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• What is a raid "sub-system"?

  - by Dan

  I've been looking at various server raid systems on newegg and was wondering what it means by "Sub-System" for things like Tekram T08 8 Bay Desktop Tower RAID Sub-System. What is a "sub-system"? Thanks

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• Windows Server 2008 Software Raid 5 - Data integrity issues

  - by Fopedush

  I've got a server running Windows Server 2008 R2, with a (windows native) software raid-5 array. The array consists of 7x 1TB Western Digital RE3 and RE4 drives. I have offline backups of this array. The problem is this: I noticed a few days ago after copying a large file to the disk that there was an integrity issue with that file - it was a ~12GB file that I had downloaded via uTorrent. After moving it to the raid array, I used uTorrent to relocate the download location, and performed a re-check so I could seed it from that location. The recheck found that only 6308/6310 chunks of the copied file were intact. My next step was to write a quick powershell script that would copy files to the array, while performing a SHA1 hash of the original and resultant files and comparing them. Smaller files (100-1000MB) copied over just fine. When I started copying larger data (~15GB), I found that the hash check failed about 2/3rds of the time. The corrupt files had very, very small inconsistencies - less than .01%. I further eliminated the possibility of networking or client issues by placing this large file on the C:\ of the server, and copying it repeatedly from there to the array, seeing similar results. Copying the data via explorer, powershell, or the standard windows command prompt yield the same results. None of the copies fail or report any problems. The raid array itself is listed as healthy in disk management. After a few experiments, I shut down the server and ran memtest overnight. No errors were detected. A basic run of chkdsk found no problems, but I did not use the /R flag, as I was unsure how that might affect a software raid-5 volume. I next ran Crystal Disk Info to check the smart data on the drives - but found that CDI only detected 5 out of 7 of the disks in the array. I have no idea why. Nevertheless, CDI shows the following "caution" flags on a single one of the drives: 05 199 199 140 000000000001 Reallocated Sectors Count C5 200 200 __0 000000000001 Current Pending Sector Count Which is a little bit alarming, but I don't really know what to do with the information. I hardly feel like one reallocated sector could be causing this. At this point, I'm looking for some guidance on what to do next. I need to determine the cause of this issue, but I'm hesitant to run chkdsk /R or any bootable disk health checkers because I'm afraid they might break the array. I've considered triggering a re-sync of the array, but I'm not actually sure how to do that without doing something silly like manually dropping a disk and then restoring it. Any advice that could help me ferret out the precise cause of this issue would be greatly appreciated.

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• How long to install a new RAID 1 pair in linux using hardware RAID?

  - by Roger H

  Hi, I need to install a pair of 1Tb disks into a server that has a hardware RAID card. How long is it likely to take to configure the RAID controller - sticking the disks in is only a 5 minute job, but is there likely to be significant downtime while both disks mirror (even though they are both blank)? Am I looking at 10 minutes over all, or more like 2 hours for this to happen? Thanks

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• Creating software raid on spare internal drives with Fedora

  - by Wizzard

  Hi there, I got two internal 80GB drives which are blank and just sitting in the case. I have tried googling for the steps or some info but I can only find out how to setup raid when I am first installing Fedora - not for doing when already setup. These are two new (old) drives, that are blank, the system is not on them so should really just be as simple as formating and then binding them to a raid - but can't find any information. Any clues?

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• Access to MediaShield RAID utility

  - by Serg

  I'm using RAID-1 configuration on a PC which will be accessible by many people who are not very experienced with computers. So I'd want to restrict access to MediaShield RAID configuration utility with pops-up on every boot proposing to press F10 button. Is there a way to hide that boot message or protect the utility with a password?

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• Build a software raid 1 on windows XP

  - by elgrego

  I have nothing but bad experiences in using built in raid controller. Is there a possibility to use the software raid features of windows 2003 in Windows XP?

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• Booting From VIA VT6421A Based PCI SATA Card

  - by Priyan R

  I bought a VIA VT6421A based SATA card for an 845 chipset based motherboard. The card is working i can access sata hdd from windows/linux. The problem is i can't directly boot from the sata card. My motherboard is award bios 6 based. I tried first boot as SCSI, its not worked. There is no Raid Bios screen appeared from the card. On searching i found , Add VT6421A bios to system bios as pci addon bios. I did it using cbrom6 , successfully added VT6421A bios to the existing bios. But now on booting instead of raid bios system bios showed Warning : something like cannot load add on rom for vendor id xxxx device id xxx . Whats wrong ? As the card is VT6421A based and i added VT6421A bios got from VIA website.

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• How to set up RAID 1 on Dell PERC S300 With Existing OS Install

  - by Daniel Dugger

  We have a server that is being used in production, but it was not originally meant to. The main thing I want to add to it is a Dell PERC S300 RAID Card to have the main hard drive (Windows Server 2008 R2) mirrored on another hard drive. I can not initialize the disk and wipe the the OS to create the array and then re-install. Is there a way to create the array with a current hard drive, without affecting it, and just mirroring the drive? If that card is not an option, is there a card that would allow that? The server is a Dell PowerEdge T110 II.

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• Second video card (PCI) under Windows 7

  - by dbkk101

  I'm trying to get an old PCI video card (Diamond Stealth 2500) along with a normal PCI-E video card. In BIOS, there is a setting to switch between PEG/PCI or PCI/PEG on startup (PEG is PCI-E Graphics). When I use PCI/PEG only the old PCI card works, when I use the other one, only the new PEG card works. In PEG/PCI mode, Windows 7 recognizes the card and shows it in Device Manager as Standard VGA adapter, but it shows a warning for the device ("This device cannot start. (Code 10)").

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• Bootable SD card still has small memory, even after formating

  - by Inazuma

  I have an SD card which I used to run my RaspberryPi. I wanted to update the copy of raspbian on it, so I formated the card using the software from www.sdcard.com. I followed all the instructions correctly, however the size of my SD card didn't go back to it's default. It is a 4gb SD card, which after it's spell in the RaspberryPi had shrunken to 52mb, which I understand is normal. After formatting, the size rose to 3.69gb. This means that there is not enough space to install a new OS, so how can I make my SD card 4gb again? Any help would be much appreciated!

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• video card for only watching videos

  - by Nothing 2 Lose

  I recently quit gaming so I took out my (GeForce GTX 550 Ti) video card and switched back to the (cheap) integrated card because I don't want the dedicated card using up power & making unnecessary heat/noise. But now I get lag when I watch high-res movies, or when I open several videos at the same time, but I don't want to go back to my (big/expensive) video card because that seems like overkill. What is the smallest/cheapest card which will only be good enough for watching videos without lagging ? (but not for gaming) PS. My CPU is: AMD Phenom 9850 Quad-Core Processor

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• Enlarge partition on SD card

  - by chenwj

  I have followed Cloning an SD card onto a larger SD card to clone a 2G SD card to a 32G SD card, and the file system is ext4. However, on the 32G SD card I only can see 2G space available. Is there a way to maximize it out? Here is the output of fdisk: Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 32.0 GB, 32026656768 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 30543 cylinders, total 62552064 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000e015a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 32 147455 73712 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sdb2 147456 3994623 1923584 83 Linux I want to make /dev/sdb2 use up the remaining space. I try resize2fs /dev/sdb after dd, but get message below: $ sudo resize2fs /dev/sdb resize2fs 1.42 (29-Nov-2011) resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sdb Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock. Any idea on what I am doing wrong? Thanks.

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• Multiplayer card game using PHP/Ajax and mysql

  - by Alireza Seifi

  I am designing a map game, using PHP and MYSQL. I don't know how to make the players who sign-in to the website to see other players who are also connected to the site and be able to chat with one another. I want to design the game in such a way that 2 players can play with each other and be able to send messages during the game while others groups are playing at the same time. I have designed the map game successfully, but the problem is making the player 1 who log-in to site to see the player 2 who will also log-in and both can get connected to play each other. http://i.stack.imgur.com/YyCPG.png I will appreciate your responses.

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• Access files on Samsung Galaxy S3 external sd card using ubuntu 12.04

  - by nense

  I have a Samsung Galaxy s3 running the stock Samsung ROM and I'm trying to transfer files - videos, photos, music and downloads, from my handset to my system via USB running Ubuntu 12.04. I have followed to links suggested How to connect Samsung Galaxy S3 via USB? But it all goes over my head. Can anyone help me with a simple GUI program or a link so I can simply copy and paste selected files from my phone onto my system?

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• mdadm: Win7-install created a boot partition on one of my RAID6 drives. How to rebuild?

  - by EXIT_FAILURE

  My problem happened when I attempted to install Windows 7 on it's own SSD. The Linux OS I used which has knowledge of the software RAID system is on a SSD that I disconnected prior to the install. This was so that windows (or I) wouldn't inadvertently mess it up. However, and in retrospect, foolishly, I left the RAID disks connected, thinking that windows wouldn't be so ridiculous as to mess with a HDD that it sees as just unallocated space. Boy was I wrong! After copying over the installation files to the SSD (as expected and desired), it also created an ntfs partition on one of the RAID disks. Both unexpected and totally undesired! . I changed out the SSDs again, and booted up in linux. mdadm didn't seem to have any problem assembling the array as before, but if I tried to mount the array, I got the error message: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so dmesg: EXT4-fs (md0): ext4_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 0 not in group (block 1318081259)! EXT4-fs (md0): group descriptors corrupted! I then used qparted to delete the newly created ntfs partition on /dev/sdd so that it matched the other three /dev/sd{b,c,e}, and requested a resync of my array with echo repair > /sys/block/md0/md/sync_action This took around 4 hours, and upon completion, dmesg reports: md: md0: requested-resync done. A bit brief after a 4-hour task, though I'm unsure as to where other log files exist (I also seem to have messed up my sendmail configuration). In any case: No change reported according to mdadm, everything checks out. mdadm -D /dev/md0 still reports: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Wed May 23 22:18:45 2012 Raid Level : raid6 Array Size : 3907026848 (3726.03 GiB 4000.80 GB) Used Dev Size : 1953513424 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Mon May 26 12:41:58 2014 State : clean Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 4K Name : okamilinkun:0 UUID : 0c97ebf3:098864d8:126f44e3:e4337102 Events : 423 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb 1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc 2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd 3 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde Trying to mount it still reports: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so and dmesg: EXT4-fs (md0): ext4_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 0 not in group (block 1318081259)! EXT4-fs (md0): group descriptors corrupted! I'm a bit unsure where to proceed from here, and trying stuff "to see if it works" is a bit too risky for me. This is what I suggest I should attempt to do: Tell mdadm that /dev/sdd (the one that windows wrote into) isn't reliable anymore, pretend it is newly re-introduced to the array, and reconstruct its content based on the other three drives. I also could be totally wrong in my assumptions, that the creation of the ntfs partition on /dev/sdd and subsequent deletion has changed something that cannot be fixed this way. My question: Help, what should I do? If I should do what I suggested , how do I do that? From reading documentation, etc, I would think maybe: mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --set-faulty /dev/sdd mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sdd mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --re-add /dev/sdd However, the documentation examples suggest /dev/sdd1, which seems strange to me, as there is no partition there as far as linux is concerned, just unallocated space. Maybe these commands won't work without. Maybe it makes sense to mirror the partition table of one of the other raid devices that weren't touched, before --re-add. Something like: sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdd Bonus question: Why would the Windows 7 installation do something so st...potentially dangerous? Update I went ahead and marked /dev/sdd as faulty, and removed it (not physically) from the array: # mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --set-faulty /dev/sdd # mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sdd However, attempting to --re-add was disallowed: # mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --re-add /dev/sdd mdadm: --re-add for /dev/sdd to /dev/md0 is not possible --add, was fine. # mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdd mdadm -D /dev/md0 now reports the state as clean, degraded, recovering, and /dev/sdd as spare rebuilding. /proc/mdstat shows the recovery progress: md0 : active raid6 sdd[4] sdc[1] sde[3] sdb[0] 3907026848 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 4k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UU_U] [>....................] recovery = 2.1% (42887780/1953513424) finish=348.7min speed=91297K/sec nmon also shows expected output: ¦sdb 0% 87.3 0.0| > |¦ ¦sdc 71% 109.1 0.0|RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR > |¦ ¦sdd 40% 0.0 87.3|WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW > |¦ ¦sde 0% 87.3 0.0|> || It looks good so far. Crossing my fingers for another five+ hours :) Update 2 The recovery of /dev/sdd finished, with dmesg output: [44972.599552] md: md0: recovery done. [44972.682811] RAID conf printout: [44972.682815] --- level:6 rd:4 wd:4 [44972.682817] disk 0, o:1, dev:sdb [44972.682819] disk 1, o:1, dev:sdc [44972.682820] disk 2, o:1, dev:sdd [44972.682821] disk 3, o:1, dev:sde Attempting mount /dev/md0 reports: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so And on dmesg: [44984.159908] EXT4-fs (md0): ext4_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 0 not in group (block 1318081259)! [44984.159912] EXT4-fs (md0): group descriptors corrupted! I'm not sure what do do now. Suggestions? Output of dumpe2fs /dev/md0: dumpe2fs 1.42.8 (20-Jun-2013) Filesystem volume name: Atlas Last mounted on: /mnt/atlas Filesystem UUID: e7bfb6a4-c907-4aa0-9b55-9528817bfd70 Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: user_xattr acl Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 244195328 Block count: 976756712 Reserved block count: 48837835 Free blocks: 92000180 Free inodes: 243414877 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Reserved GDT blocks: 791 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 8192 Inode blocks per group: 512 RAID stripe width: 2 Flex block group size: 16 Filesystem created: Thu May 24 07:22:41 2012 Last mount time: Sun May 25 23:44:38 2014 Last write time: Sun May 25 23:46:42 2014 Mount count: 341 Maximum mount count: -1 Last checked: Thu May 24 07:22:41 2012 Check interval: 0 (<none>) Lifetime writes: 4357 GB Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 28 Desired extra isize: 28 Journal inode: 8 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: e177a374-0b90-4eaa-b78f-d734aae13051 Journal backup: inode blocks dumpe2fs: Corrupt extent header while reading journal super block

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• Linux software raid fails to include one device for one RAID1 array

  - by user1389890

  One of my four Linux software raid arrays drops one of its two devices when I reboot my system. The other three arrays work fine. I am running RAID1 on kernel version 2.6.32-5-amd64. Every time I reboot, /dev/md2 comes up with only one device. I can manually add the device by saying $ sudo mdadm /dev/md2 --add /dev/sdc1. This works fine, and mdadm confirms that the device has been re-added as follows: mdadm: re-added /dev/sdc1 After adding the device and and allowing the array time to resynch, this is what the output of $ cat /proc/mdstat looks like: Personalities : [raid1] md3 : active raid1 sda4[0] sdb4[1] 244186840 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sdc1[0] sdd1[1] 732574464 blocks [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 722804416 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1] 6835520 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> Then after I reboot, this is what the output of $ cat /proc/mdstat looks like: Personalities : [raid1] md3 : active raid1 sda4[0] sdb4[1] 244186840 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sdd1[1] 732574464 blocks [2/1] [_U] md1 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 722804416 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1] 6835520 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> During reboot, here is the output of $ sudo cat /var/log/syslog | grep mdadm : Jun 22 19:00:08 rook mdadm[1709]: RebuildFinished event detected on md device /dev/md2 Jun 22 19:00:08 rook mdadm[1709]: SpareActive event detected on md device /dev/md2, component device /dev/sdc1 Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446412] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446415] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446782] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446785] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.515844] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.515847] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.606829] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.606832] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855616] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855620] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855950] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855952] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8027.962169] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8027.962171] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8028.054365] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8028.054368] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.588662] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.588664] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.601990] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.601991] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.602693] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.602695] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.605981] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.605983] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.606138] mdadm: sending ioctl 800c0910 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.606139] mdadm: sending ioctl 800c0910 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:48 rook mdadm[1737]: DegradedArray event detected on md device /dev/md2 Here is the mdadm.conf file: ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=0.90 UUID=92121d42:37f46b82:926983e9:7d8aad9b ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=0.90 UUID=9c1bafc3:1762d51d:c1ae3c29:66348110 ARRAY /dev/md2 metadata=0.90 UUID=98cea6ca:25b5f305:49e8ec88:e84bc7f0 ARRAY /dev/md3 metadata=1.2 name=rook:3 UUID=ca3fce37:95d49a09:badd0ddc:b63a4792 I also ran $ sudo smartctl -t long /dev/sdc and no hardware issues were detected. As long as I do not reboot, /dev/md2 seems to work fine. Does anyone have any suggestions? Here is the output of $ sudo mdadm -E /dev/sdc1 after re-adding the device and letting it resync: /dev/sdc1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 98cea6ca:25b5f305:49e8ec88:e84bc7f0 (local to host rook) Creation Time : Sun Jul 13 08:05:55 2008 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Array Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Update Time : Mon Jun 24 07:42:49 2013 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : 5fd6cc13 - correct Events : 180998 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1 0 0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1 1 1 8 49 1 active sync /dev/sdd1 Here is the output of $ sudo mdadm -D /dev/md2 after re-adding the device and letting it resync: /dev/md2: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Sun Jul 13 08:05:55 2008 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Used Dev Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Mon Jun 24 07:42:49 2013 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 98cea6ca:25b5f305:49e8ec88:e84bc7f0 (local to host rook) Events : 0.180998 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1 1 8 49 1 active sync /dev/sdd1

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• Running PCIE card with the on board video card as well in Windows 7

  - by Russ Johnson

  I have an emachines Windows7 PC. I am trying to run the on board video card along with the dual DVI card I installed in the PCIE slot. In CMOS it shows the on board card as disabled and it will not let me enable it? Its greyed out so I cant even highlight it to change anything. I have done this before in XP on a few different machines so I know its possible, Any idea?

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• Unable to access intel fake RAID 1 array in Fedora 14 after reboot

  - by Sim

  Hello everyone, 1st I am relatively new to linux (but not to *nix). I have 4 disks assembled in the following intel ahci bios fake raid arrays: 2x320GB RAID1 - used for operating systems md126 2x1TB RAID1 - used for data md125 I have used the raid of size 320GB to install my operating system and the second raid I didn't even select during the installation of Fedora 14. After successful partitioning and installation of Fedora, I tried to make the second array available, it was possible to make it visible in linux with mdadm --assembe --scan , after that I created one maximum size partition and 1 maximum size ext4 filesystem in it. Mounted, and used it. After restart - a few I/O errors during boot regarding md125 + inability to mount the filesystem on it and dropped into repair shell. I commented the filesystem in fstab and it booted. To my surprise, the array was marked as "auto read only": [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md125 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sdc[1] sdd[0] 976759808 blocks super external:/md127/0 [2/2] [UU] md127 : inactive sdc[1](S) sdd[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm md126 : active raid1 sda[1] sdb[0] 312566784 blocks super external:/md1/0 [2/2] [UU] md1 : inactive sdb[1](S) sda[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm unused devices: <none> [root@localhost ~]# and the partition in it was not available as device special file in /dev: [root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/md125* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 9, 125 Jan 6 15:50 /dev/md125 [root@localhost ~]# But the partition is there according to fdisk: [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/md125 Disk /dev/md125: 1000.2 GB, 1000202043392 bytes 19 heads, 10 sectors/track, 10281682 cylinders, total 1953519616 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1b238ea9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/md125p1 2048 1953519615 976758784 83 Linux [root@localhost ~]# I tried to "activate" the array in different ways (I'm not experienced with mdadm and the man page is gigantic so I was only browsing it looking for my answer) but it was impossible - the array would still stay in "auto read only" and the device special file for the partition it will not be in /dev. It was only after I recreated the partition via fdisk that it reappeared in /dev... until next reboot. So, my question is - How do I make the array automatically available after reboot? Here is some additional information: 1st I am able to see the UUID of the array in blkid: [root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdc: UUID="b9a1149f-ae11-4fc8-a600-0d77354dc42a" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" /dev/sdd: UUID="b9a1149f-ae11-4fc8-a600-0d77354dc42a" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" /dev/md126p1: UUID="60C8D9A7C8D97C2A" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/md126p2: UUID="3d1b38a3-b469-4b7c-b016-8abfb26a5d7d" TYPE="ext4" /dev/md126p3: UUID="1Msqqr-AAF8-k0wi-VYnq-uWJU-y0OD-uIFBHL" TYPE="LVM2_member" /dev/mapper/vg00-rootlv: LABEL="_Fedora-14-x86_6" UUID="34cc1cf5-6845-4489-8303-7a90c7663f0a" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/vg00-swaplv: UUID="4644d857-e13b-456c-ac03-6f26299c1046" TYPE="swap" /dev/mapper/vg00-homelv: UUID="82bd58b2-edab-4b4b-aec4-b79595ecd0e3" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/vg00-varlv: UUID="1b001444-5fdd-41b6-a59a-9712ec6def33" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/vg00-tmplv: UUID="bf7d2459-2b35-4a1c-9b81-d4c4f24a9842" TYPE="ext4" /dev/md125: UUID="b9a1149f-ae11-4fc8-a600-0d77354dc42a" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" /dev/sda: TYPE="isw_raid_member" /dev/md125p1: UUID="420adfdd-6c4e-4552-93f0-2608938a4059" TYPE="ext4" [root@localhost ~]# Here is how /etc/mdadm.conf looks like: [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf # mdadm.conf written out by anaconda MAILADDR root AUTO +imsm +1.x -all ARRAY /dev/md1 UUID=89f60dee:e46a251f:7475814b:d4cc19a9 ARRAY /dev/md126 UUID=a8775c90:cee66376:5310fc13:63bcba5b ARRAY /dev/md125 UUID=b9a1149f:ae114fc8:a6000d77:354dc42a [root@localhost ~]# here is how /proc/mdstat looks like after I recreate the partition in the array so that it becomes available: [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md125 : active raid1 sdc[1] sdd[0] 976759808 blocks super external:/md127/0 [2/2] [UU] md127 : inactive sdc[1](S) sdd[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm md126 : active raid1 sda[1] sdb[0] 312566784 blocks super external:/md1/0 [2/2] [UU] md1 : inactive sdb[1](S) sda[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm unused devices: <none> [root@localhost ~]# Detailed output regarding the array in subject: [root@localhost ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md125 /dev/md125: Container : /dev/md127, member 0 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 976759808 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Used Dev Size : 976759940 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Update Time : Fri Jan 7 00:38:00 2011 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 30ebc3c2:b6a64751:4758d05c:fa8ff782 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 1 8 32 0 active sync /dev/sdc 0 8 48 1 active sync /dev/sdd [root@localhost ~]# and /etc/fstab, with /data commented (the filesystem that is on this array): # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Thu Jan 6 03:32:40 2011 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/vg00-rootlv / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=3d1b38a3-b469-4b7c-b016-8abfb26a5d7d /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 #UUID=420adfdd-6c4e-4552-93f0-2608938a4059 /data ext4 defaults 0 1 /dev/mapper/vg00-homelv /home ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg00-tmplv /tmp ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg00-varlv /var ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg00-swaplv swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 [root@localhost ~]# Thanks in advance to everyone that even read this whole issue :-)

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• SD Card reader not working on Sony Vaio

  - by TessellatingHeckler

  This laptop (Sony Vaio VGN-Z31MN/B PCG-6z2m) has been installed with Windows 7 64 bit, all the drivers from Sony's VAIO site are installed, and everything in Device Manager both (a) has a driver and (b) shows as working, no exclamation marks or warnings. "Hide empty drives" in Folder options is disabled so the card reader appears, but will not read the card ("please insert a disk in drive O:"). Previously, when the laptop had Windows XP on it, it could read the same card. Also, Windows update suggested driver ("SD Card Reader") doesn't work, Ricoh own drivers install properly but do the same behaviour. Other 3rd party driver suggestions from forums (Acer and Texas-Instruments FlashMedia) do not seem to install properly. I would post the PCI id if I had it, but it was just showing up as rimsptsk\diskricohmemorystickstorage (while it had the Ricoh Driver installed). Edit: If there are any lower level diagnostic utlities which might shed more light on it I'd welcome hearing of them. Anything which might show get it to put troubleshooting logs in the event log or identify chipsets or whatever... Update: Device details are: SD\VID_03&OID_5344&PID_SD04G&REV_8.0\5&4617BC3&0&0 : SD Memory Card PCI\VEN_8086&DEV_2934&SUBSYS_9025104D&REV_03\3&21436425&0&E8: Intel(R) ICH9 Family USB Universal Host Controller - 2934 PCI\VEN_1180&DEV_0476&SUBSYS_9025104D&REV_BA\4&1BD7BFCD&0&20F0: Ricoh R/RL/5C476(II) or Compatible CardBus Controller RIMSPTSK\DISK&VEN_RICOH&PROD_MEMORYSTICKSTORAGE&REV_1.00\MS0001: SD Storage Card PCI\VEN_1180&DEV_0592&SUBSYS_9025104D&REV_11\4&1BD7BFCD&0&24F0: Ricoh Memory Stick Host Controller WPDBUSENUMROOT\UMB\2&37C186B&1&STORAGE#VOLUME#_??_RIMSPTSK#DISK&VEN_RICOH&PROD_MEMORYSTICKSTORAGE&REV_1.00#MS0001#: O:\ STORAGE\VOLUME\{C82A81B8-5A4F-11E0-AACC-806E6F6E6963}#0000000000100000: Generic volume PCI\VEN_1180&DEV_0822&SUBSYS_9025104D&REV_21\4&1BD7BFCD&0&22F0: SDA Standard Compliant SD Host Controller ROOT\LEGACY_FVEVOL\0000 : Bitlocker Drive Encryption Filter Driver PCI\VEN_1180&DEV_0832&SUBSYS_9025104D&REV_04\4&1BD7BFCD&0&21F0: Ricoh 1394 OHCI Compliant Host Controller Now going to search for drivers for that.

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• How to rescue from an SD (SDHC) card that I can't reformat (possible hardware failure)

  - by sbwoodside

  I have a transcend 16GB SDHC card and a lot of photos on it that I'd like to recover. When I plug it into the SD card reader, it takes a while for the Mac to even recognize that there's a disk present, and it shows up as 1.07GB with geometry 520/64/63 (according to fdisk). First I tried file recovery: PhotoRec: no files are found (the images are in CR2 format and I'm using testdisk-6.14-WIP which claims to recognize that format under TIF) dd / ddrescue: they create a 1.07GB image, same problem as above TestDisk: doesn't find any partitions to recover I found a source saying that the correct geometry for this type of SD Card is Heads 255, Sectors/Track 63, Cylinders 1953, so I tried manually setting that geometry in PhotoRec/TestDisk. No improvement. Next I tried formatting the disk with fdisk. After writing and quitting, I ran fdisk again and it reported that the new format hadn't been saved on the disk. I also tried resetting the format/partitions with TestDisk and that failed also. The fdisk log is below. I don't really care about the card, I've already ordered a new SanDisk card. But I'd like to get the data off. Maybe, is there any way to force dd or some other tool to create an image of the disk based on the original geometry and not on what the card "thinks" its geometry is? Or am I missing something?

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• Can't access server sound card when vnc'd into ubuntu server

  - by Corey Kennedy

  I've set up my ubunutu 10 server with xfce, nxserver, and now tightvncserver so that I can control it remotely from my Windows 7 laptop. NX is working fine for remote access, but when I run (for example) exaile, no sound will be sent through the server's sound card. I installed tightvncserver and connected, but ran into the same problem. Exaile opens, sound isn't muted, I can see that sound cards are installed (via cat /proc/asound/cards), but I can't seem to get the remote sessions to access the server's sound card. Also, just to confirm that the sound card was working I hooked up a montior/keyboard to the server and opened a local xfce session. That worked fine. While I had the local session running, I was also able to open a remote session with NXClient and start exaile - which then successfully piped sound to the local card. After disconnecting the monitor/keyboard and moving the box back to its normal spot, though, I was not able to play sound via either an NX or VNC session. Does anyone have any suggestions? Surely it's possible to configure my remote sessions to pipe sound to the server's sound card, right? Or at least get xfce up and running without a monitor or keyboard but with access to the sound card so I can VNC into it? Thanks!

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• Computer won't start after installing new video card

  - by Vercas

  So, 1 year and 340 days ago I bought a desktop computer. Since then, it has served me well. But lately, I wanted an upgrade, so I bought a new video card. I documented myself about the compatibility, and it is okay. So I opened the case, cleaned up that... dust elemental living inside of it. Unscrewed the plastic thingie on the outside to unscrew the old video card. Because of the stupid arrangement of the ports, I had to unscrew the motherboard to unplug it. So I unscrewed it, removed the old card, put in the new one, moved the motherboard back, screwed it back in, screwed the video card on the holder... thingie, and screwed the plastic thingie back in. Everything went smoothly, nothing had to be forced in/out. I connected the external power supply, closed the computer case, put the tower back in it's place and all the cables back in. When I pressed the power button, the LED turned... some color I can't distinguish. It stayed that way for a second, and then it went off. I tried a bunch of things, including permuting the external power supply arrangement (1 connection, 2 connections and no connections), with no success. And here are some of the specifications: Motherboard manufacturer: Asrock Processor: AMD Athlon II X2 3.0 GHz RAM: 2 x 2GB (had only 1 initially, bought the second plate a bit later) OLD video card: AMD Radeon HD 5450 NEW video card: Gigabyte nVidia GeForce GTX 650 GPU, 1GB GDDR5 128bit PCI-E, Dual-link DVI-Dx2 / HDMI / D-Sub Power supply: 450W + all the requirements I managed to find on the internet are met (+12V 18A or something) More specific information is stored... On that computer. If required, I may open the case again and read the stickers to find more specific information. I can also provide photos if necessary. Any ideas? Suggestions? Something? :|

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• Cannot reactivate RAID-5 volume: The size of the plex member is invalid

  - by Ian Boyd

  We had a 3-drive Windows Server 2008 R2 RAID-5 fail (operating in redundancy mode): WDC 1 TB WDC 1 TB WDC 1 TB We removed the failed hard drive, and put a WDC 1 TB drive (that we had standing by) into the machine. When launched, Disk Manager, asked permission to "initialize" the disk as either: Master Boot Record (MBR) Guid Partition Table (GPT) We initialized the disk as GPT, converted it to dynamic, and tried to use the Repair Volume command - except it was greyed out. (which is a terrifying thing on a failed production server hosting 3 virtual servers) i tried from the diskpart command line tool. First we look for our RAID-5 volume that is in Failed Rd mode: DISKPART> list volume Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info ---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- -------- Volume 0 E VMs (Raid5) NTFS RAID-5 1863 GB Failed Rd Volume 1 D DVD-ROM 0 B No Media Volume 2 System Rese NTFS Partition 100 MB Healthy System Volume 3 C NTFS Partition 1862 GB Healthy Boot There, Volume 0. Make that our active context: DISKPART> select volume 0 Volume 0 is the selected volume. Now we need to find the disk we will be repairing the volume with: DISKPART> list disk Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt -------- ------------- ------- ------- --- --- Disk 0 Online 931 GB 0 B * Disk 1 Online 931 GB 931 GB * Disk 2 Online 1863 GB 0 B Disk 3 Online 931 GB 0 B * Disk M0 Missing 0 B 0 B * The disk with 931 GB free, Disk 1. Now we just need to repair the volume: DISKPART> repair disk=1 Virtual Disk Service error: The size of the plex member is invalid.

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• Bad disk performance on HP DL360 with Smarty Array P400i RAID controller

  - by sarge

  I have a HP DL360 server with 4x 146GB SAS disks and a Smart Array P400i RAID controller with 256MB cache. The disks are in RAID 5 (3 disks + 1 hot spare). The server is running VMware ESX 3i. The disk write performance is really bad. Here are some numbers: ns1:~# hdparm -tT /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 3364 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1685.69 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 18 MB in 3.79 seconds = 4.75 MB/sec ns1:~# time sh -c "dd if=/dev/zero of=ddfile bs=8k count=125000 && sync" 125000+0 records in 125000+0 records out 1024000000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 282.307 s, 3.6 MB/s real 4m52.003s user 0m2.160s sys 3m10.796s Compared to another server those number are terrible: Dell R200, 2x 500GB SATA disks, PERC raid controller (disks are mirrored). web4:~# hdparm -tT /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 6584 MB in 2.00 seconds = 3297.79 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 316 MB in 3.02 seconds = 104.79 MB/sec web4:~# time sh -c "dd if=/dev/zero of=ddfile bs=8k count=125000 && sync" 125000+0 records in 125000+0 records out 1024000000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 35.2919 s, 29.0 MB/s real 0m36.570s user 0m0.476s sys 0m32.298s The server isn't very loaded and the VMware Infrastructure Client performance monitor is showing 550KBps average read and 1208KBps average write for the last 30 minutes (highest write rate: 6.6MBps). This has been a problem from the start. Any ideas?

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• Disable raid member check upon mount to mount damaged nvidia raid1 member

  - by Halfgaar

  Hi, A friend of mine destroyed his Nvidia RAID1 array somehow and in trying to fix it, he ended up with a non-working array. Because of the RAID metadata, the actual disk data was stored at an offset from the beginning. I was able to identify this offset with dd and a hexeditor and then I used losetup to create a loop device with the proper offset, so that I could mount the partition. It was then that I ran into problems, namely that mount says: "mount: unknown filesystem type 'nvidia_raid_member'". I also had this when trying to mount a Linux MD component the other day, and because I can remember that doing that in the past worked, I surmised that it may be some kind of protection. I therefore booted an old Sysrescue CD and tried it there, which worked (because of the older version of mount/libc/kernel/whatever). I still need to try to get more data, and because I don't want to keep using that SysrecueCD, I'd like to be able to mount the disk on my normal system. So, my question is: can the check for a disk being a raid member be disabled? I guess I could also zero out blocks that look like the raid block, but I'd rather not... I made an image of the disk with par2 data, so it's revertable, but still...

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