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  • How to set Grub to automatically load Xen kernel

    - by Cerin
    How do you configure Grub to automatically use the Xen kernel under Ubuntu 11.10? No matter what I do, it loads the first menuentry. The only way I can get it to load Xen is to manually select the kernel, which I can't do if I have to reboot the server remotely, or there's a power failure and the machine automatically boots up when power's restored, etc. It's driving me nuts. In my /boot/grub/grub.cfg, the Xen kernel is at index 4 (i.e. it's the 5th menuentry). So I've tried: Setting GRUB_DEFAULT=4, and running sudo update-grub Setting GRUB_DEFAULT=saved and GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true, and running sudo update-grub Setting GRUB_DEFAULT="Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.0.0-16-server", and running sudo update-grub None of these work. It continues to load the first menuentry, which is "Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-16-server". Below is my current /boot/grub/grub.cfg. What am I doing wrong? # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.0.0-16-server" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus } insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=2 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-16-server' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-16-server root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-16-server } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-16-server (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod gzio insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-16-server ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-16-server root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-16-server } submenu "Previous Linux versions" { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-12-server' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-server root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-server } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-12-server (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod gzio insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-12-server ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-server root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-server } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### submenu "Xen 4.1-amd64" { menuentry 'Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.0.0-16-server' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --class xen { insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac echo 'Loading Xen 4.1-amd64 ...' multiboot /boot/xen-4.1-amd64.gz placeholder echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-16-server ...' module /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-16-server placeholder root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' module /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-16-server } menuentry 'Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.0.0-16-server (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --class xen { insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac echo 'Loading Xen 4.1-amd64 ...' multiboot /boot/xen-4.1-amd64.gz placeholder echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-16-server ...' module /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-16-server placeholder root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' module /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-16-server } menuentry 'Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.0.0-12-server' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --class xen { insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac echo 'Loading Xen 4.1-amd64 ...' multiboot /boot/xen-4.1-amd64.gz placeholder echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-12-server ...' module /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-server placeholder root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' module /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-server } menuentry 'Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.0.0-12-server (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --class xen { insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac echo 'Loading Xen 4.1-amd64 ...' multiboot /boot/xen-4.1-amd64.gz placeholder echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-12-server ...' module /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-server placeholder root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' module /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-server } } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

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  • Digital Due Process

    Coalition urges updates to Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) to reflect web 2.0 world Electronic Communications Privacy Act - Privacy - Security - Google - ECPA

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  • Why won't my Western Digital My Book Home 500GB drive mount on my Macbook Pro via Firewire?

    - by Ryan O
    I can connect the drive via USB and it mounts correctly. However, when I connect via FireWire, the drive powers down. The drive realizes that it is plugged in. When I plug in via FireWire, the lights on the front of the drive flash the same as when it it mounting via USB, but then the drive powers down. I've upgraded the firmware on the drive, but it still won't mount via FireWire.

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  • no sudo permissions to /etc/hostname

    - by Pagis
    When I try to edit my /etc/hostname file, using sudo nano /etc/hostname (or any other editor) I get the following: Error writing /etc/hostname: Permission denied I then tried: sudo chmod u+w ./hostname And got the error: chmod: changing permissions of `./hostname': Operation not permitted I get the same error trying to add write permissions to any use or group. This is what ls shows: -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22 2012-06-18 12:25 /etc/hostname Any idea why and what can I do about it? I'm running Ubuntu 11.10.

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  • import mini DV films from Samsung digital cam VP-D353 [USB]

    - by bobo
    I tried to import mini DV films from my old video camera VP-D353 and it's not reconised by my lubuntu.( 12.04 ) I tried "DVGRAB" which should work but it doesn't. I Found this tutorial http://www.foscode.com/linux-minidv-usb-video-capture/ But it's just saying "waiting for dv" I don't really know what should I do now. Here what I've got for the camera when I write : sudo lsub Bus 002 Device 013: ID 04e8:120f Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd thanks

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  • How to change root password for mysql and phpmyadmin

    - by Jon
    I've set up mysql and phpmyadmin and chose not to set a password when installing hoping that once set up i could login with root and no password but i get the following error from phpmyadmin Login without a password is forbidden by configuration (see AllowNoPassword) I have previously moved the phpmyadmin folder to /var/www/ I have tried changing the following line $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowNoPassword'] = false; to $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowNoPassword'] = true; but still had no success, so i am wondering is there a way i can change the root passwords for both so i can access phpmyadmin and create databases. Thanks

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  • Digital HD Transition

    - by Bill Evjen
    The HD Experience Roughly 53% of the viewing public has HD capable devices in their home 24% think they are watching HD while they have no subscription to any HD content Today’s HD Considerations Choices abound: format resolution – 720p, 1080i/p frame rates compression and wrapping audio compression and delivery metadata packaging, delivery, and usage content delivery protocols Metadata is going to be a part of the overall experience With emerging technologies: Super Hi-Vision (SHV, UHDTV 4320p), 3D HEVC/H.265, WEBM/VP8 HDBaseT, P2PTV Dolby Pulse/HE-AAC Industry standardization Metadata registration, packaging, and delivery standards Improved picture and sound quality is a logical next step but we need to also think about the end to end viewing experience including; 3D video and audio content Mixed-mode viewing to bring interactive and immersive experiences Content Transportability both on-to and off-of the aircraft High Definition Standardization Analog switch off around the world DTV transition completed: 17 countries DTV transition in progress: 45 countries The EU has mandated the end of 2012 as the final date for Analog Switch Off D-Cinema was standardized by SMPTE in 2006 Airlines are installing HD displays today Passengers are bringing their own devices now HD TV on airlines are getting bigger and bigger – bigger than SD was – now up to 23” Gray scale data input for color – 6 to 8 bit Contrast – 400 to 700 Backlit – LED Encryption – can it be the same for HD? PPV in the cabin?

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  • Western Digital HDD now freezes my BIOS when loading the video card!

    - by Vercas
    After I have successively and successfully installed 3 Windows XP's on the same partition (Don't ask why...), I restarted my computer again and the BIOS just froze when it loaded the video card. Together with my uncle, we tracked down the problem and found out it's the HDD's fault. We tried booting without the HDD and it worked! (No other HDD (I have only one) but with a Ubuntu Live CD in.) We tried the HDD with a different data bus (It was from an identical computer) but that one didn't let my BIOS recognize the HDD. We also put the HDD in another computer as the second HDD and it DID recognize it but Windows XP kept saying it cannot install a driver and that it installed successfully. Happily, I have managed to backup some of my most important files in that other computer. The following is a list of tests that we have run. With the HDD Original data bus Original computer Result: BIOS freezes WITHOUT the HDD Original data bus Original computer Result: Everything works just fine! With the HDD ANOTHER data bus Original computer Result: Cannot see the HDD With the HDD Original data bus ANOTHER computer Result: It worked! With the HDD ANOTHER data bus ANOTHER computer Result: It worked! During the tests, we had only two data buses and two computers. (each data bus from it's own computer) Strange thing is that the second data bus cannot let the BIOS see the HDD in my computer but works just fine with the other computer. I beg you to help me! I have my most important data on that HDD and I really cannot afford to buy another decent IDE HDD now!

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  • not able to login in ubuntu box with root password

    - by pankaj sharma
    i have ubuntu 10.04 on my sytem, i run command apt-get install csh on the system and try to change the shell by command chsh -s but now the prob is when i try to login the system by ssh i am not able to login by any user account except one and try to change the user su - root it is showing cannot execute c: no such file or directory and look in the /etc/passwd file for root account in shell field C is written in place of /bin/sh help me out to restore the settings

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  • Best way to make a safe deal when delivering websites and other digital material [closed]

    - by AntonNiklasson
    I have a small business where I create websites. Lately I have been trying to evaluate the way I handle everything besides writing code and picking nice colors etc. I am trying to come up with a decent contract which keeps me safe and makes sure I get paid and so on. I would like to hear from more experienced people how they handle clients. How do you agree on what is supposed to be delivered? Is it a good idea to make sure you get paid say 30% before doing any work at all? Any other helpful tips or routines you can think of are of course gratefully appreciated.

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  • Partner Webcast – Oracle WebCenter: Digital Transformation with Sites - 14 Nov 2013

    - by Roxana Babiciu
    In order to succeed in today's economy, organizations need to engage with information across all channels to ensure customers, partners and employees have access to the right information in the context of the business process in which they are engaged. The latest release of Oracle WebCenter addresses this challenge with updates across its complete portfolio. Oracle WebCenter Sites enables marketers and business users to easily create and manage contextually relevant social and interactive online experiences across multiple channels on a global scale to drive sales and loyalty. Read more

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  • The EU Commission's Digital Agenda Plan

    <b>Groklaw:</b> "I can't help but think of Microsoft's recent bragging about not being fully interoperable with Google Docs. I think they're not yet on the interoperability train that is already leaving the station, and I hope they hop on board before it's too late."

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  • rsyslogd not monitoring all files

    - by Tom O'Connor
    So.. I've installed Logstash, and instead of using the logstash shipper (because it needs the JVM and is generally massive), I'm using rsyslogd with the following configuration. # Use traditional timestamp format $ActionFileDefaultTemplate RSYSLOG_TraditionalFileFormat $IncludeConfig /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf # Provides kernel logging support (previously done by rklogd) $ModLoad imklog # Provides support for local system logging (e.g. via logger command) $ModLoad imuxsock # Log all kernel messages to the console. # Logging much else clutters up the screen. #kern.* /dev/console # Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher. # Don't log private authentication messages! *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none;local6.none /var/log/messages # The authpriv file has restricted access. authpriv.* /var/log/secure # Log all the mail messages in one place. mail.* -/var/log/maillog # Log cron stuff cron.* /var/log/cron # Everybody gets emergency messages *.emerg * # Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file. uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler # Save boot messages also to boot.log local7.* /var/log/boot.log In /etc/rsyslog.d/logstash.conf there are 28 file monitor blocks using imfile $ModLoad imfile # Load the imfile input module $ModLoad imklog # for reading kernel log messages $ModLoad imuxsock # for reading local syslog messages $InputFileName /var/log/rabbitmq/startup_err $InputFileTag rmq-err: $InputFileStateFile state-rmq-err $InputFileFacility local6 $InputRunFileMonitor .... $InputFileName /var/log/some.other.custom.log $InputFileTag cust-log: $InputFileStateFile state-cust-log $InputFileFacility local6 $InputRunFileMonitor .... *.* @@10.90.0.110:5514 There are 28 InputFileMonitor blocks, each monitoring a different custom application logfile.. If I run [root@secret-gm02 ~]# lsof|grep rsyslog rsyslogd 5380 root cwd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / rsyslogd 5380 root rtd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / rsyslogd 5380 root txt REG 253,0 278976 1015955 /sbin/rsyslogd rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 58400 1868123 /lib64/libgcc_s-4.1.2-20080825.so.1 rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 144776 1867778 /lib64/ld-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 1718232 1867780 /lib64/libc-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 23360 1867787 /lib64/libdl-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 145872 1867797 /lib64/libpthread-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 85544 1867815 /lib64/libz.so.1.2.3 rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 53448 1867801 /lib64/librt-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 92816 1868016 /lib64/libresolv-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 20384 1867990 /lib64/rsyslog/lmnsd_ptcp.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 53880 1867802 /lib64/libnss_files-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 23736 1867800 /lib64/libnss_dns-2.5.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 20768 1867988 /lib64/rsyslog/lmnet.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 11488 1867982 /lib64/rsyslog/imfile.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 24040 1867983 /lib64/rsyslog/imklog.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 11536 1867987 /lib64/rsyslog/imuxsock.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 13152 1867989 /lib64/rsyslog/lmnetstrms.so rsyslogd 5380 root mem REG 253,0 8400 1867992 /lib64/rsyslog/lmtcpclt.so rsyslogd 5380 root 0r REG 0,3 0 4026531848 /proc/kmsg rsyslogd 5380 root 1u IPv4 1200589517 0t0 TCP 10.10.10.90 t:40629->10.10.10.90:5514 (ESTABLISHED) rsyslogd 5380 root 2u IPv4 1200589527 0t0 UDP *:45801 rsyslogd 5380 root 3w REG 253,3 17999744 2621483 /var/log/messages rsyslogd 5380 root 4w REG 253,3 13383 2621484 /var/log/secure rsyslogd 5380 root 5w REG 253,3 7180 2621493 /var/log/maillog rsyslogd 5380 root 6w REG 253,3 43321 2621529 /var/log/cron rsyslogd 5380 root 7w REG 253,3 0 2621494 /var/log/spooler rsyslogd 5380 root 8w REG 253,3 0 2621495 /var/log/boot.log rsyslogd 5380 root 9r REG 253,3 1064271998 2621464 /var/log/custom-application.monolog.log rsyslogd 5380 root 10u unix 0xffff81081fad2e40 0t0 1200589511 /dev/log You can see that there are nowhere near 28 logfiles actually being read. I really had to get one file monitored, so I moved it to the top, and it picked it up, but I'd like to be able to monitor all 28+ files, and not have to worry. OS is Centos 5.5 Kernel 2.6.18-308.el5 rsyslogd 3.22.1, compiled with: FEATURE_REGEXP: Yes FEATURE_LARGEFILE: Yes FEATURE_NETZIP (message compression): Yes GSSAPI Kerberos 5 support: Yes FEATURE_DEBUG (debug build, slow code): No Atomic operations supported: Yes Runtime Instrumentation (slow code): No Questions: Why is rsyslogd only monitoring a very small subset of the files? How can I fix this so that all the files are monitored?

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  • What is the best practices for checking if the user of a Python script has root-like privileges?

    - by Paul Hoffman
    I have a Python script that will be doing a lot of things that would require root-level privileges, such as moving files in /etc, installing with apt-get, and so on. I currently have: if os.geteuid() != 0: exit("You need to have root privileges to run this script.\nPlease try again, this time using 'sudo'. Exiting.") Is this the best way to do the check? Are there other best practices?

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  • Understanding the Linux Root

    - by Zac
    I've been using Linux (Ubuntu) for about 2 weeks now and am still struggling with some basic concept surrounding the root user: (1) Some terminal operations (such as making subdirectories inside a FHS directory such as /opt) require me to prefix the command with sudo - why? I guess what I'm choking on is: if I'm already logged in as a valid system user, why do I have to be a superuser/root in order to modify things that the sysadmin has already deemed me worthy of accessing? (2) Is there a GUI (Gnome, KDE) equivalent to sudo? Is there a way to assume a superuser role through a graphical context, rather than from inside a new shell? (3) I can't access the /root directory logged in as myself... but I installed the system to begin with and was never asked to create a root account! How do I log in as root and gain access to /root?!? Thanks for all feedback & input!

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  • Understanding the Linux Root

    - by Zac
    I've been using Linux (Ubuntu) for about 2 weeks now and am still struggling with some basic concept surrounding the root user: (1) Some terminal operations (such as making subdirectories inside a FHS directory such as /opt) require me to prefix the command with sudo - why? I guess what I'm choking on is: if I'm already logged in as a valid system user, why do I have to be a superuser/root in order to modify things that the sysadmin has already deemed me worthy of accessing? (2) Is there a GUI (Gnome, KDE) equivalent to sudo? Is there a way to assume a superuser role through a graphical context, rather than from inside a new shell? (3) I can't access the /root directory logged in as myself... but I installed the system to begin with and was never asked to create a root account! How do I log in as root and gain access to /root?!? Thanks for all feedback & input!

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  • Can't install Parallels Tools on Debian 7.2.0

    - by jfm429
    (Parallels Desktop 9, latest version) As per instructions, I switch to root: $ su - root $ whoami root $ echo $EUID 0 and then execute the installer: $ cd /media/cdrom0 $ ./install and I get this error: sudo: unable to execute ./install: Permission denied What? I'm root! What's with this? I double check to make sure the execute bit is set: $ ls -lA | grep install$ -r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 17284 Oct 25 09:22 install Yep. People online are saying that you need to drag the install script to the terminal after typing sudo. So I do that, and this command is what's formed: $ sudo '/media/cdrom0/install' sudo: unable to execute /media/cdrom0/install: Permission denied What's the solution here?

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  • many unknow process name as "sudo"

    - by joaner
    my server free memoney is less and less, And many process COMMAND are"sudo" when use top and enter M. I don't understand root user need to use "sudo". I want to know the way these processes are generated ? Can I kill ? Tasks: 185 total, 1 running, 184 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3967848k total, 3484196k used, 483652k free, 218532k buffers Swap: 4112376k total, 0k used, 4112376k free, 2932864k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 22219 mysql 20 0 582m 67m 5492 S 0.0 1.7 0:01.75 mysqld 22337 daemon 20 0 327m 31m 3440 S 0.0 0.8 0:01.58 httpd 22252 daemon 20 0 321m 26m 3416 S 0.0 0.7 0:01.25 httpd 22263 daemon 20 0 319m 23m 3396 S 0.0 0.6 0:00.71 httpd 22253 daemon 20 0 310m 18m 3444 S 0.0 0.5 0:00.69 httpd 22251 root 20 0 28392 12m 3640 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.09 httpd 2422 root 20 0 9192 3608 2184 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.32 ssh 13613 root 20 0 38220 3572 1044 S 0.0 0.1 0:22.31 rsyslogd 2423 root 20 0 11556 3420 2692 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.11 sshd 22570 root 20 0 11716 3408 2676 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.08 sshd 3351 root 20 0 10384 2540 2000 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 sudo 30870 root 20 0 10384 2528 2000 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 sudo 14356 dkim-mil 20 0 49664 2444 1468 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.91 dkim-filter 2085 root 20 0 10376 2344 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 7741 root 20 0 10376 2344 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 29838 root 20 0 10376 2344 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2006 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 29747 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30602 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30935 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2259 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2503 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2515 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 7718 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 7745 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 29845 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30172 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30352 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30548 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30598 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30897 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30899 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo

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  • .bashrc doesn't get sourced after su'ing to root

    - by Ian Dunn
    I've got a CentOS 5.6 VPS and both root and my normal user account have identical copies of a .bashrc file in their home directories. The file contains a few basic aliases, etc. If I login to root, root's copy gets sourced. If I login to myuser, myuser's copy gets sourced If I su to root after logging into myuser, then all the aliases, etc inside myuser's copy get removed, and root's copy doesn't get sourced. If I then manually source root's copy, the command completes without any errors, but none of the aliases's etc get applied. I've searched Google and Server Fault, but haven't found any solutions. Does anyone know how to fix that?

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  • Keeping multiple root directories in a single partition

    - by intuited
    I'm working out a partition scheme for a new install. I'd like to keep the root filesystem fairly small and static, so that I can use LVM snapshots to do backups without having to allocate a ton of space for the snapshot. However, I'd also like to keep the number of total partitions small. Even with LVM, there's inevitably some wasted space and it's still annoying and vaguely dangerous to allocate more. So there seem to be a couple of different options: Have the partition that will contain bulky, variable files, like /srv, /var, and /home, be the root partition, and arrange for the core system state — /etc, /usr, /lib, etc. — to live in a second partition. These files can (I think) be backed up using a different backup scheme, and I don't think LVM snapshots will be necessary for them. The opposite: putting the big variable directories on the second partition, and having the essential system directories live on the root FS. Either of these options require that certain directories be pointers of some variety to subdirectories of a second partition. I'm aware of two different ways to do this: symlinks and bind-mounts. Is one better than the other for this purpose? Is there another option? Do any of the various Ubuntu installation media/strategies support this style of partition layout?

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  • Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block 0,0

    - by AlbertK
    I've read the following two solution: Kernel Panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) kernel panic not syncing vfs unable to mount root fs on unknown block oo swapper not tainted ,but still got the same problem. Here's my full error code: [1.902269] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) [1.902299] Pid: 1, comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 3.2.0-29-generic #46-Ubuntu [1.902325] Call Trace: [1.902348] [<ffffffff81640ec8>] panic+0x91/0x1a4 [1.902373] [<ffffffff81cfc01e>] mount_block_root+0xdc/0x18e [1.902400] [<ffffffff81002930>] ? populate_rootfs_wait+0x300/0x9d0 [1.902426] [<ffffffff81cfc257>] mount_root+0x54/0x59 [1.902450] [<ffffffff81cfc3c9>] prepare_namespace+0x16d/0x1a6 [1.902476] [<ffffffff81cfbd63>] kernel_init+0x153/0x158 [1.902501] [<ffffffff81664034>] kernel_thread_helper+0x4/0x10 [1.902527] [<ffffffff81cfbc10>] ? start_kernel+0x3bd/0x3bd [1.902551] [<ffffffff81664030>] ? gs_change+0x13/0x13 I don't know what these error messages mean at all, but I hope that these will help to solve this problem I'm running Ubuntu 12.04. Thanks for any advice.

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