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• How should I share variables between instances/classes?

  - by tesselode

  I'm making a game using LOVE, so everything is programmed in Lua. I've been experimenting with using classes and object orientation recently. I've found out that a nice system to use is having most of the game's code in different classes, and having a table of instances with all of the instances of any class in it. This way, I can go through every instance of every class and update and draw it by calling the same function. There is a problem, though. Let's say I have an instance of a player with variables for health and recharge time of a weapon. I also have a master instance which is responsible for drawing the HUD. How can I tell the master instance what the player's health is? Bad solutions: Assuming that the player instance will always have the same position in the table - that can be easily changed. Using global variables. Global variables are evil. Have the master instance outside of the instances table, and have the player set variables inside the master instance, which it then uses for HUD drawing. This is really bad because now I have to make a duplicate of every variable the master instance needs. What is the proper, standard way of sharing variables between instances? Do I need to change the way I keep track of instances?

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• GetData() error creating framebuffer

  - by Lelezeus

  I'm currently porting a game written in C# with XNA library to Android with Monogame. I have a Texture2D and i'm trying to get an array of uint in this way: Texture2d textureDeform = game.Content.Load<Texture2D>("Texture/terrain"); uint[] pixelDeformData = new uint[textureDeform.Width * textureDeform.Height]; textureDeform.GetData(pixelDeformData, 0, textureDeform.Width * textureDeform.Height); I get the following exception: System.Exception: Error creating framebuffer: Zero at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.Texture2D.GetTextureData (Int32 ThreadPriorityLevel) [0x00000] in :0 I found that the problem is in private byte[] GetTextureData(int ThreadPriorityLevel) creating the framebuffer: private byte[] GetTextureData(int ThreadPriorityLevel) { int framebufferId = -1; int renderBufferID = -1; GL.GenFramebuffers(1, ref framebufferId); // framebufferId is still -1 , why can't be created? GraphicsExtensions.CheckGLError(); GL.BindFramebuffer(All.Framebuffer, framebufferId); GraphicsExtensions.CheckGLError(); //renderBufferIDs = new int[currentRenderTargets]; GL.GenRenderbuffers(1, ref renderBufferID); GraphicsExtensions.CheckGLError(); // attach the texture to FBO color attachment point GL.FramebufferTexture2D(All.Framebuffer, All.ColorAttachment0, All.Texture2D, this.glTexture, 0); GraphicsExtensions.CheckGLError(); // create a renderbuffer object to store depth info GL.BindRenderbuffer(All.Renderbuffer, renderBufferID); GraphicsExtensions.CheckGLError(); GL.RenderbufferStorage(All.Renderbuffer, All.DepthComponent24Oes, Width, Height); GraphicsExtensions.CheckGLError(); // attach the renderbuffer to depth attachment point GL.FramebufferRenderbuffer(All.Framebuffer, All.DepthAttachment, All.Renderbuffer, renderBufferID); GraphicsExtensions.CheckGLError(); All status = GL.CheckFramebufferStatus(All.Framebuffer); if (status != All.FramebufferComplete) throw new Exception("Error creating framebuffer: " + status); ... } The frameBufferId is still -1, seems that framebuffer could not be generated and I don't know why. Any help would be appreciated, thank you in advance.

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• Regarding sprite design and resolution for tablets and phones

  - by Dimitris P.

  I am about to start working on a game for android devices, in my spare time, to get familiar with android development. I'm more interested in using the best practices possible than getting a quick result, and that is why I need some guidance regarding graphics. I think the game is going to be fully sprite based. Everything is going to be in .bmp form, or something similar, and my question is: Should I design the sprites in a small resolution (ie for phone screens) and scale them up to fit into larger screens (tablet screens), should I do it vice-versa or should I consider a completely different approach? Would designing a different set of sprites for each of the most used resolution settings be worth it or are there simpler solutions to the problem with fewer drawbacks than the ones I mentioned above? (If I follow the first approach, for example, the larger the screen the worse the graphics will get, since every pixel of the original drawing will cover several pixels on the screen). Is there a standard approach for dealing with this kind of problems? If you need me to be more detailed or more clear about something I mentioned (or forgot to) please don't hesitate to ask. Also, excuse me for any inaccurate use of the English language. Thank you in advance for your input.

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• 2D XNA C#: Texture2D Wrapping Issue

  - by Kieran

  Working in C#/XNA for a Windows game: I'm using Texture2D to draw sprites. All of my sprites are 16 x 32. The sprites move around the screen as you would expect, by changing the top X/Y position of them when they're being drawn by the spritebatch. Most of the time when I run the game, the sprites appear like this: and when moved, they move as I expect, as one element. Infrequently they appear like this: and when moved it's like there are two sprites with a gap in between them - it's hard to describe. It only seems to happen sometimes - is there something I'm missing? I'd really like to know why this is happening. [Edit:] Adding Draw code as requested: This is the main draw routine - it first draws the sprite to a RenderTarget then blows it up by a scale of 4: protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { // Draw to render target GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget); GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); Texture2D imSprite = null; spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.FrontToBack, null, SamplerState.PointWrap, null, null); ManSprite.Draw(spriteBatch); base.Draw(gameTime); spriteBatch.End(); // Draw render target to screen GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); imageFrame = (Texture2D)renderTarget; GraphicsDevice.Clear(ClearOptions.Target | ClearOptions.DepthBuffer, Color.DarkSlateBlue, 1.0f, 0); spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.FrontToBack, null, SamplerState.PointClamp, null, null); spriteBatch.Draw(imageFrame, new Vector2(0, 0), null, Color.White, 0, new Vector2(0, 0), IM_SCALE, SpriteEffects.None, 0); spriteBatch.End(); } This is the draw routine for the Sprite class: public virtual void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { spriteBatch.Draw(Texture, new Vector2(PositionX, PositionY), null, Color.White, 0.0f, Vector2.Zero, Scale, SpriteEffects.None, 0.3f); }

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• How important do you find exception safety to be in your C++ code?

  - by Kai

  Every time I consider making my code strongly exception safe, I justify not doing it because it would be so time consuming. Consider this relatively simple snippet: Level::Entity* entity = new Level::Entity(); entity->id = GetNextId(); entity->AddComponent(new Component::Position(x, y)); entity->AddComponent(new Component::Movement()); entity->AddComponent(new Component::Render()); allEntities.push_back(entity); // std::vector entityById[entity->id] = entity; // std::map return entity; To implement a basic exception guarantee, I could use a scoped pointer on the new calls. This would prevent memory leaks if any of the calls were to throw an exception. However, let's say I want to implement a strong exception guarantee. At the least, I would need to implement a shared pointer for my containers (I'm not using Boost), a nothrow Entity::Swap for adding the components atomically, and some sort of idiom for atomically adding to both the Vector and Map. Not only would these be time consuming to implement, but they would be expensive since it involves a lot more copying than the exception unsafe solution. Ultimately, it feels to me like that time spent doing all of that wouldn't be justified just so that the a simple CreateEntity function is strongly exception safe. I probably just want the game to display an error and close at that point anyway. How far do you take this in your own game projects? Is it generally acceptable to write exception unsafe code for a program that can just crash when there is an exception?

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• Basic Connections Through Socket Server

  - by Walrus

  I'm designing a simple 2 player RTS with Stencyl, a program that uses blocks for coding. The current code updates lists whenever an actor moves (new X and Y), and I'd want the server to update the game state with each change to the list. However, to start off: I don't even know how to set up a socket server. Stencyl has taught me the basics of logic, but I've yet to learn any programming languages. I've downloaded a Smartfox 2X socket server that I'm intending to use. Right now I'm only looking to make baby steps; I want to do something to this effect: "When someone connects to the server, open insert file here". How can I do this? My intention is to have this file be the game client. Is this "open file when connected" method the best way to go about this? When answering: assume that I know nothing, because really, though I have done research (I know that UDPTCP for real time), implementation-wise I know nothing.

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• Performance issues with visibility detection and object transparency

  - by maul

  I'm working on a 3d game that has a view similar to classic isometric games (diablo, etc.). One of the things I'm trying to implement is the effect of turning walls transparent when the player walks behind them. By itself this is not a huge issue, but I'm having trouble determining which walls should be transparent exactly. I can't use a circle or square mask. There are a lot of cases where the wall piece at the same (relative) position has different visibility depending on the surrounding area. With the help of a friend I came up with this algorithm: Create a grid around the player that contains a lot of "visibility points" (my game is semi tile-based so I create one point for every tile on the grid) - the size of the square's side is close to the radius where I make objects transparent. I found 6x6 to be a good value, so that's 36 visibility points total. For every visibility point on the grid, check if that point is in the player's line of sight. For every visibility point that is in the LOS, cast a ray from the camera to that point and mark all objects the ray hits as transparent. This algorithm works - not perfectly, but only requires some tuning - however this is very slow. As you can see, it requries 36 ray casts minimum, but most of the time 60-70 depending on the position. That's simply too much for the CPU. Is there a better way to do this? I'm using Unity 3D but I'm not looking for an engine-specific solution.

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• How can I use iteration to lead targets?

  - by e100

  In my 2D game, I have stationary AI turrets firing constant speed bullets at moving targets. So far I have used a quadratic solver technique to calculate where the turret should aim in advance of the target, which works well (see Algorithm to shoot at a target in a 3d game, Predicting enemy position in order to have an object lead its target). But it occurs to me that an iterative technique might be more realistic (e.g. it should fire even when there is no exact solution), efficient and tunable - for example one could change the number of iterations to improve accuracy. I thought I could calculate the current range and thus an initial (inaccurate) bullet flight time to target, then work out where the target would actually be by that time, then recalculate a more accurate range, then recalculate flight time, etc etc. I think I am missing something obvious to do with the time term, but my aimpoint calculation does not currently converge after the significant initial correction in the first iteration: import math def aimpoint(iters, target_x, target_y, target_vel_x, target_vel_y, bullet_speed): aimpoint_x = target_x aimpoint_y = target_y range = math.sqrt(aimpoint_x**2 + aimpoint_y**2) time_to_target = range / bullet_speed time_delta = time_to_target n = 0 while n <= iters: print "iteration:", n, "target:", "(", aimpoint_x, aimpoint_y, ")", "time_delta:", time_delta aimpoint_x += target_vel_x * time_delta aimpoint_y += target_vel_y * time_delta range = math.sqrt(aimpoint_x**2 + aimpoint_y**2) new_time_to_target = range / bullet_speed time_delta = new_time_to_target - time_to_target n += 1 aimpoint(iters=5, target_x=0, target_y=100, target_vel_x=1, target_vel_y=0, bullet_speed=100)

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• Technique to have screen independent grid based puzzle with sprite animation

  - by Yan Cheng CHEOK

  Hello all, let's say I have a fixed size grid puzzle game (8 x 10). I will be using sprites animation, when the "pieces" in the puzzle is moving from one grid to another grid. I was wondering, what is the technique to have this game being implemented as screen resolution independent. Here is what I plan to do. 1) The data structure coordinate will be represented using double, with 1.0 as max value. // Puzzle grid of 8 x 10 Environment { double width = 0.8; double height = 1.0; } // Location of Sprite at coordinate (1, 1) Sprite { double posX = 0.1; double posY = 0.1; double width = 0.1; double height = 0.1; } // scale = PYSICAL_SCREEN_SIZE drawBitmap ( sprite_image, sprite_image_rect, new Rect(sprite.posX * Scale, sprite.posY * Scale, (sprite.posX + sprite.width) * Scale, (sprite.posY + sprite.Height) * Scale), paint ); 2) A large size sprite image will be used (128x128). As sprite image shall look fine if we scale from large size down to small size, but not vice versa. Besides the above mentioned technique, is there any other consideration I had missed out?

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• How do I make my rain effect look more like rain and less like snowfall?

  - by Nikhil Lamba

  I am making a game in that game I want a rain effect. I am little bit far from this right now. I am creating the rain effect like below: particleSystem.addParticleInitializer(new ColorInitializer(1, 1, 1)); particleSystem.addParticleInitializer(new AlphaInitializer(0)); particleSystem.setBlendFunction(GL10.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL10.GL_ONE); particleSystem.addParticleInitializer(new VelocityInitializer(2, 2, 20, 10)); particleSystem.addParticleInitializer(new RotationInitializer(0.0f, 30.0f)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new ScaleModifier(1.0f, 2.0f, 0, 150)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new ColorModifier(1, 1, 1, 1f, 1, 1, 1, 3)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new ColorModifier(1, 1, 1f, 1, 1, 1, 1, 6)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new AlphaModifier(0, 1, 0, 3)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new AlphaModifier(1, 0, 1, 125)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new ExpireModifier(50, 50)); scene.attachChild(particleSystem); But it looks like snowfall! What changes can I do for it to look more like rain? EDIT Here is a screenshot:

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• Alternatives to Component Based Architecture?

  - by Ben Lakey

  Usually when I develop a game I will use an architecture like what you see below. What other architectures are popular for simple game development? I'm concerned about having a narrow view of what exists out there for architectures beyond this. Is this an example of component-based architecture? Or is this something else? What would that look like? What alternatives exist? public abstract class ComponentBase { protected final Collection<ComponentBase> subComponents = new LinkedList<ComponentBase>(); private boolean enableInput; private boolean isVisible; protected ComponentBase(boolean enableInput, boolean isVisible) { this.enableInput = enableInput; this.isVisible = isVisible; } public void render(Graphics2D graphics) { for(ComponentBase gameComponent : this.subComponents) { if(gameComponent.isVisible()) { gameComponent.render(graphics); } } } public void input(InputData input) { for(ComponentBase gameComponent : this.subComponents) { if(gameComponent.inputIsEnabled()) { gameComponent.input(input); } } } ... getters/setters ... public void update(long elapsedTimeMillis) { for(ComponentBase gameComponent : this.subComponents) { gameComponent.update(elapsedTimeMillis); } } }

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• checking for collision detection

  - by bill

  I am trying to create a game where you have a player and you can move right,left, and jump. kind of like mario but its not a side scroller. also i want to use 2d array to make a tile map. my big problem is that i dont understand how to check for collision. i spend about 2 week thinking about this and i came up with 2 solution but they both have problems. let say my map is: 0 = sky 1 = player 2 = ground 00000 10002 22022 Solution 1: move the '1'(player) and update the map less say player wants to move right, then x+=grid[x+1][y] this make the collision easy bc you can just check if if(grid[x][y+1] == 2){ //player is standing on top of ground } problem with this when u hit right key player will move (x*Titlewidth) to right. and as you can see the animation wont look smooth. Solution 2: move player and dont update map player_x += 2 this will make the animation more smoother bc i am just moving 2 pixels. problem1: i cant update map bc if player some times will be middle of int(2d array). but thats ok sinces its not a side scroller so updating the map is not a big deal. problem2: only way to check for collision is to use java intersection method. but then player have to be atleast 1 or 2 pixel in ground in order to check for collision. and as you can see that wont look good too. plz note this is my first collision game in java. so plz try to explain alot otherwise i wont understand it.

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• Is HTML5/WebGL performance unreliable on low-end Android tablets and phones?

  - by Boris van Schooten

  I've developed a couple of WebGL games, and am trying them out on Android. I found that they run very slowly on my tablet, however. For example, a game with 10 sprites or so runs as 5fps. I tried Chrome and CocoonJS, but they are comparably slow. I also tried other games, and even games with only 5 or so moving sprites are this slow. This seems inconsistent with reports from others, such as this benchmark. Typically, when people talk about HTML5 game performance, they mention well-known and higher-end phones and tables. While my 7" tablet is cheap (I believe it's a relabeled Allwinner tablet, apparently with the Mali 400 GPU), I found it generally has a good gaming performance. All the games I tried run smoothly. I also developed an OpenGL ES 2 demo with 200 shaded 3D objects, and it ran at 50fps. My suspicion is that many low-end and white-label devices may have unacceptable HTML5/WebGL support, which means there may be a large section of gamers you will not reach when you choose this as your platform. I've heard rumors about inconsistent performance of HTML5 and WebGL on different devices, but no clear picture emerges. I would like to hear if any of you have had similar experiences with HTML5 or WebGL, or whether I can find information about the percentage of devices I can expect to have decent performance.

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• How can player actions be "judged morally" in a measurable way?

  - by Sebastien Diot

  While measuring the player "skills" and "effort" is usually easy, adding some "less objective" statistics can give the player supplementary goals, especially in a MUD/RPG context. What I mean is that apart from counting how many orcs were killed, and gems collected, it would be interesting to have something along the line of the traditional Good/Evil, Lawful/Chaotic ranking of paper-based RPG, to add "dimension" to the game. But computers cannot differentiate good/evil effectively (nor can humans in many cases), and if you have a set of "laws" which are precise enough that you can tell exactly when the player breaks them, then it generally makes more sense to actually prevent them from doing that action in the first place. One example could be the creation/destruction axis (if players are at all allowed to create/build things), possibly in the form of the general effect of the player actions on "ecology". So what else is there left that can be effectively measured and would provide a sense of "moral" for the player? The more axis I have to measure, the more goals the player can have, and therefore the longer the game can last. This also gives the players more ways of "differentiating" themselves among hordes of other players of the same "class" and similar "kit".

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• How to choose cell to put entity in in an uniform grid used for broad phase collision detection?

  - by nathan

  I'm trying to implement the broad phase of my collision detection algorithm. My game is an arcade game with lot of moving entities in an open space with relatively equivalent sizes. Regarding the above specifications, i decided to use an uniform grid for space partitioning. The problem i have right know is how to efficiently choose in which cells an entity should be added. ATM i'm doing something like this: for (int x = 0; x < gridSize; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < gridSize; y++) { GridCell cell = grid[x][y]; cell.clear(); //remove the previously added entities for (int i = 0; i < entities.size(); i++) { Entity e = entities.get(i); if (cell.isEntityOverlap(e)) { cell.add(e); } } } } The isEntityOverlap is a simple method i added my GridCell class. public boolean isEntityOverlap(Shape s) { return cellArea.intersects(s); } Where cellArea is a Rectangle. cellArea = new Rectangle(x, y, CollisionGrid.CELL_SIZE, CollisionGrid.CELL_SIZE); It works but it's damn slow. What would be a fast way to know all the cells an entity overlaps? Note: by "it works" i mean, the entities are contained in the good cells over the time after movements etc.

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• Grid-Based 2D Lighting Problems

  - by Lemoncreme

  I am aware this question has been asked before, but unfortunately I am new to the language, so the complicated explanations I've found do not help me in the least. I need a lighting engine for my game, and I've tried some procedural lighting systems. This method works the best: if (light[xx - 1, yy] > light[xx, yy]) light[xx, yy] = light[xx - 1, yy] - lightPass; if (light[xx, yy - 1] > light[xx, yy]) light[xx, yy] = light[xx, yy - 1] - lightPass; if (light[xx + 1, yy] > light[xx, yy]) light[xx, yy] = light[xx + 1, yy] - lightPass; if (light[xx, yy + 1] > light[xx, yy]) light[xx, yy] = light[xx, yy + 1] - lightPass; (Subtracts adjacent values by 'lightPass' variable if they are more bright) (It's in a for() loop) This is all fine and dandy except for a an obvious reason: The system favors whatever comes first in the for() loop This is what the above code looks like applied to my game: If I could get some help on creating a new procedural or otherwise lighting system I would really appreciate it!

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• Cocos2d sprite's parent not reflecting true scale value

  - by Paul Renton

  I am encountering issues with determining a CCSprite's parent node's scale value. In my game I have a class that extends CCLayer and scales itself based on game triggers. Certain child sprites of this CCLayer have mathematical calculations that become inaccurate once I scale the parent CCLayer. For instance, I have a tank sprite that needs to determine its firing point within the parent node. Whenever I scale the layer and ask the layer for its scale values, they are accurate. However, when I poll the sprites contained within the layer for their parent's scale values, they always appear as one. // From within the sprite CCLOG(@"ChildSprite-> Parent's scale values are scaleX: %f, scaleY: %f", self.parent.scaleX, self.parent.scaleY); // Outputs 1.0,1.0 // From within the layer CCLOG(@"Layer-> ScaleX : %f, ScaleY: %f , SCALE: %f", self.scaleX, self.scaleY, self.scale); // Output is 0.80,0.80 Could anyone explain to me why this is the case? I don't understand why these values are different. Maybe I don't understand the inner design of Cocos2d fully. Any help is appreciated.

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• Inconsistent accessibility error in xna.

  - by Tom

  Hey all, you may remember me asking a question regarding a snake game I was creating about two weeks ago. Well I'm quite far now into making the game (thanks to a brilliant tutorial I found). But I've come across the error described named above. So heres my problem; I have a SnakeFood class that has a method called "Reposition". In the game1 class I have a method called "UpdateInGame" which calls the reposition method to load an orange that spawns in a random place every second. My latest piece of code changed the reposition method to allow the snake I have on the screen to not be overlapped by the orange that randomly spawns. Now I get the error (in full): Error 1 Inconsistent accessibility: parameter type 'TheMathsSnakeGame.Snake' is less accessible than method 'TheMathsSnakeGame.SnakeFood.Reposition(TheMathsSnakeGame.Snake)' C:\Users\Tom\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\TheMathsSnakeGame\TheMathsSnakeGame\SnakeFood.cs 33 21 TheMathsSnakeGame I understand what the errors trying to tell me but having changed the accessiblity of the methods, I still can't get it to work. Sorry about the longwinded question. Thanks in advance :) Edit: Code I'm using (Game1 Class) private void UpdateInGame(GameTime gameTime) { //Calls the oranges "reposition" method every second if (gameTime.TotalGameTime.Milliseconds % 1000 == 0) orange.Reposition(sidney); sidney.Update(gameTime); } (SnakeFood Class) public void Reposition(Snake snake) { do { position = new Point(rand.Next(Grid.maxHeight), rand.Next(Grid.maxWidth)); } while (snake.IsBodyOnPoint(position)); }

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• Calculating collision force with AfterCollision/NormalImpulse is unreliable when IgnoreCCD = false?

  - by Michael

  I'm using Farseer Physics Engine 3.3.1 in a very simple XNA 4 test game. (Note: I'm also tagging this Box2D, because Farseer is a direct port of Box2D and I will happily accept Box2D answers that solve this problem.) In this game, I'm creating two bodies. The first body is created using BodyFactory.CreateCircle and BodyType.Dynamic. This body can be moved around using the keyboard (which sets Body.LinearVelocity). The second body is created using BodyFactory.CreateRectangle and BodyType.Static. This body is static and never moves. Then I'm using this code to calculate the force of collision when the two bodies collide: staticBody.FixtureList[0].AfterCollision += new AfterCollisionEventHandler(AfterCollision); protected void AfterCollision(Fixture fixtureA, Fixture fixtureB, Contact contact) { float maxImpulse = 0f; for (int i = 0; i < contact.Manifold.PointCount; i++) maxImpulse = Math.Max(maxImpulse, contact.Manifold.Points[i].NormalImpulse); // maxImpulse should contain the force of the collision } This code works great if both of these bodies are set to IgnoreCCD=true. I can calculate the force of collision between them 100% reliably. Perfect. But here's the problem: If I set the bodies to IgnoreCCD=false, that code becomes wildly unpredictable. AfterCollision is called reliably, but for some reason the NormalImpulse is 0 about 75% of the time, so only about one in four collisions is registered. Worse still, the NormalImpulse seems to be zero for completely random reasons. The dynamic body can collide with the static body 10 times in a row in virtually exactly the same way, and only 2 or 3 of the hits will register with a NormalImpulse greater than zero. Setting IgnoreCCD=true on both bodies instantly solves the problem, but then I lose continuous physics detection. Why is this happening and how can I fix it? Here's a link to a simple XNA 4 solution that demonstrates this problem in action: http://www.mediafire.com/?a1w242q9sna54j4

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• Question about mipmaps + anisotropic filtering

  - by Telanor

  I'm a bit confused here and maybe someone can explain this to me. I created a simple test texture for my terrain which is nothing more than a solid green color with a black grid overlayed on top of it. If I look at the terrain in the distance with mipmapping on and linear filtering, the grid lines become blurry fairly quickly and further back the grid is pretty much invisible. With these settings, I don't get any moire patterns at all. If I turn on anisotropic filtering, however, the higher the anisotropic level, the more the terrain looks like it did with without mipmapping. The lines are much crisper nearby but in the distance I start to see terrible moire patterns. My understanding was that mipmapping is supposed to get rid of moire patterns. I've always had anisotropic filtering on in every game I play and I've never noticed any moire patterns as a result, so I don't understand why it's happening in my game. I am using logarithmic depth however, could that be causing any problems? And if it is, how do I resolve it? I've created my sampler state like so (I'm using slimdx): ssa = SamplerState.FromDescription(Engine.Device, new SamplerDescription { AddressU = TextureAddressMode.Clamp, AddressV = TextureAddressMode.Clamp, AddressW = TextureAddressMode.Clamp, Filter = Filter.Anisotropic, MaximumAnisotropy = anisotropicLevel, MinimumLod = 0, MaximumLod = float.MaxValue });

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• Isometric Movement in Javascript In the DOM

  - by deep

  I am creating a game using Javascript. I am not using the HTML5 Canvas Element. The game requires both side view controlles, and Isometric controls, hence the movementMode variable. I have got the specific angles, but I am stuck on an aspect of this. https://chillibyte.makes.org/thimble/movement function draw() { if (keyPressed) { if (whichKey == keys.left) { move(-1,0) } if (whichKey == keys.right) { move(1,0) } if (whichKey == keys.up) { move(0,-1) } if (whichKey == keys.down) { move(0,1) } } } This gives normal up, down , left, and right. i want to refactor this so that i can plugin two variables into the move() function, which will give the movement wanted. Now for the trig. /| / | / | y / | /a___| x Take This Right angled Triangle. given that x is 1, y must be equal to tan(a) That Seems right. However, when I do Math.tan(45), i get a number similar to 1.601. Why? To Sum up this question. I have a function, and i need a function which will converts an angle to a value, which will tell me the number of pixels that i need to go up by, if i only go across 1. Is it Math.tan that i want? or is it something else?

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• Vertex fog producing black artifacts

  - by Nick

  I originally posted this question on the XNA forums but got no replies, so maybe someone here can help: I am rendering a textured model using the XNA BasicEffect. When I enable fog, the model outline is still visible as many small black dots when it should be "in the fog". Why is this happening? Here's what it looks like for me -- http://tinypic.com/r/fnh440/6 Here is a minimal example showing my problem: (the ship model that this example uses is from the chase camera sample on this site -- http://xbox.create.msdn.com/en-US/education/catalog/sample/chasecamera -- in case anyone wants to try it out ;)) public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; Model model; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } protected override void LoadContent() { // Create a new SpriteBatch, which can be used to draw textures. spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); // TODO: use this.Content to load your game content here model = Content.Load<Model>("ship"); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect be in mesh.Effects) { be.EnableDefaultLighting(); be.FogEnabled = true; be.FogColor = Color.CornflowerBlue.ToVector3(); be.FogStart = 10; be.FogEnd = 30; } } } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); // TODO: Add your drawing code here model.Draw(Matrix.Identity * Matrix.CreateScale(0.01f) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(3 * MathHelper.PiOver4), Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(0, 0, 30), Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Up), Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver4, 16f/9f, 1, 100)); base.Draw(gameTime); } }

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• Capitalizing on JavaScript's prototypal inheritance

  - by keithjgrant

  JavaScript has a class-free object system in which objects inherit properties directly from other objects. This is really powerful, but it is unfamiliar to classically trained programmers. If you attempt to apply classical design patterns directly to JavaScript, you will be frustrated. But if you learn to work with JavaScript's prototypal nature, your efforts will be rewarded. ... It is Lisp in C's clothing. -Douglas Crockford What does this mean for a game developer working with canvas and HTML5? I've been looking over this question on useful design patterns in gaming, but prototypal inheritance is very different than classical inheritance, and there are surely differences in the best way to apply some of these common patterns. For example, classical inheritance allows us to create a moveableEntity class, and extend that with any classes that move in our game world (player, monster, bullet, etc.). Sure, you can strongarm JavaScript to work that way, but in doing so, you are kind of fighting against its nature. Is there a better approach to this sort of problem when we have prototypal inheritance at our fingertips?

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• Efficient mapping layout in 2D side-scroller, and collisions between character and the world

  - by Jack

  I haven't touched Visual Studio for a couple months now, but I was playing a game from the '90s toady and had an epiphany: I was looking for something what i didn't need, and I wasn't using what I knew correctly. One of those realizations was collision, so let me tell you a bit about my project that I was working on. The project's graphics looks like Mario or Dangerous Dave, etc., you get the idea - old-school pixels. So anyway I remember trying to think of something else than AABB for character form, but I couldn't think of anything. Perhaps I could get a suggestion for this? Another thing is the world - I don't want it to be just linear world, I want mountains, etc.. My idea is to use triangles, and no idea yet what to do if I want just part of the cube, say 3/4 or 2/4 or whatever. Hard-coding such things seems inefficient. P.S. I am not looking at the precision level offered by Box2D. Actually I remember trying to implement it at first, but I failed as my understanding of C++ wasn't advanced enough, as it'll be mentioned below. P.P.S. I am programming in C++, and I haven't done it for a couple months now. I have no means of testing it either, as my PC is broken down, and this one can barely run games from late '90s, not to speak about a compiler or a program with inefficient resource management... I am also not an expert (obviously), I don't even know if I can consider myself an average programmer. In short, I am simply curious about my thoughts and my past experience when programming the game. I may come back to it when my PC is fixed, I'm already filling a note about these things.

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• How to correctly export UV coordinates from Blender

  - by KlashnikovKid

  Alright, so I'm just now getting around to texturing some assets. After much trial and error I feel I'm pretty good at UV unwrapping now and my work looks good in Blender. However, either I'm using the UV data incorrectly (I really doubt it) or Blender doesn't seem to export the correct UV coordinates into the obj file because the texture is mapped differently in my game engine. And in Blender I've played with the texture panel and it's mapping options and have noticed it doesn't appear to affect the exported obj file's uv coordinates. So I guess my question is, is there something I need to do prior to exporting in order to bake the correct UV coordinates into the obj file? Or something else that needs to be done to massage the texture coordinates for sampling. Or any thoughts at all of what could be going wrong? (Also here is a screen shot of my diffused texture in blender and the game engine. As you can see in the image, I have the same problem with a simple test cube not getting correct uv's either) http://www.digitalinception.net/blenderSS.png http://www.digitalinception.net/gameSS.png

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