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  • How do programming languages bind identifiers to functions

    - by sub
    I'm talking about C and/or C++ here as this are the only languages I know used for interpreters where the following could be a problem: If we have an interpreted language X how can a library written for it add functions to the language which can then be called from within programs written in the language? PHP example: substr( $str, 5, 10 ); How is the function substr added to the "function pool" of PHP so it can be called from within scripts? It is easy for PHP storing all registered function names in an array and searching through it as a function is called in a script. However, as there obviously is no eval in C(++), how can the function then be called? I assume PHP doesn't have 100MB of code like: if( identifier == "substr" ) { return PHP_SUBSTR(...); } else if( ... ) { ... } Ha ha, that would be pretty funny. I hope you have understood my question so far. How do interpreters solve this problem? How can I solve this for my own experimental toy interpreter?

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  • Why this Either-monad code does not type check?

    - by pf_miles
    instance Monad (Either a) where return = Left fail = Right Left x >>= f = f x Right x >>= _ = Right x this code frag in 'baby.hs' caused the horrible compilation error: Prelude> :l baby [1 of 1] Compiling Main ( baby.hs, interpreted ) baby.hs:2:18: Couldn't match expected type `a1' against inferred type `a' `a1' is a rigid type variable bound by the type signature for `return' at <no location info> `a' is a rigid type variable bound by the instance declaration at baby.hs:1:23 In the expression: Left In the definition of `return': return = Left In the instance declaration for `Monad (Either a)' baby.hs:3:16: Couldn't match expected type `[Char]' against inferred type `a1' `a1' is a rigid type variable bound by the type signature for `fail' at <no location info> Expected type: String Inferred type: a1 In the expression: Right In the definition of `fail': fail = Right baby.hs:4:26: Couldn't match expected type `a1' against inferred type `a' `a1' is a rigid type variable bound by the type signature for `>>=' at <no location info> `a' is a rigid type variable bound by the instance declaration at baby.hs:1:23 In the first argument of `f', namely `x' In the expression: f x In the definition of `>>=': Left x >>= f = f x baby.hs:5:31: Couldn't match expected type `b' against inferred type `a' `b' is a rigid type variable bound by the type signature for `>>=' at <no location info> `a' is a rigid type variable bound by the instance declaration at baby.hs:1:23 In the first argument of `Right', namely `x' In the expression: Right x In the definition of `>>=': Right x >>= _ = Right x Failed, modules loaded: none. why this happen? and how could I make this code compile ? thanks for any help~

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  • Problem running a Python program, error: Name 's' is not defined.

    - by Sergio Tapia
    Here's my code: #This is a game to guess a random number. import random guessTaken = 0 print("Hello! What's your name kid") myName = input() number = random.randint(1,20) print("Well, " + myName + ", I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 20.") while guessTaken < 6: print("Take a guess.") guess = input() guess = int(guess) guessTaken = guessTaken + 1 if guess < number: print("You guessed a little bit too low.") if guess > number: print("You guessed a little too high.") if guess == number: break if guess == number: guessTaken = str(guessTaken) print("Well done " + myName + "! You guessed the number in " + guessTaken + " guesses!") if guess != number: number = str(number) print("No dice kid. I was thinking of this number: " + number) This is the error I get: Name error: Name 's' is not defined. I think the problem may be that I have Python 3 installed, but the program is being interpreted by Python 2.6. I'm using Linux Mint if that can help you guys help me. Using Geany as the IDE and pressing F5 to test it. It may be loading 2.6 by default, but I don't really know. :( Edit: Error 1 is: File "GuessingGame.py", line 8, in <Module> myName = input() Error 2 is: File <string>, line 1, in <Module>

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  • What should the standard be for ReSTful URLS?

    - by gargantaun
    Since I can't find a chuffing job, I've been reading up on ReST and creating web services. The way I've interpreted it, the future is all about creating a web service for all your data before you build the web app. Which seems like a good idea. However, there seems to be a lot of contradictory thoughts on what the best scheme is for ReSTful URLs. Some people advocate simple pretty urls http://api.myapp.com/resource/1 In addition, some people like to add the API version to the url like so http://api.myapp.com/v1/resource/1 And to make things even more confusing, some people advocate adding the content-type to get requests http://api.myapp.com/v1/resource/1.xml http://api.myapp.com/v1/resource/1.json http://api.myapp.com/v1/resource/1.txt Whereas others think the content-type should be sent in the HTTP header. Soooooooo.... That's a lot of variation, which has left me unsure of what the best URL scheme is. I personally see the merits of the most comprehensive URL that includes a version number, resource locator and content-type, but I'm new to this so I could be wrong. On the other hand, you could argue that you should do "whatever works best for you". But that doesn't really fit with the ReST mentality as far as I can tell since the aim is to have a standard. And since a lot of you people will have more experience than me with ReST, I thought I'd ask for some guidance. So, with all that in mind... What should the standard be for ReSTful URLS?

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  • Does this language feature already exists?

    - by Pindatjuh
    I'm currently developing a new language for programming in a continuous environment (compare it to electrical engineering), and I've got some ideas on a certain language construction. Let me explain the feature by explanation and then by definition; x = a | b; Where x is a variable and a and b are other variables (or static values). if(x == a) { // all references to "x" are essentially references to "a". } if(x == b) { // same but with "b" } if(x != a) { // ... } if(x == a | b) { // guaranteed that "x" is '"a" | "b"'; interacting with "x" // will interact with both "a" and "b". } // etc. In the above, all code-blocks are executed, but the "scope" changes in each block how x is interpreted. In the first block, x is guaranteed to be a: thus interacting with x inside that block will interact on a. The second and the third code-block are only equal in this situation (because not b only remains a). The last block guarantees that x is at least a or b. Further more; | is not the "bitwise or operator", but I've called it the "and/or"-operator. It's definition is: "|" = "and" | "or" (On my blog, http://cplang.wordpress.com/2009/12/19/binop-and-or/, is more (mathematical) background information on this operator. It's loosely based on sets.) I do not know if this construction already exists, so that's my question: does this language feature already exists?

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  • Beginning Haskell: "not in scope" Unprecedented error

    - by user1071838
    So I just started learning Haskell, and this (http://learnyouahaskell.com) nifty book is giving a lot of help. So yesterday I wrote in a text file doubleMe x = x + x and saved it as double.hs. So after saving that I open up my command prompt, CD to the right folder, type in "ghci" to get haskell started, and then type in >doubleMe 5 10 and everything seems to work. Now today, I do the same thing and this happens (actual copy paste from command line) . . . C:\Users\myName\haskell>ghci GHCi, version 7.0.3: http://www.haskell.org/ghc/ :? for help Loading package ghc-prim ... linking ... done. Loading package integer-gmp ... linking ... done. Loading package base ... linking ... done. Loading package ffi-1.0 ... linking ... done. Prelude> :l double.hs [1 of 1] Compiling Main ( double.hs, interpreted ) Ok, modules loaded: Main. *Main> doubleMe 5 <interactive>:1:1: Not in scope: `doubleMe' So basically, everything was working fine, but now haskell can't find the function I wrote in double.hs. Can anyone tell what is going on? I'm pretty lost and confused. This is just a guess but does it have to do with *Main at all? Thanks for the help.

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  • Why do compiled Haskell libraries see invalid static FFI storage?

    - by John Millikin
    I am using GHC 6.12.1, in Ubuntu 10.04 When I try to use the FFI syntax for static storage, only modules running in interpreted mode (ie GHCI) work properly. Compiled modules have invalid pointers, and do not work. I'd like to know whether anybody can reproduce the problem, whether this an error in my code or GHC, and (if the latter) whether it's a known issue. Given the following three modules: -- A.hs {-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-} module A where import Foreign import Foreign.C foreign import ccall "&sys_siglist" siglist_a :: Ptr CString -- -- B.hs {-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-} module B where import Foreign import Foreign.C foreign import ccall "&sys_siglist" siglist_b :: Ptr CString -- -- Main.hs {-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-} module Main where import Foreign import Foreign.C import A import B foreign import ccall "&sys_siglist" siglist_main :: Ptr CString main = do putStrLn $ "siglist_a = " ++ show siglist_a putStrLn $ "siglist_b = " ++ show siglist_b putStrLn $ "siglist_main = " ++ show siglist_main peekSiglist "a " siglist_a peekSiglist "b " siglist_b peekSiglist "main" siglist_main peekSiglist name siglist = do ptr <- peekElemOff siglist 2 str <- maybePeek peekCString ptr putStrLn $ "siglist_" ++ name ++ "[2] = " ++ show str I would expect something like this output, where all pointer values identical and valid: $ runhaskell Main.hs siglist_a = 0x00007f53a948fe00 siglist_b = 0x00007f53a948fe00 siglist_main = 0x00007f53a948fe00 siglist_a [2] = Just "Interrupt" siglist_b [2] = Just "Interrupt" siglist_main[2] = Just "Interrupt" However, if I compile A.hs (with ghc -c A.hs), then the output changes to: $ runhaskell Main.hs siglist_a = 0x0000000040378918 siglist_b = 0x00007fe7c029ce00 siglist_main = 0x00007fe7c029ce00 siglist_a [2] = Nothing siglist_b [2] = Just "Interrupt" siglist_main[2] = Just "Interrupt"

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  • Display pdf file inline in Rails app

    - by Martas
    Hi, I have a pdf file attachment saved in the cloud. The file is attached using attachment_fu. All I do to display it in the view is: <%= image_tag @model.pdf_attachment.public_filename %> When I load the page with this code in the browser, it does what I want: it displays the attached pdf file. But only on Mac. On Windows, browsers will display a broken image placeholder. Chrome's Developer Tools report: "Resource interpreted as image but transferred with MIME type application/pdf." I also tried sending the file from controller: in PdfAttachmentController: def send_pdf_attachment pdf_attachment = PdfAttachment.find params[:id] send_file pdf_attachment.public_filename, :type => pdf_attachment.content_type, :file_name => pdf_attachment.filename, :disposition => 'inline' end in routes.rb: map.send_pdf_attachment '/pdf_attachments/send_pdf_attachment/:id', :controller => 'pdf_attachments', :action => 'send_pdf_attachment' and in the view: <%= send_pdf_attachment_path @model.pdf_attachment %> or <%= image_tag( send_pdf_attachment_path @model.pdf_attachment ) %> And that doesn't display the file on Mac (I didn't try on Windows), it displays the path: pdf_attachments/send_pdf_attachment/35 So, my question is: what do I do to properly display a pdf file inline? Thanks martin

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  • Recommendations to handle development and deployment of php web apps using shared project code

    - by Exception e
    I am wondering what the best way (for a lone developer) is to develop a project that depends on code of other projects deploy the resulting project to the server I am planning to put my code in svn, and have shared code as a separate project. There are problems with svn:externals which I cannot fully estimate. I've read subversion:externals considered to be an anti-pattern, and How do you organize your version control repository, but there is one special thing with php-projects (and other interpreted source code): there is no final executable resulting from your libraries. External dependencies are thus always on raw source code. Ideally I really want to be able to develop simultaneously on one project and the projects it dependends on. Possible way: Check out a projects' dependency in a sub folder as a working copy of the trunk. Problems I foresee: When you want to deploy a project, you might want to freeze its dependencies, right? The dependency code should not end up as a duplicate in the projects repository, I think. *(update1: I additionally assume svn:ignore will pose problems if I cannot fall back on symlinks, see my comment) I am still looking for suggestions that do not require the use junction points. They are a sort of unsupported hack in winxp, which may break some programs* This leads me to the last part of the question (as one has influence on the other): how do you deploy apps whith such dependencies? I've looked into BuildOut for Python, but it seems to be tightly related to the python ecosystem (resolving and fetching python modules from the web etc). I am very eager to learn about your best practices.

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  • What is the preferred way in C++ for converting a builtin type (int) to bool?

    - by Martin
    When programming with Visual C++, I think every developer is used to see the warning warning C4800: 'BOOL' : forcing value to bool 'true' or 'false' from time to time. The reason obviously is that BOOL is defined as int and directly assigning any of the built-in numerical types to bool is considered a bad idea. So my question is now, given any built-in numerical type (int, short, ...) that is to be interpreted as a boolean value, what is the/your preferred way of actually storing that value into a variable of type bool? Note: While mixing BOOL and bool is probably a bad idea, I think the problem will inevitably pop up whether on Windows or somewhere else, so I think this question is neither Visual-C++ nor Windows specific. Given int nBoolean; I prefer this style: bool b = nBoolean?true:false; The following might be alternatives: bool b = !!nBoolean; bool b = (nBoolean != 0); Is there a generally preferred way? Rationale? I should add: Since I only work with Visual-C++ I cannot really say if this is a VC++ specific question or if the same problem pops up with other compilers. So it would be interesting to specifically hear from g++ or users how they handle the int-bool case. Regarding Standard C++: As David Thornley notes in a comment, the C++ Standard does not require this behavior. In fact it seems to explicitly allow this, so one might consider this a VC++ weirdness. To quote the N3029 draft (which is what I have around atm.): 4.12 Boolean conversions [conv.bool] A prvalue of arithmetic, unscoped enumeration, pointer, or pointer to member type can be converted to a prvalue of type bool. A zero value, null pointer value, or null member pointer value is converted to false; any other value is converted to true. (...)

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  • how to determine if a character vector is a valid numeric or integer vector

    - by Andrew Barr
    I am trying to turn a nested list structure into a dataframe. The list looks similar to the following (it is serialized data from parsed JSON read in using the httr package). myList <- list(object1 = list(w=1, x=list(y=0.1, z="cat")), object2 = list(w=2, x=list(y=0.2, z="dog"))) unlist(myList) does a great job of recursively flattening the list, and I can then use lapply to flatten all the objects nicely. flatList <- lapply(myList, FUN= function(object) {return(as.data.frame(rbind(unlist(object))))}) And finally, I can button it up using plyr::rbind.fill myDF <- do.call(plyr::rbind.fill, flatList) str(myDF) #'data.frame': 2 obs. of 3 variables: #$ w : Factor w/ 2 levels "1","2": 1 2 #$ x.y: Factor w/ 2 levels "0.1","0.2": 1 2 #$ x.z: Factor w/ 2 levels "cat","dog": 1 2 The problem is that w and x.y are now being interpreted as character vectors, which by default get parsed as factors in the dataframe. I believe that unlist() is the culprit, but I can't figure out another way to recursively flatten the list structure. A workaround would be to post-process the dataframe, and assign data types then. What is the best way to determine if a vector is a valid numeric or integer vector?

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  • Game engine deployment strategy for the Android?

    - by Jeremy Bell
    In college, my senior project was to create a simple 2D game engine complete with a scripting language which compiled to bytecode, which was interpreted. For fun, I'd like to port the engine to android. I'm new to android development, so I'm not sure which way to go as far as deploying the engine on the phone. The easiest way I suppose would be to require the engine/interpreter to be bundled with every game that uses it. This solves any versioning issues. There are two problems with this. One: this makes each game app larger and two: I originally released the engine under the LGPL license (unfortunately), but this deployment strategy makes it difficult to conform to the rules of that license, particularly with respect to allowing users to replace the lib easily with another version. So, my other option is to somehow have the engine stand alone as an Activity or service that somehow responds to intents raised by game apps, and somehow give the engine app permissions to read the scripts and other assets to "run" the game. The user could then be able to replace the engine app with a different version (possibly one they made themselves). Is this even possible? What would you recommend? How could I handle it in a secure way?

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  • Should I strip the XML declaration from suds output before parsing with lxml?

    - by mikl
    I’m trying to implement a SOAP webservice in Python 2.6 using the suds library. That is working well, but I’ve run into a problem when trying to parse the output with lxml. Suds returns a suds.sax.text.Text object with the reply from the SOAP service. The suds.sax.text.Text class is a subclass of the Python built-in Unicode class. In essence, it would be comparable with this Python statement: u'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?><root><lotsofelements \></root>' Which is incongrous, since if the XML declaration is correct, the contents are UTF-8 encoded, and thus not a Python Unicode object (because those are stored in some internal encoding like UCS4). lxml will refuse to parse this, as documented, since there is no clear answer to what encoding it should be interpreted as. As I see it, there are two ways out of this bind: Strip the <?xml> declaration, including the encoding. Convert the output from Suds into a bytestring, using the specified encoding. Currently, the data I’m receiving from the webservice is within the ASCII-range, so either way will work, but both feels very much like ugly hacks to me, and I’m not quite sure what would happen, if I start to receive data that would need a wider range of Unicode characters. Any good ideas? I can’t imagine I’m the first one in this position…

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  • PostGreSQL - bind variables and date addition

    - by azp74
    I need to update some timestamp columns in a table in a PostGres (8.3) database. My query (simplified) look like this: update table1 set dateA = dateA + interval '10 hours' where id = 1234; This is part of a script and there's a lot to update so my preference is to use bind variables, rather than to have to build the query string each time. This means my query becomes: update table1 set dateA = dateA + interval '? hours' where id = ?; When I do this, the complaint is that I've supplied 2 bind variables when only one is required. If I try to put the ? outside the quote marks: update table1 set dateA = dateA + interval ? ' hours' where id = ?; I get: ... syntax error at or near "' hours'" It looks as though the query has been interpreted as ... dateA = dateA + interval '10' ' hours' ... I can't find anything in the documentation to help ... any suggestions? Thanks

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  • Visual Studio and .NET programming

    - by Vit
    Hi, I just want to ask wheather I am right or not about .NET. So, .NET is new framework that enables you to easily implement new and old windows functions. It is similiar to java in the way that its also compiled into "bytecode", but its name is Common Language Infrastructure, or CLI. This language is interpreted by .NET Framework, so code generated by programming using .NET cannot be executed directly by CPU. Now, few languages can be compiled to CLI. First, it was Microsoft-developed C#, than J#, C++ others. I suspect that this is in general right, at least I hope I understand it right. But, what I am still missing is, can you write to machine code compiled code in C#? And, if using Visual Studio 2005, when I select Win32 project, it is compiled into machine code, so only thing you need to run this apps are windows dynamic-link libraries, since static libraries code is implemented into app durink linking phase. And those dynamic-link libraries are implemented in every windows installation, or provided by DirectX installations. But when I select CLR in Visual Studio 2005, than app is compiled into CLI code, and it first executes .NET framework, and than .NET framework executes that program, since its not in machine code. So, I am right? I ask becouse you can read these infos on the internet, but I have noone to tell me wheather I understand it right or not. Thanks.

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  • Indices instead of pointers in STL containers?

    - by zvrba
    Due to specific requirements [*], I need a singly-linked list implementation that uses integer indices instead of pointers to link nodes. The indices are always interpreted with respect to a vector containing the list nodes. I thought I might achieve this by defining my own allocator, but looking into the gcc's implementation of , they explicitly use pointers for the link fields in the list nodes (i.e., they do not use the pointer type provided by the allocator): struct _List_node_base { _List_node_base* _M_next; ///< Self-explanatory _List_node_base* _M_prev; ///< Self-explanatory ... } (For this purpose, the allocator interface is also deficient in that it does not define a dereference function; "dereferencing" an integer index always needs a pointer to the underlying storage.) Do you know a library of STL-like data structures (i am mostly in need of singly- and doubly-linked list) that use indices (wrt. a base vector) instead of pointers to link nodes? [*] Saving space: the lists will contain many 32-bit integers. With two pointers per node (STL list is doubly-linked), the overhead is 200%, or 400% on 64-bit platform, not counting the overhead of the default allocator.

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  • Android Cursor strange behaviour

    - by sandis
    After many houres of bug searching in a big app, I have finally tracked down the bug. This logging captures the problem: Log.d(TAG,"buildList, DBresult.getInt(1): "+DBresult.getInt(1)); Log.d(TAG,"buildList, DBresult.getString(1): "+DBresult.getString(1)); Log.d(TAG,"buildList, DBresult.getInt(4): "+DBresult.getInt(4)); Log.d(TAG,"buildList, DBresult.getString(4): "+DBresult.getString(4)); The resulting output: 05-06 11:11:20.123: DEBUG/TodoList(18943): buildList, DBresult.getInt(1): 0 05-06 11:11:20.123: DEBUG/TodoList(18943): buildList, DBresult.getString(1): false 05-06 11:11:20.123: DEBUG/TodoList(18943): buildList, DBresult.getInt(4): 0 05-06 11:11:20.123: DEBUG/TodoList(18943): buildList, DBresult.getString(4): true There are no backgroung threads running. As you can see the problem is that '0' is interpreted as false on one occasion, and as true on another. Since I am completely lost on how this can happen, I dont know how to proceed. What could possibly result in such a behaviour? Both the columns are of the type "boolean", i.e a numeric in sqlite. Unfortunately the string returned is the correct value, while the integer is always 0. If I export the database to my computer and check it with SQlite Administrator I can see that the values are correctly set, it is only the getInt()-function that always returns 0. I know for a fact that this works in other apps I have coded, and I dont know why this has stopped working. I have tried compiling the code under 2.0, 2.0.1 and 2.1, and it always appears. I can make my app runnable again by getting boolean values like this: myBool= (DBresult.getString(0).equals("true")); but that is both ugly and not optimized. Any suggestions on what is causing this behaviour is welcome. Cheers,

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  • Android: Capturing the return of an activity.

    - by Chrispix
    I have a question regarding launching new activities. It boils down to this. I have 3 tabs on a view A) contains gMap activity B) camera activity C) some random text fields. Requirement is that the application runs in Portrait mode. All 3 tabs work as expected w/ the exception of the Camera Preview Surface (B). It is rotated 90 degrees. They only way to make it correct is to set the app to landscape which throws all my tabs around, and is pretty much unworkable. My solution is this : replace my camera activity with a regular activity that is empty w/ the exception of Intent i = new Intent(this,CameraActivity.class); startActivity(i); This launches my CameraActivity. And that works fine. I had to do a linear layout and include 3 images that look like real tabs, so I can try and mimic the operation of the tabs while rotating the screen to landscape and keep the visuals as portrait. The user can click one of the images(buttons) to display the next tab. This is my issue. It should exit my 'camera activity' returning to the 'blank activity' in a tab, where it should be interpreted to click the desiered tab from my image. The main thing is, when it returns, it returns to a blank (black) page under a tab (because it is 'empty'). How can I capture the return event back to the page that called the activity, and then see what action they performed? I can set an onclicklistener where I can respond to the fake tabs (images) being clicked to exit out of the camera activity. On exit, the tab should update so that is where you return. any Suggestions? Thanks,

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  • Open source real life license examples: yours or others

    - by donpal
    I'm aware of the usual list of open source licenses, so I'm not even going to list it here. What I'd like to ask is about your open source projects (whether out or planned for the future), and why you're planning to choose a certain license over the other. Basically say I went for X license because I wanted Y and that other license didn't provide it for me. I understand that the language itself can make a difference in the choice of license: interpreted languages like PHP vs. compiled languages like Java. I'm mostly interested in hearing about PHP projects, but of course additional insights are welcome. You may even have chosen that particular language for a licensing reason. Ideally I want to hear answers from people who were involved in the actual project (i.e. your own project), because that usually means you've put some thought into the license yourself and understand the implications of that license. But examples of existing projects that aren't your own are OK. Please just say why you think that license was good/bad for them. But first-hand experience is preferred. Looking forward to hearing some informative input.

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  • Easyslider content loading sooner than I would like.

    - by Jason
    I am using a jquery easyslider on a page and also pulling some rss feeds using php. Pulling the feeds is taking a long time and as a result delaying the load of the easy slider until after the feeds have been pulled in. This can be seen here: http://perksconsulting.com/dev/ I am looking for a way to display a loader image in the space where the easy slider is so the images do not appear stacked vertically for a few seconds while the php is interpreted by the server, but I have never used a loader image and am not sure how I would do that. I am currently using this script to hide the page contents until everything is loaded, but the one thing it is not hiding is the images from the easy slider: <SCRIPT TYPE="text/javascript" LANGUAGE="javascript"> function waitPreloadPage() { //DOM if (document.getElementById){ document.getElementById('prepage').style.visibility='hidden'; }else{ if (document.layers){ //NS4 document.prepage.visibility = 'hidden'; } else { //IE4 document.all.prepage.style.visibility = 'hidden'; } } } // End --> </SCRIPT> Ideally I would like to be able to display a loading image in place of the slider in the middle of the page until everything loads. Could anyone tell me how to do this? Thank you.

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  • How might one cope with the ambiguous value produced by GetDllDirectory?

    - by Integer Poet
    GetDllDirectory produces an ambiguous value. When the string this call produces is empty, it means one of the following: nobody has called SetDllDirectory somebody passed NULL to SetDllDirectory somebody passed an empty string to SetDllDirectory The first two cases are equivalent for my purposes, but the third case is a problem. If I want to write save/restore code (call GetDllDirectory to save the "old" value, SetDllDirectory to set a "new" value temporarily, and later SetDllDirectory again to restore the "old" value), I run the risk of reversing some other programmer's intent. If the other programmer intended for the current working directory to be in the DLL search order (in other words, one of the first two bullets is true), and I pass an empty string to SetDllDirectory, I will be taking the current working directory out of the DLL search order, reversing the other programmer's intent. Can anyone suggest an approach to eliminate or work around this ambiguity? P.S. I know having the current working directory in the DLL search order could be interpreted as a security hole. Nevertheless, it is the default behavior, and my code is not in a position to undo that; my code needs to be compatible with the expectations of all potential callers, many of which are large and old and beyond my control.

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  • Char C question about encoding signed/unsigned.

    - by drigoSkalWalker
    Hi guys. I read that C not define if a char is signed or unsigned, and in GCC page this says that it can be signed on x86 and unsigned in PowerPPC and ARM. Okey, I'm writing a program with GLIB that define char as gchar (not more than it, only a way for standardization). My question is, what about UTF-8? It use more than an block of memory? Say that I have a variable unsigned char *string = "My string with UTF8 enconding ~ çã"; See, if I declare my variable as unsigned I will have only 127 values (so my program will to store more blocks of mem) or the UTF-8 change to negative too? Sorry if I can't explain it correctly, but I think that i is a bit complex. NOTE: Thanks for all answer I don't understand how it is interpreted normally. I think that like ascii, if I have a signed and unsigned char on my program, the strings have diferently values, and it leads to confuse, imagine it in utf8 so.

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  • Manipulating a NSTextField via AppleScript

    - by Garry
    A little side project I'm working on is a digital life assistant, much like project JARVIS. What I'm trying to do is speak to my mac, have my words translated to text and then have the text interpreted by my program. Currently, my app is very simple, consisting of a single window containing a single wrapped NSTextView. Using MacSpeech Dictate, When I say the custom command "Jeeves", MacSpeech ensures that my app is frontmost, highlights any text in the TextField and clears it, then presses the Return key to trigger the textDidEndEditing method of NSTextField. This is done via Applescript. MacSpeech then switches to dictation mode and the next sentence I say will appear in the NSTextField. What I can't figure out is how to signify that I have finished saying a command to my program. I could simply say another keyword like "execute" or something similar that would send an AppleScript return keystroke to my app (thereby triggering the textDidEndEditing event) but this is cumbersome. Is there a notification that happens when text is pasted into a NSTextField? Would a timer work that would fire after maybe three seconds once my program becomes frontmost (three seconds should be sufficient for me to say a command)? Thanks,

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  • JavaScript automatically converts some special characters

    - by noplacetoh1de
    I need to extract a HTML-Substring with JS which is position dependent. I store special characters HTML-encoded. For example: HTML <div id="test"><p>l&ouml;sen &amp; gr&uuml;&szlig;en</p></div>? Text lösen & grüßen My problem lies in the JS-part, for example when I try to extract the fragment lö, which has the HTML-dependent starting position of 3 and the end position of 9 inside the <div> block. JS seems to convert some special characters internally so that the count from 3 to 9 is wrongly interpreted as "lösen " and not "l&ouml;". Other special characters like the &amp; are not affected by this. So my question is, if someone knows why JS is behaving in that way? Characters like &auml; or &ouml; are being converted while characters like &amp; or &nbsp; are plain. Is there any possibility to avoid this conversion? I've set up a fiddle to demonstrate this: JSFiddle Thanks for any help! EDIT: Maybe I've explained it a bit confusing, sorry for that. What I want is the HTML: <p>l&ouml;sen &amp; gr&uuml;&szlig;en</p> . Every special character should be unconverted, except the HTML-Tags. Like in the HTML above. But JS converts the &ouml; or &uuml; into ö or ü automatically, what I need to avoid.

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  • Why does this Haskell code produce the "infinite type" error?

    - by Charlie Flowers
    I am new to Haskell and facing a "cannot construct infinite type" error that I cannot make sense of. In fact, beyond that, I have not been able to find a good explanation of what this error even means, so if you could go beyond my basic question and explain the "infinite type" error, I'd really appreciate it. Here's the code: intersperse :: a -> [[a]] -> [a] -- intersperse '*' ["foo","bar","baz","quux"] -- should produce the following: -- "foo*bar*baz*quux" -- intersperse -99 [ [1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]] -- should produce the following: -- [1,2,3,-99,4,5,6,-99,7,8,9] intersperse _ [] = [] intersperse _ [x] = x intersperse s (x:y:xs) = x:s:y:intersperse s xs And here's the error trying to load it into the interpreter: Prelude :load ./chapter.3.ending.real.world.haskell.exercises.hs [1 of 1] Compiling Main ( chapter.3.ending.real.world.haskell.exercises.hs, interpreted ) chapter.3.ending.real.world.haskell.exercises.hs:147:0: Occurs check: cannot construct the infinite type: a = [a] When generalising the type(s) for `intersperse' Failed, modules loaded: none. Thanks. EDIT: Thanks to the responses, I have corrected the code and I also have a general guideline for dealing with the "infinite type" error in Haskell: Corrected code intersperse _ [] = [] intersperse _ [x] = x intersperse s (x:xs) = x ++ s:intersperse s xs What the problem was: My type signature states that the second parameter to intersperse is a list of lists. Therefore, when I pattern matched against "s (x:y:xs)", x and y became lists. And yet I was treating x and y as elements, not lists. Guideline for dealing with the "infinite type" error: Most of the time, when you get this error, you have forgotten the types of the various variables you're dealing with, and you have attempted to use a variable as if it were some other type than what it is. Look carefully at what type everything is versus how you're using it, and this will usually uncover the problem.

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