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• Nginx 502 Bad Gateway: It just won't stop

  - by David

  I have the same problem that most people seem to have with Nginx: 502 bad gateway errors. They are intermittent but typically happen more than once per session, which means my users are probably running into it nearly every time they use the app. I've tried adjusting fastcgi_buffers and fastcgi_buffer_size (in both directions) to no avail. I've tried various other things with the configuration file but nothing seems to work. Here's my config (note that I've stripped away most of the things I've tried, since they didn't work and I didn't want to bloat the file with a bunch of un-related directives): server { root /usr/share/nginx/www/; index index.php; # Make site accessible from http://localhost/ server_name localhost; # Pass PHP scripts to PHP-FPM location ~ \.php { include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; } # Lock the site location / { auth_basic "Administrator Login"; auth_basic_user_file /usr/share/nginx/.htpasswd; } # Hide the password file location ~ /\. { deny all; } client_max_body_size 8M; } I'm running a small Rackspace cloud server, which should be plenty for handling an app with a small user base...

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• Synchronize two directories on linux pc

  - by Gab

  I need a distributed filesystem (or a synchronization tool) that is capable of keeping a directory synchronized across 4 pc. My requirements are: offline access (data must be available offline on each pc) preserve execution rights: some files are marked executable on a linux partition. This flag should be replicated. efficient sync strategy: some of my files are 20GB, they are changed quite often, but in very little parts (Virtualbox images). Delta transmissions are welcome. efficient handling of space: no history for files, files shouldn't be copied to temp directories "just in case you break it". it must propagate deletions of files modification can happen in any of the 4 pcs, they should be propagated when other pc are connected. Other specs of my solution are: Sync is over a lan, the total amount of data to be synced is around 180GB, in some ten thousand files. Changes are small, but can happen in big files. At the moment i'm interested in a linux only solution. conflicts either don't happen or are solved with "last one wins" I haven't found any good solution. I've been trying: unison: it is the only one working at the moment, but during the hashing phase it hangs my pc for some minute, disk light steady on. Sparkleshare doesn't handle large files nicely. It keeps an history of all your changes that grows up indefinitely. They promise it will be fixed in next releases, but at the moment it still doesn't fit my needs. owncloud (keeps history of each file i change) coda ? (help! i couldn't set it up correctly!) git-annex assistant transforms all your files in symlinks and mark the original file as read only ("just in case you make a mistake while you modify it"!). Before you edit a file you have to issue a special command "git-annex unlock", that creates a local copy of the file, and you have to remember to lock it again if you want it synchronized. What to try next?

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• Lighttpd + django on gentoo 10 seconds to answer

  - by plaetzchen

  I want to run a Django site on a lighttpd with fastcgi on a gentoo machine. Everytime I try to access the site I get a response after more or less exactly 10 seconds. Im using a socket to let lighttpd communicate with my Django site, but a tcp port doesn't help either. Could this be a lighttpd problem? I tried to both from a server in the internet as well as from localost, this is what lighttpd gives me in the error.log 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.300) -- splitting Request-URI 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.301) Request-URI : / 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.302) URI-scheme : http 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.303) URI-authority: owntube 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.304) URI-path : / 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.305) URI-query : 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.300) -- splitting Request-URI 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.301) Request-URI : /owntube.fcgi/ 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.302) URI-scheme : http 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.303) URI-authority: owntube 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.304) URI-path : /owntube.fcgi/ 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.305) URI-query : 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.349) -- sanatising URI 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.350) URI-path : /owntube.fcgi/ 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (mod_access.c.135) -- mod_access_uri_handler called 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (mod_fastcgi.c.3632) handling it in mod_fastcgi 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.470) -- before doc_root 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.471) Doc-Root : /var/www/owntube 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.472) Rel-Path : /owntube.fcgi 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.473) Path : 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.521) -- after doc_root 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.522) Doc-Root : /var/www/owntube 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.523) Rel-Path : /owntube.fcgi 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.524) Path : /var/www/owntube/owntube.fcgi 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.541) -- logical -> physical 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.542) Doc-Root : /var/www/owntube 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.543) Rel-Path : /owntube.fcgi 2012-07-10 14:36:36: (response.c.544) Path : /var/www/owntube/owntube.fcgi

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• Ubuntu 9.04: Ripping CDs with grip?

  - by chris

  I tried to rip a CD tonight, and couldn't figure out how to configure grip - /dev/cdrom doesn't seem to be the mount point for music CDs any more. How can I configure grip to find CDs? Update: /etc/fstab has /dev/scd0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 But there's nothing visible in /media/cdrom0 (or /media/cdrom, which is a symlink to cdrom0) There's an icon on the desktop labeled "Audio Disk" and opening it shows the .wav files on the CD. The location is cdda://sr0/, but grip doesn't like that either. Trying to manually mount /dev/sr0, I get $ sudo mount -t auto /dev/sr0 foo/ mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only mount: you must specify the filesystem type Update 2: Tried to change the media handling preferences (From a file browser, Edit-Preferences, Media, CD Audio) to "Do Nothing". CD Still doesn't mount. Update 3: With an audio CD in the drive: $ ls -l /dev/ | grep cd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2009-09-15 22:13 cdrom1 -> sr0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2009-09-15 22:13 cdrw1 -> sr0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 60 2009-09-15 22:13 pktcdvd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2009-09-15 22:13 scd0 -> sr0 crw-rw----+ 1 root cdrom 21, 2 2009-09-15 22:13 sg2 brw-rw----+ 1 root cdrom 11, 0 2009-09-15 22:13 sr0

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• How can I "filter" postfix-generated bounce messages?

  - by Flimzy

  We are using postfix 2.7 and custom SMTPD (based on qpsmtpd) in highly customized configuration for spam filtering. We have a new requirement to filter postfix-generated bounces through our custom qpsmtpd process (not so much for content filtering, but to process these bounces accordingly). Our current configuration looks (in part) like this: main.cf (only customizations shown): 2526 inet n - - - 0 cleanup pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup -o content_filter=smtp:127.0.0.2 Our smtpd injects messages to postfix on port 2526, by speaking directly to the cleanup daemon. And the custom pickup command instructs postfix to hand off all locally-generated mail (from cron, nagios, or other custom scripts) to our custom smtpd. The problem is that this configuration does not affect postfix generated bounce messages, since they do not go through the pickup daemon. I have tried adding the same content_filter option to the bounce daemon commands, but it does not seem to have any effect: bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce -o content_filter=smtp:127.0.0.2 defer unix - - - - 0 bounce -o content_filter=smtp:127.0.0.2 trace unix - - - - 0 bounce -o content_filter=smtp:127.0.0.2 For reference, here is my main.cf file, as well: biff = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_loglevel = 0 smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${queue_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${queue_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_tls_security_level = may mydestination = $myhostname alias_maps = proxy:pgsql:/etc/postfix/dc-aliases.cf transport_maps = proxy:pgsql:/etc/postfix/dc-transport.cf # This is enforced on incoming mail by QPSMTPD, so this is simply # the upper possible bound (also enforced in defaults.pl) message_size_limit = 262144000 mailbox_size_limit = 0 # We do our own message expiration, but if we set this to 0, then postfix # will try each mail delivery only once, so instead we set it to 100 days # (which is the max postfix seems to support) maximal_queue_lifetime = 100d hash_queue_depth = 1 hash_queue_names = deferred, defer, hold I also tried adding the internal_mail_filter_classes option to main.cf, but also tono affect: internal_mail_filter_classes = bounce,notify I am open to any suggestions, including handling our current content-filtering-loop in a different way. If it's not clear what I'm asking, please let me know, and I can try to clarify.

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• What is going on when I can't access an SMB server share (not accessible error) until I run cmdkey to delete the credential?

  - by Warren P

  I have a network connection share issue. The first connection works, and seems to stay connected for at least a few hours. However, after each time my windows 7 PC reboots, it can no longer form a network connection to the shared folder, nor browse to it, until I not only unmap and remap the mapped drive, but also, I have to use cmdkey to delete the stored credentials like this: cmdkey /delete:Domain:target=HOSTNAME My work PC is on a domain, and I am not the IT administrator, but I'm curious if there is anything I can do to investigate this issue. Any settings in registry or group policy that I could examine to see why the first connection works, but each subsequent attempt (once a stored credential exists) to browse or use the connection, fails with a connection error saying it is "not accessible", like this: I do not even get any error until at least several minutes go by. THe first thing I see is a window frozen and empty, and then I get this error: This has happened when connecting to a share on a DROBO device, and on a share which is not on the domain, but which was a Microsoft Home Server. I wonder if there's something broken in WIndows 7 professional with regards to connecting to non-domain shares when an active directory domain controller exists, and a particular workstation is joined to a domain? The problem only occurs if I click "remember credentials". It is not fixed by any amount of working with net use. Usingcmdkey to delete all stored credentials for the host is the only way to get back in, and it affects all non-domain shared folders. Update I'm hoping there are some registry locations I could check that could be misconfigured in some way that might explain why SMB/CIFS stored credentials for non-domain systems seem to be auto-invalidated in this weird way. Knowing how whacko Microsoft Windows domain and security handling is sometimes, this could be some kind of stupid "feature".

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• Large, high performance object or key/value store for HTTP serving on Linux

  - by Tommy

  I have a service that serves images to end users at a very high rate using plain HTTP. The images vary between 4 and 64kbytes, and there are 1.300.000.000 of them in total. The dataset is about 30TiB in size and changes (new objects, updates, deletes) make out less than 1% of the requests. The number of requests pr. second vary from 240 to 9000 and is dispersed pretty much all over, with few objects being especially "hot". As of now, these images are files on a ext3 filesystem distributed read only across a large amount of mid range servers. This poses several problems: Using a fileysystem is very inefficient since the metadata size is large, the inode/dentry cache is volatile on linux and some daemons tend to stat()/readdir() it's way through the directory structure, which in my case becomes very expensive. Updating the dataset is very time consuming and requires remounting between set A and B. The only reasonable handling is operating on the block device for backup, copying, etc. What I would like is a deamon that: speaks HTTP (get, put, delete and perhaps update) stores data it in an efficient structure. The index should remain in memory, and considering the amount of objects, the overhead must be small. The software should be able to handle massive connections with slow (if any) time needed to ramp up. Index should be read in memory at startup. Statistics would be nice, but not mandatory. I have experimented a bit with riak, redis, mongodb, kyoto and varnish with persistent storage, but I haven't had the chance to dig in really deep yet.

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• Linux disk usage analyser that acts like symlinks are real files

  - by Rory

  I am using git-annex, an extension to the DVCS git, which is designed for handling large files. It makes heavy use of symlinks. The actual large files are moved to the .git/annex directory and the original files are symlinked to there. I am running out of disk space, and need to clear up, and see what's using all my space. Usually I'd use a disk usage tool like ncdu, Baobab or Filelight. However they treat the symlink as essentially empty, and only count the file that it is pointing to as using any space. Which means when I use git-annex, it shows no space used in the main directories and lots of space used in the .git/annex directory. This is not helpful. Is there any (graphical or ncurses) based disk usage programme for linux (apt-get installable would be easie that is capable (through options or not) of counting a symlink as using up the space that the original file uses up? Many have options for different behaviour for hard links, so makes sense that some should h (I know counting symlinks as using space has flaws, like counting the space space twice, broken symlinks, etc. But that's OK for my purposes)

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• Apache + Tomcat: Which one should handle SSL? IP-based proxy forwarding?

  - by delirial

  We currently have a Tomcat application running with SSL on port 443. Right now we have an apache server that accepts http requests on port 80 and redirects to the Tomcat instance: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName domain.com ServerAlias domain.com <LocationMatch "/"> Redirect permanent / https://domain.com/ </LocationMatch> </VirtualHost> Tomcat is handling SSL, because there's no proxy, just a simple redirect to the SSL port: <Connector port="443" maxThreads="200" scheme="https" secure="true" SSLEnabled="true" keystoreFile="/app/ssl/domain_com.jks" keystorePass="ourpassword" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"/> We want to begin using the apache web server as a proxy and additionally, do per-IP redirects to certain apps that should only be used by hosts on a pre-determined IP range. We would also like to redirect IPs that don't match the pre-determined list to a static html page hosted on the apache server. My first question is: Should I continue to handle SSL on Tomcat's end, or should I use apache with SSL while forwarding to an "unprotected" tomcat port? Is there any way to redirect to different apps (and potentially hosts) depending on the incoming IP? thanks, del

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• How can I implement ansible with per-host passwords, securely?

  - by supervacuo

  I would like to use ansible to manage a group of existing servers. I have created an ansible_hosts file, and tested successfully (with the -K option) with commands that only target a single host ansible -i ansible_hosts host1 --sudo -K # + commands ... My problem now is that the user passwords on each host are different, but I can't find a way of handling this in Ansible. Using -K, I am only prompted for a single sudo password up-front, which then seems to be tried for all subsequent hosts without prompting: host1 | ... host2 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password host3 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password host4 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password host5 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password Research so far: a StackOverflow question with one incorrect answer ("use -K") and one response by the author saying "Found out I needed passwordless sudo" the Ansible docs, which say "Use of passwordless sudo makes things easier to automate, but it’s not required." (emphasis mine) this security StackExchange question which takes it as read that NOPASSWD is required article "Scalable and Understandable Provisioning..." which says: "running sudo may require typing a password, which is a sure way of blocking Ansible forever. A simple fix is to run visudo on the target host, and make sure that the user Ansible will use to login does not have to type a password" article "Basic Ansible Playbooks", which says "Ansible could log into the target server as root and avoid the need for sudo, or let the ansible user have sudo without a password, but the thought of doing either makes my spleen threaten to leap up my gullet and block my windpipe, so I don’t" My thoughts exactly, but then how to extend beyond a single server? ansible issue #1227, "Ansible should ask for sudo password for all users in a playbook", which was closed a year ago by mpdehaan with the comment "Haven't seen much demand for this, I think most people are sudoing from only one user account or using keys most of the time." So... how are people using Ansible in situations like these? Setting NOPASSWD in /etc/sudoers, reusing password across hosts or enabling root SSH login all seem rather drastic reductions in security.

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• "ID 046d:c50e Logitech, Inc. Cordless Mouse Receiver" wheel-click is wrong

  - by sputnick

  I use this mouse under archlinux x86_64 with 3.2.8-1-ARCH kernel. I have some problems to select and then paste with the wheel-click in some applications like konversation, not in a terminal nor an editor. I don't know if it's a hardware problem or a software one. $ lsusb -v Bus 002 Device 110: ID 046d:c50e Logitech, Inc. Cordless Mouse Receiver Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 1.10 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 8 idVendor 0x046d Logitech, Inc. idProduct 0xc50e Cordless Mouse Receiver bcdDevice 25.10 iManufacturer 1 Logitech iProduct 2 USB RECEIVER iSerial 0 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 34 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0xa0 (Bus Powered) Remote Wakeup MaxPower 70mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 3 Human Interface Device bInterfaceSubClass 1 Boot Interface Subclass bInterfaceProtocol 2 Mouse iInterface 0 HID Device Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 33 bcdHID 1.11 bCountryCode 0 Not supported bNumDescriptors 1 bDescriptorType 34 Report wDescriptorLength 95 Report Descriptors: ** UNAVAILABLE ** Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0008 1x 8 bytes bInterval 10 Device Status: 0x0000 (Bus Powered) When I see what's happens in xev, the output is different compared to another mouse My buggy Logitech mouse : ButtonPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x4400002, time 170350700, (48,52), root:(1491,75), state 0x10, button 11, same_screen YES EnterNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x0, time 170350700, (48,52), root:(1491,75), mode NotifyGrab, detail NotifyInferior, same_screen YES, focus YES, state 16 KeymapNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x0, keys: 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ButtonPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x4400002, time 170350716, (48,52), root:(1491,75), state 0x10, button 6, same_screen YES ButtonRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x4400002, time 170350716, (48,52), root:(1491,75), state 0x10, button 6, same_screen YES ButtonRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x4400002, time 170350988, (48,52), root:(1491,75), state 0x10, button 11, same_screen YES LeaveNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x0, time 170350988, (48,52), root:(1491,75), mode NotifyUngrab, detail NotifyInferior, same_screen YES, focus YES, state 16 a working mouse (dell) : ButtonPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x4400002, time 170245131, (46,32), root:(1489,55), state 0x10, button 2, same_screen YES EnterNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x0, time 170245131, (46,32), root:(1489,55), mode NotifyGrab, detail NotifyInferior, same_screen YES, focus YES, state 528 KeymapNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x0, keys: 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ButtonRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x4400002, time 170245411, (46,32), root:(1489,55), state 0x210, button 2, same_screen YES LeaveNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15a, subw 0x0, time 170245411, (46,32), root:(1489,55), mode NotifyUngrab, detail NotifyInferior, same_screen YES, focus YES, state 16 A demo of the problem when I use konversation (IRC) : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhmr92M7NCc I tried to modify the button map with xmodmap like this with no success (one at a time) : xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 0 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 1 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 2 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 3 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 4 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 5 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 6 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 7 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 8 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 9 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 10 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 11 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 12 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 13 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 14 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 15 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 16 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 17 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 18 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 19 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 20 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 21 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 22 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 23 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 24 3" xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 25 3" Any clue ? I would like to avoid buying a new mouse just for a paste problem.

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• McAfee ePolicy-Orchestrator (ePO) - policy ownership by groups?

  - by bkr

  Is there a way to grant ownership of an ePO policy to a group? Alternatively, is there a permission that can be set that would allow owners of an ePO policy to add other owners to that policy without making them ePO admin? In the case I'm looking at, ePO is deployed within a large heterogeneous organization with a large amount of delegation in the form of create/modify policy rights to allow multiple IT departments to customize to their needs for their sections of the system tree. The problem is that the policies are owned by the creator of the policy. This causes problems when they leave (staff turnover) or when other people on their teams need the ability to modify the existing policy. Unfortunately, as far as I can see, only someone who is an ePO admin can change the owners. Even the owner of the policy cannot add other owners (unless they are also an ePO admin). Ideally, I should be able to assign ownership of a policy to a group - since that would be easier to manage than me or another admin having to continually fix policy ownership or remove orphaned polices. Even just allowing the owners of the polices to add other owners would be sufficient. How are other people handling policy ownership when dealing with a large amount of delegated control of polices? Is there a way to delegate this out without making users full ePO admins?

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• How to configure default text selection behavior in Windows XP, 7? (eg. mouse click selects entire word vs. mouse click inserts an active cursor)

  - by Mouse of Fury

  I find the mouse click behavior of Windows XP and Windows 7 annoying and intrusive. I don't remember Windows NT being quite this bad, or MacOS 7 - 10 which I used in the nineties. When I'm using a browser and I click on a text field - for example, the address bar, or a search box - the first thing which happens is the entire field is selected.Subsequent clicks seem to select parts of words, often deciding arbitrarily to exclude or include adjacent punctuation. The same in Excel and other apps, and when trying to rename files, so I'm assuming this behavior comes from a system-wide text handling routine. I frequently want to edit text, cut out or replace odd parts of the insides of words or chunks of sentences, and often find that to get a simple cursor to insert I have to click the mouse up to 4 times in succession. I've had to do a lot of this recently and it has been driving me insane. Is there a place at the system level where this can be configured? In a perfect world, I'd like a single click on a new text area to insert a cursor point, and a rapid double click to select the entire area. Words or text within the area could be selected by inserting a cursor, holding down the mouse button and dragging to the exact point where I want the selection to end - even if that's in the middle of a word. No, I don't need or want Windows to "smart select" a word or sentence for me. I've looked in the Mouse and Accessibility Options control panels (Windows XP). Haven't found anything even close. Thanks -

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• Managing Internal Yum Repository Groups

  - by elmt

  What is the best method for handling yum groups dependencies? For example, take this comps.xml file <comps> <group> <id>production</id> <name>Production</name> <default>true</default> <description>Packages required to run</description> <uservisible>true</uservisible> <packagelist> <packagereq type="default">ssh</packagereq> </packagelist> </group> <group> <id>development</id> <name>Development</name> <default>false</default> <description>Packages required to develop</description> <uservisible>true</uservisible> <packagelist> <packagereq type="default">gcc</packagereq> </packagelist> </group> </comps> which is packaged with createrepo -g comps.xml x86_64. The ssh and gcc rpms are not installed in the x86_64 directory. If I run yum groupinstall development, yum is smart enough to pull the gcc package from the RHEL repo even though the groups are defined in my internal repository. However, is this the proper way of doing this, or should I copy the rpms to my local repository and recreate the repo?

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• Google Apps: MX records for zonefile

  - by 23tux

  Hi everybody, I have a question about using Google Apps for handling emails. I don't want to set up a whole entire mail system on my server, so I decided to use Google Apps. The ownership of my domain is approved, and now I'm trying to change the MX records in the zone file of my domain. But I think I'm doing wrong, it doesn't work. I want to use mail.mydomain.com as a adress to the mail server for POP, SMTP and IMAP. My zone file looks like this: $TTL 86400 @ IN SOA ns1.first-ns.de. postmaster.robot.first-ns.de. ( 2011011700 ; serial 14400 ; refresh 1800 ; retry 604800 ; expire 86400 ) ; minimum @ IN NS robotns3.second-ns.com. @ IN NS robotns2.second-ns.de. @ IN NS ns1.first-ns.de. @ IN A 111.111.111.111 localhost IN A 127.0.0.1 www IN A 111.111.111.111 ftp IN CNAME www loopback IN CNAME localhost mail IN CNAME @ relay IN CNAME www @ IN MX 10 ALT1.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM. @ IN MX 10 ASPMX3.GOOGLEMAIL.COM. @ IN MX 10 ASPMX2.GOOGLEMAIL.COM. @ IN MX 10 ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM. @ IN MX 10 ALT2.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM. I hope someone can figure out, what's wrong with this configuration. When I start a ping on mail.mydomain.org I get an answer from 111.111.111.111 and not from the google server ALT1.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM. thx, tux

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• Set source address to use tun device does not work (Debian Squeeze)

  - by A. Donda

  there have been similar questions on StackExchange but none of the answers helped me, so I'll try a question of my own. I have a VPN connection via OpenVPN. By default, all traffic is redirected through the tunnel using OpenVPN's "two more specific routes" trick, but I disabled that. My routing table is like this: 198.144.156.141 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0 10.30.92.5 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun1 10.30.92.1 10.30.92.5 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 tun1 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 10.30.92.5 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 tun1 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 And the interface configuration is like this: # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr XX-XX- inet addr:192.168.2.100 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::211:9ff:fe8d:acbd/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:394869 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:293489 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:388519578 (370.5 MiB) TX bytes:148817487 (141.9 MiB) Interrupt:20 Base address:0x6f00 tun1 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:10.30.92.6 P-t-P:10.30.92.5 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:64 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:67 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:9885 (9.6 KiB) TX bytes:4380 (4.2 KiB) plus the lo device. The routing table has two default routes, one via eth0 through my local network router (DSL modem) at 192.168.2.1, and another via tun1 through the VPN's gateway. With this configuration, if I connect to a site, the route chosen is the direct one (because it has less hops?): # traceroute 8.8.8.8 -n traceroute to 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 192.168.2.1 0.427 ms 0.491 ms 0.610 ms 2 213.191.89.13 17.981 ms 20.137 ms 22.141 ms 3 62.109.108.48 23.681 ms 25.009 ms 26.401 ms ... This is fine, because my goal is to send only traffic from specific applications through the tunnel (esp. transmission, using its -i / bind-address-ipv4 option). To test whether this can work at all, I check it first with traceroute's -s option: # traceroute 8.8.8.8 -n -s 10.30.92.6 traceroute to 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 * * * 2 * * * 3 * * * ... This I take to mean that connection using the tunnel's local address as source is not possible. What is possible (though only as root) is to specify the source interface: # traceroute 8.8.8.8 -n -i tun1 traceroute to 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 10.30.92.1 129.337 ms 297.758 ms 297.725 ms 2 * * * 3 198.144.152.17 297.653 ms 297.652 ms 297.650 ms ... So apparently the tun1 interface is working and it is possible to send packets through it. But selecting the source interface is not implemented in my actual target application (transmission), so I would like to get source address selection to work. What am I doing wrong?

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• How to handle OpenVPN client as a service, when the laptop is physically on the network already?

  - by James

  The Setup I've gotten OpenVPN working on our Windows XP laptops. Users are limited, so I went ahead and set OpenVPN client to run as a service, which is great anyway because that means they are on the VPN before logging in, so login scripts work, plus we can do remote support even if the user can not log in (such as connecting via VNC or resetting passwords). It is also configured to send all traffic over the tunnel, so when, for example, they browse the internet it is just like browsing from our corporate network. The Qestion(s) So, I'm wondering how does the OpenVPN client act when the computer is already physically on the same network as the OpenVPN server? Right now, the client is configured to connect the the public dns name which will resolve to the public ip address which will NOT get reflected back to the OpenVPN server, so it is affectively blocked from connecting to the OpenVPN server while on the network. Is that a good thing? Or will it constantly try to connect, using up system resources and network resources? We will likely have hundreds of laptops regularly on the physical network with this, so it could contribute to a lot of unnecessary network chatter. Alternatively Would it be better to have the firewall reflect the port back to the OpenVPN server and let it connect? Or have our internal dns resolve the name to the private ip and allow them to connect directly? Would traffic then go over the vpn connection (which I do not want, when already on the physical network)? Or is it possible to tell it to ignore the connection when the client and server are already on the same network? TLDR What's a sane way of handling OpenVPN client running as an always-on service when the client and server will often be on the same network?

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• NGINX: How do I calculate an optimal no. of worker processes and worker connections?

  - by bodacious

  Our web app is running on a Linode 2048 server at the moment (~ 2048 GB of RAM) The MYSQL database is on another linode of it's own so this server is really only handling NGINX and and the Rails application. The application itself uses about 185976 of memory per instance (RSS). Our traffic is < 1000 per day and the pages are mostly cached so there are fewer hits to the rails app itself. My question is - how can I calculate optimal NGINX config settings for my app? Below is the current config: worker_processes 1; # pid of nginx master process pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; passenger_root /home/user/.rvm/gems/ree-1.8.7-2011.01@URTV/gems/passenger-3.0.3; passenger_ruby /home/user/.rvm/rubies/ree-1.8.7-2011.01/bin/ruby; include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; # gzip settings gzip on; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_vary on; gzip_proxied any; gzip_types text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; # load extra modules from the vhosts directory include /opt/nginx/vhosts/*.conf; } Any advice would be appreciated! :)

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• How to tell nginx to honor backend's cache?

  - by ChocoDeveloper

  I'm using php-fpm with nginx as http server (I don't know much about reverse proxies, I just installed it and didn't touch anything), without Apache nor Varnish. I need nginx to understand and honor the http headers I send. I tried with this config (taken from the docs) but didn't work: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf: fastcgi_cache_path /var/lib/nginx/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=website:10m inactive=10m; fastcgi_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri"; /etc/nginx/sites-available/website: server { fastcgi_cache website; #fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h; #fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1d; #fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m; #fastcgi_cache_min_uses 1; #fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_503; add_header X-Cache $upstream_cache_status; } I always get "MISS" and the cache dir is empty. If I uncomment the other directives, I get hit, but I don't want those "dumb" settings, I need to control them within my backend. For example, if my backend says "public, s-maxage=10", the cache should be considered stale after 10 secs. Instead, nginx will store it for 1h, because of these directives. I was thinking whether I should try proxy_cache, not sure what's the difference. In both fastcgi and proxy modules docs it says this: The cache honors backend's Cache-Control, Expires, and etc. since version 0.7.48, Cache-Control: private and no-store only since 0.7.66, though. Vary handling is not implemented. nginx version: nginx/1.1.19 Any thoughts? pd: I also have the reverse proxy that is offered by Symfony2 (which I turn off to use nginx's). The headers are interpreted correctly by it, so I think I'm doing it right.

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• How best to handle end user notification in the event of system failure incl. email?

  - by BrianLy

  I've been asked to research ways of handling end user notifications when systems such as email are experiencing problems. Perhaps an example will make this a little clearer. We have a number of sites in different countries. Recently email was impacted at one of the sites, but it could have been a complete network outage. Information was provided by phone to local IT managers at the site but onward communication was slower than some would have liked. It seems like almost everyone at the site has a personal mobile phone which could receive text messages, and perhaps access a remote website with postings on the situation. However managing and supporting a system to text people on these relatively infrequent occasions would be very costly to do internally. What are other people doing to handle situations like this? Some things I've thought of include: Database of phone numbers to text. Seems costly and not very easy to maintain for an already stretched IT group. Is there an external service that would let you do this policies? Send voicemail message to all phones on site. Maintain an external website. This would not work in all situations (network failure), and there is a limit on the amount of info that can be posted externally. A site outage could be sensitive information in some situations. How could the site be password protected? Maybe OpenId/Facebook connect would work. Use a site like Yammer.com which is publicly accessible but only by people with a company email address. Anyone using this for IT outage notifications? To me it looks like there is no clear answer, and that there are solutions for some subsets of users. To be comprehensive a number of solutions would need to be combined. Any additional thoughts or recommendations? What worked or didn't work for your organization?

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• Reverse SSH tunnel: how can I send my port number to the server?

  - by Tom

  I have two machines, Client and Server. Client (who is behind a corporate firewall) opens a reverse SSH tunnel to Server, which has a publicly-accessible IP address, using this command: ssh -nNT -R0:localhost:2222 [email protected] In OpenSSH 5.3+, the 0 occurring just after the -R means "pick an available port" rather than explicitly calling for one. The reason I'm doing this is because I don't want to pick a port that's already in use. In truth, there are actually many Clients out there that need to set up similar tunnels. The problem at this point is that the server does not know which Client is which. If we want to connect back to one of these Clients (via localhost) then how do we know which port refers to which client? I'm aware that ssh reports the port number to the command line when used in the above manner. However, I'd also like to use autossh to keep the sessions alive. autossh runs its child process via fork/exec, presumably, so that the output of the actual ssh command is lost in the ether. Furthermore, I can't think of any other way to get the remote port from Client. Thus, I'm wondering if there is a way to determine this port on Server. One idea I have is to somehow use /etc/sshrc, which is supposedly a script that runs for every connection. However, I don't know how one would get the pertinent information here (perhaps the PID of the particular sshd process handling that connection?) I'd love some pointers. Thanks!

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• How do I setup a secondary incoming mail server?

  - by abrahamvegh

  I currently have a server running Debian 6, with postfix and dovecot handling email. This server hosts email for a number of domains and users, so I use MySQL as my backing store for users and forwardings and everything related. Currently, this server is the only server listed in an MX record for all of the domains it serves. I would like to create a secondary server that would be listed in the DNS with a lower priority (e.g. current primary server is priority 5, secondary would be priority 10), so that in the event that I need to reboot the primary server, or otherwise make it unavailable, the secondary server would receive email, and hold it until the primary server came back up, at which point it would deliver any held email to the primary server. I do not need the secondary server to function as a backup sending server. Users would never need to see the secondary server, they would simply not lose incoming emails if the primary server is down, and they would be unable to send or receive until the primary came back up. How would I go about doing this? I would like to use the same software if they can handle this task, because I’m already familiar with managing them.

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• Configure New Server for .htaccess

  - by Phil T

  I have a new LAMP CENTOS 5 server I am setting up and trying to copy the configuration from another web server I have. I am stuck with what I think is a mod_rewrite problem. If I go to http://old-server.com/any_page_name.php it correctly routes through some handling code in index.php and shows me a graceful "Page Cannot Be Displayed" message. But if I go to http://new-server.com/any_page_name.php I get an ugly Apache 404 Not Found error message. I looked in both httpd.conf files and they both have only one reference to mod_rewrite. LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so So it seems like that should be fine. At the bottom of httpd.conf I have the code: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /var/www/html ServerName new-server.com ErrorLog logs/new-server.com-error_log CustomLog logs/new-server.com-access_log common </VirtualHost> Then in the root of /var/www/html I have the exact same .htaccess file that looks like this: RewriteEngine on Options +FollowSymlinks RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . index.php [L] ErrorDocument 404 /page-unavailable/ <files ~ "\.tpl$"> order deny,allow allow from none deny from all </files> So I don't see why the page load at old-server.com works fine while new-server.com doesn't route through index.php like I want it to do. Thanks.

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• Upgrading to Java 7u65 breaks my Deployment Rule Set for Oracle applications

  - by Don Atreides

  My company uses an older version of an Oracle application that requires Java 6u45. Naturally we want to be secure, so we use a Deployment Rule Set to specify 6u45 for that internal application and let other applications use 7u60. Now that we're ready to upgrade the Java 7 half to 7u67, the Oracle application breaks with "Deployment Rule Set required version 1.6.0_45 not available." Of course it is available, it just can't find it for some reason. As a test, I specified that JavaTester.org should use 6u45 also and it works fine with no issues. But when I try to use the same configuration (7u67 and 6u45) against the Oracle application it fails every time. If I downgrade to 7u60, it works. 7u65 or higher, it breaks. The Oracle application hasn't changed so it must be something different in how 7u65+ is handling Deployment Rule Sets or pathing or something. I'm at a complete loss. ruleset.xml: <?xml version="1.0"?> -<ruleset version="1.0+"> -<rule> <id location="*.mycorp.com"/> <action version="1.6.0_45" permission="run"/> </rule> -<rule> <id location="http://javatester.org"/> <action version="1.6.0_45" permission="run"/> </rule> </ruleset>

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• Same script, different behavior [migrated]

  - by Antoine_935

  I just stumbled upon an interesting bug... Still trying to figure out what is exactly happening. Maybe you can help. First, the context. I'm currently building yet another man to html converter (for some reasons I won't motivate here, but I need it). So, have a look at the screenshot below (see the link), more precisely at the outlined spots. See? On the upper shell, I have &lt ; and &gt ;, that is, escaped html. While on the shell below I have < and directly. But as you can see (or do I seriously need looking glass ?), the command man 2 semget | webmanneris the same on both sides, as is the which webmanner. The two are executed roughly at the same moment, with no modification made to the script between. [Oops, cannot post pictures just yet... Here comes the link] http://aspyct.org/media/webmanner-bug.png But the shell below is older (open about 1 hour ago). Newer shells all print out &lt ;. So my first guess was that it somehow had a cached reference to the old inode of the file, or old blocks or whatever. So I modified parts of the script, at the start and then at the end, to print different messages. And, surprise, the message shown up on both terminals. But still, same difference between &lt ; and <. I'm confused... How to explain that behavior? I'm working on a OSX 10.8 (Mountain Lion) EDIT: OK, there is one big difference: the shell below uses ruby 1.9.3, while above is 1.8.7. Is there any known difference in string handling between the two versions ?

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