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• What is the effect on LVM snapshot size when a file block is rewritten with it's original contents?

  - by NevilleDNZ

  I'm exploring using LVM snapshot's to off site incremental archives from a snapshot "master" file system. In essence: simply copy across only the files on the "master" that have changed since the last incremental copy to the "archive". Then snapshot the "archive" to retain the incremental. I am a bit puzzled as to the block usage behaviour of the archive's own incremental snapshot. I'm expecting that LVM is not smart enough to know that the "file block" is actually unchanged, and the a new copy will be allocated and written for the fresh "archive" file system. Can anyone confirm this, or point me to a document/page that gives some hints? BTW: the OS hard disk cache, hard disk physical cache and hard disk itself also doesn't need to do any actual "disk writes" as the "disk block" likewise is unnecessary. Any pointers to discussion of this style of optimisation would also be ineresting.

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• Set UIImageView Size?

  - by Tronic

  hi, i have following problem: i generate subviews UIView in an UIScrollView including UIImageViews. NSArray *bilder = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"lol.jpg", @"lol2.jpg", nil]; NSArray *added = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; UIImageView *tmpView; for (NSString *name in bilder) { UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:name]; tmpView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:image]; tmpView.contentMode = UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFit; tmpView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 300, 300); [added addObject:tmpView]; [tmpView release]; } CGSize framy = mainFrame.frame.size; NSUInteger x = 0; for (UIView *view in added) { [mainFrame addSubview:view]; view.frame = CGRectMake(framy.height * x++, 0, framy.height, framy.width); } mainFrame.scrollEnabled = YES; mainFrame.pagingEnabled = YES; mainFrame.contentSize = CGSizeMake(framy.height * [added count], framy.width); mainFrame.backgroundColor = [UIColor blackColor]; i get image file names out of an array. now i want to resize the imageview to a specific size, but it won't work. any advice? thanks + regards

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• Automating Disk Cleanup on Windows using commands

  - by Ram

  Hi, I asked this question on MSDN forum but there was no response.. Maybe I had posted in the wrong forum... So I'm posting it again here, hoping that someone might be able to help me out here... I am trying to run Disk Cleanup in the command prompt (and through a C# program) and so I went through all the available options from this link : http://support.microsoft.com/kb/315246 While I am just trying to understand what I can do, it would be good if someone could explain why the drive option /d cannot be set while specifying /sagerun:n Or is it possible, by some way, to run /sagerun for a specific drive? Pls suggest... Thanks, Ram

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• matlab: figure size, same axis size

  - by Art

  I have a figure with fixed size, like that: hFig = figure(1); set(hFig, 'Position', [200 200 500 500]) But the thing is, that I want to have my AXIS with fixed size (i want them to be a square), not (necessary) the whole figure... - see image attached, Y axis is a bit longer than X axis (of course longer in a meaning of display... X and Y axis range is set to the same value). How to adjust it? Thanks!

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• how to fix error in bitmap size exceeds VM budget

  - by narasimha

  hi folks i am working one application image uploading to sdcard i am scaling that sdcard saved into database some times one error is occurs bitmap size exceeds vm budget ouput : 01-11 15:39:51.809: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): Uncaught handler: thread main exiting due to uncaught exception 01-11 15:39:51.979: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: bitmap size exceeds VM budget 01-11 15:39:51.979: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.nativeDecodeByteArray(Native Method) 01-11 15:39:51.979: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(BitmapFactory.java:384) 01-11 15:39:51.979: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(BitmapFactory.java:397) 01-11 15:39:51.979: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): at com.fitzgeraldsoftware.shout.presentationLayer.Shout.onActivityResult(Shout.java:1653) 01-11 15:39:51.979: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): at android.app.Activity.dispatchActivityResult(Activity.java:3624) 01-11 15:39:51.979: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): at android.app.ActivityThread.deliverResults(ActivityThread.java:3220) 01-11 15:39:51.979: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): at android.app.ActivityThread.handleSendResult(ActivityThread.java:3266) 01-11 15:39:51.979: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): at android.app.ActivityThread.access$2600(ActivityThread.java:116) 01-11 15:39:51.979: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1823) 01-11 15:39:51.979: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) 01-11 15:39:51.979: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123) 01-11 15:39:51.979: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4203) 01-11 15:39:51.979: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 01-11 15:39:51.979: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:521) 01-11 15:39:51.979: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:791) 01-11 15:39:51.979: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:549) 01-11 15:39:51.979: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(6214): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) how can fix the error please forward some solution thanks in advance

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• Image processing on bifurcation diagram to get small eps size

  - by yCalleecharan

  Hello, I'm producing bifurcation diagrams (which are normally used in nonlinear dynamics). These diagrams identify abrupt changes in topologies due to stability changes. These abrupt changes occur as one or more parameters pass through some critical value(s). An example is here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LogisticMap_BifurcationDiagram.png On the above figure, some image processing has been done so as to make the plot more visually pleasant. A bifurcation diagram usually contains hundreds of thousands of points and the resulting eps file can become very big. Journal submission in the LaTeX format require that figures are to be submitted in the eps format. In my case one of such figures can result in about 6 MB in Matlab and even much more in Gnuplot. For the example in the above figure, 100,000 x values are calculated for each r and one can imagine that the resulting eps file would be huge. The site however explains some image processing that makes the plot more visually pleasing. Can anyone explain to me stepwise how go about? I can't understand the explanation provided in the "summary" section. Will the resulting image processing also reduce the figure size? Furthermore, any tips on reducing the file size of such a huge eps figure? Thanks a lot...

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• How to change size of Android ScrollView

  - by user611923

  I have a layout like this (abstracted): Scrollview - fill_parent LinearLayout - wrap_content ImageView 1 - wrap_content ImageView 2 - ... ImageView 3 ... In the course of user interaction some images are replaced by larger or smaller ones, shortening or lenghtening the area to be scrolled. And that is the problem. The Scrollview (SV) does not know about the change, so either it scrolls over a lot of empty space at the bottom, or cuts off a picture or two at the bottom. Question 1: Can I somehow make the SV readapt to the changed hight of the LiearLayout (LL)? Question 2: I can obtain the current size through getHight on the LL. But supplyong it to the SV via changed LayoutParams does not work - of course, that would only change the height of the SV on the screen. Is there a way to put the changed height of the LL into the SV in the code, somehow? Question 3: I havn't tried it yet. Would creating the SV, LL and its children in code and then adding/removing children of changed size as required, make the SV adapt to the changes? And last question: Is there a better aüpproach, except using ListViews?

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• Resize issue to fit dynamically with any browser size

  - by Qpixo

  I'm trying to make full flash site dynamically resize in any browser size. If the browser gets smaller than the site MC should constrain to fit in the browser. (EX: 1440x900) What I have right now works like 98% of the time, but when I switch to a bigger screen size, it screws up and makes the site tiny from left to right (menu, logo, etc.) (Ex:1680x1050) Does anyone know how to fix that issue?? positionScenesOnStage(); stage.align = StageAlign.TOP_LEFT; stage.scaleMode = StageScaleMode.NO_SCALE; stage.addEventListener(Event.RESIZE, handleObjectsOnStage); private function handleObjectsOnStage(event:Event):void { positionScenesOnStage(); } private function positionScenesOnStage():void { backgroundMC = new bgMC(); backgroundMC.x = 0; backgroundMC.y = 0; backgroundMC.width = stage.stageWidth; backgroundMC.height = stage.stageHeight; addChild(backgroundMC); logo_mc = new LogoMC(); logo_mc.x = stage.stageWidth - 1420; logo_mc.y = stage.stageHeight - 700; addChild(logo_mc); menuContainer = new MenuContainerMC(); menuContainer.x = stage.stageWidth - 400; menuContainer.y = stage.stageHeight - 680; addChild(menuContainer); }

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• HTML: adjusting the font size according to the screen size

  - by Mike

  I am building an intranet website that is intended to be seen by mobile phones using one of the following resolutions: 240x320, 320x240, 360x640 and 800x352. All content is to be seen covering the full screen. No scroll should be necessary. I have developed, initially for 360x640. When this content is seen on 240x320 or 320x240 the letter is too big and the user has to scroll to see all content. Is there any way to scale the letters down or up automatically, so the content will fit on every screen size? I mean, adjusting the text font size according to the current screen resolution? thanks for any help.

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• font-size/font-family has no effect

  - by kman

  This is a related issue to my previous question. I have modified the code suggested for preface headings to modify the p tags underneath the headings. <xsl:template match="topic[title='Preface']/body/section/p"> <fo:block xsl:use-attribute-sets="preface.p"> <xsl:apply-imports/> </fo:block> </xsl:template> <xsl:attribute-set name="preface.p"> <xsl:attribute name="font-family">Helvetica</xsl:attribute> <xsl:attribute name="color">red</xsl:attribute> <xsl:attribute name="font-size">8pt</xsl:attribute> </xsl:attribute-set> The color changes the desired text - and only the desired text, so I know it is grabbing the correct nodes. However, the font family and size have no effect. Does anyone know of anything I can check that might be over-riding the code?

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• How to get result size from an SQL query and check size

  - by Jimmy

  Hi I'm trying to write a piece of code for a simple verification method as part of a MVC. At present the SQL is not written as a prepared statement so obviously it is at risk to a SQL injection so any help in regards to writing the SQL as a prepared statement would be really helpful. The method which is in the User model. public boolean getLoginInfo() { try { DBAccess dbAccess = new DBAccess(); String sql = "SELECT username, password FROM owner WHERE username = '" + this.username + "'AND password = '" + this.password + "';"; dbAccess.close();dbAccess.executeQuery(sql); dbAccess.close(); return true; } catch (Exception e) { return false; } } I want to get the size of the result set which is generated by the SQL query and if the size of it is 1 return true else it's false. If you need more info on the rest of the MVC just post and I'll get it up here.

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• XMLHttpRequest POST Data Size

  - by usurper

  Hi, Is there a size limit to a XHR POST request? I am using the POST method for saving textdata into MySQL using PHP script and the data is cut off. Firebug sends me the following message: ... Firebug request size limit has been reached by Firebug. ... This is my code for sending the data: function makeXHR(recordData) { xmlhttp = createXHR(); var body = "q=" + encodeURIComponent(recordData); xmlhttp.open("POST", "insertRowData.php", true); xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-length", body.length); xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Connection", "close"); xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if(xmlhttp.readyState == 4 && xmlhttp.status == 200) { //alert(xmlhttp.responseText); alert("Records were saved successfully!"); } } xmlhttp.send(body); } The only solution I can think of is splitting the data and making a queue of XHR requests but I don't like it. Is there another way?

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• LVM / Device Mapper maps wrong device

  - by DaDaDom

  Hi, I run a LVM setup on a raid1 created by mdadm. md2 is based on sda6 (major:minor 8:6) and sdb6 (8:22). md2 is partition 9:2. The VG on top of md2 has 4 LVs, var, home, usr, tmp. First the problem: While booting it seems as if the device mapper takes the wrong partition for the mapping! Immediately after boot the information is like ~# dmsetup table systemlvm-home: 0 4194304 linear 8:22 384 systemlvm-home: 4194304 16777216 linear 8:22 69206400 systemlvm-home: 20971520 8388608 linear 8:22 119538048 systemlvm-home: 29360128 6291456 linear 8:22 243270016 systemlvm-tmp: 0 2097152 linear 8:22 41943424 systemlvm-usr: 0 10485760 linear 8:22 20971904 systemlvm-var: 0 10485760 linear 8:22 10486144 systemlvm-var: 10485760 6291456 linear 8:22 4194688 systemlvm-var: 16777216 4194304 linear 8:22 44040576 systemlvm-var: 20971520 10485760 linear 8:22 31457664 systemlvm-var: 31457280 20971520 linear 8:22 48234880 systemlvm-var: 52428800 33554432 linear 8:22 85983616 systemlvm-var: 85983232 115343360 linear 8:22 127926656 ~# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md2 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sda6[0] 151798080 blocks [2/1] [U_] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1] 96256 blocks [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1] 2931776 blocks [2/2] [UU] I have to manually "lvchange -an" all LVs, add /dev/sdb6 back to the raid and reactivate the LVs, then all is fine. But it prevents me from automounting the partitions and obviously leads to a bunch of other problems. If everything works fine, the information is like ~$ cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md2 : active raid1 sdb6[1] sda6[0] 151798080 blocks [2/2] [UU] ... ~# dmsetup table systemlvm-home: 0 4194304 linear 9:2 384 systemlvm-home: 4194304 16777216 linear 9:2 69206400 systemlvm-home: 20971520 8388608 linear 9:2 119538048 systemlvm-home: 29360128 6291456 linear 9:2 243270016 systemlvm-tmp: 0 2097152 linear 9:2 41943424 systemlvm-usr: 0 10485760 linear 9:2 20971904 systemlvm-var: 0 10485760 linear 9:2 10486144 systemlvm-var: 10485760 6291456 linear 9:2 4194688 systemlvm-var: 16777216 4194304 linear 9:2 44040576 systemlvm-var: 20971520 10485760 linear 9:2 31457664 systemlvm-var: 31457280 20971520 linear 9:2 48234880 systemlvm-var: 52428800 33554432 linear 9:2 85983616 systemlvm-var: 85983232 115343360 linear 9:2 127926656 I think that LVM for some reason just "takes" /dev/sdb6 which is then missing in the raid. I tried almost all options in the lvm.conf but none seems to work. Below is some more information, like config files. Does anyone have any idea about what is going on here and how to prevent that? If you need any additional information, please let me know Thanks in advance! Dominik The information (off a "repaired" system): ~# cat /etc/debian_version 5.0.4 ~# uname -a Linux kermit 2.6.26-2-686 #1 SMP Wed Feb 10 08:59:21 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux ~# lvm version LVM version: 2.02.39 (2008-06-27) Library version: 1.02.27 (2008-06-25) Driver version: 4.13.0 ~# cat /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf DEVICE partitions ARRAY /dev/md1 level=raid1 num-devices=2 metadata=00.90 UUID=11e9dc6c:1da99f3f:b3088ca6:c6fe60e9 ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid1 num-devices=2 metadata=00.90 UUID=92ed1e4b:897361d3:070682b3:3baa4fa1 ARRAY /dev/md2 level=raid1 num-devices=2 metadata=00.90 UUID=601d4642:39dc80d7:96e8bbac:649924ba ~# mount /dev/md1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) tmpfs on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) procbususb on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) /dev/md0 on /boot type ext3 (rw) /dev/mapper/systemlvm-usr on /usr type reiserfs (rw) /dev/mapper/systemlvm-tmp on /tmp type reiserfs (rw) /dev/mapper/systemlvm-home on /home type reiserfs (rw) /dev/mapper/systemlvm-var on /var type reiserfs (rw) ~# grep -v ^$ /etc/lvm/lvm.conf | grep -v "#" devices { dir = "/dev" scan = [ "/dev" ] preferred_names = [ ] filter = [ "a|/dev/md.*|", "r/.*/" ] cache_dir = "/etc/lvm/cache" cache_file_prefix = "" write_cache_state = 1 sysfs_scan = 1 md_component_detection = 1 ignore_suspended_devices = 0 } log { verbose = 0 syslog = 1 overwrite = 0 level = 0 indent = 1 command_names = 0 prefix = " " } backup { backup = 1 backup_dir = "/etc/lvm/backup" archive = 1 archive_dir = "/etc/lvm/archive" retain_min = 10 retain_days = 30 } shell { history_size = 100 } global { umask = 077 test = 0 units = "h" activation = 1 proc = "/proc" locking_type = 1 fallback_to_clustered_locking = 1 fallback_to_local_locking = 1 locking_dir = "/lib/init/rw" } activation { missing_stripe_filler = "/dev/ioerror" reserved_stack = 256 reserved_memory = 8192 process_priority = -18 mirror_region_size = 512 readahead = "auto" mirror_log_fault_policy = "allocate" mirror_device_fault_policy = "remove" } :~# vgscan -vvv Processing: vgscan -vvv O_DIRECT will be used Setting global/locking_type to 1 File-based locking selected. Setting global/locking_dir to /lib/init/rw Locking /lib/init/rw/P_global WB Wiping cache of LVM-capable devices /dev/block/1:0: Added to device cache /dev/block/1:1: Added to device cache /dev/block/1:10: Added to device cache /dev/block/1:11: Added to device cache /dev/block/1:12: Added to device cache /dev/block/1:13: Added to device cache /dev/block/1:14: Added to device cache /dev/block/1:15: Added to device cache /dev/block/1:2: Added to device cache /dev/block/1:3: Added to device cache /dev/block/1:4: Added to device cache /dev/block/1:5: Added to device cache /dev/block/1:6: Added to device cache /dev/block/1:7: Added to device cache /dev/block/1:8: Added to device cache /dev/block/1:9: Added to device cache /dev/block/253:0: Added to device cache /dev/block/253:1: Added to device cache /dev/block/253:2: Added to device cache /dev/block/253:3: Added to device cache /dev/block/8:0: Added to device cache /dev/block/8:1: Added to device cache /dev/block/8:16: Added to device cache /dev/block/8:17: Added to device cache /dev/block/8:18: Added to device cache /dev/block/8:19: Added to device cache /dev/block/8:2: Added to device cache /dev/block/8:21: Added to device cache /dev/block/8:22: Added to device cache /dev/block/8:3: Added to device cache /dev/block/8:5: Added to device cache /dev/block/8:6: Added to device cache /dev/block/9:0: Already in device cache /dev/block/9:1: Already in device cache /dev/block/9:2: Already in device cache /dev/bsg/0:0:0:0: Not a block device /dev/bsg/1:0:0:0: Not a block device /dev/bus/usb/001/001: Not a block device [... many more "not a block device"] /dev/core: Not a block device /dev/cpu_dma_latency: Not a block device /dev/disk/by-id/ata-SAMSUNG_HD160JJ_S08HJ10L507895: Aliased to /dev/block/8:16 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/ata-SAMSUNG_HD160JJ_S08HJ10L507895-part1: Aliased to /dev/block/8:17 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/ata-SAMSUNG_HD160JJ_S08HJ10L507895-part2: Aliased to /dev/block/8:18 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/ata-SAMSUNG_HD160JJ_S08HJ10L507895-part3: Aliased to /dev/block/8:19 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/ata-SAMSUNG_HD160JJ_S08HJ10L507895-part5: Aliased to /dev/block/8:21 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/ata-SAMSUNG_HD160JJ_S08HJ10L507895-part6: Aliased to /dev/block/8:22 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/ata-SAMSUNG_HD160JJ_S08HJ10L526800: Aliased to /dev/block/8:0 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/ata-SAMSUNG_HD160JJ_S08HJ10L526800-part1: Aliased to /dev/block/8:1 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/ata-SAMSUNG_HD160JJ_S08HJ10L526800-part2: Aliased to /dev/block/8:2 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/ata-SAMSUNG_HD160JJ_S08HJ10L526800-part3: Aliased to /dev/block/8:3 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/ata-SAMSUNG_HD160JJ_S08HJ10L526800-part5: Aliased to /dev/block/8:5 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/ata-SAMSUNG_HD160JJ_S08HJ10L526800-part6: Aliased to /dev/block/8:6 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/dm-name-systemlvm-home: Aliased to /dev/block/253:2 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/dm-name-systemlvm-tmp: Aliased to /dev/block/253:3 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/dm-name-systemlvm-usr: Aliased to /dev/block/253:1 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/dm-name-systemlvm-var: Aliased to /dev/block/253:0 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/dm-uuid-LVM-rL8Oq2dA7oeRYeu1orJA7Ufnb1kjOyvr25N7CRZpUMzR18NfS6zeSeAVnVT98LuU: Aliased to /dev/block/253:0 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/dm-uuid-LVM-rL8Oq2dA7oeRYeu1orJA7Ufnb1kjOyvr3TpFXtLjYGEwn79IdXsSCZPl8AxmqbmQ: Aliased to /dev/block/253:1 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/dm-uuid-LVM-rL8Oq2dA7oeRYeu1orJA7Ufnb1kjOyvrc5MJ4KolevMjt85PPBrQuRTkXbx6NvTi: Aliased to /dev/block/253:3 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/dm-uuid-LVM-rL8Oq2dA7oeRYeu1orJA7Ufnb1kjOyvrYXrfdg5OSYDVkNeiQeQksgCI849Z2hx8: Aliased to /dev/block/253:2 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/md-uuid-11e9dc6c:1da99f3f:b3088ca6:c6fe60e9: Already in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/md-uuid-601d4642:39dc80d7:96e8bbac:649924ba: Already in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/md-uuid-92ed1e4b:897361d3:070682b3:3baa4fa1: Already in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_SAMSUNG_HD160JJS08HJ10L507895: Aliased to /dev/block/8:16 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_SAMSUNG_HD160JJS08HJ10L507895-part1: Aliased to /dev/block/8:17 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_SAMSUNG_HD160JJS08HJ10L507895-part2: Aliased to /dev/block/8:18 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_SAMSUNG_HD160JJS08HJ10L507895-part3: Aliased to /dev/block/8:19 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_SAMSUNG_HD160JJS08HJ10L507895-part5: Aliased to /dev/block/8:21 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_SAMSUNG_HD160JJS08HJ10L507895-part6: Aliased to /dev/block/8:22 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_SAMSUNG_HD160JJS08HJ10L526800: Aliased to /dev/block/8:0 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_SAMSUNG_HD160JJS08HJ10L526800-part1: Aliased to /dev/block/8:1 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_SAMSUNG_HD160JJS08HJ10L526800-part2: Aliased to /dev/block/8:2 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_SAMSUNG_HD160JJS08HJ10L526800-part3: Aliased to /dev/block/8:3 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_SAMSUNG_HD160JJS08HJ10L526800-part5: Aliased to /dev/block/8:5 in device cache /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_SAMSUNG_HD160JJS08HJ10L526800-part6: Aliased to /dev/block/8:6 in device cache /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:0f.0-scsi-0:0:0:0: Aliased to /dev/block/8:0 in device cache /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:0f.0-scsi-0:0:0:0-part1: Aliased to /dev/block/8:1 in device cache /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:0f.0-scsi-0:0:0:0-part2: Aliased to /dev/block/8:2 in device cache /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:0f.0-scsi-0:0:0:0-part3: Aliased to /dev/block/8:3 in device cache /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:0f.0-scsi-0:0:0:0-part5: Aliased to /dev/block/8:5 in device cache /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:0f.0-scsi-0:0:0:0-part6: Aliased to /dev/block/8:6 in device cache /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:0f.0-scsi-1:0:0:0: Aliased to /dev/block/8:16 in device cache /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:0f.0-scsi-1:0:0:0-part1: Aliased to /dev/block/8:17 in device cache /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:0f.0-scsi-1:0:0:0-part2: Aliased to /dev/block/8:18 in device cache /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:0f.0-scsi-1:0:0:0-part3: Aliased to /dev/block/8:19 in device cache /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:0f.0-scsi-1:0:0:0-part5: Aliased to /dev/block/8:21 in device cache /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:0f.0-scsi-1:0:0:0-part6: Aliased to /dev/block/8:22 in device cache /dev/disk/by-uuid/13c1262b-e06f-40ce-b088-ce410640a6dc: Aliased to /dev/block/253:3 in device cache /dev/disk/by-uuid/379f57b0-2e03-414c-808a-f76160617336: Aliased to /dev/block/253:2 in device cache /dev/disk/by-uuid/4fb2d6d3-bd51-48d3-95ee-8e404faf243d: Already in device cache /dev/disk/by-uuid/5c6728ec-82c1-49c0-93c5-f6dbd5c0d659: Aliased to /dev/block/8:5 in device cache /dev/disk/by-uuid/a13cdfcd-2191-4185-a727-ffefaf7a382e: Aliased to /dev/block/253:1 in device cache /dev/disk/by-uuid/e0d5893d-ff88-412f-b753-9e3e9af3242d: Aliased to /dev/block/8:21 in device cache /dev/disk/by-uuid/e79c9da6-8533-4e55-93ec-208876671edc: Aliased to /dev/block/253:0 in device cache /dev/disk/by-uuid/f3f176f5-12f7-4af8-952a-c6ac43a6e332: Already in device cache /dev/dm-0: Aliased to /dev/block/253:0 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/dm-1: Aliased to /dev/block/253:1 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/dm-2: Aliased to /dev/block/253:2 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/dm-3: Aliased to /dev/block/253:3 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/fd: Symbolic link to directory /dev/full: Not a block device /dev/hpet: Not a block device /dev/initctl: Not a block device /dev/input/by-path/platform-i8042-serio-0-event-kbd: Not a block device /dev/input/event0: Not a block device /dev/input/mice: Not a block device /dev/kmem: Not a block device /dev/kmsg: Not a block device /dev/log: Not a block device /dev/loop/0: Added to device cache /dev/MAKEDEV: Not a block device /dev/mapper/control: Not a block device /dev/mapper/systemlvm-home: Aliased to /dev/dm-2 in device cache /dev/mapper/systemlvm-tmp: Aliased to /dev/dm-3 in device cache /dev/mapper/systemlvm-usr: Aliased to /dev/dm-1 in device cache /dev/mapper/systemlvm-var: Aliased to /dev/dm-0 in device cache /dev/md0: Already in device cache /dev/md1: Already in device cache /dev/md2: Already in device cache /dev/mem: Not a block device /dev/net/tun: Not a block device /dev/network_latency: Not a block device /dev/network_throughput: Not a block device /dev/null: Not a block device /dev/port: Not a block device /dev/ppp: Not a block device /dev/psaux: Not a block device /dev/ptmx: Not a block device /dev/pts/0: Not a block device /dev/ram0: Aliased to /dev/block/1:0 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/ram1: Aliased to /dev/block/1:1 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/ram10: Aliased to /dev/block/1:10 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/ram11: Aliased to /dev/block/1:11 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/ram12: Aliased to /dev/block/1:12 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/ram13: Aliased to /dev/block/1:13 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/ram14: Aliased to /dev/block/1:14 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/ram15: Aliased to /dev/block/1:15 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/ram2: Aliased to /dev/block/1:2 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/ram3: Aliased to /dev/block/1:3 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/ram4: Aliased to /dev/block/1:4 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/ram5: Aliased to /dev/block/1:5 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/ram6: Aliased to /dev/block/1:6 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/ram7: Aliased to /dev/block/1:7 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/ram8: Aliased to /dev/block/1:8 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/ram9: Aliased to /dev/block/1:9 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/random: Not a block device /dev/root: Already in device cache /dev/rtc: Not a block device /dev/rtc0: Not a block device /dev/sda: Aliased to /dev/block/8:0 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/sda1: Aliased to /dev/block/8:1 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/sda2: Aliased to /dev/block/8:2 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/sda3: Aliased to /dev/block/8:3 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/sda5: Aliased to /dev/block/8:5 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/sda6: Aliased to /dev/block/8:6 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/sdb: Aliased to /dev/block/8:16 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/sdb1: Aliased to /dev/block/8:17 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/sdb2: Aliased to /dev/block/8:18 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/sdb3: Aliased to /dev/block/8:19 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/sdb5: Aliased to /dev/block/8:21 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/sdb6: Aliased to /dev/block/8:22 in device cache (preferred name) /dev/shm/network/ifstate: Not a block device /dev/snapshot: Not a block device /dev/sndstat: stat failed: Datei oder Verzeichnis nicht gefunden /dev/stderr: Not a block device /dev/stdin: Not a block device /dev/stdout: Not a block device /dev/systemlvm/home: Aliased to /dev/dm-2 in device cache /dev/systemlvm/tmp: Aliased to /dev/dm-3 in device cache /dev/systemlvm/usr: Aliased to /dev/dm-1 in device cache /dev/systemlvm/var: Aliased to /dev/dm-0 in device cache /dev/tty: Not a block device /dev/tty0: Not a block device [... many more "not a block device"] /dev/vcsa6: Not a block device /dev/xconsole: Not a block device /dev/zero: Not a block device Wiping internal VG cache lvmcache: initialised VG #orphans_lvm1 lvmcache: initialised VG #orphans_pool lvmcache: initialised VG #orphans_lvm2 Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... Finding all volume groups /dev/ram0: Skipping (regex) /dev/loop/0: Skipping (sysfs) /dev/sda: Skipping (regex) Opened /dev/md0 RO /dev/md0: size is 192512 sectors Closed /dev/md0 /dev/md0: size is 192512 sectors Opened /dev/md0 RW O_DIRECT /dev/md0: block size is 1024 bytes Closed /dev/md0 Using /dev/md0 Opened /dev/md0 RW O_DIRECT /dev/md0: block size is 1024 bytes /dev/md0: No label detected Closed /dev/md0 /dev/dm-0: Skipping (regex) /dev/ram1: Skipping (regex) /dev/sda1: Skipping (regex) Opened /dev/md1 RO /dev/md1: size is 5863552 sectors Closed /dev/md1 /dev/md1: size is 5863552 sectors Opened /dev/md1 RW O_DIRECT /dev/md1: block size is 4096 bytes Closed /dev/md1 Using /dev/md1 Opened /dev/md1 RW O_DIRECT /dev/md1: block size is 4096 bytes /dev/md1: No label detected Closed /dev/md1 /dev/dm-1: Skipping (regex) /dev/ram2: Skipping (regex) /dev/sda2: Skipping (regex) Opened /dev/md2 RO /dev/md2: size is 303596160 sectors Closed /dev/md2 /dev/md2: size is 303596160 sectors Opened /dev/md2 RW O_DIRECT /dev/md2: block size is 4096 bytes Closed /dev/md2 Using /dev/md2 Opened /dev/md2 RW O_DIRECT /dev/md2: block size is 4096 bytes /dev/md2: lvm2 label detected lvmcache: /dev/md2: now in VG #orphans_lvm2 (#orphans_lvm2) /dev/md2: Found metadata at 39936 size 2632 (in area at 2048 size 194560) for systemlvm (rL8Oq2-dA7o-eRYe-u1or-JA7U-fnb1-kjOyvr) lvmcache: /dev/md2: now in VG systemlvm with 1 mdas lvmcache: /dev/md2: setting systemlvm VGID to rL8Oq2dA7oeRYeu1orJA7Ufnb1kjOyvr lvmcache: /dev/md2: VG systemlvm: Set creation host to rescue. Closed /dev/md2 /dev/dm-2: Skipping (regex) /dev/ram3: Skipping (regex) /dev/sda3: Skipping (regex) /dev/dm-3: Skipping (regex) /dev/ram4: Skipping (regex) /dev/ram5: Skipping (regex) /dev/sda5: Skipping (regex) /dev/ram6: Skipping (regex) /dev/sda6: Skipping (regex) /dev/ram7: Skipping (regex) /dev/ram8: Skipping (regex) /dev/ram9: Skipping (regex) /dev/ram10: Skipping (regex) /dev/ram11: Skipping (regex) /dev/ram12: Skipping (regex) /dev/ram13: Skipping (regex) /dev/ram14: Skipping (regex) /dev/ram15: Skipping (regex) /dev/sdb: Skipping (regex) /dev/sdb1: Skipping (regex) /dev/sdb2: Skipping (regex) /dev/sdb3: Skipping (regex) /dev/sdb5: Skipping (regex) /dev/sdb6: Skipping (regex) Locking /lib/init/rw/V_systemlvm RB Finding volume group "systemlvm" Opened /dev/md2 RW O_DIRECT /dev/md2: block size is 4096 bytes /dev/md2: lvm2 label detected lvmcache: /dev/md2: now in VG #orphans_lvm2 (#orphans_lvm2) with 1 mdas /dev/md2: Found metadata at 39936 size 2632 (in area at 2048 size 194560) for systemlvm (rL8Oq2-dA7o-eRYe-u1or-JA7U-fnb1-kjOyvr) lvmcache: /dev/md2: now in VG systemlvm with 1 mdas lvmcache: /dev/md2: setting systemlvm VGID to rL8Oq2dA7oeRYeu1orJA7Ufnb1kjOyvr lvmcache: /dev/md2: VG systemlvm: Set creation host to rescue. Using cached label for /dev/md2 Read systemlvm metadata (19) from /dev/md2 at 39936 size 2632 /dev/md2 0: 0 16: home(0:0) /dev/md2 1: 16 24: var(40:0) /dev/md2 2: 40 40: var(0:0) /dev/md2 3: 80 40: usr(0:0) /dev/md2 4: 120 40: var(80:0) /dev/md2 5: 160 8: tmp(0:0) /dev/md2 6: 168 16: var(64:0) /dev/md2 7: 184 80: var(120:0) /dev/md2 8: 264 64: home(16:0) /dev/md2 9: 328 128: var(200:0) /dev/md2 10: 456 32: home(80:0) /dev/md2 11: 488 440: var(328:0) /dev/md2 12: 928 24: home(112:0) /dev/md2 13: 952 206: NULL(0:0) Found volume group "systemlvm" using metadata type lvm2 Read volume group systemlvm from /etc/lvm/backup/systemlvm Unlocking /lib/init/rw/V_systemlvm Closed /dev/md2 Unlocking /lib/init/rw/P_global ~# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name systemlvm System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 19 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 4 Open LV 4 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 144,75 GB PE Size 128,00 MB Total PE 1158 Alloc PE / Size 952 / 119,00 GB Free PE / Size 206 / 25,75 GB VG UUID rL8Oq2-dA7o-eRYe-u1or-JA7U-fnb1-kjOyvr ~# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/md2 VG Name systemlvm PV Size 144,77 GB / not usable 16,31 MB Allocatable yes PE Size (KByte) 131072 Total PE 1158 Free PE 206 Allocated PE 952 PV UUID ZSAzP5-iBvr-L7jy-wB8T-AiWz-0g3m-HLK66Y :~# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/systemlvm/home VG Name systemlvm LV UUID YXrfdg-5OSY-DVkN-eiQe-Qksg-CI84-9Z2hx8 LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 17,00 GB Current LE 136 Segments 4 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:2 --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/systemlvm/var VG Name systemlvm LV UUID 25N7CR-ZpUM-zR18-NfS6-zeSe-AVnV-T98LuU LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 96,00 GB Current LE 768 Segments 7 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/systemlvm/usr VG Name systemlvm LV UUID 3TpFXt-LjYG-Ewn7-9IdX-sSCZ-Pl8A-xmqbmQ LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 5,00 GB Current LE 40 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/systemlvm/tmp VG Name systemlvm LV UUID c5MJ4K-olev-Mjt8-5PPB-rQuR-TkXb-x6NvTi LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 1,00 GB Current LE 8 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:3

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• The Beginner’s Guide to Linux Disk Utilities

  - by Zainul Franciscus

  Knowing how to check the condition of your hard disk is useful to determine when to replace your hard disk. In today’s article, we will show you some Linux disk utilities to diagnose the health of your hard disk. Image by Scoobay Latest Features How-To Geek ETC The Complete List of iPad Tips, Tricks, and Tutorials The 50 Best Registry Hacks that Make Windows Better The How-To Geek Holiday Gift Guide (Geeky Stuff We Like) LCD? LED? Plasma? The How-To Geek Guide to HDTV Technology The How-To Geek Guide to Learning Photoshop, Part 8: Filters Improve Digital Photography by Calibrating Your Monitor The Brothers Mario – Epic Gangland Style Mario Brothers Movie Trailer [Video] Score Awesome Games on the Cheap with the Humble Indie Bundle Add a Colorful Christmas Theme to Your Windows 7 Desktop This Windows Hack Changes the Blue Screen of Death to Red Edit Images Quickly in Firefox with Pixlr Grabber Zoho Writer, Sheet, and Show Now Available in Chrome Web Store

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• Find and free disk space that is unused but unavailable (due to file system error, etc.)

  - by Voyagerfan5761

  Sometimes I get the feeling that if an app such as μTorrent allocates files on my FAT32-formatted flash drive, but then is killed or crashes (as happens more than a few times a month), that space just disappears from my file system. Whether or not that is the case, sometimes I do get a chill from wondering if I've lost hundreds of MB in available storage due to carelessness or malfunctions. Checking my disk with WinDirStat just makes it worse, because I see the huge "<Unknown>" item at the disk root staring at me, eating up well over a gigabyte. It might be FS inefficiency (due to 32 or 64kb sector/cluster size and a lot of tiny files) or it might be a glitch... Is there a tool I can download and run to check my file system and make sure that there aren't any unused allocated blocks on the disk? I want to make sure I'm not losing any disk space to I/O errors, etc.

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• Why do [flush-8:16] and [jbd2/sdb2-8] occasionally use 99.99% disk IO?

  - by ændrük

  Approximately twice a week, the entire graphical interface will lock up for about 10-20 seconds without warning while I am doing simple tasks such as browsing the web or writing a paper. When this happens, GUI elements do not respond to mouse or keyboard input, and the System Monitor applet displays 100% IOWait processor usage. Today, I finally happened to have GNOME Terminal already open when the problem started. Despite other applications such as Google Chrome, Firefox, GNOME Do, and GNOME Panel being unresponsive, the terminal was usable. I ran iotop and observed that commands named [flush-8:16] and [jbd2/sdb2-8] were alternately using 99.99% IO. What are these, and how can I prevent them from causing GUI unresponsiveness? Here is dumpe2fs /dev/sdb2, if it's relevant.

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• When to use Truecrypt, and when not to?

  - by tm77

  I have about 30 (this number will most likely grow over the next few years to 50 or more) unencrypted laptops that I have been tasked to encrypt (entire drive). These machines will be used off site regularly by my users. These machines are running Windows 7 and XP (about 50/50), but more Windows 7 every month. I have experience with Truecrypt, and have had no issues. It appears to be THE solution for a free solution. My concern with Truecrypt is that my users will have 2 passswords needed to login to their machines. Also, I need to choose to either have 1 password for my organization, or carefully document each machine's password (management nightmare). In my mind, choosing between a managed and a free encryption solution is primarily based on the NUMBER of machines that will be encrypted and supported. Two questions: From a management standpoint, what is the tipping point of users where a managed solution would pay for itself over Truecrypt? What are some good third party solutions? (I will consider Bitlocker, but the price to upgrade Windows 7 licenses is a turn-off) I would love to hear from some admins with experience in supporting encrypted machines in a corporate environment. Many thanks in advance!

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• Automount of external hard disk

  - by moose

  I have an Intenso 6002560 1TB Memory Station - an external hard disk. This hard disk gets connected via Y-USB cable. When I connect both USB-ends to my Notebook, it gets recognized by my Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS system: moose@pc07:~$ lsusb [...] Bus 002 Device 005: ID 13fd:1840 Initio Corporation [...] and Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00065e10 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 37810 303704064 83 Linux /dev/sda2 37810 38914 8864769 5 Extended /dev/sda5 37810 38914 8864768 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0d6ea32a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 121601 976759008+ c W95 FAT32 (LBA) But it did not get mounted: moose@pc07:/dev$ mount -l /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,user_xattr) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) none on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) none on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/moose/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=moose) However, I could mount it manually with mount -t vfat /dev/sdc1 /mnt/sdc1 as you can see here: moose@pc07:~$ mount -l /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,user_xattr) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) none on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) none on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/moose/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=moose) /dev/sdc1 on /mnt/sdc1 type vfat (rw) edit: Another command: moose@pc07:~$ sudo blkid -o list device fs_type label mount point UUID ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /dev/sda1 ext4 / 45eb611b-517e-425b-8057-0391726cccd5 /dev/sda5 swap <swap> e9dc42f3-594c-4b62-874a-305eda5eed41 moose@pc07:~$ blkid -o list device fs_type label mount point UUID ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /dev/sda1 ext4 / 45eb611b-517e-425b-8057-0391726cccd5 /dev/sda5 swap <swap> e9dc42f3-594c-4b62-874a-305eda5eed41 /dev/sdc1 /mnt/sdc1 edit: another command: moose@pc07:~$ ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/ total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2012-09-30 09:31 45eb611b-517e-425b-8057-0391726cccd5 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2012-09-30 09:31 e9dc42f3-594c-4b62-874a-305eda5eed41 -> ../../sda5 Here is a link to a Launchpad question about this problem. But I would like it to mount automatically. What do I have to do?

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• How to create VHD disk image from a Linux live system?

  - by Federico

  Once more, I have to resort at the experts here at SuperUser, as my other sources (mainly Google ;-)) didn't prove very helpful... So basically, I would like to create a VHD image of a physical disk to be archived/accessed/maybe even mounted in a virtual machine. Now, there are dozens of articles and tutorials on how to do that on the web, but none that meets exactly the conditions I would like to achieve: I would like the destination file to be a VHD image, as Windows 7 can mount it natively, even over the network and many other programs can use it (VirtualBox, ...) The disk I'm trying to image contains a Windows XP install, so in theory, I could use the disk2vhd utility, but I would like to find a solution that doesn't require booting that Windows XP install (ie keep the disk read-only) Thus I was searching for a solution involving some sort of live system (running from a USB stic or the network) However, all the solutions that I've came across either make use of disk2vhd or use the dd command under linux, which does a complete copy of the disk (ie even empty blocks) and does not output a VHD file. Is there a tool/program under Linux that can directly create a VHD file? Or is is possible to convert a raw disk image created using dd to a VHD file, without allocating space for the empty blocks? How would you proceed? As always, any advice or comment is highly appreciated!!

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• CentOS 5.5 installation on disk image

  - by Dima

  Today, in order to install CentOS 5.5 I'm using kickstart script. I would like to install CentOS on different way: Create disk image (using dd command) Create filesystem on this disk image using mkfs.ext3 Install CentOS on this filesystem Make this disk image bootable (using grub-install) Copy the disk image to the physical hard disk (using dd command) I know to do all these items except 3. Is it possible to do it? If yes, how can I install CentOS on the disk image?

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• limit linux background flush (dirty pages)

  - by korkman

  Background flushing in linux happens when either too much written data is pending (adjustable via /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio) or a timeout for pending writes is reached (/proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs). Unless another limit is being hit (/proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio), more written data may be cached. Further writes will block. In theory, this should create a background process writing out dirty pages without disturbing other processes. In practice, it does disturb any process doing uncached reading or synchronous writing. Badly. This is because the background flush actually writes at 100% device speed and any other device requests at this time will be delayed (because all queues and write-caches on the road are filled). Is there any way to limit the amount of requests per second the flushing process performs, or otherwise effectively prioritize other device I/O?

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• Disallow user from decrypting the startup disk

  - by Blacklight Shining

  When you enable FileVault's full-disk encryption, it asks for the password of each account on the system to allow every user to decrypt the disk. You can simply choose not to have a user enter their password, and they will not be able to decrypt the disk. However, if you create an account after enabling disk encryption, the user is automatically allowed to decrypt the disk. How do I disallow a user from decrypting the startup disk?

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• Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS USB not being detected after formatting with Startup Disk Creator

  - by Zach

  sudo fdisk -l lists the drive, however, I cannot find it in the file explorer. Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000d871e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 486322175 243160064 83 Linux /dev/sda2 486324222 488396799 1036289 5 Extended /dev/sda5 486324224 488396799 1036288 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 8195 MB, 8195480064 bytes 253 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1020 cylinders, total 16006797 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00027ae4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 62 15999719 M 7999829 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) Manually mounting it produces this error message :~$ sudo mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /media/external -ouiduid=1000,gid=1000,utf8,dmask=027,fmask=137 mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so Is the usb toast?

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• /tmp shows 690 Mb full, actual size 72 K, Why?

  - by Ankit

  Why is /tmp diretory on my system showing 690 Mb full, whereas du -sh /tmp shows only 72K full. drwxrwxrwt 2 lightdm lightdm 4096 Aug 29 21:49 at-spi2 drwx------ 2 ankit ankit 4096 Aug 29 21:50 keyring-0JTfoY drwx------ 2 ankit ankit 4096 Aug 29 21:44 keyring-rChLLL drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jul 22 02:10 lost+found drwx------ 2 ankit ankit 4096 Jan 1 1970 orbit-ankit drwx------ 2 lightdm lightdm 4096 Aug 29 21:50 pulse-2L9K88eMlGn7 drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Aug 29 21:44 pulse-PKdhtXMmr18n drwx------ 2 ankit ankit 4096 Aug 29 21:50 pulse-zR1TZUAZfmQW drwx------ 2 ankit ankit 4096 Aug 29 21:44 ssh-dlslOXOq2203 drwx------ 2 ankit ankit 4096 Aug 29 21:50 ssh-MrQQVRyy3316 -rw------- 1 ankit ankit 0 Aug 29 21:45 tmp0qnNG4 -rw------- 1 ankit ankit 0 Aug 29 21:50 tmpVvSMt6 -rw------- 1 ankit ankit 0 Aug 29 21:49 tmpy9Gadz -rw-rw-r-- 1 lightdm lightdm 0 Aug 29 21:44 unity_support_test.0 ankit@duster:/tmp$ df -h df: `/home/ankit/.gvfs': Transport endpoint is not connected Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 79G 11G 65G 14% / udev 2.9G 4.0K 2.9G 1% /dev tmpfs 1.2G 868K 1.2G 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 2.9G 220K 2.9G 1% /run/shm /dev/sda7 38G 690M 35G 2% /tmp /dev/sda5 93G 26G 63G 30% /home /dev/sda6 93G 1.6G 87G 2% /boot /dev/sda3 154G 69G 78G 48% /home/mount_150 ankit@duster:/tmp$ ankit@duster:/tmp$ ankit@duster:/tmp$ sudo du -sh /tmp/ 72K

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• Sparse virtual machine disk image resizing weirdness?

  - by Matt H

  I have a partitioned virtual machine disk image created by vmware. What I want to do is resize that by 10GB. The file size is showing as 64424509440. Or 60GB. So I ran this: dd if=/dev/zero of=./win7.img seek=146800640 count=0 It ran without errors and I can verify the new size is in fact 75161927680 bytes or 70GB. This is where it gets a little odd. I started the guest domain in xen which is a Windows 7 enterprise machine. What I was expecting to see in diskmgmt.msc is 2 partitions. 1 system partition at the start of around 100MB and near 60GB partition (which is C drive) followed by around 10GB of free space. Actually what I saw was a 70GB partition!?! That confused me... so I decided to run the Check Disk which when you set it on the C drive it asks you to reboot so it'll run on boot. So I did that and during the boot it ran the checks. It got all the way through stage 3 and didn't show any errors at all. Looked at the partitions in disk manager and now C drive has shrunk back to 60GB and there is no free space. What gives? Ok, I thought I'd try mounting it under Dom0 and examining it with fdisk. This is what I get when mounted sudo xl block-attach 0 tap:aio:/home/xen/vms/otoy_v1202-xen.img xvda w sudo fdisk -l /dev/xvda Disk /dev/xvda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x582dfc96 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/xvda2 13 7833 62810112 7 HPFS/NTFS Note the cylinder boundary comment. When I run sudo cfdisk /dev/xvda I get: FATAL ERROR: Bad primary partition 1: Partition ends in the final partial cylinder Press any key to exit cfdisk So I guess this is a bigger problem than first thought. How can I fix this? EDIT: Oops, the cylinder boundary thing is not a problem at all since disks have used LBA etc. So that threw me for a moment... still the problem exists... Now this output looks a little different. sudo sfdisk -uS -l /dev/xvda Disk /dev/xvda: 7832 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Units = sectors of 512 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #sectors Id System /dev/xvda1 * 2048 206847 204800 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/xvda2 206848 125827071 125620224 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/xvda3 0 - 0 0 Empty /dev/xvda4 0 - 0 0 Empty BTW: I do have a backup of the image so if you help me mess it up that's ok. EDIT: sudo parted /dev/xvda print free Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd) Disk /dev/xvda: 64.4GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 32.3kB 1049kB 1016kB Free Space 1 1049kB 106MB 105MB primary ntfs boot 2 106MB 64.4GB 64.3GB primary ntfs 64.4GB 64.4GB 1049kB Free Space Cool. Linux is showing free space is 10GB which is what I expect. The problem is windows isn't seeing this?

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