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• What do we log and why do we log it?

  - by Lucas

  This has been bugging me for quite some time. Reading various questions on SO, blogs and listening to colleagues, I keep hearing how important "logging" is. How various logging frameworks stack up against each other, and how there are so many to pick from it's (apparently) ridiculous. Now, I know what logging is. What I don't know is what is supposed to be logged and why. Sure, I can guess. Exceptions? Sounds like something one might want to log... but which exceptions? And is it only exceptions? And what do I do with the logged information? If it's an in-house app, then that could probably be put to good use, but if it's a commercial desktop application, how is the log of... whatever... helping anyone? I doubt regular users would be peeking inside. Is it then something you ask the users to provide on request? I'm deeply frustrated by my own ignorance in this. It's also surprising how little information there is about this. The info on the websites of the various logging frameworks is all written for an audience that already knows what it wants to log, and knows why it needs to do so. Same things goes for the various discussions on SO about logging, like for instance this highly voted up question on Logging best practices. For a question with so many votes, it's almost comical how there's next to nothing in there that would answer my what and why questions. So being finally fed up, I'm asking here: what do people log, and why do they log it?

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• Apache logs: "::1 ... "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0" 200 -

  - by Meltemi

  Just looking at logs of a not-so-busy site on one of our Apache servers and notice tons of these in the log: ::1 - - [15/Apr/2011:12:11:40 -0700] "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0" 200 - ::1 - - [15/Apr/2011:12:11:41 -0700] "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0" 200 - ::1 - - [15/Apr/2011:12:11:44 -0700] "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0" 200 - They seem to appear multiple times just below the GET requests where Apache has served a page & its related images. what do they mean? what IP is "::1"? if they're benign can I suppress them?

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• Exception Handling Frequency/Log Detail

  - by Cyborgx37

  I am working on a fairly complex .NET application that interacts with another application. Many single-line statements are possible culprits for throwing an Exception and there is often nothing I can do to check the state before executing them to prevent these Exceptions. The question is, based on best practices and seasoned experience, how frequently should I lace my code with try/catch blocks? I've listed three examples below, but I'm open to any advice. I'm really hoping to get some pros/cons of various approaches. I can certainly come up with some of my own (greater log granularity for the O-C approach, better performance for the Monolithic approach), so I'm looking for experience over opinion. EDIT: I should add that this application is a batch program. The only "recovery" necessary in most cases is to log the error, clean up gracefully, and quit. So this could be seen to be as much a question of log granularity as exception handling. In my mind's eye I can imagine good reasons for both, so I'm looking for some general advice to help me find an appropriate balance. Monolitich Approach class Program{ public static void Main(){ try{ Step1(); Step2(); Step3(); } catch (Exception e) { Log(e); } finally { CleanUp(); } } public static void Step1(){ ExternalApp.Dangerous1(); ExternalApp.Dangerous2(); } public static void Step2(){ ExternalApp.Dangerous3(); ExternalApp.Dangerous4(); } public static void Step3(){ ExternalApp.Dangerous5(); ExternalApp.Dangerous6(); } } Delegated Approach class Program{ public static void Main(){ try{ Step1(); Step2(); Step3(); } finally { CleanUp(); } } public static void Step1(){ try{ ExternalApp.Dangerous1(); ExternalApp.Dangerous2(); } catch (Exception e) { Log(e); throw; } } public static void Step2(){ try{ ExternalApp.Dangerous3(); ExternalApp.Dangerous4(); } catch (Exception e) { Log(e); throw; } } public static void Step3(){ try{ ExternalApp.Dangerous5(); ExternalApp.Dangerous6(); } catch (Exception e) { Log(e); throw; } } } Obsessive-Compulsive Approach class Program{ public static void Main(){ try{ Step1(); Step2(); Step3(); } finally { CleanUp(); } } public static void Step1(){ try{ ExternalApp.Dangerous1(); } catch (Exception e) { Log(e); throw; } try{ ExternalApp.Dangerous2(); } catch (Exception e) { Log(e); throw; } } public static void Step2(){ try{ ExternalApp.Dangerous3(); } catch (Exception e) { Log(e); throw; } try{ ExternalApp.Dangerous4(); } catch (Exception e) { Log(e); throw; } } public static void Step3(){ try{ ExternalApp.Dangerous5(); } catch (Exception e) { Log(e); throw; } try{ ExternalApp.Dangerous6(); } catch (Exception e) { Log(e); throw; } } } Other approaches welcomed and encouraged. Above are examples only.

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• Exit link tracking with timestamped logs on 3rd party content

  - by dandv

  I want to track clicks on exit links, that are placed in 3rd party content, for example on Twitter. I also need the timestamps of the clicks. Google Analytics can't be embedded in 3rd party content. Another solution is to use a URL shortener like bit.ly. However, bit.ly or goo.gl don't log the time of the click with any better granularity than a full day. su.pr shows the time for the past day in its analytics graph. The analytics download only includes the day, not the time. cli.gs was touted as having the most detailed analytics, yet it doesn't show the time either, and forces the user through a preview page. Any ideas?

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• Why are Awstats, Webalizer, and Google Analytics results so different?

  - by Matt

  I realize that comparing Awstats and Webalizer to Google Analytics is like comparing apples to oranges, but each of them track at least basic statistics about visitors and pages. So why are there often very significant differences in their data? For example, comparing Analytics with Awstats using some numbers from a small site over the past week: Awstats 78 unique visitors 205 visits (2.62 visits/visitor) 1,072 pages (5.22 pages/visit) Google Analytics 115 unique visitors 240 visits (2.08 visits/visitor) 1,275 pages (5.31 pages/visit) They're similar on the number of visits, but page views and uniques are quite different. I'm familiar with discrepancies of a much higher magnitude on some larger sites, showing that this trend scales proportionally upward. What is the reason behind the different numbers, even when the data is quite trivial like unique visitors and page loads?

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• Why "object reference not set to an instance of an object" doesn't tell us which object?

  - by Saeed Neamati

  We're launching a system, and we sometimes get the famous exception NullReferenceException with the message Object reference not set to an instance of an object. However, in a method where we have almost 20 objects, having a log which says an object is null, is really of no use at all. It's like telling you, when you are the security agent of a seminar, that a man among 100 attendees is a terrorist. That's really of no use to you at all. You should get more information, if you want to detect which man is the threatening man. Likewise, if we want to remove the bug, we do need to know which object is null. Now, something has obsessed my mind for several months, and that is: Why .NET doesn't give us the name, or at least the type of the object reference, which is null?. Can't it understand the type from reflection or any other source? Also, what are the best practices to understand which object is null? Should we always test nullability of objects in these contexts manually and log the result? Is there a better way?

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• AWStats configuration issue [on hold]

  - by Dan

  I have a an Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS server in which i host my website. The website is in Drupal. I tried to set up AWStats for my website but it is giving a lot of problems. I followed this link - http://www.sysadminworld.com/2011/set-up-awstats-on-ubuntu/ But I am confused about the domain name that needs to be given. The website can be accessed from http://xyz.com but the actual link is http://xyz.abc-def.com/root-folder. What is the domain name in this case? So what should be the name of the conf file then?

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• DTLoggedExec 1.0 Stable Released!

  - by Davide Mauri

  After serveral years of development I’ve finally released the first non-beta version of DTLoggedExec! I’m now very confident that the product is stable and solid and has all the feature that are important to have (at least for me). DTLoggedExec 1.0 http://dtloggedexec.codeplex.com/releases/view/44689 Here’s the release notes: FIRST NON-BETA RELEASE! :) Code cleaned up Added SetPackageInfo method to ILogProvider interface to make easier future improvements Deprecated the arguments 'ProfileDataFlow', 'ProfilePath', 'ProfileFileName' Added the new argument 'ProfileDataFlowFileName' that replaces the old 'ProfileDataFlow', 'ProfilePath', 'ProfileFileName' arguments Updated database scripts to support new reports Split releases in three different packages for easier maintenance and updates: DTLoggedExec Executable, Samples & Reports Fixed Issue #25738 (http://dtloggedexec.codeplex.com/WorkItem/View.aspx?WorkItemId=25738) Fixed Issue #26479 (http://dtloggedexec.codeplex.com/WorkItem/View.aspx?WorkItemId=26479) To make things easier to maintain I’ve divided the original package in three different releases. One is the DTLoggedExec executable; samples and reports are now available in separate packages so that I can update them more frequently without having to touch the engine. Source code of everything is available through Source Code Control: http://dtloggedexec.codeplex.com/SourceControl/list/changesets As usual, comments and feebacks are more than welcome! (Just use Codeplex, please, so it will be easier for me to keep track of requests and issues) Share this post: email it! | bookmark it! | digg it! | reddit! | kick it! | live it!

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• Logs are written to *.log.1 instead of *.log

  - by funkadelic

  For some reason my log files are writing to the *.log.1 files instead of the *.log files, e.g. for my Postfix log files it is writing to /var/log/mail.log.1 and not /var/log/mail.log as expected. Same goes for mail.err. It looks like it's also doing it for auth.log and syslog. Here is a ls -lt snippet of my /var/log directory, showing the more recently touched log files in reverse chronological order -rw-r----- 1 syslog adm 4608882 Dec 18 12:12 auth.log.1 -rw-r----- 1 syslog adm 4445258 Dec 18 12:12 syslog.1 -rw-r----- 1 syslog adm 2687708 Dec 18 12:11 mail.log.1 -rw-r----- 1 root adm 223033 Dec 18 12:04 denyhosts -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 56631 Dec 18 11:40 dpkg.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 292584 Dec 18 11:39 lastlog -rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 9216 Dec 18 11:39 wtmp ... And ls -l mail.log*: -rw-r----- 1 syslog adm 0 Dec 16 06:31 mail.log -rw-r----- 1 syslog adm 2699809 Dec 18 12:28 mail.log.1 -rw-r----- 1 syslog adm 331704 Dec 9 06:45 mail.log.2.gz -rw-r----- 1 syslog adm 235751 Dec 2 06:40 mail.log.3.gz Is there something that is misconfigured? I tried restarting postfix and it still wrote to mail.log.1 afterwards (same with a postix stop; postfix start, too).

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• Apache log analyzer which manages time spent to serve the request

  - by antispam

  I need to monitor performance in my web server (there's an application server in the back) and create reports for senior management. I've enabled %T/%D in my Apache logs and I would like to know if there's an Apache log analyzer or some other tool which parses these values and manages them showing charts or reports. I am looking mostly for an integrated solution and not in the line of awk+gnuplot scripts.

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• Apache (XAMPP 1.8.0) access.log/Intrusion Detection Concern

  - by Andy Holaday

  [I originally posted on SO but it earned me a Tumbleweed badge. This looks like a better venue for the question.] I have Apache (XAMPP 1.8.0) running on Vista Pro x64. A couple times now I have seen a pattern like the example below in access.log. Concerning is the "attack" seems to somehow shift from a public IP to a valid private IP on my network (happens to be the WAN address of one of my routers). Two questions: How is this possible, and what happens if the "attacker" stumbles on a valid request? I've googled this to no avail. 177.0.X.X - - [03/Jun/2012:08:19:34 -0400] "GET /phpMyAdmin-2.5.4/index.php HTTP/1.1" 403 177.0.X.X - - [03/Jun/2012:08:19:34 -0400] "GET /phpMyAdmin-2.5.5-rc1/index.php HTTP/1.1" 403 177.0.X.X - - [03/Jun/2012:08:19:34 -0400] "GET /phpMyAdmin-2.2.6/index.php HTTP/1.1" 403 177.0.X.X - - [03/Jun/2012:08:19:34 -0400] "GET /phpMyAdmin-2.5.5-rc2/index.php HTTP/1.1" 403 192.168.15.3 - - [03/Jun/2012:08:19:56 -0400] "GET /phpMyAdmin-2.5.6-rc2/index.php HTTP/1.1" 403 177.0.X.X - - [03/Jun/2012:08:19:56 -0400] "GET /phpMyAdmin-2.5.6-rc1/index.php HTTP/1.1" 403 177.0.X.X - - [03/Jun/2012:08:19:56 -0400] "GET /phpMyAdmin-2.5.5-pl1/index.php HTTP/1.1" 403 192.168.15.3 - - [03/Jun/2012:08:19:59 -0400] "GET /phpMyAdmin-2.5.7/index.php HTTP/1.1" 403 192.168.15.3 - - [03/Jun/2012:08:20:01 -0400] "GET /phpMyAdmin-2.5.7-pl1/index.php HTTP/1.1" 403 192.168.15.3 - - [03/Jun/2012:08:20:02 -0400] "GET HTTP/1.1" 400 1060 "-" "-"

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• tail-like view on HTML logfiles

  - by h0b0

  I'm working on an application that creates HTML log files. I'm tired of having to manually reload and scroll to the bottom in the browser to see the latest entries. A solution that does not really satisfy me is using the Firefox plugins ReloadEvery and ScrollyFox. In many situations reloading frequency and scrolling speed are just to slow. Of course I could actually use tail, but I would prefer a rendered HTML page. Do you have any suggestions? Firefox extensions are preferred, but any other tip is appreciated, too.

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• Log incoming requests

  - by Maxim Eliseev

  We have Tomcat running on Ubuntu server. It runs a web service, open to the internet. Sometimes it has sudden spike of traffic and goes down. There is nothing unusual in Tomcat access logs. I guess because some of the requests are so 'heavy' that they never finish and hence are not recorded to Tomcat access logs. Is there a way to configure Ubuntu to log incoming requests in the following format (below)? Date, Time, URL (with query string params), IP address (of client) There should be one line per request. Each request should be logged before it is executed. Only incoming requests to ports 80 and 443 should be logged.

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• How can I find out which user deleted a directory?

  - by Rob S.

  My Ubuntu server has about roughly 30 active users on it. I personally know everyone using the server. Recently, a few friends and I were working on project. We made a new directory for the project and since everyone knows everyone we didn't bother protecting our work under a bunch of permissions. We should have though, because we woke up this morning to find that someone removed our entire directory. Our work is backed up every night so it's really not a big deal to restore our work. However, we would like to find out who removed it so we can confront them. So far the best thing we've come up with for finding our culprit is checking everyone's bash history but this is long and tedious and chances are that if there was a malicious intent behind the directory removal that our culprit probably modified theirs to cover their tracks (or of course they might use a different shell). So, basically, what is the easiest and quickest way to find out who deleted a directory? Thanks in advance for your time.

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• AWStats: cannot access /var/log/apache2/access.log

  - by Joril

  I installed awstats on my new Ubuntu Lucid server, but when cron tries to run it as user www-data, it complains that cannot access /var/log/apache2/access.log: Permission denied. In /usr/share/doc/awstats/README.Debian there's this paragraph: By default Apache stores (since version 1.3.22-1) logfiles with uid=root and gid=adm, so you need to either... 1) Change the rights of the logfiles in /etc/logrotate.d/apache so that www-data has at least read access. 2) As 1) but change to a specific user, and use the suEXEC feature of Apache to run as same user (and either change the right of /var/lib/awstats as well or use another directory). This is more complicated, but then the logs are not generally accessible to the server (which was probably the point of the Apache default). 3) Change awstats.pl to group adm (but beware that you are then taking the risk of allowing a CGI-script access to admin stuff on the machine!). I'd go with 1, but what are the recommended permissions to grant?

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• Generic log analyzer that produces reports

  - by Eugene

  About 600 customers use our application. We have very detailed logs for everything that happens in the application, from changes in the data model, memory and CPU/GPU usage to clicks on the UI elements. We want to be able to parse the logs coming from these customers and analyze them to understand how users use our application and what happens internally in the application. Is there a log analyzer that can produce such reports automatically?

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• tail stops displaying in case of a log rotation

  - by Rudy Vissers

  I have to tail the log of a server (servicemix) and the log rotation is enabled. As soon as the rotation happens, tail stops displaying. I did some investigations and it is a bug in Debian : Debian Bug Report. The bug has been around for a long time ago. Does anyone knows if this bug in Ubuntu is to be fixed? I'm on Ubuntu 12.04 64 bit. I don't have to mention that this bug is total hell! Every time I have the problem, I have to interrupt the command tail and re-execute the command!

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• Log oddities: 404s for client-garbled image URLs

  - by Chris Adams

  I've noticed some odd 404s which appear to be broken URL rewriting code: Our deep zoom view generates images URLs like this: /media/204/service/dzi/1/1_files/7/0_0.jpg I see some - well under <1% - requests for slightly altered URLs: /media/204/s/rvice/d/i/1/1_files/7/0_0.jpg These requests come from IP addresses all over the world (US, Canada, China, Russia, India, Israel, etc.), desktop and mobile users with multiple user-agents (Chrome, IE, Firefox, Mobile Safari, etc.), and there is plenty of normal activity in the same session so I'm assuming this is either widespread malware or some broken proxy service. I have not seen them from anything other than images, which suggests that this may be some sort of content filter. Has anyone else seen this? My CDN logs show the first request on June 8th ramping up from several dozen to several hundred per day.

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• Why does PHP create these log entries on every page access?

  - by HXCaine

  My server's error log (in cPanel) has an entry for every single time a PHP page is loaded that looks like this (where 'username' has been substituted for my actual username): [2012-06-09 09:02:07]: info: [usr/grp]: username/username cmd: /home/username/public_html/error.php php: /usr/local/php53/bin/php I know it's only an 'info' message but it's filling up my error log. It can't be related to the content of my PHP files because it even happens when I load a page with this as its content: <?php phpinfo(); ?> Any ideas on what it means or if I can get rid of it?

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• What is the best way to track / record the current programming project you work on? [duplicate]

  - by user2424160

  This question already has an answer here: Methodology for Documenting Existing Code Base 6 answers When do you start documenting the code? 13 answers Where should a programmer explain the extended logic behind the code? 5 answers I have been in this problem for long time and I want to know how it's done in real / big companies project? Suppose I have the project to build a website. Now I divide the project into sub tasks and do it. But you know that suppose I have task1 in hand like export the page to pdf. Now I spend 3 days to do that , came across various problems, many Stack Overflow questions and in the end I solve it. Now 4 months after someone told me that there is some error in the code. Now by that I completely forgot about (60%) of how I did it and why I do this way. I document the code but I can't write the whole story of that in the code. Then I have to spend much time on code to find what was the problem so that I added this line etc. I want to know that is there any way that i can log steps in completing the project. So that I can see how I end up with code, what errors I got, what questions I asked on SO and etc. How people do it in real time? Which software to use? I know in our project management software called JIRA we have tasks but that does not cover what steps I took to solve that tasks. What is the best way so that when I look back at my 2 year old project, I know how I solve particular task?

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• Is it possible to use Google Analytics to track file downloads?

  - by Eric Falsken

  It's always bothered me that Google Analytics (and similar embedded web traffic monitoring services) can only see a reflection of the traffic going to my server and can only see page visits since it depends on the browser executing a Javascript snippet. If I want to track real downloads of a software package (ZIP file), there's no way Google Analytics can possibly tell me that because its javascript can't be attached to a ZIP file. Is there a way I can upload my log files to Google so that the pointy-haired boss can see downloads of our ZIP/PDF/BIN files and not just visits to the download page?

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• Best Creational Pattern for loggers in a multi-threaded system?

  - by Dipan Mehta

  This is a follow up question on my past questions : Concurrency pattern of logger in multithreaded application As suggested by others, I am putting this question separately. As the learning from the last question. In a multi-threaded environment, the logger should be made thread safe and probably asynchronous (where in messages are queued while a background thread does writing releasing the requesting object thread). The logger could be signleton or it can be a per-group logger which is a generalization of the above. Now, the question that arise is how does logger should be assigned to the object? There are two options I can think of: 1. Object requesting for the logger: Should each of the object call some global API such as get_logger()? Such an API returns "the" singleton or the group logger. However, I feel this involves assumption about the Application environment to implement the logger -which I think is some kind of coupling. If the same object needs to be used by other application - this new application also need to implement such a method. 2. Assign logger through some known API The other alternative approach is to create a kind of virtual class which is implemented by application based on App's own structure and assign the object sometime in the constructor. This is more generalized method. Unfortunately, when there are so many objects - and rather a tree of objects passing on the logger objects to each level is quite messy. My question is there a better way to do this? If you need to pick any one of the above, which approach is would you pick and why? Other questions remain open about how to configure them: How do objects' names or ID are assigned so that will be used for printing on the log messages (as the module names) How do these objects find the appropriate properties (such as log levels, and other such parameters) In the first approach, the central API needs to deal with all this varieties. In the second approach - there needs to be additional work. Hence, I want to understand from the real experience of people, as to how to write logger effectively in such an environment.

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• Garbled text in server logs

  - by Glenn Dayton

  I recently looked over my server's logs and I found a bunch of garbled text. Here is a link to the full log, and here is a snapshot of what it looks like: ¹^œÌÓûFF™ÃŒ-ôÚÏàÃÒNRs§cÝi ~F#J"|³Ôq0ã~QQbA ¼¹¦’š¶É3œßå<ú€Ç©XAwdL?R°ÝbÒt©ôÇ·Æ…÷q˜ÇѺ| Þ,߯¡Êr yR¤Q¹Jêlš‘AzP\ ¦ÂY„ÉÉ,æ™ U™»ì³ÔÝáCÿ42‹Ö.nŽÉ2%ÓN8i4Œ®¿‘•"-se•äŽ¿ÊÁ§€þ 8åv%'#Äpžs/ÙÍ:¡1ÑÖÃå ºu|Q®!ÏyÆ,­NR@¶ËȯRDkã=ÿÀܸ ›¼Ô ’ð>ÓÌBftdÃ8–é}‰[øbãÝÁ嘲b¾W n´tT­œpäNëëÔ ·RUÓP+ÅuKÁ£¬\âÌ®:J<ÍÁ0:Q%ª(Œ˜E-ÁI:ï™4®hæœT†«);°Çda@´#èì}‡£ü•{57ý]¼|øÓñð÷ÈÌð‡MkŠâ•C~$Óô#ÙV¾Núå.#Á]vôžóæ» V&8)%øVSž“±ÔQLåÓý1–ŽÃßQ$¹ýž")ÈûQcÄý_ÔüGP=s‹vq#Pmoo.tigertutorialscomµÐOKÃ0ð»Ÿâ‘ØH“ What is this? and is someone trying to do something to my website?

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• Is there a modern (eg NoSQL) web analytics solution based on log files?

  - by Martin

  I have been using Awstats for many years to process my log files. But I am missing many possibilities (like cross-domain reports) and I hate being stuck with extra fields I created years ago. Anyway, I am not going to continue to use this script. Is there a modern apache logs analytics solution based on modern storage technologies like NoSQL or at least somehow ready to cope with large datasets efficiently? I am primarily looking for something that generates nice sortable and searchable outputs with the focus on web analytics, before having to write my own frontends. (so graylog2 is not an option) This question is purely about log file based solutions.

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• Which logfile(s) log(s) errors reading a cd?

  - by Robert Vila

  I introduce a CD-RW, maybe blank (I really don't know), and after a little movement inside the reader, the CD is ejected without any message at all. I would like to know what is going on and the reason why it is ejected. How can I know that in Natty. The CD reader is working OK because I can read other CD's. It only gave me problems writing from Natty, a few days ago, but with MacOS there was no problem. Thank you Edit: Maybe there is no error, but then, how can I know what is in the Cd if there is anything?

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