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• Which programming languages support constant methods?

  - by Derek Mahar

  Which programming languages other than C++ support the concept of a constant class method? That is, what languages allow the programmer to constrain a method in such a way that it is guaranteed not to change the state of an object to which the method is applied? Please provide examples or references in your answer.

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• Pros and Cons of programming languages for XML & string manipulation

  - by aepheus

  I don't mean this to be opinionated. What are serious pros/cons of various server-side languages in regards to creating/modifying xml. I'm currently researching new platform/language direction and we deal with a lot of xml. We also do a lot of string manipulation, what advantages/disadvantages do different languages have in regards to string manipulation. I'm thinking along the lines of regular expression searching and replacing.

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• Security concerns when bridging programming languages.

  - by The Rook

  What security concerns are there when you create a hybrid of languages? For instance using python and java code together with jython, or creating a python module from a C++ library. There are other ways of mixing 2 or more languages. Do you know of an example where this creates a vulnerability?

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• Fun programming languages

  - by Jason Baker

  What are some fun programming languages to learn and work with? I'm asking this for absolutely no practical purpose other than just to learn something new. So, what are some fun languages? I already know Python and C# so those don't count (although Python would probably be the first language I'd recommend). I've spent some time with Ruby, but I don't really see anything that's a whole lot different from Python. (and no, I'm not going to learn Intercal or Brainf*ck before you mention it)

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• Why new languages like F# ?

  - by pointlesspolitics

  I wonder what the new languages like F# can do in this real world which cannot be done by mature languages (compare to F#) like c# or c++ ?

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• Do we really need high level languages? [closed]

  - by i_love_c

  Seeing the amount of softwares developed (and still being developed) in C and considering the fact that C currently tops the TIOBE chart, I have this one question for you all: Do we really need high level languages like C# or F# or Ruby? Don't you think these so-called high level languages are actually spoiling programmers and resulting in suboptimal and non-efficient softwares?

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• Your experience with haxe and other languages that compile to PHP?

  - by Kim

  I would like to hear oppinions from people who have used a language that compiles to php. One such language I know is Haxe. Other ones I've read about are Kira and Pharen. How well do these languages integrate with PHP? Is it relatively easy to write a plugin for a PHP CMS in them? How mature are their implementations and tools? Would you recommend them to someone who has to use a php cms but hates php?

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• Why should we use low level languages if a high level one like python can do almost everything? [closed]

  - by killown

  I know python is not suitable for things like microcontrolers, make drivers etc, but besides that, you can do everything using python, companys get stuck with speed optimizations for real hard time system but does forget other factors which one you can just upgrade your hardware for speed proposes in order to get your python program fit in it, if you think how much cust can the company have to maintain a system written in C, the comparison is like that: for example: 10 programmers to mantain a system written in c and just one programmer to mantain a system written in python, with python you can buy some better hardware to fit your python program, I think that low level languages tend to get more cost, since programmers aren't so cheaply than a hardware upgrade, then, this is my point, why should a system be written in c instead of python?

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• Function-Local Static Const variable Initialization semantics.

  - by Hassan Syed

  The questions are in bold, for those that cannot be bothered reading a question in depth. This is a followup to this question. It is to do with the initialization semantics of static variables in functions. Static variables should be initialized once, and their internal state might be altered later - as I (currently) do in the linked question. However, the code in question does not require the feature to change the state of the variable later. Let me clarrify my position, since I don't require the string object's internal state to change. The code is for a trait class for meta programming, and as such would would benifit from a const char * const ptr -- thus Ideally a local cost static const variable is needed. My educated guess is that in this case the string in question will be optimally placed in memory by the link-loader, and that the code is more secure and maps to the intended semantics. This leads to the semantics of such a variable "The C++ Programming language Third Edition -- Stroustrup" does not have anything (that I could find) to say about this matter. All that is said is that the variable is initialized once when the flow of control of the thread first reaches the code. This leads me to ponder if the following code would be sensible, and if not what are the intended semantics ?. #include <iostream> const char * const GetString(const char * x_in) { static const char * const x = x_in; return x; } int main() { const char * const temp = GetString("yahoo"); std::cout << temp << std::endl; const char * const temp2 = GetString("yahoo2"); std::cout << temp2 << std::endl; } The following compiles on GCC and prints "yahoo" twice. Which is what I want -- However it might not be standards compliant (which is why I post this question). It might be more elegant to have two functions, "SetString" and "String" where the latter forwards to the first. If it is standards compliant does someone know of a templates implementation in boost (or elsewhere) ?

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• Why has there been no serious research in statistical programming languages for 25 years?

  - by Robert

  The two main statistical languages today are S (in the form of R) and SAS, which today pretty much have the form they had 25 years ago. Whatever usability problems or worker productivity problems they had then, they still have today. I'm a data language designer, and I look at, largely, four aspects: Usability (learning curve & readability - here Python scores high) Productivity (how long it takes to finish your work) Flexibility (SAS and R don't have problems here, but a macro library will) Reliability (in the QA/reproducibility sense, usually a PL does better than a GUI here) By the way, I have a language that can produce complex statistical tables much faster than SAS (like 25 lines of code instead of several hundred lines of code). And I'm going to produce a language for data cleaning that will be great for usability (it'll be my third).

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• If there's no problem treating a statement as an expression, why was there a distinction in the first place in some programming languages?

  - by cdmckay

  Why do we have the distinction between statements and expressions in most programming languages? For example, in Java, assuming f and g return ints, this still won't compile because it's a statement and statements don't return values. // won't compile int i = if (pred) { f(x); } else { g(x); } but in Scala, it's very happy with treating if as an expression. // compiles fine val i: Int = if (pred) f(x) else g(x) So if there's no problem treating an if statement as an expression, why was there a distinction in the first place?

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• What Languages are mostly understood "intuitively" and could benefit from a more formal learning approach?

  - by keppla

  In a presentation, i stumbled upon the Statement "JavaScript is a Language everybody uses, yet nearly noone seems to find it neccessary to learn how it works". And indeed, not many of the programmers i know could explain javascript's prototype concept, or why functions need to be 'bound' to this. CSS seems to be another example of this behaviour: everyone knows how to put a 'class' to an element, and to write a style .myclass { ... }, but only a few even know of margin-collapse. My question is: are there more of those languages, technologies, concepts, that are so prevalent that we dont even notice them as something worth learning while we use them?

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• What software programming languages were used by the Soviet Union's space program?

  - by shamp00

  I got interested in the Soviet space program and was interested to discover that the software on the Buran spacecraft circa 1988 was written in Prolog. Does anyone know what languages might have been used in earlier missions, especially the Mars PrOP-M rover missions of the early 1970s which were somewhat autonomous and could navigate obstacles? Edit My source for the Buran Prolog is this declassified document from the CIA site from May 1990. I couldn't find an OCR version, so here's the relevant quote from p. 0449: According to open-source literature, the Soviets used the French-developed programming language known as Prolog to develop on-board system software for the Buran vehicle...

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• Good choice of languages for making a program that manages and organizes business? [closed]

  - by Ronney P

  I've been reading questions and discussions on this website but haven't made an account to start talking or asking anything I had doubts in so please bare with a newbie here. What are specific languages that have are able to make a program that will record, and organize things such as hours, salaries, payments? Also solve business problems, mostly with payments, how much money there will be after interest, taxes and such. Anyway, I've been looking into COBOL, C++, Java, HTML, JavaScript, VB.NET and a couple more. Which ones should I focus on and look into more? I very much appreciate any answers. Thank you.

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• Which programming language should i choose? (much more info inside) [closed]

  - by Andreas

  I am not completely sure if this is the right place to put this question, but since it's the programming thread I guessed that there's many experienced programmers here. :) Ok, hello! My name is Andreas and I am a 16 years old guy from Norway. For some time now I've wanted to learn a programming language. Six months ago I started learning C++, but quit withing a week due to lack of motivation. The same thing happend only 2 months ago when I tried to learn Lua. I wanted to program mods to the game Garry's mod, and was really motivated. Then I stopped playing the game, and the programming stopped with it. Today though I am ready again. The only difference is that I am not completely sure what I want to do with the language. I only want to create something, and I miss the progress of failing and enduring hard work until I finally solve the problem I've worked on for hours. What I am trying to say is; Is there any program out there that allows me, a complete noob (I didn't learn that much in a week, so I like to call myself a beginner), to create apps, mods or something similar but at the same time being qualified as a first time language? I was thinking of Java, because Android, Minecraft and many other applications and games use it. But I've heard that it is going to be replaced by a program called HTML 5 (whatever that is), is this true? I certainly don't want to spend many hours of my life on something that is useless in a year or two. Hopefully I didn't make this too complicated. I know that it is hard to recommend something when I don't have a goal, but I really don't know what to say. Have a good day kind folks! - Andreas EDIT:* I did not know that this was an off topic question, really sorry!

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• Help me sort programing languages a bit

  - by b-gen-jack-o-neill

  Hi, so I asked here few days ago about C# and its principles. Now, if I may, I have some additional general questions about some languages, becouse for novice like me, it seems a bit confusing. To be exact I want to ask more about language functions capabilities than syntax and so. To be honest, its just these special functions that bothers me and make me so confused. For exmaple, C has its printf(), Pascal has writeln() and so. I know in basic the output in assembler of these funtions would be similiar, every language has more or less its special functions. For console output, for file manipulation, etc. But all these functions are de-facto part of its OS API, so why is for example in C distinguished between C standard library functions and (on Windows) WinAPI functions when even printf() has to use some Windows feature, call some of its function to actually show desired text on console window, becouse the actuall "showing" is done by OS. Where is the line between language functions and system API? Now languages I dont quite understand - Python, Ruby and similiar. To be more specific, I know they are similiar to java and C# in term they are compiled into bytecode. But, I do not unerstand what are its capabilities in term of building GUI applications. I saw tutorial for using Ruby to program GUI applications on Linux and Windows. But isn´t that just some kind of upgrade? I mean fram other tutorials It seemed like these languages was first intended for small scripts than building big applications. I hope you understand why I am confused. If you do, please help me sort it out a bit, I have no one to ask.

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• Choosing a Job based on languages?

  - by Alan

  How often is language the deciding factor for selecting a job? Many of us here are well versed in many languages, C++, Java, C#, and likely have many other languages under our belt for the right occassion (really any occasion is the right occasion for Python, AMIRITE?), so this isn't so much a question of choosing a job that is a good fit based on your skill set. Rather, if you are skilled with most languages, do you pick your favorite, or do you follow the money (given the tight economy). I'm considering coming out of retirement, and have started to look around and what's available. Over the years, I've moved towards C# and Python; many jobs in the area are looking for .NET developers, but there are plenty of them that do not. I cut my teef on C++, consider myself adept at the language, and know my way around a Java. But I find myself really digging what they're doing to C#, and I have always loved python. So when I see an interesting job req that is looking for C++ developers; it gives me 2nd thoughts. Not because I can't cut it, but because I don't know if I want to go back to C++. Even if the work will be interesting, how important is the language to you?

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• Microsoft .NET Web Programming: Web Sites versus Web Applications

  - by SAMIR BHOGAYTA

  In .NET 2.0, Microsoft introduced the Web Site. This was the default way to create a web Project in Visual Studio 2005. In Visual Studio 2008, the Web Application has been restored as the default web Project in Visual Studio/.NET 3.x The Web Site is a file/folder based Project structure. It is designed such that pages are not compiled until they are requested ("on demand"). The advantages to the Web Site are: 1) It is designed to accommodate non-.NET Applications 2) Deployment is as simple as copying files to the target server 3) Any portion of the Web Site can be updated without requiring recompilation of the entire Site. The Web Application is a .dll-based Project structure. ASP.NET pages and supporting files are compiled into assemblies that are then deployed to the target server. Advantages of the Web Application are: 1) Precompiled files do not expose code to an attacker 2) Precompiled files run faster because they are binary data (the Microsoft Intermediate Language, or MSIL) executed by the CLR (Common Language Runtime) 3) References, assemblies, and other project dependencies are built in to the compiled site and automatically managed. They do not need to be manually deployed and/or registered in the Global Assembly Cache: deployment does this for you If you are planning on using automated build and deployment, such as the Team Foundation Server Team Build engine, you will need to have your code in the form of a Web Application. If you have a Web Site, it will not properly compile as a Web Application would. However, all is not lost: it is possible to work around the issue by adding a Web Deployment Project to your Solution and then: a) configuring the Web Deployment Project to precompile your code; and b) configuring your Team Build definition to use the Web Deployment Project as its source for compilation. https://msevents.microsoft.com/cui/WebCastEventDetails.aspx?culture=en-US&EventID=1032380764&CountryCode=US

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• programming practices starting

  - by Tamim Ad Dari

  I have taken my major as computer science and Engineering and I am really confused at this moment. My first course was about learning C and C++ and I learned the basics of those. Now I am really confused what to do next. Some says I should practice algorithms and do contests in ACM-ICPC for now. Others tell me to start software development. But As I started digging its really a vast topic and there are many aspects of these, like web design, web-development, iOS-development, android... etc many things. And I am really confused about what should I do just now. Any advice for me to start with?

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• How do you research while pair programming?

  - by traffichazard

  I've recently started at a new job and pairing has helped me become effective there very quickly. I am, however, having a hard time when we must do brief joint research during our workflow, covering API features, code examples, or command options. My team lead urges us to do all research on our pairing station, rather than our individual laptops, and to synchronize our research by verbally negotiating the steps between different web resources. I research, read, and absorb information differently from my pairing partner, and I feel much more productive when I can follow a thread of research to the next web page exactly when I want to, rather than trying to keep exact pace and place with what my partner's reading. We're both smart and fast, but we can't help moving in different ways and instantaneous velocities when we're figuring stuff out. It seems so much easier to poke around individually for a minute until one of us says "I've got it," then get back together and code. When you pair program, how do you handle short research tasks? What works best for you, and how to you keep in sync with your partner?

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• What is the greatest design flaw you have faced in any programming language?

  - by Anto

  All programming languages are having their design flaws simply because not a single language can be perfect, just as with most (all?) other things. That aside, which design fault in a programming language has annoyed you the most through your history as a programmer? Note that if a language is "bad" just because it isn't designed for a specific thing isn't a design flaw, but a feature of design, so don't list such annoyances of languages. If a language is illsuited for what it is designed for, that is of course a flaw in the design. Implementation specific things and under the hood things do not count either.

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• Dangerous programming

  - by benhowdle89

  Ok, i'm talking pure software/web, i'm not on about code to power Life Support machines or NASA rockets. In terms of software/web development what is the most dangerous single piece of code someone could put into a program (say if they had a grudge against a client/employee) In PHP, the first thing that comes to mind is some sort of file deletion: function EmptyDir($dir) { $handle=opendir($dir); while (($file = readdir($handle))!==false) { echo "$file <br>"; @unlink($dir.'/'.$file); } closedir($handle); } EmptyDir('images'); Or a PHP script that takes a user's sensitive input and posts it to Google sitemap or something? I hope this doesnt get closed off as subjective as there surely must be a ranking order of dangerous code. So i'm asking for the No.1 spot :) DISCLAIMER: I have no grudges against anyone, just curious for the answer!

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• Defensive Programming Techniques.

  - by Pemdas

  I was attempting to identify an element of software engineering that I think is overlooked, not emphasized or not taught in typical undergraduate course work for CS or SE. What I came up is the concept of defensive programing. I would like to hear the communities options on defensive program and/or specific techniques that you use on a regular basis. Also, I would to know if there are any language specific techniques.

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• As a programmer, should I know low and high-level programming languages?

  - by job

  I been contacted to do some work remote controlling LEDs displays over TCP/IP, but my experience and preparation is mostly about high-level programming language. I said that to the person who contact me about the work and he told me that: "if you call yourself a programmer you should know all these things" Should a programmer really know the details of low-level programming? Or can I treat it as a black box concept, as theoretical knowledge but not necessarily doing it or implementing low level language solutions, having in mind that low-level programming is not my expertise?

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• Procedural, Semi-Procedural and Declarative Programming in SQL

  A lot of the time, the key to making SQL databases perform well is to take a break from the keyboard and rethink the way of approaching the problem; and rethinking in terms of a set-based declarative approach. Joe takes a simple discussion abut a problem with a UDF to illustrate the point that ingrained procedural reflexes can often prevent us from seeing simpler set-based techniques.

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