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  • ms-access: missing operator in query expression

    - by every_answer_gets_a_point
    i have this sql statement in access: SELECT * FROM (SELECT [Occurrence Number], [1 0 Preanalytical (Before Testing)], NULL, NULL,NULL FROM [Lab Occurrence Form] WHERE NOT ([1 0 Preanalytical (Before Testing)] IS NULL) UNION SELECT [Occurrence Number], NULL, [2 0 Analytical (Testing Phase)], NULL,NULL FROM [Lab Occurrence Form] WHERE NOT ([2 0 Analytical (Testing Phase)] IS NULL) UNION SELECT [Occurrence Number], NULL, NULL, [3 0 Postanalytical ( After Testing)],NULL FROM [Lab Occurrence Form] WHERE NOT ([3 0 Postanalytical ( After Testing)] IS NULL) UNION SELECT [Occurrence Number], NULL, NULL,NULL [4 0 Other] FROM [Lab Occurrence Form] WHERE NOT ([4 0 Other] IS NULL) ) AS mySubQuery ORDER BY mySubQuery.[Occurrence Number]; everything was fine until i added the last line: SELECT [Occurrence Number], NULL, NULL,NULL [4 0 Other] FROM [Lab Occurrence Form] WHERE NOT ([4 0 Other] IS NULL) i get this error: syntax error (missing operator) in query expression 'NULL [4 0 Other]' anyone have any clues why i am getting this error?

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  • Convert VARCHAR() columns to NVARCHAR()

    - by ChrisD
    We recently underwent an upgrade that required us to change our database columns from varchar to NVarchar, to support unicode characters. Digging through the internet, I found a base script which I modified to handle reserved word table names, and maintain the NULL/NotNull constraint of the columns.   I Ran this script use NWOperationalContent – Your Catalog Name here GO SELECT 'ALTER TABLE ' + isnull(schema_name(syo.id), 'dbo') + '.[' +  syo.name +'] '     + ' ALTER COLUMN [' + syc.name + '] NVARCHAR(' + case syc.length when -1 then 'MAX'         ELSE convert(nvarchar(10),syc.length) end + ') '+         case  syc.isnullable when 1 then ' NULL' ELSE ' NOT NULL' END +';'    FROM sysobjects syo    JOIN syscolumns syc ON      syc.id = syo.id    JOIN systypes syt ON      syt.xtype = syc.xtype    WHERE      syt.name = 'varchar'     and syo.xtype='U'   which produced a series of ALTER statements which I could then execute the tables.  In some cases I had to drop indexes, alter the tables, and re-create the indexes.  There might have been a better way to do that, but manually dropping them got the job done.   use NWMerchandisingContent GO ALTER TABLE Locale Drop Constraint PK_Locale ALTER TABLE Country DROP CONSTRAINT PK_Country GO ALTER TABLE dbo.[Campaign]  ALTER COLUMN [ActorKey] NVARCHAR(200)  NOT NULL; ALTER TABLE dbo.[BundleLocalization]  ALTER COLUMN [Locale] NVARCHAR(8)  NOT NULL; ALTER TABLE dbo.[BundleLocalization]  ALTER COLUMN [UnitOfmeasure] NVARCHAR(200)  NULL; ALTER TABLE dbo.[BundleLocalization]  ALTER COLUMN [ActorKey] NVARCHAR(200)  NOT NULL; ALTER TABLE dbo.[BundleComponentLocalization]  ALTER COLUMN [Locale] NVARCHAR(8)  NOT NULL; ALTER TABLE dbo.[BundleComponentLocalization]  ALTER COLUMN [Imperative] NVARCHAR(MAX)  NULL; ALTER TABLE dbo.[BundleComponentLocalization]  ALTER COLUMN [Instructions] NVARCHAR(MAX)  NULL; ALTER TABLE dbo.[BundleComponentLocalization]  ALTER COLUMN [ActorKey] NVARCHAR(200)  NOT NULL; ALTER TABLE dbo.[BundleComponent]  ALTER COLUMN [ActorKey] NVARCHAR(200)  NOT NULL; ALTER TABLE dbo.[Bundle]  ALTER COLUMN [ActorKey] NVARCHAR(200)  NOT NULL; ALTER TABLE dbo.[Banner]  ALTER COLUMN [ActorKey] NVARCHAR(200)  NOT NULL; ALTER TABLE dbo.[Video]  ALTER COLUMN [Link] NVARCHAR(512)  NOT NULL; ALTER TABLE dbo.[Video]  ALTER COLUMN [ActorKey] NVARCHAR(200)  NOT NULL; ALTER TABLE dbo.[ProductUsage]  ALTER COLUMN [VideoLink] NVARCHAR(512)  NOT NULL; ALTER TABLE dbo.[ProductUsage]  ALTER COLUMN [ActorKey] NVARCHAR(200)  NOT NULL; ALTER TABLE dbo.[Thumbnail]  ALTER COLUMN [ActorKey] NVARCHAR(200)  NOT NULL; ALTER TABLE dbo.[SkuLocalization]  ALTER COLUMN [Locale] NVARCHAR(8)  NOT NULL; ALTER TABLE dbo.[SkuLocalization]  ALTER COLUMN [UnitOfMeasure] NVARCHAR(150)  NOT NULL; ALTER TABLE dbo.[SkuLocalization]  ALTER COLUMN [SwatchColor] NVARCHAR(50)  NOT NULL; etc.. GO ALTER TABLE Locale ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Locale PRIMARY KEY (LocaleId) ALTER TABLE Country ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Country PRIMARY KEY (CountryId) Note that this alter is non-destructive to the data.   Hope this helps.

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  • Why does this MySQL function return null?

    - by Shore
    Description: the query actually run have 4 results returned,as can be see from below, what I did is just concate the items then return, but unexpectedly,it's null. I think the code is self-explanatory: DELIMITER | DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS get_idiscussion_ask| CREATE FUNCTION get_idiscussion_ask(iask_id INT UNSIGNED) RETURNS TEXT DETERMINISTIC BEGIN DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0; DECLARE body varchar(600); DECLARE created DATETIME; DECLARE anonymous TINYINT(1); DECLARE screen_name varchar(64); DECLARE result TEXT; DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT body,created,anonymous,screen_name from idiscussion left join users on idiscussion.uid=users.id where idiscussion.iask_id=iask_id; DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLSTATE '02000' SET done = 1; SET result = ''; OPEN cur1; REPEAT FETCH cur1 INTO body, created, anonymous, screen_name; SET result = CONCAT(result,'<comment><body><![CDATA[',body,']]></body>','<replier>',if(screen_name is not null and !anonymous,screen_name,''),'</replier>','<created>',created,'</created></comment>'); UNTIL done END REPEAT; CLOSE cur1; RETURN result; END | DELIMITER ; mysql> DELIMITER ; mysql> select get_idiscussion_ask(1); +------------------------+ | get_idiscussion_ask(1) | +------------------------+ | NULL | +------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> SELECT body,created,anonymous,screen_name from idiscussion left join users on idiscussion.uid=users.id where idiscussion.iask_id=1; +------+---------------------+-----------+-------------+ | body | created | anonymous | screen_name | +------+---------------------+-----------+-------------+ | haha | 2009-05-27 04:57:51 | 0 | NULL | | haha | 2009-05-27 04:57:52 | 0 | NULL | | haha | 2009-05-27 04:57:52 | 0 | NULL | | haha | 2009-05-27 04:57:53 | 0 | NULL | +------+---------------------+-----------+-------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) For those who don't think the code is self-explanatory: Why the function returns NULL?

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  • Varchar columns: Nullable or not.

    - by NYSystemsAnalyst
    The database development standards in our organization state the varchar fields should not allow null values. They should have a default value of an empty string (""). I know this makes querying and concatenation easier, but today, one of my coworkers questioned me about why that standard only existed for varchar types an not other datatypes (int, datetime, etc). I would like to know if others consider this to be a valid, defensible standard, or if varchar should be treated the same as fields of other data types? I believe this standard is valid for the following reason: I believe that an empty string and null values, though technically different, are conceptually the same. An empty, zero length string is a string that does not exist. It has no value. However, a numeric value of 0 is not the same as NULL. For example, if a field called OutstandingBalance has a value of 0, it means there are $0.00 remaining. However, if the same field is NULL, that means the value is unknown. On the other hand, a field called CustomerName with a value of "" is basically the same as a value of NULL because both represent the non-existence of the name. I read somewhere that an analogy for an empty string vs. NULL is that of a blank CD vs. no CD. However, I believe this to be a false analogy because a blank CD still phyically exists and still has physical data space that does not have any meaningful data written to it. Basically, I believe a blank CD is the equivalent of a string of blank spaces (" "), not an empty string. Therefore, I believe a string of blank spaces to be an actual value separate from NULL, but an empty string to be the absense of value conceptually equivalent to NULL. Please let me know if my beliefs regarding variable length strings are valid, or please enlighten me if they are not. I have read several blogs / arguments regarding this subject, but still do not see a true conceptual difference between NULLs and empty strings.

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  • GWT Deserialisation of Persistent Entities (JPA)

    - by slartidan
    Hi everyone, I am currently developing Java/GWT-application which is hosted on a weblogic application server. I am using EJB3.0 with EclipseLink as persistence layer. Sadly my GWT has problems to deserialize persistent entities. It might be helpful for you to know, that I have the EclipseLink-Library in my classpath (including javax.persistence.Entity) am not recieving the persistence objects from a database or persistence-manager - I am creating the objects with standard java code use Eclipse IDE for Java EE Developers for development and deploying and I am compiling my GWT code with the GWT-Plugin (GWT 2.1.0) - my source code is split up in several projects am pretty sure, that the problems occures on client side, since the HTTP response of my server is the same in my working and in my not working example tried to patch javax.persistence.Entity and tried to include several libraries which included javax.persistence.Entity but nothing was helping In my server provides a list of instances of class SerialClass; the interface looks like this: public interface GreetingService extends RemoteService { List<SerialClass> greetServer(); } My onModuleLoad()-Method gets those instances and creates a browser-popup with the information: public void onModuleLoad() { GreetingServiceAsync server = (GreetingServiceAsync) GWT.create(GreetingService.class); server.greetServer(new AsyncCallback<List<SerialClass>>() { public void onFailure(Throwable caught) { } public void onSuccess(List<SerialClass> result) { String resultString = ""; try { for (SerialClass serial : result) { if (serial == null) { resultString += "null "; } else { resultString += ">" + serial.id + "< "; } } } catch (Throwable t) { Window.alert("failed to process"); } Window.alert("success:" + resultString); } }); } My server is looking like this: public class GreetingServiceImpl extends RemoteServiceServlet implements GreetingService { public List<SerialClass> greetServer() throws IllegalArgumentException { List<SerialClass> list = new ArrayList<SerialClass>(); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { list.add(new SerialClass()); } return list; } } Case 1 = everything works fine I am using this SerialClass (either without any annotation, or with any annotation other than Entity - for example javax.persistence.PersistenceContext works fine): //@Entity public class SerialClass implements Serializable, IsSerializable { public int id = 4711; } The popup contains (as expected): success:>4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< >4711< The data sent over HTTP looks like this: //OK[4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,100,1,["java.util.ArrayList/3821976829","serial.shared.SerialClass/10650133"],0,6] Case 2 = its not working at all I am using this SerialClass: @Entity public class SerialClass implements Serializable, IsSerializable { public int id = 4711; } My popup contains (THIS IS MY PROBLEM): success:>2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null >2< null The data sent over HTTP looks like this (exactly the same!): //OK[4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,4711,2,100,1,["java.util.ArrayList/3821976829","serial.shared.SerialClass/10650133"],0,6] There is no suspicious logging output - neither on server, nor on client. All HTTP-responses have return code 200. My current workaround I am going to try to create transfer objects as a copy of my SerialClass - those transfer objects will look exactly the same, but will not have the @Entity annotation. Alternatively I could try to use the RequestFactory (thanks to @Hilbrand for the hint). I really don't know how to solve that problem and I'm really thankful about any suggestions, hints, tips, links, etc.

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  • null terminating a string

    - by robUK
    Hello, gcc 4.4.4 c89 just wondering what is the standard way to null terminate a string. i.e. However, when I use the NULL I get the warning message. *dest++ = 0; *dest++ = '\0'; *dest++ = NULL; /* Warning: Assignment takes integer from pointer without a cast */ source code I am using: size_t s_strscpy(char *dest, const char *src, const size_t len) { /* Copy the contents from src to dest */ size_t i = 0; for(i = 0; i < len; i++) *dest++ = *src++; /* Null terminate dest */ *dest++ = 0; return i; } Just another quick question. I deliberately commented out the line that null terminates. However, it still correctly printed out the contents of the dest. The caller of this function would send the length of the string by either included the NULL or not. i.e. strlen(src) + 1 or stlen(src). size_t s_strscpy(char *dest, const char *src, const size_t len) { /* Copy the contents from src to dest */ size_t i = 0; /* Don't copy the null terminator */ for(i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) *dest++ = *src++; /* Don't add the Null terminator */ /* *dest++ = 0; */ return i; } Many thanks for any advice,

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  • t-sql help with recursive sort of query

    - by stackoverflowuser
    Hi Based on the following table ID Path --------------------------------------- 1 \\Root 2 \\Root\Node0 3 \\Root\Node0\Node1 4 \\Root\Node0\Node2 5 \\Root\Node3 6 \\Root\Node3\Node4 7 \\Root\Node5 ... N \\Root\Node5\Node6\Node7\Node8\Node9\Node10 so on... There are around 1000 rows in this table. I want to display individual node in seperate columns. Maximum columns to be displayed 5 (i.e. node till 5 level deep). So the output will look as below ID Path Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 \\Root Root Null Null Null Null Null 2 \\Root\Node0 Root Node 0 Null Null Null Null 3 \\Root\Node0\Node1 Root Node 0 Node 1 Null Null Null 4 \\Root\Node0\Node2 Root Node 0 Node 2 Null Null Null 5 \\Root\Node3 Root Node 3 Null Null Null Null 6 \\Root\Node3\Node4 Root Node 3 Node 4 Null Null Null 7 \\Root\Node5 Root Node 5 Null Null Null Null ... N (see in above table) Root Node 5 Node 6 Node 7 Node 8 Node 9 The only way i can think of is to open a cursor, loop through each row and perform string split, just fetch the first 5 nodes and then insert into a temp table. Pls. suggest. Thanks

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  • Why null reference exception in SetMolePublicInstance?

    - by OldGrantonian
    I get a "null reference" exception in the following line: MoleRuntime.SetMolePublicInstance(stub, receiverType, objReceiver, name, null); The program builds and compiles correctly. There are no complaints about any of the parameters to the method. Here's the specification of SetMolePublicInstance, from the object browser: SetMolePublicInstance(System.Delegate _stub, System.Type receiverType, object _receiver, string name, params System.Type[] parameterTypes) Here are the parameter values for "Locals": + stub {Method = {System.String <StaticMethodUnitTestWithDeq>b__0()}} System.Func<string> + receiverType {Name = "OrigValue" FullName = "OrigValueP.OrigValue"} System.Type {System.RuntimeType} objReceiver {OrigValueP.OrigValue} object {OrigValueP.OrigValue} name "TestString" string parameterTypes null object[] I know that TestString() takes no parameters and returns string, so as a starter to try to get things working, I specified "null" for the final parameter to SetMolePublicInstance. As already mentioned, this compiles OK. Here's the stack trace: Unhandled Exception: System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object. at Microsoft.ExtendedReflection.Collections.Indexable.ConvertAllToArray[TInput,TOutput](TInput[] array, Converter`2 converter) at Microsoft.Moles.Framework.Moles.MoleRuntime.SetMole(Delegate _stub, Type receiverType, Object _receiver, String name, MoleBindingFlags flags, Type[] parameterTypes) at Microsoft.Moles.Framework.Moles.MoleRuntime.SetMolePublicInstance(Delegate _stub, Type receiverType, Object _receiver, String name, Type[] parameterTypes) at DeqP.Deq.Replace[T](Func`1 stub, Type receiverType, Object objReceiver, String name) in C:\0VisProjects\DecP_04\DecP\DeqC.cs:line 38 at DeqPTest.DecCTest.StaticMethodUnitTestWithDeq() in C:\0VisProjects\DecP_04\DecPTest\DeqCTest.cs:line 28 at Starter.Start.Main(String[] args) in C:\0VisProjects\DecP_04\Starter\Starter.cs:line 14 Press any key to continue . . . To avoid the null parameter, I changed the final "null" to "parameterTypes" as in the following line: MoleRuntime.SetMolePublicInstance(stub, receiverType, objReceiver, name, parameterTypes); I then tried each of the following (before the line): int[] parameterTypes = null; // if this is null, I don't think the type will matter int[] parameterTypes = new int[0]; object[] parameterTypes = new object[0]; // this would allow for various parameter types All three attempts produce a red squiggly line under the entire line for SetMolePublicInstance Mouseover showed the following message: The best overloaded method match for 'Microsoft.Moles.Framework.Moles.MoleRuntime.SetMolePublicInstance(System.Delegate, System.Type, object, string, params System.Type[])' has some invalid arguments. I'm assuming that the first four arguments are OK, and that the problem is with the params array.

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  • Solving Null Entity Problems with JPA Data Controls in PS1

    - by shay.shmeltzer
    Turns out there is a slight bug that seems to prevent you from doing interactions (update, scroll) with the results of a JPA named query that you dropped on a page using ADF Binding. People are running into this when they are doing the EJB tutorial on OTN for example. The problem is that the way the binding is set up for you automatically doesn't allow you to actually access the iterator set of records to do follow up operations. When I last checked this was solved in the next release of JDeveloper, but in the meantime there is a quick simple way to resolve the issue by changing the refresh condition of the oiterator in your page binding. Here is a little demo that shows the problem and the solution:

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  • Changing an MSSQL clustered index field from containing "random" GUIDs to sequential GUIDs - how wil

    - by Eyvind
    We have an MSSQL database in which all the primary keys are GUIDs (uniqueidentifiers). The GUIDs are produced on the client (in C#), and we are considering changing the client to generate sequential (comb) GUIDs instead of just using Guid.NewGuid(), to improve db performance. If we do this, how will this affect installations that already have data with "random" GUIDs as clustered PKs? Can anything be done (short of changing all the PK values) to rebuild the indexes to avoid further fragmentation and bad insert performance? Please give explicit and detailed answers if you can; I am a C# developer at heart and not all too familiar with all the intricacies of SQL Server. Thanks!

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  • MAC and IP adress text-identicon as avatar

    - by rubo77
    I would like to create something like identicons but not with images but with a unique word for each IP-Adresses and MAC-Adresses. create an easy to remember alias for a mac address, that is unique and reverse lookupable, for example: IP 123.456.789.132 will result in an alias for that IP, that is connected to an existing word from a wordlist, that is unique. Background of this idea: this way we could identify our Routers in our Opennet in Hamburg easily in a graphical NodeGraph. Is there some site already, where I can convert MAC-Adresses to unique human readeable words?

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  • C#/.NET Little Wonders: The Nullable static class

    - by James Michael Hare
    Once again, in this series of posts I look at the parts of the .NET Framework that may seem trivial, but can help improve your code by making it easier to write and maintain. The index of all my past little wonders posts can be found here. Today we’re going to look at an interesting Little Wonder that can be used to mitigate what could be considered a Little Pitfall.  The Little Wonder we’ll be examining is the System.Nullable static class.  No, not the System.Nullable<T> class, but a static helper class that has one useful method in particular that we will examine… but first, let’s look at the Little Pitfall that makes this wonder so useful. Little Pitfall: Comparing nullable value types using <, >, <=, >= Examine this piece of code, without examining it too deeply, what’s your gut reaction as to the result? 1: int? x = null; 2:  3: if (x < 100) 4: { 5: Console.WriteLine("True, {0} is less than 100.", 6: x.HasValue ? x.ToString() : "null"); 7: } 8: else 9: { 10: Console.WriteLine("False, {0} is NOT less than 100.", 11: x.HasValue ? x.ToString() : "null"); 12: } Your gut would be to say true right?  It would seem to make sense that a null integer is less than the integer constant 100.  But the result is actually false!  The null value is not less than 100 according to the less-than operator. It looks even more outrageous when you consider this also evaluates to false: 1: int? x = null; 2:  3: if (x < int.MaxValue) 4: { 5: // ... 6: } So, are we saying that null is less than every valid int value?  If that were true, null should be less than int.MinValue, right?  Well… no: 1: int? x = null; 2:  3: // um... hold on here, x is NOT less than min value? 4: if (x < int.MinValue) 5: { 6: // ... 7: } So what’s going on here?  If we use greater than instead of less than, we see the same little dilemma: 1: int? x = null; 2:  3: // once again, null is not greater than anything either... 4: if (x > int.MinValue) 5: { 6: // ... 7: } It turns out that four of the comparison operators (<, <=, >, >=) are designed to return false anytime at least one of the arguments is null when comparing System.Nullable wrapped types that expose the comparison operators (short, int, float, double, DateTime, TimeSpan, etc.).  What’s even odder is that even though the two equality operators (== and !=) work correctly, >= and <= have the same issue as < and > and return false if both System.Nullable wrapped operator comparable types are null! 1: DateTime? x = null; 2: DateTime? y = null; 3:  4: if (x <= y) 5: { 6: Console.WriteLine("You'd think this is true, since both are null, but it's not."); 7: } 8: else 9: { 10: Console.WriteLine("It's false because <=, <, >, >= don't work on null."); 11: } To make matters even more confusing, take for example your usual check to see if something is less than, greater to, or equal: 1: int? x = null; 2: int? y = 100; 3:  4: if (x < y) 5: { 6: Console.WriteLine("X is less than Y"); 7: } 8: else if (x > y) 9: { 10: Console.WriteLine("X is greater than Y"); 11: } 12: else 13: { 14: // We fall into the "equals" assumption, but clearly null != 100! 15: Console.WriteLine("X is equal to Y"); 16: } Yes, this code outputs “X is equal to Y” because both the less-than and greater-than operators return false when a Nullable wrapped operator comparable type is null.  This violates a lot of our assumptions because we assume is something is not less than something, and it’s not greater than something, it must be equal.  So keep in mind, that the only two comparison operators that work on Nullable wrapped types where at least one is null are the equals (==) and not equals (!=) operators: 1: int? x = null; 2: int? y = 100; 3:  4: if (x == y) 5: { 6: Console.WriteLine("False, x is null, y is not."); 7: } 8:  9: if (x != y) 10: { 11: Console.WriteLine("True, x is null, y is not."); 12: } Solution: The Nullable static class So we’ve seen that <, <=, >, and >= have some interesting and perhaps unexpected behaviors that can trip up a novice developer who isn’t expecting the kinks that System.Nullable<T> types with comparison operators can throw.  How can we easily mitigate this? Well, obviously, you could do null checks before each check, but that starts to get ugly: 1: if (x.HasValue) 2: { 3: if (y.HasValue) 4: { 5: if (x < y) 6: { 7: Console.WriteLine("x < y"); 8: } 9: else if (x > y) 10: { 11: Console.WriteLine("x > y"); 12: } 13: else 14: { 15: Console.WriteLine("x == y"); 16: } 17: } 18: else 19: { 20: Console.WriteLine("x > y because y is null and x isn't"); 21: } 22: } 23: else if (y.HasValue) 24: { 25: Console.WriteLine("x < y because x is null and y isn't"); 26: } 27: else 28: { 29: Console.WriteLine("x == y because both are null"); 30: } Yes, we could probably simplify this logic a bit, but it’s still horrendous!  So what do we do if we want to consider null less than everything and be able to properly compare Nullable<T> wrapped value types? The key is the System.Nullable static class.  This class is a companion class to the System.Nullable<T> class and allows you to use a few helper methods for Nullable<T> wrapped types, including a static Compare<T>() method of the. What’s so big about the static Compare<T>() method?  It implements an IComparer compatible comparison on Nullable<T> types.  Why do we care?  Well, if you look at the MSDN description for how IComparer works, you’ll read: Comparing null with any type is allowed and does not generate an exception when using IComparable. When sorting, null is considered to be less than any other object. This is what we probably want!  We want null to be less than everything!  So now we can change our logic to use the Nullable.Compare<T>() static method: 1: int? x = null; 2: int? y = 100; 3:  4: if (Nullable.Compare(x, y) < 0) 5: { 6: // Yes! x is null, y is not, so x is less than y according to Compare(). 7: Console.WriteLine("x < y"); 8: } 9: else if (Nullable.Compare(x, y) > 0) 10: { 11: Console.WriteLine("x > y"); 12: } 13: else 14: { 15: Console.WriteLine("x == y"); 16: } Summary So, when doing math comparisons between two numeric values where one of them may be a null Nullable<T>, consider using the System.Nullable.Compare<T>() method instead of the comparison operators.  It will treat null less than any value, and will avoid logic consistency problems when relying on < returning false to indicate >= is true and so on. Tweet   Technorati Tags: C#,C-Sharp,.NET,Little Wonders,Little Pitfalls,Nulalble

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  • Are nullable types preferable to magic numbers?

    - by Matt H
    I have been having a little bit of a debate with a coworker lately. We are specifically using C#, but this could apply to any language with nullable types. Say for example you have a value that represents a maximum. However, this maximum value is optional. I argue that a nullable number would be preferable. My coworker favors the use of zero, citing precedent. Granted, things like network sockets have often used zero to represent an unlimited timeout. If I were to write code dealing with sockets today, I would personally use a nullable value, since I feel it would better represent the fact that there is NO timeout. Which representation is better? Both require a condition checking for the value meaning "none", but I believe that a nullable type conveys the intent a little bit better.

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  • Null Or Empty Coalescing

    - by Latest Microsoft Blogs
    In my last blog post, I wrote about the proper way to check for empty enumerations and proposed an IsNullOrEmpty method for collections which sparked a lot of discussion. This post covers a similar issue, but from a different angle. A very long time ago Read More......(read more)

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  • Tech Article: Tired of Null Pointer Exceptions? Use Java SE 8's Optional!

    - by Tori Wieldt
    A wise man once said you are not a real Java programmer until you've dealt with a null pointer exception. The null reference is the source of many problems because it is often used to denote the absence of a value. Java SE 8 introduces a new class called java.util.Optional that can alleviate some of these problems. In the tech article "Tired of Null Pointer Exceptions? Use Java SE 8's Optional!" Java expert Raoul-Gabriel Urma shows you how to make your code more readable and protect it against null pointer exceptions. Urma explains "The purpose of Optional is not to replace every single null reference in your codebase but rather to help design better APIs in which—just by reading the signature of a method—users can tell whether to expect an optional value. In addition, Optional forces you to actively unwrap an Optional to deal with the absence of a value; as a result, you protect your code against unintended null pointer exceptions." Learn how to go from writing painful nested null checks to writing declarative code that is composable, readable, and better protected from null pointer exceptions. Read "Tired of Null Pointer Exceptions? Use Java SE 8's Optional!"

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  • MySQL Unions/Subselects not utilizing keys from associated tables

    - by Brett
    I've noticed by doing EXPLAINs that when a MySQL union between two tables is used, mysql creates a temporary table, but the temp table does not use keys, so queries are slowed considerably. Here is an example: SELECT * FROM ( SELECT `part_number`, `part_manufacturer_clean`, `part_number_clean`, `part_heci`, `part_manufacturer`, `part_description` FROM `new_products` AS `a` UNION SELECT `part` as `part_number`, `manulower` as `part_manufacturer_clean`, `partdeluxe` as `part_number_clean`, `heci` as `part_heci`, `manu` as `part_manufacturer`, `description` as `part_description` FROM `warehouse` AS `b` ) AS `c` WHERE `part_manufacturer_clean` = 'adc' EXPLAIN yields this: id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra 1 PRIMARY <derived2> ALL (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) 17206 Using where 2 DERIVED a ALL (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) 17743 3 UNION b ALL (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) 5757 (NULL) UNION RESULT <union2,3> ALL (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) In this case, part_manufacturer_clean and manulower are keys in both tables. When I don't use the subselects and union, and just use one table, everything works fine. I'm not sure if the issue is with the union or with the subselects. Is there any way to union two tables and still use keys/indexes for performance?

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  • Is it possible to detect that a database connection is to a copy rather than to the original database?

    - by user149238
    I have an application that needs to know if it is connected to the original database that it was installed with or if the connection is to a copy of that database. Is there any known method to know if the database has been cloned and the application is no longer connected to the original? I am specifically interested in MS SQL Server and Oracle. I was kicking ideas around for a stored procedure but that most likely doesn't have access to the hardware to confirm unique hardware information that would somewhat guarantee that the database is the one that it was originally connected to during installation. I'm trying to prevent/detect cloning of a database so that there is only 1 "true location of truth". Thanks!

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  • Efficiency of checking for null varbinary(max) column ?

    - by Moe Sisko
    Using SQL Server 2008. Example table : CREATE table dbo.blobtest (id int primary key not null, name nvarchar(200) not null, data varbinary(max) null) Example query : select id, name, cast((case when data is null then 0 else 1 end) as bit) as DataExists from dbo.blobtest Now, the query needs to return a "DataExists" column, that returns 0 if the blob is null, else 1. This all works fine, but I'm wondering how efficient it is. i.e. does SQL server need to read in the whole blob to its memory, or is there some optimization so that it just does enough reads to figure out if the blob is null or not ? (FWIW, the sp_tableoption "large value types out of row" option is set to OFF for this example).

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  • How to deserialize null array to null in c#?

    - by Aen Sidhe
    Here is my class: public class Command { [XmlArray(IsNullable = true)] public List<Parameter> To { get; set; } } When I serialize an object of this class: var s = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Command)); s.Serialize(Console.Out, new Command()); it prints as expected (xml header and default MS namespaces are omitted): <Command><To xsi:nil="true" /></Command> When I took this xml and tried to deserialize it I got stucked, because it always print "Not null": var t = s.Deserialize(...); if (t.To == null) Console.WriteLine("Null"); else Console.WriteLine("Not null"); How to force deserializer to make my list null, if it is null in xml?

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  • Liqn to sql null-able value in query

    - by msony
    I need get all items what have no categories int? categoryId = null; var items=db.Items.Where(x=>x.CategoryId==categoryId); this code generate in where: where CategoryId=null instead of where CategoryId is null ok, when i write var items=db.Items.Where(x=>x.CategoryId==null); in my sql profiler it works: where CategoryId is null BUT when i do this HACK it doesn't: var items=db.Items.Where(x=>x.CategoryId==(categoryId.HasValue ? categoryId : null)); so what's the problem? is there by in L2S?

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  • Posting null values via AJAX

    - by nickf
    Using the jQuery $.post function, if you send a null value, it arrives at the server side as "null". Example: Javascript: $.post('test.php', { foo : null }); PHP: var_dump($_POST['foo']); // string(4) "null" I understand why this is so, but was wondering the best way to work around the limitation? Should you: Loop through all the variables in JS before you send them and replace with an empty string? Interpret "null" as null on the server side? Don't send the variable at all? Something else?

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  • Squid proxy in cent os often disconnected with error : tunnelConnectTimeout(): tunnelState->servers is NULL

    - by Ela
    I am having very often internet disconnection problem with Squid proxy service. My server config; OS: CentOS release 6.3 (Final) model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.40GHz cpu MHz : 1600.000 My Local systems IP range:192.168.2.x Server IP: 192.168.2.11 Also this server is configured with lamp for development,Samba SMB file service manager and No svn currently. So i see maximum possibility is this squid proxy since this is where it stops to connect and am sure when i restart the server net started working so something wrong with this squid service only. And this server is connected with local 14 other windows machines and basically serves as a central development node. I am able to resolve it by restarting the server fully some time or sometimes by restarting the squid proxy which is totally killing our development. I have attached my cache log file here for the error info. Cache log file Sample error log: 2013/07/01 13:25:38| tunnelConnectTimeout(): tunnelState->servers is NULL 2013/07/01 13:25:41| tunnelConnectTimeout(): tunnelState->servers is NULL 2013/07/01 13:25:41| tunnelConnectTimeout(): tunnelState->servers is NULL 2013/07/01 13:25:50| clientProcessRequest: Invalid Request 2013/07/01 13:26:05| tunnelConnectTimeout(): tunnelState->servers is NULL Some help can make our lives easier, Thanks in advance.

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  • PLPGSQL array assignment not working, "array subscript in assignment must not be null"

    - by Koen Schmeets
    Hello there, When assigning mobilenumbers to a varchar[] in a loop through results it gives me the following error: "array subscript in assignment must not be null" Also, i think the query that joins member uuids, and group member uuids, into one, grouped on the user_id, i think it can be done better, or maybe this is even why it is going wrong in the first place! Any help is very appreciated.. Thank you very much! CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION create_membermessage(in_company_uuid uuid, in_user_uuid uuid, in_destinationmemberuuids uuid[], in_destinationgroupuuids uuid[], in_title character varying, in_messagecontents character varying, in_timedelta interval, in_messagecosts numeric, OUT out_status integer, OUT out_status_description character varying, OUT out_value VARCHAR[], OUT out_trigger uuid[]) RETURNS record LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$ DECLARE temp_count INTEGER; temp_costs NUMERIC; temp_balance NUMERIC; temp_campaign_uuid UUID; temp_record RECORD; temp_mobilenumbers VARCHAR[]; temp_destination_uuids UUID[]; temp_iterator INTEGER; BEGIN out_status := NULL; out_status_description := NULL; out_value := NULL; out_trigger := NULL; SELECT INTO temp_count COUNT(*) FROM costs WHERE costtype = 'MEMBERMESSAGE' AND company_uuid = in_company_uuid AND startdatetime < NOW() AND (enddatetime > NOW() OR enddatetime IS NULL); IF temp_count > 1 THEN out_status := 1; out_status_description := 'Invalid rows in costs table!'; RETURN; ELSEIF temp_count = 1 THEN SELECT INTO temp_costs costs FROM costs WHERE costtype = 'MEMBERMESSAGE' AND company_uuid = in_company_uuid AND startdatetime < NOW() AND (enddatetime > NOW() OR enddatetime IS NULL); ELSE SELECT INTO temp_costs costs FROM costs WHERE costtype = 'MEMBERMESSAGE' AND company_uuid IS NULL AND startdatetime < NOW() AND (enddatetime > NOW() OR enddatetime IS NULL); END IF; IF temp_costs != in_messagecosts THEN out_status := 2; out_status_description := 'Message costs have changed during sending of the message'; RETURN; ELSE SELECT INTO temp_balance balance FROM companies WHERE company_uuid = in_company_uuid; SELECT INTO temp_count COUNT(*) FROM users WHERE (user_uuid = ANY(in_destinationmemberuuids)) OR (user_uuid IN (SELECT user_uuid FROM targetgroupusers WHERE targetgroup_uuid = ANY(in_destinationgroupuuids)) ) GROUP BY user_uuid; temp_campaign_uuid := generate_uuid('campaigns', 'campaign_uuid'); INSERT INTO campaigns (company_uuid, campaign_uuid, title, senddatetime, startdatetime, enddatetime, messagetype, state, message) VALUES (in_company_uuid, temp_campaign_uuid, in_title, NOW() + in_timedelta, NOW() + in_timedelta, NOW() + in_timedelta, 'MEMBERMESSAGE', 'DRAFT', in_messagecontents); IF in_timedelta > '00:00:00' THEN ELSE IF temp_balance < (temp_costs * temp_count) THEN UPDATE campaigns SET state = 'INACTIVE' WHERE campaign_uuid = temp_campaign_uuid; out_status := 2; out_status_description := 'Insufficient balance'; RETURN; ELSE UPDATE campaigns SET state = 'ACTIVE' WHERE campaign_uuid = temp_campaign_uuid; UPDATE companies SET balance = (temp_balance - (temp_costs * temp_count)) WHERE company_uuid = in_company_uuid; SELECT INTO temp_destination_uuids array_agg(DISTINCT(user_uuid)) FROM users WHERE (user_uuid = ANY(in_destinationmemberuuids)) OR (user_uuid IN(SELECT user_uuid FROM targetgroupusers WHERE targetgroup_uuid = ANY(in_destinationgroupuuids))); RAISE NOTICE 'Array is %', temp_destination_uuids; FOR temp_record IN (SELECT u.firstname, m.mobilenumber FROM users AS u LEFT JOIN mobilenumbers AS m ON m.user_uuid = u.user_uuid WHERE u.user_uuid = ANY(temp_destination_uuids)) LOOP IF temp_record.mobilenumber IS NOT NULL AND temp_record.mobilenumber != '' THEN --THIS IS WHERE IT GOES WRONG temp_mobilenumbers[temp_iterator] := ARRAY[temp_record.firstname::VARCHAR, temp_record.mobilenumber::VARCHAR]; temp_iterator := temp_iterator + 1; END IF; END LOOP; out_status := 0; out_status_description := 'Message created successfully'; out_value := temp_mobilenumbers; RETURN; END IF; END IF; END IF; END$$;

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  • Cannot create a row of size 8074 which is greater than the allowable maximum row size of 8060.

    - by Lieven Cardoen
    I have already asked a question about this, but the problems keeps on hitting me ;-) I have two tables that are identical. I want to add a xml column. In the first table this is no problem, but in the second table I get the sqlException (title). However, apart from the data in it, they are the same. So, can I get the sqlException because of data in the table? I have also tried to store the field off page with EXEC sp_tableoption 'dbo.PackageSessionNodesFinished', 'large value types out of row', 1 but without any succes. The same SqlException keeps coming. First table: PackageSessionNodes CREATE TABLE [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes]( [PackageSessionNodeId] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [PackageSessionId] [int] NOT NULL, [TreeNodeId] [int] NOT NULL, [Duration] [int] NULL, [Score] [float] NOT NULL, [ScoreMax] [float] NOT NULL, [Interactions] [xml] NOT NULL, [BrainTeaser] [bit] NULL, [DateCreated] [datetime] NULL, [CompletionStatus] [int] NOT NULL, [ReducedScore] [float] NOT NULL, [ReducedScoreMax] [float] NOT NULL, [ContentInteractions] [xml] NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_PackageSessionNodes] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [PackageSessionNodeId] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] Second table: PackageSessionNodesFinished CREATE TABLE [dbo].[PackageSessionNodesFinished]( [PackageSessionNodeFinishedId] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [PackageSessionId] [int] NOT NULL, [TreeNodeId] [int] NOT NULL, [Duration] [int] NULL, [Score] [float] NOT NULL, [ScoreMax] [float] NOT NULL, [Interactions] [xml] NOT NULL, [BrainTeaser] [bit] NULL, [DateCreated] [datetime] NULL, [CompletionStatus] [int] NOT NULL, [ReducedScore] [float] NOT NULL, [ReducedScoreMax] [float] NOT NULL, [ContentInteractions] [xml] NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_PackageSessionNodesFinished] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [PackageSessionNodeFinishedId] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] First script I tried to run (First two ALTER TABLE work fine, the third crashes on SqlException) ALTER TABLE dbo.PackageSessionNodes ADD ContentInteractions xml NOT NULL CONSTRAINT DF_PackageSessionNodes_ContentInteractions DEFAULT (('<contentinteractions/>')); ALTER TABLE dbo.PackageSessionNodes DROP CONSTRAINT DF_PackageSessionNodes_ContentInteractions ALTER TABLE dbo.PackageSessionNodesFinished ADD ContentInteractions xml NOT NULL CONSTRAINT DF_PackageSessionNodesFinished_ContentInteractions DEFAULT (('<contentinteractions/>')); ALTER TABLE dbo.PackageSessionNodesFinished DROP CONSTRAINT DF_PackageSessionNodesFinished_ContentInteractions Second script I tried to run with the same result as previous script: EXEC sp_tableoption 'dbo.PackageSessionNodes', 'large value types out of row', 1 ALTER TABLE dbo.PackageSessionNodes ADD ContentInteractions xml NOT NULL CONSTRAINT DF_PackageSessionNodes_ContentInteractions DEFAULT (('<contentinteractions/>')); ALTER TABLE dbo.PackageSessionNodes DROP CONSTRAINT DF_PackageSessionNodes_ContentInteractions EXEC sp_tableoption 'dbo.PackageSessionNodesFinished', 'large value types out of row', 1 ALTER TABLE dbo.PackageSessionNodesFinished ADD ContentInteractions xml NOT NULL CONSTRAINT DF_PackageSessionNodesFinished_ContentInteractions DEFAULT (('<contentinteractions/>')); ALTER TABLE dbo.PackageSessionNodesFinished DROP CONSTRAINT DF_PackageSessionNodesFinished_ContentInteractions Now, In PackageSessionNodes there are 234 records, in PackageSessionNodesFinished there are 4256946 records. Really would appreciate some help here as I'm stuck.

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