of reclaiming free space on the partition (re-thinning?) Something else? A bonus question: If I go with my current plan, would you recommend creating partitions on the disks (pvcreate /dev/sdX1 vs pvcreate /dev/sdX)? I think it's against conventions to use raw disks without partitions, but it would make it a bit easier to grow the disks, if that is ever needed. This is all just a matter of taste, right?

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  • checksecurity / setuid changes, is this a bug or did somebody break in?

    - by Fabian Zeindl
    I received a mail by checksecurity from my ubuntu 12.04 server with the following content: --- setuid.today 2012-06-03 06:48:09.892436281 +0200 +++ /var/log/setuid/setuid.new.tmp 2012-06-17 06:47:51.376597730 +0200 @@ -30,2 +30,2 @@ - 131904 4755 2 root root 71280 Wed May 16 07:23:08.0000000000 2012 ./usr/bin/sudo - 131904 4755 2 root root 71280 Wed May 16 07:23:08.0000000000 2012 ./usr/bin/sudoedit + 143967 4755 2 root root 71288 Fri Jun 1 05:53:44.0000000000 2012 ./usr/bin/sudo + 143967 4755 2 root root 71288 Fri Jun 1 05:53:44.0000000000 2012 ./usr/bin/sudoedit @@ -42 +42 @@ - 130507 666 1 root root 0 Sat Jun 2 18:04:57.0752979385 2012 ./var/spool/postfix/dev/urandom + 130507 666 1 root root 0 Mon Jun 11 08:47:16.0919802556 2012 ./var/spool/postfix/dev/urandom First i was worried, then i realized that the change was actually 2 weeks ago, i think there was a sudo-update back then. Since checksecurity runs in /etc/cron.daily i wondered why i only get that email now. I looked into /var/log/setuid/ and found the following files: total 32 -rw-r----- 1 root adm 816 Jun 17 06:47 setuid.changes -rw-r----- 1 root adm 228 Jun 3 06:48 setuid.changes.1.gz -rw-r----- 1 root adm 328 May 27 06:47 setuid.changes.2.gz -rw-r----- 1 root root 1248 May 20 06:47 setuid.changes.3.gz -rw-r----- 1 root adm 4473 Jun 17 06:47 setuid.today -rw-r----- 1 root adm 4473 Jun 3 06:48 setuid.yesterday The obvious thing that confuses me is that the file setuid.yesterday is not from yesterday = Jun/16. Is this a bug?

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  • Configure IIS site to work with host header & hosts file entry

    - by HarveySaayman
    I'm I bit of an IIS / Web noob (I'm a C# backend service / winforms dev) so please bare with me :-) I've set up a site in IIS on my local dev machine. In the bindings section of the site ive added 4 bindings, all 4 for http: Host Name Port IP Address blog.sourcecube.co.za 26581 * www.blog.sourcecube.co.za 26581 * blog.sourcecube.co.za 26581 127.0.0.1 www.blog.sourcecube.co.za 26581 127.0.0.1 in my hosts file (drivers\etc\hosts), i've added the folling entries: 127.0.0.1 blog.sourcecube.co.za 127.0.0.1 www.blog.sourcecube.co.za when i ping my domain name from the command line it does in fact resolve to the loopback address, 127.0.0.1. So what I'm expecting to happen when i navigate to blog.sourcecube.co.za in my browser is for it to resolve to 127.0.0.1, and when the request hits IIS, it should know which site to serve because of the host header? But when i navigate to blog.sourcecube.co.za, i get an "Unable to connect, Firefox can't establish a connection to the server at blog.sourcecube.co.za" error. What am I doing wrong? --- UPDATE --- Navigating to blog.sourcecube.co.za:26581 from my browser works... I'd like get it working without specifying the port number though.

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  • KVM and libvirt: How to configure a new disc device to an existing VM?

    - by initall
    I've got an Ubuntu 9.04 server running two VM's. In /etc/libvirt/qemu/machine1.xml two disk devices are defined like this: <devices> <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <source file='/vserver/machine1/disk0.qcow2'/> <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/> </disk> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <source file='/vserver/machine1/disk1.qcow2'/> <target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/> </disk> I need more storage space in at least one of the devices and thought about adding a third hdc device by simply adding one with same style as above and re-organising my mount structure (The virtual sizes of the current qcow2 files are unfortunately limited.) My problem is that reloading libvirtd and restarting the VM do not result in a new visible device (checked with fdisk). I'm aware of extending an existing qcow2 file (converting to raw format, cat-ing/adding the new one, using smth. like gparted) - but only as a last resort. Hopefully it's something very simple I'm missing?

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  • Debian Stable: Can't update kernel, libc won't update.

    - by pascal
    I use Debian Stable (squeeze) on a virtual host where I can't touch the kernel, it's stuck (and will be for some time as support told me) at Linux 2.6.18-028stab070.3 #1 SMP Wed Jul 21 18:33:27 MSD 2010 x86_64 So when I try to update, several packages fail with FATAL: kernel too old for example Preparing to replace libgcc1 1:4.6.0-11 (using .../libgcc1_1%3a4.6.1-1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement libgcc1 ... Setting up libgcc1 (1:4.6.1-1) ... FATAL: kernel too old Segmentation fault dpkg: error processing libgcc1 (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 139 and some version chaos ensued: The following packages have unmet dependencies: libc-dev-bin : Depends: libc6 (> 2.13) but 2.11.2-13 is installed libc6 : Depends: libc-bin (= 2.11.2-13) but 2.13-5 is installed libc6-dev : Depends: libc6 (= 2.13-5) but 2.11.2-13 is installed libquadmath0 : Depends: gcc-4.6-base (= 4.6.0-2) but 4.6.0-11 is installed libstdc++6 : Depends: gcc-4.6-base (= 4.6.0-2) but 4.6.0-11 is installed locales : Depends: glibc-2.13-1 What should I do? I want to keep the system up-to-date, so I want to pin as few packets as possible, but I also don't want to have to compile anything manually. Trying to pin the status quo and figured out where the error came from: ldconfig segfaults. -v doesn't print anything more so I can't tell what's the actual problem. # ldconfig FATAL: kernel too old

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  • drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0) after recompile on boot

    - by squareone
    After recompiling a new kernel on CentOS 6.3, using the same kernel I have been using on several other machines, I am getting a kernel panic on two machines. I get the following when trying to boot: drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0) (flashes this before displaying the panic below) not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x00000100 Pid: 1, comm: init Not tainted etc... I have been trying to figure out what is going on, and am having trouble doing so, and feel I have exhausted all of my options here. Any help would be appreciated. My grub.conf: default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS (3.4.18-rt29) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-3.4.18-rt29 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet panic=5 initrd /initramfs-3.4.18-rt29.img title CentOS (2.6.32-279.14.1.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-279.14.1.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet panic=5 initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-279.14.1.el6.x86_64.img Any help or guidance would be greatly appreciated.

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  • How to create hash or yml from top level attributes values of node?

    - by Sarah Haskins
    I have a chef recipe where I want to take all of the attributes under node['cfn']['environment'] and write them to a yml file. I could do something like this (it works fine): content = { "environment_class" => node['cfn']['environment']['environment_class'], "node_id" => node['cfn']['environment']['node_id'], "reporting_prefix" => node['cfn']['environment']['reporting_prefix'], "cfn_signal_url" => node['cfn']['environment']['signal_url'] } yml_string = YAML::dump(content) file "/etc/configuration/environment/platform.yml" do mode 0644 action :create content "#{yml_string}" end But I don't like that I have to explicitly list out the names of the attributes. If later I add a new attributes it would be nice if it automatically was included in the written out yml file. So I tried something like this: yml_string = node['cfn']['environment'].to_yaml But because the node is actually a Mash, I get a platform.yml file like this (it contains a lot of unexpected nesting that I don't want): --- !ruby/object:Chef::Node::Attribute normal: tags: [] cfn: environment: &25793640 reporting_prefix: Platform2 signal_url: https://cloudformation-waitcondition-us-east-1.s3.amazonaws.com/... environment_class: Dev node_id: i-908adf9 ... But what I want is this: ---- reporting_prefix: Platform2 signal_url: https://cloudformation-waitcondition-us-east-1.s3.amazonaws.com/... environment_class: Dev node_id: i-908adf9 How can I achieve the desired yml output w/o explicitly listing the attributes by name?

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  • What can cause a kernel hang on redhat 4?

    - by Ivan Buttinoni
    I've to solve a nasty problem on a ten machine "cluster": randomly one of these machine hang during an hard computation, sometime still ping sometime not. The problem was described me at the phone, I've still no touch/see these machine, so I can't be more precise. It seem there's no (real) keyboard or monitor linked to them, so I haven't nothing about keyboard led or messages on monitor. Don't worry, what I really need is some suggestion where to search the problem, some suggestions on what can cause a kernel hang on a working machine. I also see this post, but seem same need on a different situation. My ideas since now: - HW problem (ram, cpu, fan etc.) - bad autofs configuration - bad nfs(?) configuration - presence of a trojan/hacker/etc - /dev/"swap" linked to /dev/zero - kernel out of memory(??) - kernel bugged In other words I try to imagine what kind of envent can occour that can crash the kernel insted of the application that generate the event. What hang have YOU experienced before? Write it to me! TIA

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  • OpenVPN Keeps Crashing

    - by Frank Thornton
    Oct 20 21:00:44 sb1 openvpn[2082]: <MY_IP>:28523 [vpntest] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]<MY_IP>:28523 Oct 20 21:00:44 sb1 openvpn[2082]: vpntest/<MY_IP>:28523 MULTI_sva: pool returned IPv4=10.8.0.6, IPv6=(Not enabled) Oct 20 21:00:44 sb1 openvpn[2082]: <MY_IP>:28522 WARNING: 'link-mtu' is used inconsistently, local='link-mtu 1576', remote='link-mtu 1376' Oct 20 21:00:44 sb1 openvpn[2082]: <MY_IP>:28522 WARNING: 'tun-mtu' is used inconsistently, local='tun-mtu 1532', remote='tun-mtu 1332' Oct 20 21:00:45 sb1 openvpn[2082]: <MY_IP>:28522 [vpntest2] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]<MY_IP>:28522 Oct 20 21:00:45 sb1 openvpn[2082]: vpntest2/<MY_IP>:28522 MULTI_sva: pool returned IPv4=10.8.0.10, IPv6=(Not enabled) Oct 20 21:00:46 sb1 openvpn[2082]: vpntest/<MY_IP>:28523 send_push_reply(): safe_cap=940 Client File: client dev tun proto tcp remote <IP> 443 resolv-retry infinite nobind tun-mtu 1500 tun-mtu-extra 32 mssfix 1410 persist-key persist-tun auth-user-pass comp-lzo SERVER: port 443 #- port proto tcp #- protocol dev tun tun-mtu 1500 tun-mtu-extra 32 reneg-sec 0 #mtu-disc yes mssfix 1410 ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/server.crt key /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/server.key dh /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/dh1024.pem plugin /etc/openvpn/openvpn-auth-pam.so /etc/pam.d/login #plugin /usr/share/openvpn/plugin/lib/openvpn-auth-pam.so /etc/pam.d/login #- Comment this line if you are using FreeRADIUS #plugin /etc/openvpn/radiusplugin.so /etc/openvpn/radiusplugin.cnf #- Uncomment this line if you are using FreeRADIUS client-to-client client-cert-not-required username-as-common-name server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 push "redirect-gateway def1" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4" keepalive 3 30 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun What is causing the VPN to keep dropping the connection and then reconnecting?

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  • Apache and Virtual Hosts Problem on OS X

    - by Charles Chadwick
    I recently formatted and installed my iMac. I am running 10.6.5. Prior to this format, I had the default Apache web server up and running with several virtual hosts, and everything ran beautifully. After formatting, I set everything back up again, and now Apache is acting funny. Here is a description of what I have going on. My default root directory for the Apache Web server is pointed to an external hard drive. In my httpd.conf, here is what I have: DocumentRoot "/Storage/Sites" Then a few lines beneath that: <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order deny,allow Allow from all </Directory> And then beneath that: <Directory "/Storage/Sites"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from All </Directory> At the end of this file, I have commented out the user dir include conf file: Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-userdir.conf And uncommented the virtual hosts conf file: Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf Moving on, I have the following entry in my vhosts file: <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot "/Storage/Sites/mysite" ServerName mysite.dev </VirtualHost> I also have a host record in my /etc/hosts file that points mysite.dev to 127.0.0.1 (I also tried using my router IP, 192.168.1.2). The problem I am coming across is, despite having PHP files in /Storage/Sites/mysite, the server is still looking at /Storage/Sites. I know this because in the DocumentRoot contains a php file with phpinfo() (whereas the index.php file in mysite has different code). I have tried setting up other virtual hosts, but they are still doing the same thing. Also, "NameVirtualHost *:80" is in my vhosts file. I saw as a solution on another thread here. Doesn't seem to make a difference. Any ideas on this? Let me know if this is not enough information.

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  • How to log kernel panics without KVM

    - by Spacedust
    My server is crashing and I can't find an answer why. It all started after my datacenter upgrade RAM from 16 GB to 32 GB. I also found such logs in dmesg - they've started to show itself just before the first kernel panic: EXT4-fs error (device md2): ext4_ext_find_extent: bad header/extent in inode #97911179: invalid magic - magic 5f69, entries 28769, max 26988(0), depth 24939(0) EXT4-fs error (device md2): ext4_ext_remove_space: bad header/extent in inode #97911179: invalid magic - magic 5f69, entries 28769, max 26988(0), depth 24939(0) EXT4-fs error (device md2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy: EXT4-fs: group 20974: 8589 blocks in bitmap, 54896 in gd JBD: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = md2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. EXT4-fs error (device md2): ext4_ext_split: inode #97911179: (comm pdflush) eh_entries 28769 != eh_max 26988! EXT4-fs (md2): delayed block allocation failed for inode 97911179 at logical offset 1039 with max blocks 1 with error -5 This should not happen!! Data will be lost EXT4-fs error (device md2): ext4_mb_generate_buddy: EXT4-fs: group 21731: 5 blocks in bitmap, 60762 in gd JBD: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = md2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. My system is CentOS 5.8 64-bit with latest kernel 2.6.18-308.20.1.el5. How can I check what is the reason of kernel panic without having an access to the KVM ? I have told my datacenter admins to check the memory in the server.

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  • Updated my WAMP Server and MySQL is eating up 580mB of memory

    - by Jon
    I updated my dev-box's WAMPSERVER, and along with updating PHP and Apache, MySQL updated to '5.6.12'. After doing that, I copied the data folder from my old (5.1.36) install to the new one and now MySQL takes up 580mB which is way too much, since I'm the only person using it (Locally) and there are only 20 or so databases on it, none of which have 'memory' tables. How can I get this down to a decent amount? My my.ini: # For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html # *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the # *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you # *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL. [mysqld] # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required. # basedir = ..... # datadir = ..... # port = ..... # server_id = ..... # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES Database info: Storage Engine Data Size Index Size Total Size InnoDB 48.00 KB 0.00 B 48.00 KB MEMORY 0.00 B 0.00 B 0.00 B MyISAM 163.64 MB 122.49 MB 286.13 MB Total 163.69 MB 122.49 MB 286.18 MB

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  • Startup script for Red5 on Ubuntu 9.04

    - by user49249
    I am creating startup script for Red5 on Ubuntu. Red5 is installed in /opt/red5 Following is a working script on a CentOS Box on which Red5 is running [code] ==========Start init script ========== #!/bin/sh PROG=red5 RED5_HOME=/opt/red5/dist DAEMON=$RED5_HOME/$PROG.sh PIDFILE=/var/run/$PROG.pid # Source function library . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions [ -r /etc/sysconfig/red5 ] && . /etc/sysconfig/red5 RETVAL=0 case "$1" in start) echo -n $"Starting $PROG: " cd $RED5_HOME $DAEMON >/dev/null 2>/dev/null & RETVAL=$? if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then echo $! > $PIDFILE touch /var/lock/subsys/$PROG fi [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success $"$PROG startup" || failure $"$PROG startup" echo ;; stop) echo -n $"Shutting down $PROG: " killproc -p $PIDFILE RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/$PROG ;; restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; status) status $PROG -p $PIDFILE RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}" RETVAL=1 esac exit $RETVAL [/code] What do I need to replace for Ubuntu in the above script. My Red5 is in /opt/red5/ and to start it manually I always do /opt/red5/dist/red5.sh from Ubuntu As I did not find rc.d/functions on Ubuntu on my laptop also /etc/init.d/functions I did not existed. I would like to be able to use them with service as Red hat distributions do. I checked /lib/lsb/init-functions.

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  • Flash drive suddenly died. Why? Can I recover it?

    - by mg
    Hi, I have a flash drive that I used not too much but, after few month of inactivity, it died. I know that flash drives have a limited write cycles but I am sure that this is not the problem. I tried to create a new partition table and format the drive nothing worked. This is the output of mkfs.ext2. marco@pinguina:~$ sudo LANG=en.UTF-8 mkfs.ext2 -v -c /dev/sdc1 [sudo] password for marco: mke2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010) fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: 'ext2', 'default' Calling BLKDISCARD from 0 to 4001431552 failed. Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 244320 inodes, 976912 blocks 48845 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=1002438656 30 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8144 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736 Running command: badblocks -b 4096 -X -s /dev/sdc1 976911 badblocks: Input/output error during ext2fs_sync_device Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done Block 0 in primary superblock/group descriptor area bad. Blocks 0 through 2 must be good in order to build a filesystem. Aborting.... Is there something I can do to recover it?

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  • Understanding how IE's SmartScreen works

    - by Kevin Donn
    Today I downloaded an update to our mail server on my dev machine using IE9 on Win7 Pro. I directed IE to save the file on our server's shared drive so I could install it later. When the download finished, IE showed a red banner at the bottom and said that, ".exe is not commonly downloaded and could harm your computer." There were three buttons, "Delete", "Actions", and "View downloads". I selected "Actions" just because I had never seen this before. It showed a "SmartScreen Filter" dialog basically giving three choices: "Don't run this program (recommended)", "Delete program", and "Run anyway". I just canceled the dialog because I didn't want to run it in the first place; I just wanted to download it so I could run it later on the server. So when I did try to run it, it would blow up immediately saying, "Setup was unable to create the directory - Error 5: Access is denied." I tried unblocking the file, "Run as Administrator" even though I already was Administrator, turning off UAC, etc. Cutting to the chase, I finally downloaded the file again, ran WinMerge on the two and it showed they were identical, except the new one ran fine. I went back to my dev machine, downloaded the file through Firefox and then ran it on the server, again fine. But when I tried again through IE, again SmartScreen showed its red banner and somehow clobbered the file even though it was stored on another machine, and WinMerge can't tell the difference between it and a good file. I've looked around on the web for how SmartScreen works, but they all give user-level descriptions of it. What I want to know is, what does it do to that file to make it unrunnable on another machine? Thanks

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  • SendMail not working in CentOs 6.4

    - by Kane
    I am trying to send e-mails from my CentOS 6.4 but it does not work. My knowledge about servers is quite limited, so I hope someone can help me. Here is what I did: First i tried to send an email using the "mail" command, but it was not in the OS so I installed it. # yum install mailx After that, I tried sending an email using the "mail" command, but it did not send anything. I checked it on the internet and I realized I needed an e-mail server like sendmail, so I installed it. # yum install sendmail sendmail-cf sendmail-doc sendmail-devel After that, I configured it following some tutorials. First, sendmail.mc file. # vi /etc/mail/sendmail.mc Commented out the next line: BEFORE # DAEMON_OPTIONS('Port=smtp, Name=MTA') dnl AFTER # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS('Port=smtp, Name=MTA') dnl Check that the next lines are correct: # FEATURE(`virtusertable', `hash -o /etc/mail/virtusertable.db')dnl # ... # FEATURE(use_cw_file)dnl # ... # FEATURE(`access_db', `hash -T<TMPF> -o /etc/mail/access.db')dnl Update sendmail.cf # m4 /etc/mail/sendmail.mc > /etc/mail/sendmail.cf Open the port 25 adding the proper line in the iptables file # vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables # -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT restart iptables and sendmail # service iptables restart # service sendmail restart So i thought that would be ok, but when i tried: # mail '[email protected]' # Subject: test subject # test content #. I checked the mail log: # vi /var/log/maillog And that is what I found: Aug 14 17:36:24 dev-admin-test sendmail[20682]: r7D8RItS019578: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=<[email protected]> (0/0), delay=1+00:09:06, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=esmtp, pri=2460500, relay=alt4.gmail- smtp-in.l.google.com., dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. I do not understand why there is a connection time out. Am I missing something? Can anyone help me, please? Thank you.

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  • Linux usd disk just create sg device

    - by MTilsted
    I have a Corsair R60 ssd disk which is a disk with both sata and usb connectors. But the usb thing seems to be a bit non-standard, or maybe its just my fedora linux. When I insert the disk using a usb cabel to a running Fedora 14 linux system, a device called /dev/sg3 is added but that is all. No new /dev/sd* device is created so I can't mount the disk. If I look at cat /proc/scsi/sg/device_strs I get ATA Hitachi HTS54321 FB2O HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-T50N RP05 Seagate Desktop 0130 Corsair CSSD-R60GB2 So the disk is there. (The last entry) but my linux will for some reason not see it as a usb hard disk. When I insert other usb disks they work fine. It is only this specific disk which causes problems. I have tried on 3 different computers with the same result. A hint to the problem may be that if I add the disk to a windows system(With usb) the disk is called "A fixed disk" and not a portable disk as expected. The disk works fine with linux If i connect it with the sata cabel, but I would really like to have it working with usb too. (To mount it on computers without sata).

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  • RTNETLINK answers: File exists... maybe because assigned a new mac adress

    - by steven
    I got a "RTNETLINK answers: File exists Failed to bring up eth0:1" on "ifup eth0:1". I suspect it happens because i assigned a new mac adress in my VM's network adapter. Can you tell me how to fix the issue? My configuration looks like this: # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.80 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.1 dns-nameservers 192.168.1.1 # Alias being connected to 192.168.10.x Network auto eth0:1 allow-hotplug eth0:1 iface eth0:1 inet static address 192.168.10.83 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.10 dns-nameservers 192.168.10.1 Why do I get "RTNETLINK answer: File exists.." suddenly? I worked with this configuration before without problems. All i did in the past is to renew the adapters mac adress. At the moment I am connected to the 192.168.10.x Network and if I do /etc/init.d/networking stop /etc/init.d/networking start then i got "RTNETLINK [...] falied to bring up eth0:1" but the strage thing is that i am able to connect to 192.168.10.83 via ssh from my host machine. But I cannot reach the internet from the debian client. I hope it is clear what my problem is, now. update if i change my /etc/network/interfaces like this then "ifup eth0" fails, too with the same error! # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.10.83 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.10 dns-nameservers 192.168.10.1 with verbose option enabled i got: Configuring interfache eth0=eth0 (inet) run-parts --verbose /etc/network/if-pre-up.d ip addr add 192.168.10.83/255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.10.255 dev eth0 label eth0 RTNETLINK answers: File exists Failed to bring up eth0. same if i type this manually: ip addr add 192.168.10.83/255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.10.255 dev eth0 label eth0

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  • Error compiling PHP 5.5.9 on CentOS 6.5 during make command

    - by Chris Mancini
    Here is the error message: cc: internal compiler error: Killed (program cc1) Please submit a full bug report, with preprocessed source if appropriate. See <file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.6/README.Bugs> for instructions. make: *** [ext/fileinfo/libmagic/apprentice.lo] Error 1 The very last thing make was processing is apprentice.lo which appears to be part of the image manipulation libraries (maybe?). I am using Ansible to provision my instance. It is a Digital Ocean single core 512MB VM. I have been using vagrant / ansible with the same config locally for dev and it has compiled fine, this is the first cloud VM I am attempting to provision. The only difference is the base image for my DO server is coming from DO and for my local dev, I built my own Vagrant box via VirtualBox from a stock CentOS basic server install. I pull it down from my DropBox. The problem has been experienced by others and reported as a php bug report My php ansible role up to the error: --- - name: Download php source get_url: url={{ php_source_url }} dest=/tmp register: get_url_result - name: untar the source package command: tar -xvf php-{{ php_version }}.tar.gz chdir=/tmp when: get_url_result.changed or php_reinstall - name: configure php 5.5 command: > ./configure --prefix={{ php_prefix }} --with-config-file-path={{ php_config_file_path }} --enable-fpm --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-pdo --enable-soap --enable-sockets=shared --enable-zip --with-curl --with-fpm-group={{ nginx_group }} --with-fpm-user={{ nginx_user }} --with-freetype-dir=/usr/lib64/ --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib64/ --with-libdir=lib64 --with-mcrypt --with-openssl --with-pdo-mysql --with-pear --with-readline --with-tidy --with-xsl --with-zlib --without-pdo-sqlite --without-sqlite3 chdir=/tmp/php-{{ php_version }} when: get_url_result.changed or php_reinstall - name: make clean when reinstalling command: make clean chdir=/tmp/php-{{ php_version }} when: php_reinstall - name: make php command: make chdir=/tmp/php-{{ php_version }} when: get_url_result.changed or php_reinstall Thanks in advance for any help. :)

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  • Virtual IPv6 Network between VirtualBox VMs

    - by Ben
    I'm trying to create a virtual IPv6 network as a test environment. I have 5 VirtualBox VMs (Ubuntu Server) with network adapters using host-only networking. You can imagine them being connected in series and every machine connects 2 subnets. I want to ping the last machine from the first one: On: 2001:db8:aaaa::100 I want to ping 2001:db8:dddd::101 (Note: there is no cccc network in between) Only static configuration and routes are used: /etc/network/interfaces auto eth0 iface eth0 inet6 static address 2001:db8:aaaa::100 netmask 64 /etc/network/interfaces auto eth0 iface eth0 inet6 static address 2001:db8:aaaa::101 netmask 64 auto eth1 iface eth1 inet6 static address 2001:db8:bbbb::100 netmask 64 up ip -6 route add 2001:db8:dddd::/64 via 2001:db8:bbbb::101 dev eth1 down ip -6 route del 2001:db8:dddd::/64 via 2001:db8:bbbb::101 dev eth1 I thought there might be some automatic route discovery going on. Anyway, ping6 2001:db8:dddd::100 will not work from aaaa::100 When I add the route: ip -6 route add 2001:db8:dddd::/64 via 2001:db8:aaaa::101 it will work. But the next interface in the same network dddd::101 is not reachable. How could that be? There is a machine with an interface bbbb::101 and another dddd::100 and I can ping the latter one, but the machine connected to it, dddd::101 not?? I also have also turned on forwarding. Any ideas?

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  • KVM and libvirt: How to configure a new disc device to an existing VM?

    - by initall
    I've got an Ubuntu 9.04 server running two VM's. In /etc/libvirt/qemu/machine1.xml two disk devices are defined like this: <devices> <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <source file='/vserver/machine1/disk0.qcow2'/> <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/> </disk> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <source file='/vserver/machine1/disk1.qcow2'/> <target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/> </disk> I need more storage space in at least one of the devices and thought about adding a third hdc device by simply adding one with same style as above and re-organising my mount structure (The virtual sizes of the current qcow2 files are unfortunately limited.) My problem is that reloading libvirtd and restarting the VM do not result in a new visible device (checked with fdisk). I'm aware of extending an existing qcow2 file (converting to raw format, cat-ing/adding the new one, using smth. like gparted) - but only as a last resort. Hopefully it's something very simple I'm missing?

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  • Bad performance with Linux software RAID5 and LUKS encryption

    - by Philipp Wendler
    I have set up a Linux software RAID5 on three hard drives and want to encrypt it with cryptsetup/LUKS. My tests showed that the encryption leads to a massive performance decrease that I cannot explain. The RAID5 is able to write 187 MB/s [1] without encryption. With encryption on top of it, write speed is down to about 40 MB/s. The RAID has a chunk size of 512K and a write intent bitmap. I used -c aes-xts-plain -s 512 --align-payload=2048 as the parameters for cryptsetup luksFormat, so the payload should be aligned to 2048 blocks of 512 bytes (i.e., 1MB). cryptsetup luksDump shows a payload offset of 4096. So I think the alignment is correct and fits to the RAID chunk size. The CPU is not the bottleneck, as it has hardware support for AES (aesni_intel). If I write on another drive (an SSD with LVM) that is also encrypted, I do have a write speed of 150 MB/s. top shows that the CPU usage is indeed very low, only the RAID5 xor takes 14%. I also tried putting a filesystem (ext4) directly on the unencrypted RAID so see if the layering is problem. The filesystem decreases the performance a little bit as expected, but by far not that much (write speed varying, but 100 MB/s). Summary: Disks + RAID5: good Disks + RAID5 + ext4: good Disks + RAID5 + encryption: bad SSD + encryption + LVM + ext4: good The read performance is not affected by the encryption, it is 207 MB/s without and 205 MB/s with encryption (also showing that CPU power is not the problem). What can I do to improve the write performance of the encrypted RAID? [1] All speed measurements were done with several runs of dd if=/dev/zero of=DEV bs=100M count=100 (i.e., writing 10G in blocks of 100M). Edit: If this helps: I'm using Ubuntu 11.04 64bit with Linux 2.6.38. Edit2: The performance stays approximately the same if I pass a block size of 4KB, 1MB or 10MB to dd.

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  • High fan speed with no reason

    - by Klaus
    For a few weeks, the fans of my Lenovo B590 laptop, running on Xubuntu 14, turn to high speed a few minutes after it is turned on. The fans won't speed down until I turn the computer off. This is quite strange, since This didn't happen before The temperatures are quite low (are they ?) $sensors Adapter: Virtual device temp1: +36.0°C (crit = +88.0°C) temp2: +30.0°C (crit = +126.0°C) coretemp-isa-0000 Adapter: ISA adapter Physical id 0: +37.0°C (high = +72.0°C, crit = +90.0°C) Core 0: +34.0°C (high = +72.0°C, crit = +90.0°C) Core 1: +31.0°C (high = +72.0°C, crit = +90.0°C) thinkpad-isa-0000 Adapter: ISA adapter fan1: 0 RPM pkg-temp-0-virtual-0 Adapter: Virtual device temp1: +37.0°C $sudo hddtemp /dev/sda /dev/sda: ST500LT012-9WS142: 33°C The computer is under low load: top - 08:30:15 up 16 min, 2 users, load average: 0.28, 0.23, 0.23 Tasks: 197 total, 1 running, 196 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 0.8 us, 0.5 sy, 0.0 ni, 98.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem: 3607944 total, 1973956 used, 1633988 free, 99660 buffers KiB Swap: 3744764 total, 0 used, 3744764 free. 789936 cached Mem The BIOS is up to date (and there are no fan settings in it) The fan is clean and dust-free Why would the BIOS turn the fans to high speed where there seem to be no reason for that ? It seems that we cannot control the fan manually with this model, so I guess the only solution is to understand why this happens.

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