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  • Rejigging a floating point equation ...

    - by Jamie
    I'd like to know if there is a way to improve the accuracy of calculating a slope. (This came up a few months back here). It seems by changing: float get_slope(float dXa, float dXb, float dYa, float dYb) { return (dXa - dXb)/(dYa - dYb); } to float get_slope(float dXa, float dXb, float dYa, float dYb) { return dXa/(dYa - dYb) - dXb/(dYa - dYb); } might be an improvement. Suggestions? Edit: It's precision I'm after, not efficiency.

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  • O'Reilly book clarification on 2d linear system

    - by Eric
    The Oreilly book "Learning openCV" states at page 356 : Quote Before we get totally lost, let’s consider a particular realistic situation of taking measurements on a car driving in a parking lot. We might imagine that the state of the car could be summarized by two position variables, x and y, and two velocities, vx and vy. These four variables would be the elements of the state vector xk. Th is suggests that the correct form for F is: x = [ x; y; vx; vy; ]k F = [ 1, 0, dt, 0; 0, 1, 0, dt; 0, 0, 1, 0; 0, 0, 0, 1; ] It seems natural to put 'dt' just there in the F matrix but I just don't get why. What if I have a n states system, how would I spray some "dt" in the F matrix?

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  • Where can I find BLAS example code (in Fortran)?

    - by Feynman
    I have been searching for decent documentation on blas, and I have found some 315 pages of dense material that ctrl-f does not work on. It provides all the information regarding what input arguments the routines take, but there are a LOT of input arguments and I could really use some example code. I am unable to locate any. I know there has to be some or no one would be able to use these libraries! Specifically, I use ATLAS installed via macports on a mac osx 10.5.8 and I use gfortran from gcc 4.4 (also installed via macports). I am coding in Fortran 90. I am still quite new to Fortran, but I have a fair amount of experience with mathematica, matlab, perl, and shell scripting. I would like to be able to initialize and multiply a dense complex vector by a dense symmetric (but not hermitian) complex matrix. The elements of the matrix are defined through a mathematical function of the indices--call it f(i,j). Could anyone provide some code or a link to some code?

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  • What is this Design Pattern?

    - by Can't Tell
    I read the Wikipedia articles on FactoryMethod and AbstractFactory but the following code doesn't seem to fit anywhere. Can someone explain to me what the following pattern is or if it is an anti-pattern? interace PaymentGateway{ void makePayment(); } class PaypalPaymentGateway implements PaymentGateway { public void makePayment() { //some implementation } } class AuthorizeNetPaymentGateway implements PaymentGateway { public void makePayment() { //some implementation } } class PaymentGatewayFacotry{ PaymentGateway createPaymentGateway(int gatewayId) { if(gatewayId == 1) return PaypalPaymentGateway(); else if(gatewayId == 2) return AuthorizeNetPaymentGateway(); } } Let's say the user selects the payment method using a radio button on an html page and the gatewayId is derived from the radio button value. I have seen code like this and thought it was the AbstractFactory pattern but after reading the Wikipedia article, I'm having doubts.

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  • Permutations distinct under given symmetry (Mathematica 8 group theory)

    - by Yaroslav Bulatov
    Given a list of integers like {2,1,1,0} I'd like to list all permutations of that list that are not equivalent under given group. For instance, using symmetry of the square, the result would be {{2, 1, 1, 0}, {2, 1, 0, 1}}. Approach below (Mathematica 8) generates all permutations, then weeds out the equivalent ones. I can't use it because I can't afford to generate all permutations, is there a more efficient way? Update: actually, the bottleneck is in DeleteCases. The following list {2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0} has about a million permutations and takes 0.1 seconds to compute. Apparently there are supposed to be 1292 orderings after removing symmetries, but my approach doesn't finish in 10 minutes removeEquivalent[{}] := {}; removeEquivalent[list_] := ( Sow[First[list]]; equivalents = Permute[First[list], #] & /@ GroupElements[group]; DeleteCases[list, Alternatives @@ equivalents] ); nonequivalentPermutations[list_] := ( reaped = Reap@FixedPoint[removeEquivalent, Permutations@list]; reaped[[2, 1]] ); group = DihedralGroup[4]; nonequivalentPermutations[{2, 1, 1, 0}]

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  • Solving linear system over integers with numpy

    - by A. R. S.
    I'm trying to solve an overdetermined linear system of equations with numpy. Currently, I'm doing something like this (as a simple example): a = np.array([[1,0], [0,1], [-1,1]]) b = np.array([1,1,0]) print np.linalg.lstsq(a,b)[0] [ 1. 1.] This works, but uses floats. Is there any way to solve the system over integers only? I've tried something along the lines of print map(int, np.linalg.lstsq(a,b)[0]) [0, 1] in order to convert the solution to an array of ints, expecting [1, 1], but clearly I'm missing something. Could anyone point me in the right direction?

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  • Triangulation & Direct linear transform

    - by srand
    Following Hartley/Zisserman's Multiview Geometery, Algorithm 12: The optimal triangulation method (p318), I got the corresponding image points xhat1 and xhat2 (step 10). In step 11, one needs to compute the 3D point Xhat. One such method is Direct Linear Transform (DLT), mentioned in 12.2 (p312) and 4.1 (p88). The homogenous method (DLT), p312-313, states that it finds a solution as the unit singular vector corresponding to the smallest singular value of A, thus, A = [xhat1(1) * P1(3,:)' - P1(1,:)' ; xhat1(2) * P1(3,:)' - P1(2,:)' ; xhat2(1) * P2(3,:)' - P2(1,:)' ; xhat2(2) * P2(3,:)' - P2(2,:)' ]; [Ua Ea Va] = svd(A); Xhat = Va(:,end); plot3(Xhat(1),Xhat(2),Xhat(3), 'r.'); However, A is a 16x1 matrix, resulting in a Va that is 1x1. What am I doing wrong (and a fix) in getting the 3D point? For what its worth sample data: xhat1 = 1.0e+009 * 4.9973 -0.2024 0.0027 xhat2 = 1.0e+011 * 2.0729 2.6624 0.0098 P1 = 699.6674 0 392.1170 0 0 701.6136 304.0275 0 0 0 1.0000 0 P2 = 1.0e+003 * -0.7845 0.0508 -0.1592 1.8619 -0.1379 0.7338 0.1649 0.6825 -0.0006 0.0001 0.0008 0.0010 A = <- my computation 1.0e+011 * -0.0000 0 0.0500 0 0 -0.0000 -0.0020 0 -1.3369 0.2563 1.5634 2.0729 -1.7170 0.3292 2.0079 2.6624

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  • prolog sets problem, stack overflow

    - by garm0nboz1a
    Hi. I'm gonna show some code and ask, what could be optimized and where am I sucked? sublist([], []). sublist([H | Tail1], [H | Tail2]) :- sublist(Tail1, Tail2). sublist(H, [_ | Tail]) :- sublist(H, Tail). less(X, X, _). less(X, Z, RelationList) :- member([X,Z], RelationList). less(X, Z, RelationList) :- member([X,Y], RelationList), less(Y, Z, RelationList), \+less(Z, X, RelationList). lessList(X, LessList, RelationList) :- findall(Y, less(X, Y, RelationList), List), list_to_set(List, L), sort(L, LessList), !. list_mltpl(List1, List2, List) :- findall(X, ( member(X, List1), member(X, List2)), List). chain([_], _). chain([H,T | Tail], RelationList) :- less(H, T, RelationList), chain([T|Tail], RelationList), !. have_inf(X1, X2, RelationList) :- lessList(X1, X1_cone, RelationList), lessList(X2, X2_cone, RelationList), list_mltpl(X1_cone, X2_cone, Cone), chain(Cone, RelationList), !. relations(List, E) :- findall([X1,X2], (member(X1, E), member(X2, E), X1 =\= X2), Relations), sublist(List, Relations). semilattice(List, E) :- forall( (member(X1, E), member(X2, E), X1 < X2), have_inf(X1, X2, List) ). main(E) :- relations(X, E), semilattice(X, E). I'm trying to model all possible graph sets of N elements. Predicate relations(List, E) connects list of possible graphs(List) and input set E. Then I'm describing semilattice predicate to check relations' List for some properties. So, what I have. 1) semilattice/2 is working fast and clear ?- semilattice([[1,3],[2,4],[3,5],[4,5]],[1,2,3,4,5]). true. ?- semilattice([[1,3],[1,4],[2,3],[2,4],[3,5],[4,5]],[1,2,3,4,5]). false. 2) relations/2 is working not well ?- findall(X, relations(X,[1,2,3,4]), List), length(List, Len), writeln(Len),fail. 4096 false. ?- findall(X, relations(X,[1,2,3,4,5]), List), length(List, Len), writeln(Len),fail. ERROR: Out of global stack ^ Exception: (11) setup_call_catcher_cleanup('$bags':'$new_findall_bag'(17852886), '$bags':fa_loop(_G263, user:relations(_G263, [1, 2, 3, 4|...]), 17852886, _G268, []), _G835, '$bags':'$destroy_findall_bag'(17852886)) ? abort % Execution Aborted 3) Mix of them to finding all possible semilattice does not work at all. ?- main([1,2]). ERROR: Out of local stack ^ Exception: (15) setup_call_catcher_cleanup('$bags':'$new_findall_bag'(17852886), '$bags':fa_loop(_G41, user:less(1, _G41, [[1, 2], [2, 1]]), 17852886, _G52, []), _G4767764, '$bags':'$destroy_findall_bag'(17852886)) ?

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  • What's safe to assume about the NSMutableArray / NSArray class cluster?

    - by andyvn22
    I know you shouldn't use this to decide whether or not to change an array: if ([possiblyMutable isKindOfClass:[NSMutableArray class]]) But say I'm writing a method and need to return either an NSMutableArray or an NSArray, depending on the mutability of possiblyMutable. The class using my method already knows whether or not it's acceptable to change the returned array. Whether or not it's acceptable to change the returned array directly correlates with whether or not it's acceptable to change possiblyMutable. In that specific case, is this code safe? It seems to me that if it's not acceptable to change the array, but we accidentally get a mutable array, it's ok, because the class using my method won't try to change it. And if it is acceptable to change the array, then we will always get possiblyMutable as an NSMutableArray (though this is the part I'm not entirely clear on). So... safe or not? Alternatives?

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  • Outer product using CBLAS

    - by The Dude
    I am having trouble utilizing CBLAS to perform an Outer Product. My code is as follows: //===SET UP===// double x1[] = {1,2,3,4}; double x2[] = {1,2,3}; int dx1 = 4; int dx2 = 3; double X[dx1 * dx2]; for (int i = 0; i < (dx1*dx2); i++) {X[i] = 0.0;} //===DO THE OUTER PRODUCT===// cblas_dgemm(CblasRowMajor, CblasNoTrans, CblasTrans, dx1, dx2, 1, 1.0, x1, dx1, x2, 1, 0.0, X, dx1); //===PRINT THE RESULTS===// printf("\nMatrix X (%d x %d) = x1 (*) x2 is:\n", dx1, dx2); for (i=0; i<4; i++) { for (j=0; j<3; j++) { printf ("%lf ", X[j+i*3]); } printf ("\n"); } I get: Matrix X (4 x 3) = x1 (*) x2 is: 1.000000 2.000000 3.000000 0.000000 -1.000000 -2.000000 -3.000000 0.000000 7.000000 14.000000 21.000000 0.000000 But the correct answer is found here: https://www.sharcnet.ca/help/index.php/BLAS_and_CBLAS_Usage_and_Examples I have seen: Efficient computation of kronecker products in C But, it doesn't help me because they don't actually say how to utilize dgemm to actually do this... Any help? What am I doing wrong here?

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  • Nested/Sub data types in haskell

    - by Tom Carstens
    So what would be nice is if you could do something like the following (not necessarily with this format, just the general idea): data Minor = MinorA | MinorB data Major = Minor | MajorB isMinor :: Major -> Bool isMinor Minor = True isMinor _ = False So isMinor MinorA would report True (instead of an error.) At the moment you might do something like: data Major = MinorA | MinorB | MajorB isMinor :: Major -> Bool isMinor MinorA = True isMinor MinorB = True isMinor _ = False It's not terrible or anything, but it doesn't expand nicely (as in if Minor when up to MinorZ this would be terribly clunky). To avoid that problem you can wrap Minor: data Minor = MinorA | MinorB data Major = MajorA Minor | MajorB isMinor :: Major -> Bool isMinor (MajorA _) = True isMinor _ = False But now you have to make sure to wrap your Minors to use them as a Major... again not terrible; just doesn't really express the semantics I'd like very well (i.e. Major can be any Minor or MajorB). The first (legal) example is "Major can be MinorA..." but doesn't have any knowledge of Minor and the second is "Major can be MajorA that takes a Minor..." p.s. No, this isn't really about anything concrete.

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  • Can the Abstract Factory pattern be considered as a case of polymorphism?

    - by rogcg
    I was looking for a pattern/solution that allows me call a method as a runtime exception in a group of different methods without using Reflection. I've recently become aware of the Abstract Factory Pattern. To me, it looks so much like polymorphism, and I thought it could be a case of polymorphism but without the super class WidgetFactory, as you can see in the example of the link above. Am I correct in this assumption?

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  • What is the abstract name for Drive, Directory and file?

    - by Omkar panhalkar
    I want to give nice name to my function while returns drive, directory and file. Can you please suggest a good abstract name for this trio? This is the function. static IEnumerable<string> GetDriveDirectoriesAndFile(string path) { if (path.Contains('/')) { path = path.Replace('/', '\\'); } if (path.Contains('\\')) { return path.Split('\\'); } return null; } Thanks, Omkar

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  • How to call base abstract or interface from DAL into BLL?

    - by programmerist
    How can i access abstract class in BLL ? i shouldn't see GenAccessor in BLL it must be private class GenAccessor . i should access Save method over _AccessorForSQL. ok? MY BLL cs: public class AccessorForSQL: GenoTip.DAL._AccessorForSQL { public bool Save(string Name, string SurName, string Adress) { ListDictionary ld = new ListDictionary(); ld.Add("@Name", Name); ld.Add("@SurName", SurName); ld.Add("@Adress", Adress); return **base.Save("sp_InsertCustomers", ld, CommandType.StoredProcedure);** } } i can not access base.Save....???????? it is my DAL Layer: namespace GenoTip.DAL { public abstract class _AccessorForSQL { public abstract bool Save(string sp, ListDictionary ld, CommandType cmdType); public abstract bool Update(); public abstract bool Delete(); public abstract DataSet Select(); } private class GenAccessor : _AccessorForSQL { DataSet ds; DataTable dt; public override bool Save(string sp, ListDictionary ld, CommandType cmdType) { SqlConnection con = null; SqlCommand cmd = null; SqlDataReader dr = null; try { con = GetConnection(); cmd = new SqlCommand(sp, con); con.Open(); cmd.CommandType = cmdType; foreach (string ky in ld.Keys) { cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue(ky, ld[ky]); } dr = cmd.ExecuteReader(); ds = new DataSet(); dt = new DataTable(); ds.Tables.Add(dt); ds.Load(dr, LoadOption.OverwriteChanges, dt); } catch (Exception exp) { HttpContext.Current.Trace.Warn("Error in GetCustomerByID()", exp.Message, exp); } finally { if (dr != null) dr.Close(); if (con != null) con.Close(); } return (ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count 0) ? true : false; } public override bool Update() { return true; } public override bool Delete() { return true; } public override DataSet Select() { DataSet dst = new DataSet(); return dst; } private static SqlConnection GetConnection() { string connStr = WebConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnectionString"].ConnectionString; SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connStr); return conn; }

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  • Enterprise Library--Validator.cs How Abstract Class having definition??

    - by Soham
    Consider this piece of code: public abstract class Validator { protected Validator() { } protected abstract void ValidateCore(object instance, string value, IList<ValidationResult> results); public void Validate(object instance, string value, IList<ValidationResult> results) { if (null == instance) throw new ArgumentNullException("instance"); if (null == results) throw new ArgumentNullException("results"); ValidateCore(instance, value, results); } } TAKE a look at Validate() overload, how can an abstract class have definitions like this?

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  • c# class design - what can I use instead of "static abstract"?

    - by Ryan
    I want to do the following public abstract class MyAbstractClass { public static abstract int MagicId { get; } public static void DoSomeMagic() { // Need to get the MagicId value defined in the concrete implementation } } public class MyConcreteClass : MyAbstractClass { public static override int MagicId { get { return 123; } } } However I can't because you can't have static abstract members. I understand why I can't do this - any recommendations for a design that will achieve much the same result? (For clarity - what I am trying to do is provide a library with an abstract base class but the concrete versions MUST implement a few properties/methods themselves and yes, there are good reasons for keeping it static.)

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  • Delphi 2010 - Why can't I declare an abstract method with a generic type parameter?

    - by James
    I am trying to do the following in Delphi 2010: TDataConverter = class abstract public function Convert<T>(const AData: T): string; virtual; abstract; end; However, I keep getting the following compiler error: E2533 Virtual, dynamic and message methods cannot have type parameters I don't quite understand the reason why I can't do this. I can do this in C# e.g. public abstract class DataConverter { public abstract string Convert<T>(T data); } Anyone know the reasoning behind this?

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  • In the Enterprise Library, how does the abstract Validator.cs have a method definition?

    - by Soham
    Consider this piece of code: public abstract class Validator { protected Validator() { } protected abstract void ValidateCore(object instance, string value, IList<ValidationResult> results); public void Validate(object instance, string value, IList<ValidationResult> results) { if (null == instance) throw new ArgumentNullException("instance"); if (null == results) throw new ArgumentNullException("results"); ValidateCore(instance, value, results); } } Look at the Validate() overload, how can an abstract class have definitions like this?

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