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  • Django's post_save signal behaves weirdly with models using multi-table inheritance

    - by hekevintran
    Django's post_save signal behaves weirdly with models using multi-table inheritance I am noticing an odd behavior in the way Django's post_save signal works when using a model that has multi-table inheritance. I have these two models: class Animal(models.Model): category = models.CharField(max_length=20) class Dog(Animal): color = models.CharField(max_length=10) I have a post save callback called echo_category: def echo_category(sender, **kwargs): print "category: '%s'" % kwargs['instance'].category post_save.connect(echo_category, sender=Dog) I have this fixture: [ { "pk": 1, "model": "animal.animal", "fields": { "category": "omnivore" } }, { "pk": 1, "model": "animal.dog", "fields": { "color": "brown" } } ] In every part of the program except for in the post_save callback the following is true: from animal.models import Dog Dog.objects.get(pk=1).category == u'omnivore' # True When I run syncdb and the fixture is installed, the echo_category function is run. The output from syncdb is: $ python manage.py syncdb --noinput Installing json fixture 'initial_data' from '~/my_proj/animal/fixtures'. category: '' Installed 2 object(s) from 1 fixture(s) The weird thing here is that the dog object's category attribute is an empty string. Why is it not 'omnivore' like it is everywhere else? As a temporary (hopefully) workaround I reload the object from the database in the post_save callback: def echo_category(sender, **kwargs): instance = kwargs['instance'] instance = sender.objects.get(pk=instance.pk) print "category: '%s'" % instance.category post_save.connect(echo_category, sender=Dog) This works but it is not something I like because I must remember to do it when the model inherits from another model and it must hit the database again. The other weird thing is that I must do instance.pk to get the primary key. The normal 'id' attribute does not work (I cannot use instance.id). I do not know why this is. Maybe this is related to the reason why the category attribute is not doing the right thing?

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  • Design pattern to use instead of multiple inheritance

    - by mizipzor
    Coming from a C++ background, Im used to multiple inheritance. I like the feeling of a shotgun squarely aimed at my foot. Nowadays, I work more in C# and Java, where you can only inherit one baseclass but implement any number of interfaces (did I get the terminology right?). For example, lets consider two classes that implement a common interface but different (yet required) baseclasses: public class TypeA : CustomButtonUserControl, IMagician { public void DoMagic() { // ... } } public class TypeB : CustomTextUserControl, IMagician { public void DoMagic() { // ... } } Both classes are UserControls so I cant substitute the base class. Both needs to implement the DoMagic function. My problem now is that both implementations of the function are identical. And I hate copy-and-paste code. The (possible) solutions: I naturally want TypeA and TypeB to share a common baseclass, where I can write that identical function definition just once. However, due to having the limit of just one baseclass, I cant find a place along the hierarchy where it fits. One could also try to implement a sort of composite pattern. Putting the DoMagic function in a separate helper class, but the function here needs (and modifies) quite a lot of internal variables/fields. Sending them all as (reference) parameters would just look bad. My gut tells me that the adapter pattern could have a place here, some class to convert between the two when necessery. But it also feels hacky. I tagged this with language-agnostic since it applies to all languages that use this one-baseclass-many-interfaces approach. Also, please point out if I seem to have misunderstood any of the patterns I named. In C++ I would just make a class with the private fields, that function implementation and put it in the inheritance list. Whats the proper approach in C#/Java and the like?

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  • Problem with 2 levels of inheritance in hibernate mapping

    - by Seth
    Here's my class structure: class A class B extends A class C extends A class D extends C class E extends C And here are my mappings (class bodies omitted for brevity): Class A: @Entity @Inheritance(strategy=InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE) @MappedSuperclass @DiscriminatorColumn( name="className", discriminatorType=DiscriminatorType.STRING ) @ForceDiscriminator public abstract class A Class B: @Entity @DiscriminatorValue("B") public class B extends A Class C: @Entity @DiscriminatorValue("C") @MappedSuperclass @DiscriminatorColumn( name="cType", discriminatorType=DiscriminatorType.STRING ) @ForceDiscriminator public abstract class C extends A Class D: @Entity @DiscriminatorValue("D") public class D extends C Class E: @Entity @DiscriminatorValue("E") public class E extends C I've got a class F that contains a set of A: @Entity public class F { ... @OneToMany(fetch=FetchType.LAZY, cascade=CascadeType.ALL) @JoinTable( name="F_A", joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name="A_ID"), inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name="F_ID") ) private Set<A> aSet = new HashSet<A>(); ... The problem is that whenever I add a new E instance to aSet and then call session.saveOrUpdate(fInstance), hibernate saves with "A" as the discrimiator string. When I try to access the aSet in the F instance, I get the following exception (full stacktrace ommitted for brevity): org.hibernate.InstantiationException: Cannot instantiate abstract class or interface: path.to.class.A Am I mapping the classes incorrectly? How am I supposed to map multiple levels of inheritance? Thanks for the help!

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  • Map inheritance from generic class in Linq To SQL

    - by Ksenia Mukhortova
    Hi everyone, I'm trying to map my inheritance hierarchy to DB using Linq to SQL: Inheritance is like this, classes are POCO, without any LINQ to SQL attributes: public interface IStage { ... } public abstract class SimpleStage<T> : IStage where T : Process { ... } public class ConcreteStage : SimpleStage<ConcreteProcess> { ... } Here is the mapping: <Database Name="NNN" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/linqtosql/mapping/2007"> <Table Name="dbo.Stage" Member="Stage"> <Type Name="BusinessLogic.Domain.IStage"> <Column Name="ID" Member="ID" DbType="Int NOT NULL IDENTITY" IsPrimaryKey="true" IsDbGenerated="true" AutoSync="OnInsert" /> <Column Name="StageType" Member="StageType" IsDiscriminator="true" /> <Type Name="BusinessLogic.Domain.SimpleStage" IsInheritanceDefault="true"> <Type Name="BusinessLogic.Domain.ConcreteStage" IsInheritanceDefault="true" InheritanceCode="1"/> </Type> </Type> </Table> </Database> In the runtime I get error: System.InvalidOperationException was unhandled Message="Mapping Problem: Cannot find runtime type for type mapping 'BusinessLogic.Domain.SimpleStage'." Neither specifying SimpleStage, nor SimpleStage<T> in mapping file helps - runtime keeps producing different types of errors. DC is created like this: StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(@"MappingFile.map"); XmlMappingSource mapping = XmlMappingSource.FromStream(sr.BaseStream); DataContext dc = new DataContext(@"connection string", mapping); If Linq to SQL doesn't support this, could you, please, advise some other ORM, which does. Thanks in advance, Regards! Ksenia

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  • Which one of the following is NOT a pitfall of inheritance?

    - by Difficult PEOPLE
    Which one of the following is NOT a pitfall of inheritance? Base-derive classes should be totally separate and do not have an is-a relationship. Base-derive classes should have been aggregate classes instead. Inheritance may be inverted, example: Truck<-Vehicle should be Vehicle<-Truck. Incompatible class hierarchies may be connected because of multiple inheritance. Aggregation should have been used instead. Functionality is transferred from a base class to a derived one. In my opinion, NOT a pitfall of inheritance meas can use inheritance. 1 seems do without inheritance 2 aggregate substitute Base-derive I don't know So, I think 5 is the answer.

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  • Disadvantage of OOP?

    - by Bragaadeesh
    Typically i dont want to know the specifics of the cons of OOPs, but it felt kind of weird when I had an argument at an interview I attended recently. The question that was posted to me was to tell me one disadvantage of OOP (Object Oriented Programming). At that time, I felt OOP to be the most matured level of programming after the procedural/functional models. So I replied to him that I dont see any negatives at all. But the interviewer said there are few and I asked him to list one if he does not mind. He gave an example that I cant digest well, he said that OOP pattern does not strictly implement inheritance rules and cited the satellite/rocket example where the body parts will disintegrate periodically to remove weight during rocket launch and said that inheritance does not support this. His example kind of felt very weird to me the reason being the application of inheritance to this example. Then I left the example aside and I had this doubt - Can we unplug class hierarchies in such a manner (I am kind of confident in Java its not possible) in an ideal Object Oriented Design?

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  • Multiple Inheritence with same Base Classes in Python

    - by Jordan Reiter
    I'm trying to wrap my head around multiple inheritance in python. Suppose I have the following base class: class Structure(object): def build(self, *args): print "I am building a structure!" self.components = args And let's say I have two classes that inherit from it: class House(Structure): def build(self, *args): print "I am building a house!" super(House, self).build(*args) class School(Structure): def build(self, type="Elementary", *args): print "I am building a school!" super(School, self).build(*args) Finally, a create a class that uses multiple inheritance: class SchoolHouse(School, House): def build(self, *args): print "I am building a schoolhouse!" super(School, self).build(*args) Then, I create a SchoolHouse object and run build on it: >>> sh = SchoolHouse() >>> sh.build("roof", "walls") I am building a schoolhouse! I am building a house! I am building a structure! So I'm wondering -- what happened to the School class? Is there any way to get Python to run both somehow? I'm wondering specifically because there are a fair number of Django packages out there that provide custom Managers for models. But there doesn't appear to be a way to combine them without writing one or the other of the Managers as inheriting from the other one. It'd be nice to just import both and use both somehow, but looks like it can't be done? Also I guess it'd just help to be pointed to a good primer on multiple inheritance in Python. I have done some work with Mixins before and really enjoy using them. I guess I just wonder if there is any elegant way to combine functionality from two different classes when they inherit from the same base class.

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  • Inheritance - Could not initialize proxy - no Session.

    - by Ninu
    hello....i'm newbie developer.... i really need help at now... i just get started with Nhibernate thing at .Net... when i learn Inheritance and try it...it makes me confusing...why i get error like this : Initializing[AP.Core.Domain.AccountPayable.APInvoice#API03/04/2010/001]-Could not initialize proxy - no Session. this is my xml : <class xmlns="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2" mutable="true" name="AP.Core.Domain.AccountPayable.APAdjustment, AP.Core, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" table="APAdjustment"> <id name="AdjustmentNumber" type="System.String, mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"> <column name="AdjustmentNumber" length="17" /> <generator class="assigned" /> </id> <property name="Amount" type="System.Decimal, mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"> <column name="Amount" /> </property> <property name="TransactionDate" type="System.DateTime, mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"> <column name="TransactionDate" /> </property> <many-to-one class="AP.Core.Domain.AccountPayable.APInvoice, AP.Core, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" lazy="proxy" name="PurchaseInvoice"> <column name="PurchaseInvoice_id" not-null="true" /> </many-to-one> <joined-subclass name="AP.Core.Domain.AccountPayable.APCreditAdjustment, AP.Core, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" lazy="true" table="APCreditAdjustment"> <key> <column name="APAdjustment_id" /> </key> </joined-subclass> </class> </hibernate-mapping> and this is inheritance Class : Parent Class -- public class APAdjustment { #region :FIELD private string adjustmentNumber; private decimal amount; private DateTime transactionDate; private APInvoice purchaseInvoice; Child Class -- public class APCreditAdjustment : APAdjustment { public APCreditAdjustment(){ and this my Data access : public IList<APAdjustment> GetByNameAll() { ICriteria criteria = Nhibernatesession.CreateCriteria(typeof(APAdjustment)); return criteria.List<APAdjustment>() ; } My Problem is : when i load data with gridview ...it works...but i change the property to autogenerate="true" ...i missing "PurchaseInvoice" field...and i change to bind manually,and it works..when i edit that gridview ...i get this error... Initializing[AP.Core.Domain.AccountPayable.APInvoice#API03/04/2010/001]-Could not initialize proxy - no Session so then i change my xml ...lazy="no-proxy" ...it still work...but when edit again ...i get error again ..and i do "Comment out the selected lines" to my association "Many-to-one"...i really works it..but that's not i want... CAN ANYBODY HELP ME...??Plizz...:( Note : I almost forget it ,i use fluent hibernate to generate to database.From fluent Hibernate ..i put *.xml file ...so i'm work to xml NHibernate...not fluent hibernate thing...:)

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  • A question about John Resig's Simple Javascript Inheritance.

    - by Zippo
    I'm using this simple code: http://ejohn.org/blog/simple-javascript-inheritance/ Using this "library", I made this simple class: var Person = Class.extend({ init: function(openningSentence) { this.say(openningSentence); }, say: function(words) { alert(words); } }); The problem with this class, is that I can't call a function using the variable "this" (line 3 in the code gives an error: unknown method "say"). Does anybody knoes if there's a solution for this problem? Btw - I'm using jquery, so if there's a jquery-based solution It'll be great :)

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  • Iterator not accessible because of private inheritance

    - by Bo Tian
    I've created a new class that composes std::deque by private inheritance, i.e, class B : private std::deque<A> { ... }; and in my source code I tried to use iterator of B, i.e., B::iterator it The compiler error is error C2247: 'std::deque<_Ty>::iterator' not accessible because 'B' uses 'private' to inherit from 'std::deque<_Ty>' So the question is, how can I make the iterator accessible?

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  • Simulating inheritance with WF 4.0

    - by pablocastilla
    Hello everyone, I would like to achieve the following: all the workflows created should have the same structure (validation, execution, save results), and all the developers should implement those three stages (maybe leaving it empty). Similar to inheritance with abstract methods. Any ideas?

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  • Question on jpa joined table inheritance

    - by soontobeared
    Hi, The 'DiscriminatorColumn' annotation isn't creating any column in my parent entity. Where am I going wrong ? Here's my code @Entity @Inheritance(strategy=InheritanceType.JOINED) @DiscriminatorColumn(name="TYPE", discriminatorType=DiscriminatorType.STRING,length=20) public class WorkUnit extends BaseEntityClass implements Serializable{ @Entity @DiscriminatorValue(value="G") @Table(name="Group_") @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn public class Group extends WorkUnit implements Serializable{

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  • Windows ACL inheritance issues for FTP server and automated tools

    - by Martin Sall
    I have set up Cerberus FTP server. By default, Cerberus FTP service runs under SYSTEM ACCOUNT. Also I have some console applications which run as scheduled tasks. They are running under a dedicated "Utilities" user account which has "Log on as batch job" permissions. These console applications take uploaded FTP files, process them and then move them to some dedicated archive folder. The problem is that my console apps are throwing Security exceptions when trying to acces the uploaded files. I tried to give the Full control permissions on the ftproot folder for my "Utilities" account and I have checked that "Replace all Child object permissions with inheritable permissions from this object" checkbox, but it affects only current files. When new files are uploaded, they again are not accessible by my "Utilities" account. I tried to go another way and put Cerberus FTP service under "Utilities" account. Then I also needed to give "Utilities" account permissions on Cerberus Data folder in ProgramData. Still no luck - after this operation, Cerberus internal SOAP web service stopped working (although everything else seems to work). I need that SOAP service to be available, so running the Cerberus FTP under "Utilities" account seems to be not an option. Unless I find out, what else do I need to set up for that "Utilities" account to stop Cerberus from complaining. I guess, Cerberus is uploading files to some temporary folder and so those files get the permissions form that folder and keep the same permissions even after moved to the ftproot. What would be the right solution for this which would grant Cerberus FTP server and the "Utilities" account minimal needed permissions to access the contents of the ftproot folder?

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  • Sharepoint 2007 reset permission inheritance

    - by e-mre
    I have this SharePoint 2007 document library which has several levels of folders and files. Some folders in the middle of the hierarchy do not inherit permissions from their parents and have their unique permissions defined. It is a huge library and there are many folders like this. I am currently changing the permission model of my library and I want to reset all those unique permissions and have all of them inherit permissions from the library root. (Something like "Replace child object permissions" checkbox available in windows files system security window) If this is not possible, seeing a list of folders that have their unique permissions defined would also do.

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  • Puppet inheritance of parametrized classes

    - by paweloque
    I have a situation in puppet where I want to inherit from a parametrized class: class base ($basepath) { ... } class extends_base ($ext_param) inherits base { ... } Now trying to instantiate the extends_base class I get the following error message: Must pass basepath to Class[Base] However, I don't see a way how to pass the basepath parameter to the Base class.. I tried to pass the param in the Class[Extends_base] definition, puppet doesn't like this either.

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  • multiple-inheritance substitution

    - by Luigi
    I want to write a module (framework specific), that would wrap and extend Facebook PHP-sdk (https://github.com/facebook/php-sdk/). My problem is - how to organize classes, in a nice way. So getting into details - Facebook PHP-sdk consists of two classes: BaseFacebook - abstract class with all the stuff sdk does Facebook - extends BaseFacebook, and implements parent abstract persistance-related methods with default session usage Now I have some functionality to add: Facebook class substitution, integrated with framework session class shorthand methods, that run api calls, I use mostly (through BaseFacebook::api()), authorization methods, so i don't have to rewrite this logic every time, configuration, sucked up from framework classes, insted of passed as params caching, integrated with framework cache module I know something has gone very wrong, because I have too much inheritance that doesn't look very normal.Wrapping everything in one "complex extension" class also seems too much. I think I should have few working togheter classes - but i get into problems like: if cache class doesn't really extend and override BaseFacebook::api() method - shorthand and authentication classes won't be able to use the caching. Maybe some kind of a pattern would be right in here? How would you organize these classes and their dependencies? EDIT 04.07.2012 Bits of code, related to the topic: This is how the base class of Facebook PHP-sdk: abstract class BaseFacebook { // ... some methods public function api(/* polymorphic */) { // ... method, that makes api calls } public function getUser() { // ... tries to get user id from session } // ... other methods abstract protected function setPersistentData($key, $value); abstract protected function getPersistentData($key, $default = false); // ... few more abstract methods } Normaly Facebook class extends it, and impelements those abstract methods. I replaced it with my substitude - Facebook_Session class: class Facebook_Session extends BaseFacebook { protected function setPersistentData($key, $value) { // ... method body } protected function getPersistentData($key, $default = false) { // ... method body } // ... implementation of other abstract functions from BaseFacebook } Ok, then I extend this more with shorthand methods and configuration variables: class Facebook_Custom extends Facebook_Session { public funtion __construct() { // ... call parent's constructor with parameters from framework config } public function api_batch() { // ... a wrapper for parent's api() method return $this->api('/?batch=' . json_encode($calls), 'POST'); } public function redirect_to_auth_dialog() { // method body } // ... more methods like this, for common queries / authorization } I'm not sure, if this isn't too much for a single class ( authorization / shorthand methods / configuration). Then there comes another extending layer - cache: class Facebook_Cache extends Facebook_Custom { public function api() { $cache_file_identifier = $this->getUser(); if(/* cache_file_identifier is not null and found a valid file with cached query result */) { // return the result } else { try { // call Facebook_Custom::api, cache and return the result } catch(FacebookApiException $e) { // if Access Token is expired force refreshing it parent::redirect_to_auth_dialog(); } } } // .. some other stuff related to caching } Now this pretty much works. New instance of Facebook_Cache gives me all the functionality. Shorthand methods from Facebook_Custom use caching, because Facebook_Cache overwrited api() method. But here is what is bothering me: I think it's too much inheritance. It's all very tight coupled - like look how i had to specify 'Facebook_Custom::api' instead of 'parent:api', to avoid api() method loop on Facebook_Cache class extending. Overall mess and ugliness. So again, this works but I'm just asking about patterns / ways of doing this in a cleaner and smarter way.

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  • Mutable class as a child of an immutable class

    - by deamon
    I want to have immutable Java objects like this (strongly simplyfied): class Immutable { protected String name; public Immutable(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { return name; } } In some cases the object should not only be readable but mutable, so I could add mutability through inheritance: public class Mutable extends Immutable { public Mutable(String name) { super(name); } public void setName(String name) { super.name = name; } } While this is technically fine, I wonder if it conforms with OOP and inheritance that mutable is also of type immutable. I want to avoid the OOP crime to throw UnsupportedOperationException for immutable object, like the Java collections API does. What do you think? Any other ideas?

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  • IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() and IEnumerable<T>.GetEnumerator()

    - by Dylan Lin
    Hi, In the .net framework, there's a generic IEnumerable<T> interface which inherits from the not-generic IEnumerable, and they both have a GetEnumerator() method. The only differents between these two GetEnumerator() is the return type. Now I have a similar design, but when I compile the code, the compiler said: MyInterface<T>.GetItem()' hides inherited member 'MyInterface.GetItem()'. Use the new keyword if hiding was intended. The MyInterface<T>.GetItem() returns a concrete type T, while MyInterface.GetItem() returns type System.Object. So I think if the BCL team guys compile the .net framework, they will get the same warning. I think having compiler warnings is not good, what do you think? And how can I solve this problem? I mean I want to get the concrete type T when calling the MyInterface<T>.GetItem() not just a instance of type System.Object. Thanks in advance! :-)

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  • How to structure a Genetic Algorithm class hierarchy?

    - by MahlerFive
    I'm doing some work with Genetic Algorithms and want to write my own GA classes. Since a GA can have different ways of doing selection, mutation, cross-over, generating an initial population, calculating fitness, and terminating the algorithm, I need a way to plug in different combinations of these. My initial approach was to have an abstract class that had all of these methods defined as pure virtual, and any concrete class would have to implement them. If I want to try out two GAs that are the same but with different cross-over methods for example, I would have to make an abstract class that inherits from GeneticAlgorithm and implements all the methods except the cross-over method, then two concrete classes that inherit from this class and only implement the cross-over method. The downside to this is that every time I want to swap out a method or two to try out something new I have to make one or more new classes. Is there another approach that might apply better to this problem?

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  • JPA Cascade delete.

    - by Win Man
    Hi, I am new to JPA/Hibernate. Currently using EJB3, Hibernate/JPA. I have an inheritacnce structure as follows.. @Entity @DiscriminatorColumn(name = "form_type") @Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.JOINED) @GenericGenerator(name = "FORMS_SEQ", strategy = "sequence-identity", parameters = @Parameter(name = "sequence", value = "FORMS_SEQ")) @Table(name = "Forms") public abstract class Form{ //code for Form } @Entity @Table(name = "CREDIT_CARDS") @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn(name="CREDIT_CARD_ID") public class CreditCardForm extends Form { //Code for CreditCards. } When I add a row with save the rows are properly inserted into the parent and the child table. However when I try to delete I get an error - 10:19:35,465 ERROR [TxPolicy] javax.ejb.EJBTransactionRolledbackException: Removing a detached instance com.data.entities.form.financial.CreditCard#159? I am using a simple for loop to determine the inheritance type - CreditCard or DebitCard and then calling entityManager.remove(entity). What am I doing wrong? Code for delete.. for(Form content: contents){ if(content.getType()==Type.CREDIT_CARD){ creditCardService.delete((CreditCard)content); } Thanks. WM

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  • Parse tree and grammars information

    - by fuzzylogikk
    Do anyone know where to find good online resources with examples how to make grammars and parsetrees? Preferebly introductary materials. Info that is n00b friendly, haven't found anything good with google myself. edit: I'm thinking about theory, not a specific parser software.

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