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  • Use of 'super' keyword when accessing non-overridden superclass methods

    - by jonny
    I'm trying to get the hang of inheritance in Java and have learnt that when overriding methods (and hiding fields) in sub classes, they can still be accessed from the super class by using the 'super' keyword. What I want to know is, should the 'super' keyword be used for non-overridden methods? Is there any difference (for non-overridden methods / non-hidden fields)? I've put together an example below. public class Vehicle { public int tyreCost; public Vehicle(int tyreCost) { this.tyreCost = tyreCost; } public int getTyreCost() { return tyreCost; } } and public class Car extends Vehicle { public int wheelCount; public Vehicle(int tyreCost, int wheelCount) { super(tyreCost); this.wheelCount = wheelCount; } public int getTotalTyreReplacementCost() { return getTyreCost() * wheelCount; } } Specifically, given that getTyreCost() hasn't been overridden, should getTotalTyreReplacementCost() use getTyreCost(), or super.getTyreCost() ? I'm wondering whether super should be used in all instances where fields or methods of the superclass are accessed (to show in the code that you are accessing the superclass), or only in the overridden/hidden ones (so they stand out).

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  • What are the interets of synthetic methods?

    - by romaintaz
    Problem One friend suggested an interesting problem. Given the following code: public class OuterClass { private String message = "Hello World"; private class InnerClass { private String getMessage() { return message; } } } From an external class, how may I print the message variable content? Of course, changing the accessibility of methods or fields is not allowed. (the source here, but it is a french blog) Solution The code to solve this problem is the following: try { Method m = OuterClass.class.getDeclaredMethod("access$000", OuterClass.class); OuterClass outerClass = new OuterClass(); System.out.println(m.invoke(outerClass, outerClass)); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Note that the access$000 method name is not really standard (even if this format is the one that is strongly recommanded), and some JVM will name this method access$0. Thus, a better solution is to check for synthetic methods: Method method = null; int i = 0; while ((method == null) && (i < OuterClass.class.getDeclaredMethods().length)) { if (OuterClass.class.getDeclaredMethods()[i].isSynthetic()) { method = OuterClass.class.getDeclaredMethods()[i]; } i++; } if (method != null) { try { System.out.println(method.invoke(null, new OuterClass())); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } So the interesting point in this problem is to highlight the use of synthetic methods. With these methods, I can access a private field as it was done in the solution. Of course, I need to use reflection, and I think that the use of this kind of thing can be quite dangerous... Question What is the interest - for me, as a developer - of a synthetic method? What can be a good situation where using the synthetic can be useful?

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  • auto-document exceptions on methods in C#/.NET

    - by Sarah Vessels
    I would like some tool, preferably one that plugs into VS 2008/2010, that will go through my methods and add XML comments about the possible exceptions they can throw. I don't want the <summary> or other XML tags to be generated for me because I'll fill those out myself, but it would be nice if even on private/protected methods I could see which exceptions could be thrown. Otherwise I find myself going through the methods and hovering on all the method calls within them to see the list of exceptions, then updating that method's <exception list to include those. Maybe a VS macro could do this? From this: private static string getConfigFilePath() { return Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, CONFIG_FILE); } To this: /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException"/> /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException"/> /// <exception cref="System.IO.IOException"/> /// <exception cref="System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException"/> /// <exception cref="System.Security.SecurityException"/> private static string getConfigFilePath() { return Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, CONFIG_FILE); } Update: it seems like the tool would have to go through the methods recursively, e.g., method1 calls method2 which calls method3 which is documented as throwing NullReferenceException, so both method2 and method1 are documented by the tool as also throwing NullReferenceException. The tool would also need to eliminate duplicates, like if two calls within a method are documented as throwing DirectoryNotFoundException, the method would only list <exception cref="System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException"/> once.

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  • Using separate model methods to manage transactions

    - by DCrystal
    If i’ve got 2(or more) model methods which do (for example, in billing system) enrolling/withdrawing, and one controller’s method that calls 2(or more) of these model methods. Is it a good way(maybe, any suggestions how to do it better) to write/use 2model methods like these: public function start_transaction(){ $this->db->trans_start(); } public function end_transaction(){ $this->db->trans_complete(); } And call in controller’s method: public function smth(){ //something $this->model->start_transaction(); $this->model->enroll(); //something else $this->model->withdraw(); $this->model->end_transaction(); } Will transaction be reversed, if model's withdraw() method fails? Thanks.

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  • How to use Railroad to create a models diagram that show methods

    - by SeeBees
    Railroad is a great UML tool for Ruby on Rails. It can automatically generate class diagrams of models and controllers. For models, a railroad-generated class diagram shows attributes of each model and the associations between one model and another. A sample diagram can be found here. It is very useful for a developer to see attributes and associations of models. While attributes and associations reveal the inner states and relationships of models, methods specify their behaviours. They are all desirable in a class diagram. I would like railroad to generate a class diagram that also lists methods for models, which will help me to know what each model does. I know methods are displayed in a diagram that is generated for controllers, but I don't see such an option for a diagram of models. Does someone know how to do that with railroad? Or is that possible? Thanks!

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  • NDepend query methods/types in framework assembly being used by other assemblies/types

    - by icelava
    I am trying to determine which types or methods in a base framework assembly are being used by other assemblies in the application system. I cannot seem to find a straight-cut query to do that. What i have to do is first determine which assemblies are directly using the framework assembly, then manually list them in a second query SELECT TYPES FROM ASSEMBLIES "IBM.Data.DB2" WHERE IsDirectlyUsedBy "ASSEMBLY:FirstDirectUsedByAssebmly" OR IsDirectlyUsedBy "ASSEMBLY:SecondDirectUsedByAssebmly" OR IsDirectlyUsedBy "ASSEMBLY:ThirdDirectUsedByAssebmly" OR IsDirectlyUsedBy "ASSEMBLY:FourthDirectUsedByAssebmly" Is there a better/faster way to query for this? Additionally, the query results are focused on the matched types only. The Dependency graph or matrix exported only shows details of those. I do not know how to render a graph that shows those types or methods plus show the dependent types/methods from other assemblies that are consuming them?

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  • Where to put reusable methods for access by controllers in rails

    - by 99miles
    I have several methods I call from my controllers that feel like they should be pulled out and put into a reusable class, outside of the controller. Where do people usually put this stuff? I know I can put them into my ApplicationController, but that doesn't seem to be a great solution if I think I can use these methods later in other applications. Also, I have a bunch of utility methods in my controllers that likely won't be used in other controllers, or in the future at all, but I feel like they just bloat my controller a bit. Do people usually move these out someplace for cleanliness or just end up with a huge controller? I'm coming from Java and Actionscript where I'd just create new util classes for this stuff.

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  • Tools to create class methods interaction diagram

    - by nightcoder
    Let's say I have a MyClass class, with various methods, and let's say that method MyClass.A() calls methods MyClass.B() which calls MyClass.C(). Method MyClass.A() also calls MyClass.D() which also calls MyClass.C() and so on :) Is there any tool to visualize this as a diagram? UPD. I see NDepend can do what I need but it costs too much when I just need to build methods dependency graph and trial limitations are too big (I can't zoom the graph and I can't see anything on a small resulted graph without being able to zoom). So, I'm still looking for alternatives - it should be free or not expensive tool.

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  • Groovy MetaClass - Add category methods to appropriate metaClasses

    - by noah
    I have several categories that I use in my Grails plugin. e.g., class Foo { static foo(ClassA a,Object someArg) { ... } static bar(ClassB b,Object... someArgs) { ... } } I'm looking for the best way to add these methods to the meta-classes so that I don't have to use the category classes and can just invoke them as instance methods. e.g., aInstance.foo(someArg) bInstance.bar(someArgs) Is there a Groovy/Grails class or method that will help me do this or am I stuck iterating through the methods and adding them all myself?

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  • Onshore work methods V Offshore Supplier work methods - how to strike a balance?

    - by LadyCoconut
    Any advice on the best way to strike a balance between the work methods of an offshore supplier and the work methods of a new onshore team? We have an offshore supplier with about 2 years who have their own working practices and methods. I was bought in as the first onshore developer for my company with the view to vetting the code that comes in and putting together some best practices. Now from what I've seen there are lots of holes in their process (e.g. estimation, planning, code reviews, coding standards from about 10 years ago, no concept of mocking, refactoring etc). I need to be seen as a problem solver and not a problem creator but also I need to try and be somewhat forceful of what they are doing needs improving and at the end of the day they are a supplier. I would appreciate any advice. Thanks.

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  • Methods in super that will be subclassed anyway (Cocoa)

    - by Michael Matheus
    Sorry if this is a repost but I couldn't quite search for it because I can't explain it in a few words. I have a super class with lots of methods but they will always (not all of them) be subclassed. From the super I need to access (read only) those methods. I could either leave the methods in super empty or I could just not type them in super but call them anyway like so [self myMethod] and it will call my subclassed method even if it doesn't exist in super. This works but Xcode gives me an error though. 'superclass' may not respond to '-subclassmethod' What should I do?

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  • Helper functions & prototype methods to replace heavy frameworks?

    - by Rob
    All frameworks aside, what are some of the common helper functions/prototype methods you use on a daily basis? Please note I am not arguing against frameworks. I've simply found that the majority of what I do on a daily basis can, most often, be done with a few dozen Array, String and Element.prototype methods. With the addition of a few helper functions like $ (getElementsById) and $$$ (getElementsByClass), I am able to satisfy some of the core benefits, however basic, of a much heavier framework. If you were to collect a small library of basic methods and functions to replace the core functionality of some of the popular frameworks, what would they be?

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  • arguments into instance methods in ruby

    - by aharon
    So, I'd like to be able to make a call x = MyClass.new('good morning', 'good afternoon', 'good evening', 'good night', ['hello', 'goodbye']) that would add methods to the class whose values are the values of the arguments. So now: p x.methods #> [m_greeting, a_greeting, e_greeting, n_greeting, r_greeting, ...] And p x.m_greeting #> "good morning" p x.r_greeting #> ['hello', 'goodbye'] I realize that this is sort of what instance variables are to do (and that if I wanted them immutable I could make them frozen constants) but, for reasons beyond my control, I need to make methods instead. Thanks!

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  • Delegate methods of NSTextField using NSNotification

    - by hekevintran
    I have an NSTokenField in a window. I am using it to store tags related to a Core Data object. Right now I have it set up such that I can add tags to the objects, but I cannot delete them. I need a delegate method on the NSTokenField that can let me know when the user has moved the focus out of the NSTokenField. Since NSTokenField is a subclass of NSTextField I figured that I could use its delegate methods. It has two that I think could be useful: - (void)textDidChange:(NSNotification *)aNotification - (void)textDidEndEditing:(NSNotification *)aNotification I set my controller class as the delegate of my NSTokenField and put both of these methods into my controller class. I put a basic NSLog into each of them and neither is triggered when I interact with the NSTokenField. I am guessing it has something to do with NSNotification. How do I activate these methods?

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  • Java singleton VO class implementing serializable, having default values using getter methods

    - by user309281
    Hi All I have a J2SE application having user threads running in a separate JVM outside JBOSS server. During startup, J2SE invokes a EJB inside jboss, by passing a new object(singleton) of simple JAVA VO class having getter/setter methods. {The VO class is a singleton and implements serialiable(as mandated by EJB)}. EJB receives the object, reads all db configuration and uses the setter methods of new object to set all the values. It then returns back this updated object back to J2SE in the same remote call. After J2SE receives the object(singleton/serializable), if i invoke getter methods, I could see only default values set during object creation before EJB call, and not the values set by the EJB. Kindly throw some light on, why the received object from EJB does not see any updated values and how to rectify this. I believe it got to do with object initialization during deserialization. And i tried overriding readResolve() in the VO class, but of no help. With Regards, Krishna

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  • ruby / rails boolean method naming conventions

    - by Dennis
    I have a short question on ruby / rails method naming conventions or good practice. Consider the following methods: # some methods performing some sort of 'action' def action; end def action!; end # some methods checking if performing 'action' is permitted def action?; end def can_action?; end def action_allowed?; end So I wonder, which of the three ampersand-methods would be the "best" way to ask for permissions. I would go with the first one somehow, but in some cases I think this might be confused with meaning has_performed_action?. So the second approach might make that clearer but is also a bit more verbose. The third one is actually just for completeness. I don't really like that one. So are there any commonly agreed-on good practices for that?

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  • Where are the static methods in gcc's dump file.c.135r.jump

    - by Customizer
    When I run gcc with the parameter -fdump-rtl-jump, I get a dump file with the name file.c.135r.jump, where I can read some information about the intermediate representation of the methods in my C or C++ file. I just recently discovered, that the static methods of a project are missing in this dump file. Do you know, why they are missing in that representation and if there is a possibility to include the static methods in this file, too. Update (some additional information): The test program, I'm using here, is the Hybrid OpenMP MPI Benchmark. Update2: I just reproduced the problem with a serial application, so it has nothing to do with parallel sections.

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  • How to get extension methods on Roslyn?

    - by eestein
    I need to list all extension methods found on the file. This is what I'm doing so far (looks like it's working): var methods = nodes.OfType<MethodDeclarationSyntax>(); var extensionMethods = methods.Where(m => m.Modifiers.Any(t => t.Kind == SyntaxKind.StaticKeyword) && m.ParameterList.Parameters.Any(p => p.Modifiers.Any(pm => pm.Kind == SyntaxKind.ThisKeyword))); Even though I couldn't test all cases it looks like this is working. But I was wondering if there was a more concise way to approach this solution. Is there some sort of IsExtension or some SyntaxKind.ExtensionMethod? I took a look but could not find anything obvious, at least. I'm using the latest Roslyn Sept/12

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  • Max number of web methods?

    - by Rippo
    Guys I have a web service in asp.net 2.0 that has 234 methods. It seems that when I add another method the site does not compile in VS2005 until I remove one first. I get a message saying that the new method I just added does not exist in a file that belongs in the Microsoft.Net/.../Temporary Files directory. I have restarted IIS, closed down VS2005, removed all files from this temp directory but to no avail. The only way to get the code to compile is to remove another one so as to keep 234 methods.... I can consistency replicate this behaviour so it cannot be my code. Now I know this seems strange but it is true! One other strange thing is that exactly 100 of the method names begin with the word GetXXXyyyZZZ Has anyone else experienced problems with the maximum number of methods that are allowed in a web service? Many Thanks

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  • Searching for empty methods

    - by Brian McCord
    I am currently working on a security audit/code review of our system. This requires me to check all pages in the system and make sure that the code behind contains two methods that are used to check security. Sometimes the code in these methods get commented out to make testing easier. So, my question is does anyone know an easy way to search code, make sure the methods are present, and to determine which ones have no code or have all the code commented out. It would make my job much easier if I can get a list instead of having to look at every file... I'm sure I could write this myself, but I thought someone may know of something that already exists. Thanks!

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  • using different key for to_json :methods

    - by fphilipe
    When using :methods in to_json, is there a way to rename the key? I'm trying to replace the real id with a base62 version of it and I want that the value of base62_id has the key id. @obj.to_json( :except => :id :methods => :base62_id ) I tried to do @obj.to_json( :except => :id :methods => { :id => :base62_id } ) but that didn't work. Any advice?

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  • Best way to test instance methods without running __init__

    - by KenFar
    I've got a simple class that gets most of its arguments via init, which also runs a variety of private methods that do most of the work. Output is available either through access to object variables or public methods. Here's the problem - I'd like my unittest framework to directly call the private methods called by init with different data - without going through init. What's the best way to do this? So far, I've been refactoring these classes so that init does less and data is passed in separately. This makes testing easy, but I think the usability of the class suffers a little. EDIT: Example solution based on Ignacio's answer: import types class C(object): def __init__(self, number): new_number = self._foo(number) self._bar(new_number) def _foo(self, number): return number * 2 def _bar(self, number): print number * 10 #--- normal execution - should print 160: ------- MyC = C(8) #--- testing execution - should print 80 -------- MyC = object.__new__(C) MyC._bar(8)

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  • C++ STL containers

    - by cambr
    Different STL containers like vector, stack, set, queue, etc support different access methods on them. If you are coding for example in Notepad++ or vim, you have to continuously refer to the documentation to see what all methods are available, atleast I have to. Is there some good way of remembering which container supports which methods??

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  • Securing input of private / protected methods?

    - by ts
    Hello, normally, all sane developers are trying to secure input of all public methods (casting to proper types, validating, sanitizing etc.) My question is: are you in your code validating also parameters passed to protected / private methods? In my opinion it is not necessary, if you securize properly parameters of public methods and return values from outside (other classes, db, user input etc...). But I am constantly facing frameworks and apps (ie. prestashop to name one) where validation is often repeated in method call, in method body and once again for securize returned value - which, I think, is creating performace overhead and is also a sign of bad design.

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