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  • Redirecting image to php page.

    - by Searock
    Hi, Is it possible to redirect a user to a php page and then redirect to different image, if the user is requesting for the image ? For example if user requests for the image or if other website requests for the image, it should be redirected to the php page and then redirected to a different image. Like if other website requests for http://example.com/images/a.gif, the website will get a different image i.e. http://example.com/images/b.gif. Is it possible? Let me know if I am not clear with my problem. Thanks. Edit : I am trying to create avatar changer for a forum, but the problem is that I cannot add a php link to my avatar. So I think if I could add a image link and when the forum requests the image I could redirect it internally to a php page and then from the php page I would redirect it to a different image.

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  • Delphi: EInvalidOp in neural network class (TD-lambda)

    - by user89818
    I have the following draft for a neural network class. This neural network should learn with TD-lambda. It is started by calling the getRating() function. But unfortunately, there is an EInvalidOp (invalid floading point operation) error after about 1000 iterations in the following lines: neuronsHidden[j] := neuronsHidden[j]+neuronsInput[t][i]*weightsInput[i][j]; // input -> hidden weightsHidden[j][k] := weightsHidden[j][k]+LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]; // adjust hidden->output weights according to TD-lambda Why is this error? I can't find the mistake in my code :( Can you help me? Thank you very much in advance! unit uNeuronalesNetz; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, ExtCtrls, StdCtrls, Grids, Menus, Math; const NEURONS_INPUT = 43; // number of neurons in the input layer NEURONS_HIDDEN = 60; // number of neurons in the hidden layer NEURONS_OUTPUT = 1; // number of neurons in the output layer NEURONS_TOTAL = NEURONS_INPUT+NEURONS_HIDDEN+NEURONS_OUTPUT; // total number of neurons in the network MAX_TIMESTEPS = 42; // maximum number of timesteps possible (after 42 moves: board is full) LEARNING_RATE_INPUT = 0.25; // in ideal case: decrease gradually in course of training LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN = 0.15; // in ideal case: decrease gradually in course of training GAMMA = 0.9; LAMBDA = 0.7; // decay parameter for eligibility traces type TFeatureVector = Array[1..43] of SmallInt; // definition of the array type TFeatureVector TArtificialNeuralNetwork = class // definition of the class TArtificialNeuralNetwork private // GENERAL SETTINGS START learningMode: Boolean; // does the network learn and change its weights? // GENERAL SETTINGS END // NETWORK CONFIGURATION START neuronsInput: Array[1..MAX_TIMESTEPS] of Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Extended; // array of all input neurons (their values) for every timestep neuronsHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Extended; // array of all hidden neurons (their values) neuronsOutput: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of output neurons (their values) weightsInput: Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Extended; // array of weights: input->hidden weightsHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of weights: hidden->output // NETWORK CONFIGURATION END // LEARNING SETTINGS START outputBefore: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the network's output value in the last timestep (the one before) eligibilityTraceHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of eligibility traces: hidden layer eligibilityTraceOutput: Array[1..NEURONS_TOTAL] of Array[1..NEURONS_TOTAL] of Extended; // array of eligibility traces: output layer reward: Array[1..MAX_TIMESTEPS] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the reward value for all output neurons in every timestep tdError: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the network's error value for every single output neuron t: Byte; // current timestep cyclesTrained: Integer; // number of cycles trained so far (learning rates could be decreased accordingly) last50errors: Array[1..50] of Extended; // LEARNING SETTINGS END public constructor Create; // create the network object and do the initialization procedure UpdateEligibilityTraces; // update the eligibility traces for the hidden and output layer procedure tdLearning; // learning algorithm: adjust the network's weights procedure ForwardPropagation; // propagate the input values through the network to the output layer function getRating(state: TFeatureVector; explorative: Boolean): Extended; // get the rating for a given state (feature vector) function HyperbolicTangent(x: Extended): Extended; // calculate the hyperbolic tangent [-1;1] procedure StartNewCycle; // start a new cycle with everything set to default except for the weights procedure setLearningMode(activated: Boolean=TRUE); // switch the learning mode on/off procedure setInputs(state: TFeatureVector); // transfer the given feature vector to the input layer (set input neurons' values) procedure setReward(currentReward: SmallInt); // set the reward for the current timestep (with learning then or without) procedure nextTimeStep; // increase timestep t function getCyclesTrained(): Integer; // get the number of cycles trained so far procedure Visualize(imgHidden: Pointer); // visualize the neural network's hidden layer end; implementation procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.UpdateEligibilityTraces; var i, j, k: Integer; begin // how worthy is a weight to be adjusted? for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k] := LAMBDA*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]+(neuronsOutput[k]*(1-neuronsOutput[k]))*neuronsHidden[j]; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k] := LAMBDA*eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k]+(neuronsOutput[k]*(1-neuronsOutput[k]))*weightsHidden[j][k]*neuronsHidden[j]*(1-neuronsHidden[j])*neuronsInput[t][i]; end; end; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setReward; VAR i: Integer; begin for i := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin // +1 = player A wins // 0 = draw // -1 = player B wins reward[t][i] := currentReward; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.tdLearning; var i, j, k: Integer; begin if learningMode then begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin if reward[t][k] = 0 then begin tdError[k] := GAMMA*neuronsOutput[k]-outputBefore[k]; // network's error value when reward is 0 end else begin tdError[k] := reward[t][k]-outputBefore[k]; // network's error value in the final state (reward received) end; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin weightsHidden[j][k] := weightsHidden[j][k]+LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]; // adjust hidden->output weights according to TD-lambda for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin weightsInput[i][j] := weightsInput[i][j]+LEARNING_RATE_INPUT*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k]; // adjust input->hidden weights according to TD-lambda end; end; end; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.ForwardPropagation; var i, j, k: Integer; begin for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsHidden[j] := 0; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin neuronsHidden[j] := neuronsHidden[j]+neuronsInput[t][i]*weightsInput[i][j]; // input -> hidden end; neuronsHidden[j] := HyperbolicTangent(neuronsHidden[j]); // activation of hidden neuron j end; for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin neuronsOutput[k] := 0; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsOutput[k] := neuronsOutput[k]+neuronsHidden[j]*weightsHidden[j][k]; // hidden -> output end; neuronsOutput[k] := HyperbolicTangent(neuronsOutput[k]); // activation of output neuron k end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setLearningMode; begin learningMode := activated; end; constructor TArtificialNeuralNetwork.Create; var i, j, k: Integer; begin inherited Create; Randomize; // initialize random numbers generator learningMode := TRUE; cyclesTrained := -2; // only set to -2 because it will be increased twice in the beginning StartNewCycle; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin weightsHidden[j][k] := abs(Random-0.5); // initialize weights: 0 <= random < 0.5 end; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin weightsInput[i][j] := abs(Random-0.5); // initialize weights: 0 <= random < 0.5 end; end; for i := 1 to 50 do begin last50errors[i] := 0; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.nextTimeStep; begin t := t+1; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.StartNewCycle; var i, j, k, m: Integer; begin t := 1; // start in timestep 1 cyclesTrained := cyclesTrained+1; // increase the number of cycles trained so far for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsHidden[j] := 0; for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k] := 0; outputBefore[k] := 0; neuronsOutput[k] := 0; for m := 1 to MAX_TIMESTEPS do begin reward[m][k] := 0; end; end; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k] := 0; end; end; end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.getCyclesTrained; begin result := cyclesTrained; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setInputs; var k: Integer; begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin neuronsInput[t][k] := state[k]; end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.getRating; begin setInputs(state); ForwardPropagation; result := neuronsOutput[1]; if not explorative then begin tdLearning; // adjust the weights according to TD-lambda ForwardPropagation; // calculate the network's output again outputBefore[1] := neuronsOutput[1]; // set outputBefore which will then be used in the next timestep UpdateEligibilityTraces; // update the eligibility traces for the next timestep nextTimeStep; // go to the next timestep end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.HyperbolicTangent; begin if x > 5500 then // prevent overflow result := 1 else result := (Exp(2*x)-1)/(Exp(2*x)+1); end; end.

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  • Why do I need to close fds when reading and writing to the pipe?

    - by valentimsousa
    However, what if one of my processes needs to continuously write to the pipe while the other pipe needs to read? This example seems to work only for one write and one read. I need multi read and write void executarComandoURJTAG(int newSock) { int input[2], output[2], estado, d; pid_t pid; char buffer[256]; char linha[1024]; pipe(input); pipe(output); pid = fork(); if (pid == 0) {// child close(0); close(1); close(2); dup2(input[0], 0); dup2(output[1], 1); dup2(output[1], 2); close(input[1]); close(output[0]); execlp("jtag", "jtag", NULL); } else { // parent close(input[0]); close(output[1]); do { read(newSock, linha, 1024); /* Escreve o buffer no pipe */ write(input[1], linha, strlen(linha)); close(input[1]); while ((d = read(output[0], buffer, 255))) { //buffer[d] = '\0'; write(newSock, buffer, strlen(buffer)); puts(buffer); } write(newSock, "END", 4); } while (strcmp(linha, "quit") != 0); } }

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  • Questions about grails filters

    - by manojsingh
    Basically I have 2 questions regarding grails filters. According to grails documentation you can do something like below in a filter if (userId != paramsUserId) { flash.message = "You can only modify yourself" redirect(action: 'list') return false } If the above condition is true then how will the return statement get executed ? Can I have a redirect in my filter to a some action which also has a redirect ?

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  • Multiple "If...then....else if...." problem ?

    - by bahamut100
    Hi, I'm new in ASP development. This is my source code : ident = request.Form("ident") pass=request.Form("passe") response.write(ident) response.write(pass) if pass= "m" and ident="m" Then Session("connect")="membre" response.redirect("../") else if pass= "g" and ident="g" Then Session("connect")="gest" response.redirect("../") else if pass= "a" and ident="a" Then Session("connect")="admin" response.redirect("../") else response.redirect("ident.asp") End If But, with this code, I get this : "Erreur de compilation Microsoft VBScript error '800a0401' Fin d'instruction attendue /iisHelp/common/500-100.asp, line 11 Dim objASPError, blnErrorWritten, strServername, strServerIP, strRemoteIP Dim strMethod, lngPos, datNow, strQueryString, strURL --------------------------------------------------------------------------^ Erreur de compilation Microsoft VBScript error '800a03f6' 'End' attendu /groupe2/stage23/TP3/verif_id.asp, line 18 "

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  • jQuery load a page on click then automatically load a div.

    - by kylex
    I am wanting to redirect a page on click, and then load specified content into on of those pages div. How do I go about doing this? For example: <div id="redirect">Click here to go to new page</div> When the new page loads, there will be a div with id = content that needs to have content automatically loaded based on data sent from the redirect id on the previous page.

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  • iptables -P FORWARD DROP makes port forwarding slow

    - by Isaac
    I have three computers, linked like this: box1 (ubuntu) box2 router & gateway (debian) box3 (opensuse) [10.0.1.1] ---- [10.0.1.18,10.0.2.18,10.0.3.18] ---- [10.0.3.15] | box4, www [10.0.2.1] Among other things I want box2 to do nat and port forwarding, so that I can do ssh -p 2223 box2 to reach box3. For this I have the following iptables script: #!/bin/bash # flush iptables -F INPUT iptables -F FORWARD iptables -F OUTPUT iptables -t nat -F PREROUTING iptables -t nat -F POSTROUTING iptables -t nat -F OUTPUT # default default_action=DROP for chain in INPUT OUTPUT;do iptables -P $chain $default_action done iptables -P FORWARD DROP # allow ssh to local computer allowed_ssh_clients="10.0.1.1 10.0.3.15" for ip in $allowed_ssh_clients;do iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 22 -d $ip -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -s $ip -j ACCEPT done # allow DNS iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -m state \ --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp --sport 53 -m state \ --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # allow HTTP & HTTPS iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 80,443 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --sports 80,443 -j ACCEPT # # ROUTING # # allow routing echo 1 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward # nat iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE # http iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --sport 80 -j ACCEPT # ssh redirect iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth1 --dport 2223 -j DNAT \ --to-destination 10.0.3.15:22 iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --sport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --sport 1024:65535 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --dport 1024:65535 -j ACCEPT iptables -I FORWARD -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " While this works, it takes about 10 seconds to get a password promt from my ssh command. Afterwards, the connection is as responsive as could be. If I change the default policy for my FORWARD chain to "ACCEPT", then the password promt is there imediatly. I have tried analysing the logs, but I can not spot a difference in the logs for ACCEPT/DROP in my FORWARD chain. Also I have tried allowing all the unprivileged ports, as box1 uses thoses for doing ssh to box2. Any hints? (If the whole setup seems strange to you - the point of the exercise is to understand iptables ;))

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  • Fortinet: Is there any equivalent of the ASA's packet-tracer command?

    - by Kedare
    I would like to know if there is not Fortigates an equivalent of the packet-tracer command that we can find on the ASA. Here is an example of execution for those who don't know it: NAT and pass : lev5505# packet-tracer input inside tcp 192.168.3.20 9876 8.8.8.8 80 Phase: 1 Type: ACCESS-LIST Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: Implicit Rule Additional Information: MAC Access list Phase: 2 Type: ROUTE-LOOKUP Subtype: input Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: in 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 outside Phase: 3 Type: ACCESS-LIST Subtype: log Result: ALLOW Config: access-group inside-in in interface inside access-list inside-in extended permit tcp any any eq www access-list inside-in remark Allows DNS Additional Information: Phase: 4 Type: IP-OPTIONS Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: Phase: 5 Type: VPN Subtype: ipsec-tunnel-flow Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: Phase: 6 Type: NAT Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: object network inside-network nat (inside,outside) dynamic interface Additional Information: Dynamic translate 192.168.3.20/9876 to 81.56.15.183/9876 Phase: 7 Type: IP-OPTIONS Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: Phase: 8 Type: FLOW-CREATION Subtype: Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: New flow created with id 94755, packet dispatched to next module Result: input-interface: inside input-status: up input-line-status: up output-interface: outside output-status: up output-line-status: up Action: allow Blocked by ACL: lev5505# packet-tracer input inside tcp 192.168.3.20 9876 8.8.8.8 81 Phase: 1 Type: ROUTE-LOOKUP Subtype: input Result: ALLOW Config: Additional Information: in 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 outside Phase: 2 Type: ACCESS-LIST Subtype: Result: DROP Config: Implicit Rule Additional Information: Result: input-interface: inside input-status: up input-line-status: up output-interface: outside output-status: up output-line-status: up Action: drop Drop-reason: (acl-drop) Flow is denied by configured rule Is there any equivalent on the Fortigates ?

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  • IPMI sdr entity 8 (memory module) only showing 3 records?

    - by thinice
    I've got two Dell PE R710's - A has a single socket and 3 DIMMs in one bank B has both sockets and 6 (2 banks @ 3 DIMMs) filled The output from "ipmitool sdr entity 8" confuses me - according to the OpenIPMI documentation these are supposed to represent DIMM slots. Output from A (1 CPU, 3 DIMMS, 1 bank.): ~#: ipmitool sdr entity 8 Temp | 0Ah | ok | 8.1 | 27 degrees C Temp | 0Bh | ns | 8.1 | Disabled Temp | 0Ch | ucr | 8.1 | 52 degrees C Output from B (2 CPUs, 3 DIMMS in both banks, 6 total): ~#: ipmitool sdr entity 8 Temp | 0Ah | ok | 8.1 | 26 degrees C Temp | 0Bh | ok | 8.1 | 25 degrees C Temp | 0Ch | ucr | 8.1 | 51 degrees C Now, I'm starting to think this output isn't DIMMS themselves, but maybe a sensor for each bank and something else? (Otherwise, shouldn't I see 6 readings for the one with both banks active?) The CPU's aren't near 50 deg C, so I doubt the significantly higher reading is due to proximity - Is anyone able to explain what I'm seeing? Does the output from my ipmitool sdr entity 8 -v here on pastebin seem to hint at different sensors? The sensor naming conventions are poor - seems like a dell thing. Here is output from racadm racdump

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  • ffmpeg - creating DNxHD MFX files with alphas

    - by Hugh
    Hi all, I'm struggling with something in FFMpeg at the moment... I'm trying to make DNxHD 1080p/24, 36Mb/s MXF files from a sequence of PNG files. My current command-line is: ffmpeg -y -f image2 -i /tmp/temp.%04d.png -s 1920x1080 -r 24 -vcodec dnxhd -f mxf -pix_fmt rgb32 -b 36Mb /tmp/temp.mxf To which ffmpeg gives me the output: Input #0, image2, from '/tmp/temp.%04d.png': Duration: 00:00:01.60, start: 0.000000, bitrate: N/A Stream #0.0: Video: png, rgb32, 1920x1080, 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc Output #0, mxf, to '/tmp/temp.mxf': Stream #0.0: Video: dnxhd, yuv422p, 1920x1080, q=2-31, 36000 kb/s, 90k tbn, 24 tbc Stream mapping: Stream #0.0 -> #0.0 [mxf @ 0x1005800]unsupported video frame rate Could not write header for output file #0 (incorrect codec parameters ?) There are a few things in here that concern me: The output stream is insisting on being yuv422p, which doesn't support alpha. 24fps is an unsupported video frame rate? I've tried 23.976 too, and get the same thing. I then tried the same thing, but writing to a quicktime (still DNxHD, though) with: ffmpeg -y -f image2 -i /tmp/temp.%04d.png -s 1920x1080 -r 24 -vcodec dnxhd -f mov -pix_fmt rgb32 -b 36Mb /tmp/temp.mov This gives me the output: Input #0, image2, from '/tmp/1274263259.28098.%04d.png': Duration: 00:00:01.60, start: 0.000000, bitrate: N/A Stream #0.0: Video: png, rgb32, 1920x1080, 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc Output #0, mov, to '/tmp/1274263259.28098.mov': Stream #0.0: Video: dnxhd, yuv422p, 1920x1080, q=2-31, 36000 kb/s, 90k tbn, 24 tbc Stream mapping: Stream #0.0 -> #0.0 Press [q] to stop encoding frame= 39 fps= 9 q=1.0 Lsize= 7177kB time=1.62 bitrate=36180.8kbits/s video:7176kB audio:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead 0.013636% Which obviously works, to a certain extent, but still has the issue of being yuv422p, and therefore losing the alpha. If I'm going to QuickTime, then I can get what I need using Shake, but my main aim here is to be able to generate .mxf files. Any thoughts? Thanks

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  • JVM system time runs faster than HP UNIX OS system time

    - by winston
    Hello I have the following output from a simple debug jsp: Weblogic Startup Since: Friday, October 19, 2012, 08:36:12 AM Database Current Time: Wednesday, December 12, 2012, 11:43:44 AM Weblogic JVM Current Time: Wednesday, December 12, 2012, 11:45:38 AM Line 1 was a recorded variable during WebLogic webapp startup. Line 2 was output from database query select sysdate from dual; Line 3 was output from java code new Date() I have checked from shell date command that line 2 output conforms with OS time. The output of line 3 was mysterious. I don't know how it comes from Java VM. On another machine with same setting, the same jsp output like this: Weblogic Startup Since: Tuesday, December 11, 2012, 02:29:06 PM Database Current Time: Wednesday, December 12, 2012, 11:51:48 AM Weblogic JVM Current Time: Wednesday, December 12, 2012, 11:51:50 AM Another machine: Weblogic Startup Since: Monday, December 10, 2012, 05:00:34 PM Database Current Time: Wednesday, December 12, 2012, 11:52:03 AM Weblogic JVM Current Time: Wednesday, December 12, 2012, 11:52:07 AM Findings: the pattern shows that the longer Weblogic startup, the larger the discrepancy of OS time with JVM time. Anybody could help on HP JVM? On HP UNIX, NTP was done daily. Anyway here comes the server versions: HP-UX machinex B.11.31 U ia64 2426956366 unlimited-user license java version "1.6.0.04" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0.04-jinteg_28_apr_2009_04_46-b00) Java HotSpot(TM) Server VM (build 11.3-b02-jre1.6.0.04-rc2, mixed mode) WebLogic Server Version: 10.3.2.0 Java properties java.runtime.name=Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment java.runtime.version=1.6.0.04-jinteg_28_apr_2009_04_46-b00 java.vendor=Hewlett-Packard Co. java.vendor.url=http\://www.hp.com/go/Java java.version=1.6.0.04 java.vm.name=Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM java.vm.info=mixed mode java.vm.specification.vendor=Sun Microsystems Inc. java.vm.vendor="Hewlett-Packard Company" sun.arch.data.model=64 sun.cpu.endian=big sun.cpu.isalist=ia64r0 sun.io.unicode.encoding=UnicodeBig sun.java.launcher=SUN_STANDARD sun.jnu.encoding=8859_1 sun.management.compiler=HotSpot 64-Bit Server Compiler sun.os.patch.level=unknown os.name=HP-UX os.version=B.11.31

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  • How do I convert a video to GIF using ffmpeg, with reasonable quality?

    - by Kamil Hismatullin
    I'm converting .flv movie to .gif file with ffmpeg. ffmpeg -i input.flv -ss 00:00:00.000 -pix_fmt rgb24 -r 10 -s 320x240 -t 00:00:10.000 output.gif It works great, but output gif file has a very law quality. Any ideas how can I improve quality of converted gif? Output of command: $ ffmpeg -i input.flv -ss 00:00:00.000 -pix_fmt rgb24 -r 10 -s 320x240 -t 00:00:10.000 output.gif ffmpeg version 0.8.5-6:0.8.5-0ubuntu0.12.10.1, Copyright (c) 2000-2012 the Libav developers built on Jan 24 2013 14:52:53 with gcc 4.7.2 *** THIS PROGRAM IS DEPRECATED *** This program is only provided for compatibility and will be removed in a future release. Please use avconv instead. Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'input.flv': Metadata: major_brand : mp42 minor_version : 0 compatible_brands: isommp42 creation_time : 2013-02-14 04:00:07 Duration: 00:00:18.85, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 3098 kb/s Stream #0.0(und): Video: h264 (High), yuv420p, 1280x720, 2905 kb/s, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 50 tbn, 50 tbc Metadata: creation_time : 1970-01-01 00:00:00 Stream #0.1(und): Audio: aac, 44100 Hz, stereo, s16, 192 kb/s Metadata: creation_time : 2013-02-14 04:00:07 [buffer @ 0x92a8ea0] w:1280 h:720 pixfmt:yuv420p [scale @ 0x9215100] w:1280 h:720 fmt:yuv420p -> w:320 h:240 fmt:rgb24 flags:0x4 Output #0, gif, to 'output.gif': Metadata: major_brand : mp42 minor_version : 0 compatible_brands: isommp42 creation_time : 2013-02-14 04:00:07 encoder : Lavf53.21.1 Stream #0.0(und): Video: rawvideo, rgb24, 320x240, q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 90k tbn, 10 tbc Metadata: creation_time : 1970-01-01 00:00:00 Stream mapping: Stream #0.0 -> #0.0 Press ctrl-c to stop encoding frame= 101 fps= 32 q=0.0 Lsize= 8686kB time=10.10 bitrate=7045.0kbits/s dup=0 drop=149 video:22725kB audio:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead -61.778676% Thanks.

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  • Are my iptables secure?

    - by Patricia
    I have this in my rc.local on my new Ubuntu server: iptables -F iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --sport 22 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 22 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 9418 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --sport 9418 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 5000 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Heroku iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --sport 5000 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Heroku iptables -A INPUT -p udp -s 74.207.242.5/32 --source-port 53 -d 0/0 --destination-port 1024:65535 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp -s 74.207.241.5/32 --source-port 53 -d 0/0 --destination-port 1024:65535 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 443 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --sport 443 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P FORWARD DROP 9418 is Git's port. 5000 is a port used to manage Heroku apps. And 74.207.242.5 and 74.207.241.5 are our DNS servers. Do you think that this is secure? Can you see any holes here? Update: Why is it important to block OUTPUT? This machine will be used only by me.

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  • Sendmail doesn't work with iptables, even though smtp and dns are allowed

    - by tom
    I have sendmail installed on Ubuntu 10.04 solely for the use of the php mail() function. This works fine unless iptables is running (I've been using sendmail [email protected] to test this). I think that I have allowed SMTP and DNS (the script I am using to test iptables rules is below, in my version are the actual IPs of my hosts nameservers), but to no avail! iptables --flush iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Postgres iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 5432 -j ACCEPT # Webmin iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 10000 -j ACCEPT # Ping iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-reply -j ACCEPT # sendmail iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 25 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 25 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # DNS iptables -A INPUT -p udp --sport 53 -s <nameserver1> -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp --sport 53 -s <nameserver2> -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 53 -s <nameserver1> -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 53 -s <nameserver2> -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -d <nameserver1> -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -d <nameserver2> -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 53 -d <nameserver1> -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 53 -d <nameserver2> -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -j DROP # Add loopback iptables -I INPUT 1 -i lo -j ACCEPT

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  • xrandr fails when 3rd monitor has higher resolution

    - by Pi3cH
    I tried many combinations with xrandr command under lubuntu 12.04 to setup my three monitors DVI (DELL 1) left detected as HDMI1 HDMI (LG E2290) middle detected as HDMI2 VGA (DELL 2) right detected as VGA1 I can get the display with fix 1280x1024 on all the monitors. But once I setup 1280x1024 + 1920x1080 + 1280x1024, I get blank screen on all the monitors. Sometimes it throws crts fail error instead of blanking out. Anyone have similar issues? any solutions/workarounds? P.S. I can setup two monitors using 1280x1280 and 1920x1080 P.S.S. HDMI2 required at least 1920x1080 to display sharp picture. Outputs (it seems graphic card supports up to 8192x8192): xrandr Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 3840 x 1024, maximum 8192 x 8192 VGA1 connected 1280x1024+2560+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 338mm x 270mm 1280x1024 60.0*+ 75.0 1152x864 75.0 1024x768 75.1 60.0 800x600 75.0 60.3 640x480 75.0 60.0 720x400 70.1 HDMI1 connected 1280x1024+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 376mm x 301mm 1280x1024 60.0*+ 75.0 1152x864 75.0 1024x768 75.1 60.0 800x600 75.0 60.3 640x480 75.0 60.0 720x400 70.1 HDMI2 connected 1280x1024+1280+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 477mm x 268mm 1920x1080 60.0 + 1680x1050 60.0 1280x1024 75.0 60.0* 1152x864 75.0 1024x768 75.1 60.0 800x600 75.0 60.3 640x480 75.0 60.0 720x400 70.1 DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) DP2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 3 CRTs (0,1 VGA, 0,1,2 for other HDMI) xrandr --verbose VGA1 connected 1280x1024+2560+0 (0x47) normal (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 338mm x 270mm Identifier: 0x42 Timestamp: 51324 Subpixel: unknown Gamma: 1.0:1.0:1.0 Brightness: 1.0 Clones: CRTC: 0 CRTCs: 0 1 ... HDMI1 connected 1280x1024+0+0 (0x47) normal (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 376mm x 301mm Identifier: 0x43 Timestamp: 51324 Subpixel: unknown Gamma: 1.0:1.0:1.0 Brightness: 1.0 Clones: CRTC: 1 CRTCs: 0 1 2 ... HDMI2 connected 1280x1024+1280+0 (0x47) normal (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 477mm x 268mm Identifier: 0x44 Timestamp: 51324 Subpixel: unknown Gamma: 1.0:1.0:1.0 Brightness: 1.0 Clones: CRTC: 2 CRTCs: 0 1 2 Below command fails: xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --output HDMI2 --auto --left-of VGA1 --output HDMI1 --auto --left-of HDMI2 Below command passes: xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --output HDMI2 --mode 1280x1024 --rate 60.0 --left-of VGA1 --output HDMI1 --auto --left-of HDMI2 Graphic card VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller (rev 09)

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  • Write stderror to a file using PowerShell

    - by Zian Choy
    How do I capture error messages from a PowerShell-launched command in a text file? I searched the Internet for a while and found that supposedly, I should be able to do something like cmd /c "big blob of text >C:\output.txt 2>c:\errors.txt" to direct the output to output.txt and the errors to errors.txt but when I try to run the command, I get the following error: cmd.exe : The filename, directory name, or volume label syntax is incorrect. At C:\Users\Zian\Desktop\Untitled1.ps1:27 char:4 + cmd <<<< /c $command + CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (The filename, d...x is incorrect.:String) [], RemoteException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : NativeCommandError Furthermore, if I try to run the command without everything starting at "2", then the command executes correctly and output.txt catches the right output. I looked at Redirect stderr to variable in powershell but it wasn't helpful because the answer to that question suggests capturing the entire output and filtering it in memory. In my case, I am backing up every database on a computer and since the databases won't fit in my laptop's RAM, I cannot use the question's solution. I also found tantalizing suggestions about using $err = @(command goes here) but with no information on what to do other than simply inserting that line of text. I tried to utilize the search function on Serverfault with the string "@()", but it did not return any results. What can I do to get the error messages into errors.txt?

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  • ffmpeg - creating DNxHD MFX files with alphas

    - by Hugh
    I'm struggling with something in FFMpeg at the moment... I'm trying to make DNxHD 1080p/24, 36Mb/s MXF files from a sequence of PNG files. My current command-line is: ffmpeg -y -f image2 -i /tmp/temp.%04d.png -s 1920x1080 -r 24 -vcodec dnxhd -f mxf -pix_fmt rgb32 -b 36Mb /tmp/temp.mxf To which ffmpeg gives me the output: Input #0, image2, from '/tmp/temp.%04d.png': Duration: 00:00:01.60, start: 0.000000, bitrate: N/A Stream #0.0: Video: png, rgb32, 1920x1080, 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc Output #0, mxf, to '/tmp/temp.mxf': Stream #0.0: Video: dnxhd, yuv422p, 1920x1080, q=2-31, 36000 kb/s, 90k tbn, 24 tbc Stream mapping: Stream #0.0 -> #0.0 [mxf @ 0x1005800]unsupported video frame rate Could not write header for output file #0 (incorrect codec parameters ?) There are a few things in here that concern me: The output stream is insisting on being yuv422p, which doesn't support alpha. 24fps is an unsupported video frame rate? I've tried 23.976 too, and get the same thing. I then tried the same thing, but writing to a quicktime (still DNxHD, though) with: ffmpeg -y -f image2 -i /tmp/temp.%04d.png -s 1920x1080 -r 24 -vcodec dnxhd -f mov -pix_fmt rgb32 -b 36Mb /tmp/temp.mov This gives me the output: Input #0, image2, from '/tmp/1274263259.28098.%04d.png': Duration: 00:00:01.60, start: 0.000000, bitrate: N/A Stream #0.0: Video: png, rgb32, 1920x1080, 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc Output #0, mov, to '/tmp/1274263259.28098.mov': Stream #0.0: Video: dnxhd, yuv422p, 1920x1080, q=2-31, 36000 kb/s, 90k tbn, 24 tbc Stream mapping: Stream #0.0 -> #0.0 Press [q] to stop encoding frame= 39 fps= 9 q=1.0 Lsize= 7177kB time=1.62 bitrate=36180.8kbits/s video:7176kB audio:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead 0.013636% Which obviously works, to a certain extent, but still has the issue of being yuv422p, and therefore losing the alpha. If I'm going to QuickTime, then I can get what I need using Shake, but my main aim here is to be able to generate .mxf files. Any thoughts? Thanks

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  • How to add an iptables rule with source IP address

    - by ???
    I have a bash script that starts with this: if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then echo "Permission denied (are you root?)." exit 1 elif [ $# -ne 1 ] then echo "Usage: install-nfs-server <client network/CIDR>" echo "$ bash install-nfs-server 192.168.1.1/24" exit 2 fi; I then try to add the iptables rules for NFS as follows: iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -s $1 --dport 111 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 111 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p udp -s $1 --dport 111 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p udp --sport 111 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT service iptables save service iptables restart I get the error: Try iptables -h' or 'iptables --help' for more information. Bad argument111' Try iptables -h' or 'iptables --help' for more information. Bad argument111' Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables: ^[[60G[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0;39m]^M Flushing firewall rules: ^[[60G[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0;39m]^M Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter ^[[60G[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0;39m]^M Unloading iptables modules: ^[[60G[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0;39m]^M Applying iptables firewall rules: ^[[60G[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0;39m]^M Loading additional iptables modules: ip_conntrack_netbios_ns ^[[60G[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0;39m]^M When I open /etc/sysconfig/iptables these are the rules: # Generated by iptables-save v1.3.5 on Mon Mar 26 08:00:42 2012 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [466:54208] :RH-Firewall-1-INPUT - [0:0] -A INPUT -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -A FORWARD -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --sport 111 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p udp -m udp --sport 111 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --sport 111 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p udp -m udp --sport 111 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p esp -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p ah -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -d 224.0.0.251 -p udp -m udp --dport 5353 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT # Completed on Mon Mar 26 08:00:42 2012 ~ "/etc/sysconfig/iptables" 32L, 1872C I've also tried: iptables -I RH-Firewall-1-INPUT 1 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --source $1 --dport 111 -j ACCEPT iptables -I RH-Firewall-1-INPUT 2 -m udp -p udp --source $1 --dport 111 -j ACCEPT

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  • iptables blocking ssh communication

    - by Michal Sapsa
    I'm using this script for iptables: #!/bin/sh echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -F iptables -X iptables -F -t nat iptables -X -t nat iptables -F -t filter iptables -X -t filter iptables -t filter -P FORWARD DROP iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -s 192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0 -d 0/0 -j ACCEPT iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -s 0/0 -d 192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0 -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.1/255.255.255.0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -A FORWARD -s 10.8.0.1/255.255.255.0 -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.0.0/24 -d 0/0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN -j TCPMSS --clamp-mss-to-pmtu iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p udp --dport 16161 -j DNAT --to 192.168.0.251:16161 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p udp --sport 16161 -j DNAT --to 192.168.0.251:16161 #openvpn iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT iptables -I INPUT -p udp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT I end up with some iptables rules that should work but don't work - probably because of me. # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.12 on Mon May 26 13:15:43 2014 *raw :PREROUTING ACCEPT [1657523:1357257330] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [36804:34834370] -A PREROUTING -p icmp -j TRACE -A PREROUTING -p tcp -j TRACE -A OUTPUT -p icmp -j TRACE -A OUTPUT -p tcp -j TRACE COMMIT # Completed on Mon May 26 13:15:43 2014 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.12 on Mon May 26 13:15:43 2014 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [5033:345623] :INPUT ACCEPT [154:34662] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [6:1968] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [2:120] -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 16161 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.0.251:22 -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 16161 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.0.251:22 -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -j MASQUERADE -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.0.0/24 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT # Completed on Mon May 26 13:15:44 2014 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.12 on Mon May 26 13:15:44 2014 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [548:69692] :FORWARD DROP [8:384] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [2120:1097479] -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN -j TCPMSS --clamp-mss-to-pmtu -A FORWARD -s 192.168.0.0/16 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -d 192.168.0.0/16 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -s 10.8.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT COMMIT TRACE at PREROUTEING AND OUTPUT are only for debuging this thing. When I ssh at public ip with port 16161 I don't get any message, only TimeOut so it looks like I don't get communication back to remote server. ETH0 is the world, ETH1 is LAN Any IPTABLES Masters willing to give a hand ? iptables -vL Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 20548 packets, 3198K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 38822 7014K ACCEPT udp -- any any anywhere anywhere udp dpt:openvpn 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:openvpn Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 1129 packets, 64390 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 214K 11M TCPMSS tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcpflags: SYN,RST/SYN TCPMSS clamp to PMTU 4565K 1090M ACCEPT all -- any any 192.168.0.0/16 anywhere 5916K 7315M ACCEPT all -- any any anywhere 192.168.0.0/16 0 0 ACCEPT all -- any any 10.8.0.0/24 anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere 192.168.0.251 tcp dpt:16161 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 59462 packets, 19M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination

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  • VPN pptp connection Unable to pass through linux iptables

    - by user221844
    I have set up a windows VPN server behind Linux - Ubuntu box that is working as firewall and proxy server. Now I want people from outside to be able to connect to the VPN server, but the connection is not being established and I get on the client an error 619. I have checked the problem on the internet and it seems a firewall issue. what should I do to make the connection established through the firewall? here is below the information about my setup Firewall-External-IF-IP: 172.16.1.100 Firewall-LAN-IF-IP: 192.168.1.1 VPN-Server-IP: 192.168.1.10 and below is my iptables file content: #Generated by iptables-save v1.4.12 on Thu May 29 12:40:18 2014 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [162000:140437619] :FORWARD ACCEPT [23282:27196133] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [185778:143961739] :LOGGING - [0:0] -A INPUT -p gre -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.10/32 -p tcp -m tcp --sport 1723 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.10/32 -p udp -m udp --sport 1723 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -s 192.168.1.0/24 -o EXT_IF -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -s 192.168.1.0/24 -i EXT_IF -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -d 192.168.1.10/32 -i EXT_IF -o INT_IF -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1723 -m state --state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -s 192.168.1.10/32 -i INT_IF -o EXT_IF -p tcp -m tcp --sport 1723 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -d 192.168.1.10/32 -i EXT_IF -o INT_IF -p gre -m state --state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -s 192.168.1.10/32 -i INT_IF -o EXT_IF -p gre -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -p gre -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -d 192.168.1.10/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1723 -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -d 192.168.1.10/32 -p udp -m udp --dport 1723 -j ACCEPT COMMIT # Completed on Thu May 29 12:40:18 2014 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.12 on Thu May 29 12:40:18 2014 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [17865:1053739] :INPUT ACCEPT [5490:357281] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [3723:223677] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [3726:223870] -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 3128 -A PREROUTING -d 172.16.1.100/32 -i EXT_IF -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1723 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.10 -A PREROUTING -d 172.16.1.100/32 -i EXT_IF -p gre -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.10 -A PREROUTING -i -h -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -o EXT_IF -j MASQUERADE COMMIT # Completed on Thu May 29 12:40:18 2014 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.12 on Thu May 29 12:40:18 2014 *mangle :PREROUTING ACCEPT [22695965:17811993005] :INPUT ACCEPT [13818180:11522330171] :PREROUTING ACCEPT [17865:1053739] :INPUT ACCEPT [5490:357281] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [3723:223677] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [3726:223870] -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 3128 -A PREROUTING -d 172.16.1.100/32 -i EXT_IF -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1723 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.10 -A PREROUTING -d 172.16.1.100/32 -i EXT_IF -p gre -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.10 -A PREROUTING -i -h -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -o EXT_IF -j MASQUERADE COMMIT # Completed on Thu May 29 12:40:18 2014 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.12 on Thu May 29 12:40:18 2014 *mangle :PREROUTING ACCEPT [22695965:17811993005] :INPUT ACCEPT [13818180:11522330171] :FORWARD ACCEPT [8527694:6271564562] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [14748508:11899678536] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [23271280:18170828012] COMMIT # Completed on Thu May 29 12:40:18 2014 hope that I find the solution here ....!! :(

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  • LXC container can only access host via bridge

    - by vitaut
    I have an LXC container with i686 Ubuntu 12.04 running on a x86_64 Ubuntu 12.04 host. I've set up a bridge using instructions here. However the ping from the container only goes through to the host and not to other machines on the local network. Similarly only the host and not the other machines see the container OS. The host's /etc/network/interfaces file looks as follows: auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet dhcp bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 0 bridge_maxwait 0 The container's /etc/network/interfaces file looks as follows: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp And here's the relevant part of the container's config: lxc.network.type=veth lxc.network.link=br0 lxc.network.flags=up Any ideas what I'm doing wrong? Additional info: The output of iptables-save on host: $ sudo iptables-save # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.12 on Sat Oct 26 06:06:48 2013 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [6854:721708] :FORWARD ACCEPT [4067:538895] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [4967:522405] COMMIT # Completed on Sat Oct 26 06:06:48 2013 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.12 on Sat Oct 26 06:06:48 2013 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [82235:21547307] :INPUT ACCEPT [16:1070] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [9386:583359] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [14693:1291952] -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.3.0/24 ! -d 10.0.3.0/24 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT # Completed on Sat Oct 26 06:06:48 2013 The output of brctl show on host: $ brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000.080027409684 no eth0 vethBkwWyV The output of ifconfig br0 on host: $ ifconfig br0 br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:40:96:84 inet addr:192.168.1.11 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe40:9684/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:232863 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:59518 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:34437354 (34.4 MB) TX bytes:198492871 (198.4 MB) The output of ifconfig eth0 on host: $ ifconfig eth0 eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:40:96:84 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe40:9684/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:299419 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:203569 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:59077446 (59.0 MB) TX bytes:372056540 (372.0 MB) The output of ifconfig eth0 on container: $ ifconfig eth0 eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:3e:74:08:2b inet addr:192.168.1.12 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe74:82b/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:81 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:113 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:8506 (8.5 KB) TX bytes:9021 (9.0 KB)

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  • How can I force all internet traffic over a PPTP VPN but still allow local lan access?

    - by user126715
    I have a server running Linux Mint 12 that I want to keep connected to a PPTP VPN all the time. The VPN server is pretty reliable, but it drops on occasion so I just want to make it so all internet activity is disabled if the VPN connection is broken. I'd also like to figure out a way to restart it automatically, but that's not as big of an issue since this happens pretty rarely. I also want to always be able to connect to the box from my lan, regardless of whether the VPN is up or not. Here's what my ifconfig looks like with the VPN connected properly: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:22:15:21:59:9a inet addr:192.168.0.171 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::222:15ff:fe21:599a/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:37389 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:29028 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:37781384 (37.7 MB) TX bytes:19281394 (19.2 MB) Interrupt:41 Base address:0x8000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:1446 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1446 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:472178 (472.1 KB) TX bytes:472178 (472.1 KB) tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:10.10.11.10 P-t-P:10.10.11.9 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:23 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:1368 (1.3 KB) TX bytes:1812 (1.8 KB) Here's an iptables script I found elsewhere that seemed to be for the problem I'm trying to solve, but it wound up blocking all access, but I'm not sure what I need to change: #!/bin/bash #Set variables IPT=/sbin/iptables VPN=`ifconfig|perl -nE'/dr:(\S+)/&&say$1'|grep 10.` LAN=192.168.0.0/24 #Flush rules $IPT -F $IPT -X #Default policies and define chains $IPT -P OUTPUT DROP $IPT -P INPUT DROP $IPT -P FORWARD DROP #Allow input from LAN and tun0 ONLY $IPT -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -i tun0 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -s $LAN -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -j DROP #Allow output from lo and tun0 ONLY $IPT -A OUTPUT -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -o tun0 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -d $VPN -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -j DROP exit 0 Thanks for your help.

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  • how to change a button into a imagebutton in asp.net c#

    - by sweetsecret
    How to change the button into image button... the button in the beginning has "Pick a date" when clicked a calender pops out and the when a date is selected a label at the bottom reading the date comes in and the text on the button changes to disabled... i want to palce a imagebutton having a image icon of the calender and rest of the function will be the same.... the code as follows: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Text; using System.Web; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; [assembly: TagPrefix("DatePicker", "EWS")] namespace EclipseWebSolutions.DatePicker { [DefaultProperty("Text")] [ToolboxData("<{0}:DatePicker runat=server")] [DefaultEvent("SelectionChanged")] [ValidationProperty("TextValue")] public class DatePicker : WebControl, INamingContainer { #region Properties public TextBox txtDate = new TextBox(); public Calendar calDate = new Calendar(); public Button btnDate = new Button(); public Panel pnlCalendar = new Panel(); private enum ViewStateConstants { ValidationGroup, RegularExpression, ErrorMessage, RegExText, CalendarPosition, FormatString, ExpandLabel, CollapseLabel, ApplyDefaultStyle, CausesValidation, } /// <summary> /// Defines the available display modes of this calendar. /// </summary> public enum CalendarDisplay { DisplayRight, DisplayBelow } /// <summary> /// Where to display the popup calendar. /// </summary> [Category("Behaviour")] [Localizable(true)] public CalendarDisplay CalendarPosition { get { if (ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CalendarPosition.ToString()] == null) { ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CalendarPosition.ToString()] = CalendarDisplay.DisplayRight; } return (CalendarDisplay)ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CalendarPosition.ToString()]; } set { ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CalendarPosition.ToString()] = value; } } /// <summary> /// Text version of the control's value, for use by ASP.NET validators. /// </summary> public string TextValue { get { return txtDate.Text; } } /// <summary> /// Holds the current date value of this control. /// </summary> [Category("Behaviour")] [Localizable(true)] [Bindable(true, BindingDirection.TwoWay)] public DateTime DateValue { get { try { if (txtDate.Text == "") return DateTime.MinValue; DateTime val = DateTime.Parse(txtDate.Text); return val; } catch (ArgumentNullException) { return DateTime.MinValue; } catch (FormatException) { return DateTime.MinValue; } } set { if (value == DateTime.MinValue) { txtDate.Text = ""; } else { txtDate.Text = value.ToShortDateString(); } } } [Category("Behavior"), Themeable(false), DefaultValue("")] public virtual string ValidationGroup { get { if (ViewState[ViewStateConstants.ValidationGroup.ToString()] == null) { return string.Empty; } else { return (string)ViewState[ViewStateConstants.ValidationGroup.ToString()]; } } set { ViewState[ViewStateConstants.ValidationGroup.ToString()] = value; } } /// <summary> /// The label of the exand button. Shown when the calendar is hidden. /// </summary> [Bindable(true)] [Category("Appearance")] [DefaultValue("PickDate")] [Localizable(true)] public string ExpandButtonLabel { get { String s = (String)ViewState[ViewStateConstants.ExpandLabel.ToString()]; return ((s == null) ? "PickDate" : s); } set { ViewState[ViewStateConstants.ExpandLabel.ToString()] = value; } } /// <summary> /// The label of the collapse button. Shown when the calendar is visible. /// </summary> [Bindable(true)] [Category("Appearance")] [DefaultValue("Disabled")] [Localizable(true)] public string CollapseButtonLabel { get { String s = (String)ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CollapseLabel.ToString()]; return ((s == null) ? "Disabled" : s); } set { ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CollapseLabel.ToString()] = value; } } /// <summary> /// Whether to apply the default style. Disable this if you want to apply a custom style, or to use themes and skins /// to style the control. /// </summary> [Category("Appearance")] [DefaultValue(true)] [Localizable(true)] public bool ApplyDefaultStyle { get { if (ViewState[ViewStateConstants.ApplyDefaultStyle.ToString()] == null) { ViewState[ViewStateConstants.ApplyDefaultStyle.ToString()] = true; } return (bool)ViewState[ViewStateConstants.ApplyDefaultStyle.ToString()]; } set { ViewState[ViewStateConstants.ApplyDefaultStyle.ToString()] = value; } } /// <summary> /// Causes Validation /// </summary> [Category("Appearance")] [DefaultValue(false)] [Localizable(false)] public bool CausesValidation { get { if (ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CausesValidation.ToString()] == null) { ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CausesValidation.ToString()] = false; } return (bool)ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CausesValidation.ToString()]; } set { ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CausesValidation.ToString()] = value; btnDate.CausesValidation = value; } } #endregion #region Events /// <summary> /// A day was selected from the calendar control. /// </summary> public event EventHandler SelectionChanged; protected virtual void OnSelectionChanged() { if (SelectionChanged != null) // only raise the event if someone is listening. { SelectionChanged(this, EventArgs.Empty); } } #endregion #region Event Handlers /// <summary> /// The +/- button was clicked. /// </summary> protected void btnDate_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { if (!calDate.Visible) { // expand the calendar calDate.Visible = true; txtDate.Enabled = false; btnDate.Text = CollapseButtonLabel; if (DateValue != DateTime.MinValue) { calDate.SelectedDate = DateValue; calDate.VisibleDate = DateValue; } } else { // collapse the calendar calDate.Visible = false; txtDate.Enabled = true; btnDate.Text = ExpandButtonLabel; } } /// <summary> /// A date was selected from the calendar. /// </summary> protected void calDate_SelectionChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { calDate.Visible = false; txtDate.Visible = true; btnDate.Text = ExpandButtonLabel; txtDate.Enabled = true; txtDate.Text = calDate.SelectedDate.ToShortDateString(); OnSelectionChanged(); } #endregion /// <summary> /// Builds the contents of this control. /// </summary> protected override void CreateChildControls() { btnDate.Text = ExpandButtonLabel; btnDate.CausesValidation = CausesValidation; txtDate.ID = "txtDate"; calDate.Visible = false; if (ApplyDefaultStyle) { calDate.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.White; calDate.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(10066329); calDate.CellPadding = 2; calDate.DayNameFormat = DayNameFormat.Shortest; calDate.Font.Name = "Verdana"; calDate.Font.Size = FontUnit.Parse("8pt"); calDate.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black; calDate.Height = new Unit(150, UnitType.Pixel); calDate.Width = new Unit(180, UnitType.Pixel); calDate.DayHeaderStyle.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(228, 228, 228); calDate.DayHeaderStyle.Font.Size = FontUnit.Parse("7pt"); calDate.TitleStyle.Font.Bold = true; calDate.WeekendDayStyle.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 204); } ConnectEventHandlers(); pnlCalendar.Controls.Add(calDate); pnlCalendar.Style["position"] = "absolute"; pnlCalendar.Style["filter"] = "alpha(opacity=95)"; pnlCalendar.Style["-moz-opacity"] = ".95"; pnlCalendar.Style["opacity"] = ".95"; pnlCalendar.Style["z-index"] = "2"; pnlCalendar.Style["background-color"] = "White"; if (CalendarPosition == CalendarDisplay.DisplayBelow) { pnlCalendar.Style["margin-top"] = "27px"; } else { pnlCalendar.Style["display"] = "inline"; } Controls.Add(txtDate); Controls.Add(pnlCalendar); Controls.Add(btnDate); base.CreateChildControls(); } /// <summary> /// Render the contents of this control. /// </summary> /// <param name="output">The HtmlTextWriter to use.</param> protected override void RenderContents(HtmlTextWriter output) { switch (CalendarPosition) { case CalendarDisplay.DisplayRight: { txtDate.RenderControl(output); btnDate.RenderControl(output); pnlCalendar.RenderControl(output); break; } case CalendarDisplay.DisplayBelow: { pnlCalendar.RenderControl(output); txtDate.RenderControl(output); btnDate.RenderControl(output); break; } } } /// <summary> /// Connect event handlers to events. /// </summary> private void ConnectEventHandlers() { btnDate.Click += new System.EventHandler(btnDate_Click); calDate.SelectionChanged += new System.EventHandler(calDate_SelectionChanged); } } } using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Text; using System.Web; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; [assembly: TagPrefix("DatePicker", "EWS")] namespace EclipseWebSolutions.DatePicker { [DefaultProperty("Text")] [ToolboxData("<{0}:DatePicker runat=server")] [DefaultEvent("SelectionChanged")] [ValidationProperty("TextValue")] public class DatePicker : WebControl, INamingContainer { #region Properties public TextBox txtDate = new TextBox(); public Calendar calDate = new Calendar(); public Button btnDate = new Button(); public Panel pnlCalendar = new Panel(); private enum ViewStateConstants { ValidationGroup, RegularExpression, ErrorMessage, RegExText, CalendarPosition, FormatString, ExpandLabel, CollapseLabel, ApplyDefaultStyle, CausesValidation, } /// <summary> /// Defines the available display modes of this calendar. /// </summary> public enum CalendarDisplay { DisplayRight, DisplayBelow } /// <summary> /// Where to display the popup calendar. /// </summary> [Category("Behaviour")] [Localizable(true)] public CalendarDisplay CalendarPosition { get { if (ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CalendarPosition.ToString()] == null) { ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CalendarPosition.ToString()] = CalendarDisplay.DisplayRight; } return (CalendarDisplay)ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CalendarPosition.ToString()]; } set { ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CalendarPosition.ToString()] = value; } } /// <summary> /// Text version of the control's value, for use by ASP.NET validators. /// </summary> public string TextValue { get { return txtDate.Text; } } /// <summary> /// Holds the current date value of this control. /// </summary> [Category("Behaviour")] [Localizable(true)] [Bindable(true, BindingDirection.TwoWay)] public DateTime DateValue { get { try { if (txtDate.Text == "") return DateTime.MinValue; DateTime val = DateTime.Parse(txtDate.Text); return val; } catch (ArgumentNullException) { return DateTime.MinValue; } catch (FormatException) { return DateTime.MinValue; } } set { if (value == DateTime.MinValue) { txtDate.Text = ""; } else { txtDate.Text = value.ToShortDateString(); } } } [Category("Behavior"), Themeable(false), DefaultValue("")] public virtual string ValidationGroup { get { if (ViewState[ViewStateConstants.ValidationGroup.ToString()] == null) { return string.Empty; } else { return (string)ViewState[ViewStateConstants.ValidationGroup.ToString()]; } } set { ViewState[ViewStateConstants.ValidationGroup.ToString()] = value; } } /// <summary> /// The label of the exand button. Shown when the calendar is hidden. /// </summary> [Bindable(true)] [Category("Appearance")] [DefaultValue("PickDate")] [Localizable(true)] public string ExpandButtonLabel { get { String s = (String)ViewState[ViewStateConstants.ExpandLabel.ToString()]; return ((s == null) ? "PickDate" : s); } set { ViewState[ViewStateConstants.ExpandLabel.ToString()] = value; } } /// <summary> /// The label of the collapse button. Shown when the calendar is visible. /// </summary> [Bindable(true)] [Category("Appearance")] [DefaultValue("Disabled")] [Localizable(true)] public string CollapseButtonLabel { get { String s = (String)ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CollapseLabel.ToString()]; return ((s == null) ? "Disabled" : s); } set { ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CollapseLabel.ToString()] = value; } } /// <summary> /// Whether to apply the default style. Disable this if you want to apply a custom style, or to use themes and skins /// to style the control. /// </summary> [Category("Appearance")] [DefaultValue(true)] [Localizable(true)] public bool ApplyDefaultStyle { get { if (ViewState[ViewStateConstants.ApplyDefaultStyle.ToString()] == null) { ViewState[ViewStateConstants.ApplyDefaultStyle.ToString()] = true; } return (bool)ViewState[ViewStateConstants.ApplyDefaultStyle.ToString()]; } set { ViewState[ViewStateConstants.ApplyDefaultStyle.ToString()] = value; } } /// <summary> /// Causes Validation /// </summary> [Category("Appearance")] [DefaultValue(false)] [Localizable(false)] public bool CausesValidation { get { if (ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CausesValidation.ToString()] == null) { ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CausesValidation.ToString()] = false; } return (bool)ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CausesValidation.ToString()]; } set { ViewState[ViewStateConstants.CausesValidation.ToString()] = value; btnDate.CausesValidation = value; } } #endregion #region Events /// <summary> /// A day was selected from the calendar control. /// </summary> public event EventHandler SelectionChanged; protected virtual void OnSelectionChanged() { if (SelectionChanged != null) // only raise the event if someone is listening. { SelectionChanged(this, EventArgs.Empty); } } #endregion #region Event Handlers /// <summary> /// The +/- button was clicked. /// </summary> protected void btnDate_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { if (!calDate.Visible) { // expand the calendar calDate.Visible = true; txtDate.Enabled = false; btnDate.Text = CollapseButtonLabel; if (DateValue != DateTime.MinValue) { calDate.SelectedDate = DateValue; calDate.VisibleDate = DateValue; } } else { // collapse the calendar calDate.Visible = false; txtDate.Enabled = true; btnDate.Text = ExpandButtonLabel; } } /// <summary> /// A date was selected from the calendar. /// </summary> protected void calDate_SelectionChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { calDate.Visible = false; txtDate.Visible = true; btnDate.Text = ExpandButtonLabel; txtDate.Enabled = true; txtDate.Text = calDate.SelectedDate.ToShortDateString(); OnSelectionChanged(); } #endregion /// <summary> /// Builds the contents of this control. /// </summary> protected override void CreateChildControls() { btnDate.Text = ExpandButtonLabel; btnDate.CausesValidation = CausesValidation; txtDate.ID = "txtDate"; calDate.Visible = false; if (ApplyDefaultStyle) { calDate.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.White; calDate.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(10066329); calDate.CellPadding = 2; calDate.DayNameFormat = DayNameFormat.Shortest; calDate.Font.Name = "Verdana"; calDate.Font.Size = FontUnit.Parse("8pt"); calDate.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black; calDate.Height = new Unit(150, UnitType.Pixel); calDate.Width = new Unit(180, UnitType.Pixel); calDate.DayHeaderStyle.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(228, 228, 228); calDate.DayHeaderStyle.Font.Size = FontUnit.Parse("7pt"); calDate.TitleStyle.Font.Bold = true; calDate.WeekendDayStyle.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 204); } ConnectEventHandlers(); pnlCalendar.Controls.Add(calDate); pnlCalendar.Style["position"] = "absolute"; pnlCalendar.Style["filter"] = "alpha(opacity=95)"; pnlCalendar.Style["-moz-opacity"] = ".95"; pnlCalendar.Style["opacity"] = ".95"; pnlCalendar.Style["z-index"] = "2"; pnlCalendar.Style["background-color"] = "White"; if (CalendarPosition == CalendarDisplay.DisplayBelow) { pnlCalendar.Style["margin-top"] = "27px"; } else { pnlCalendar.Style["display"] = "inline"; } Controls.Add(txtDate); Controls.Add(pnlCalendar); Controls.Add(btnDate); base.CreateChildControls(); } /// <summary> /// Render the contents of this control. /// </summary> /// <param name="output">The HtmlTextWriter to use.</param> protected override void RenderContents(HtmlTextWriter output) { switch (CalendarPosition) { case CalendarDisplay.DisplayRight: { txtDate.RenderControl(output); btnDate.RenderControl(output); pnlCalendar.RenderControl(output); break; } case CalendarDisplay.DisplayBelow: { pnlCalendar.RenderControl(output); txtDate.RenderControl(output); btnDate.RenderControl(output); break; } } } /// <summary> /// Connect event handlers to events. /// </summary> private void ConnectEventHandlers() { btnDate.Click += new System.EventHandler(btnDate_Click); calDate.SelectionChanged += new System.EventHandler(calDate_SelectionChanged); } } } <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" % <%@ Register Assembly="EclipseWebSolutions.DatePicker" Namespace="EclipseWebSolutions.DatePicker" TagPrefix="ews" % Untitled Page       using System; using System.Data; using System.Configuration; using System.Web; using System.Web.Security; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts; using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls; public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected void DatePicker1_SelectionChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { Label1.Text = DatePicker1.DateValue.ToShortDateString(); pnlLabel.Update(); } }

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  • Solving embarassingly parallel problems using Python multiprocessing

    - by gotgenes
    How does one use multiprocessing to tackle embarrassingly parallel problems? Embarassingly parallel problems typically consist of three basic parts: Read input data (from a file, database, tcp connection, etc.). Run calculations on the input data, where each calculation is independent of any other calculation. Write results of calculations (to a file, database, tcp connection, etc.). We can parallelize the program in two dimensions: Part 2 can run on multiple cores, since each calculation is independent; order of processing doesn't matter. Each part can run independently. Part 1 can place data on an input queue, part 2 can pull data off the input queue and put results onto an output queue, and part 3 can pull results off the output queue and write them out. This seems a most basic pattern in concurrent programming, but I am still lost in trying to solve it, so let's write a canonical example to illustrate how this is done using multiprocessing. Here is the example problem: Given a CSV file with rows of integers as input, compute their sums. Separate the problem into three parts, which can all run in parallel: Process the input file into raw data (lists/iterables of integers) Calculate the sums of the data, in parallel Output the sums Below is traditional, single-process bound Python program which solves these three tasks: #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # basicsums.py """A program that reads integer values from a CSV file and writes out their sums to another CSV file. """ import csv import optparse import sys def make_cli_parser(): """Make the command line interface parser.""" usage = "\n\n".join(["python %prog INPUT_CSV OUTPUT_CSV", __doc__, """ ARGUMENTS: INPUT_CSV: an input CSV file with rows of numbers OUTPUT_CSV: an output file that will contain the sums\ """]) cli_parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage) return cli_parser def parse_input_csv(csvfile): """Parses the input CSV and yields tuples with the index of the row as the first element, and the integers of the row as the second element. The index is zero-index based. :Parameters: - `csvfile`: a `csv.reader` instance """ for i, row in enumerate(csvfile): row = [int(entry) for entry in row] yield i, row def sum_rows(rows): """Yields a tuple with the index of each input list of integers as the first element, and the sum of the list of integers as the second element. The index is zero-index based. :Parameters: - `rows`: an iterable of tuples, with the index of the original row as the first element, and a list of integers as the second element """ for i, row in rows: yield i, sum(row) def write_results(csvfile, results): """Writes a series of results to an outfile, where the first column is the index of the original row of data, and the second column is the result of the calculation. The index is zero-index based. :Parameters: - `csvfile`: a `csv.writer` instance to which to write results - `results`: an iterable of tuples, with the index (zero-based) of the original row as the first element, and the calculated result from that row as the second element """ for result_row in results: csvfile.writerow(result_row) def main(argv): cli_parser = make_cli_parser() opts, args = cli_parser.parse_args(argv) if len(args) != 2: cli_parser.error("Please provide an input file and output file.") infile = open(args[0]) in_csvfile = csv.reader(infile) outfile = open(args[1], 'w') out_csvfile = csv.writer(outfile) # gets an iterable of rows that's not yet evaluated input_rows = parse_input_csv(in_csvfile) # sends the rows iterable to sum_rows() for results iterable, but # still not evaluated result_rows = sum_rows(input_rows) # finally evaluation takes place as a chain in write_results() write_results(out_csvfile, result_rows) infile.close() outfile.close() if __name__ == '__main__': main(sys.argv[1:]) Let's take this program and rewrite it to use multiprocessing to parallelize the three parts outlined above. Below is a skeleton of this new, parallelized program, that needs to be fleshed out to address the parts in the comments: #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # multiproc_sums.py """A program that reads integer values from a CSV file and writes out their sums to another CSV file, using multiple processes if desired. """ import csv import multiprocessing import optparse import sys NUM_PROCS = multiprocessing.cpu_count() def make_cli_parser(): """Make the command line interface parser.""" usage = "\n\n".join(["python %prog INPUT_CSV OUTPUT_CSV", __doc__, """ ARGUMENTS: INPUT_CSV: an input CSV file with rows of numbers OUTPUT_CSV: an output file that will contain the sums\ """]) cli_parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage) cli_parser.add_option('-n', '--numprocs', type='int', default=NUM_PROCS, help="Number of processes to launch [DEFAULT: %default]") return cli_parser def main(argv): cli_parser = make_cli_parser() opts, args = cli_parser.parse_args(argv) if len(args) != 2: cli_parser.error("Please provide an input file and output file.") infile = open(args[0]) in_csvfile = csv.reader(infile) outfile = open(args[1], 'w') out_csvfile = csv.writer(outfile) # Parse the input file and add the parsed data to a queue for # processing, possibly chunking to decrease communication between # processes. # Process the parsed data as soon as any (chunks) appear on the # queue, using as many processes as allotted by the user # (opts.numprocs); place results on a queue for output. # # Terminate processes when the parser stops putting data in the # input queue. # Write the results to disk as soon as they appear on the output # queue. # Ensure all child processes have terminated. # Clean up files. infile.close() outfile.close() if __name__ == '__main__': main(sys.argv[1:]) These pieces of code, as well as another piece of code that can generate example CSV files for testing purposes, can be found on github. I would appreciate any insight here as to how you concurrency gurus would approach this problem. Here are some questions I had when thinking about this problem. Bonus points for addressing any/all: Should I have child processes for reading in the data and placing it into the queue, or can the main process do this without blocking until all input is read? Likewise, should I have a child process for writing the results out from the processed queue, or can the main process do this without having to wait for all the results? Should I use a processes pool for the sum operations? If yes, what method do I call on the pool to get it to start processing the results coming into the input queue, without blocking the input and output processes, too? apply_async()? map_async()? imap()? imap_unordered()? Suppose we didn't need to siphon off the input and output queues as data entered them, but could wait until all input was parsed and all results were calculated (e.g., because we know all the input and output will fit in system memory). Should we change the algorithm in any way (e.g., not run any processes concurrently with I/O)?

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