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• Char C question about encoding signed/unsigned.

  - by drigoSkalWalker

  Hi guys. I read that C not define if a char is signed or unsigned, and in GCC page this says that it can be signed on x86 and unsigned in PowerPPC and ARM. Okey, I'm writing a program with GLIB that define char as gchar (not more than it, only a way for standardization). My question is, what about UTF-8? It use more than an block of memory? Say that I have a variable unsigned char *string = "My string with UTF8 enconding ~ çã"; See, if I declare my variable as unsigned I will have only 127 values (so my program will to store more blocks of mem) or the UTF-8 change to negative too? Sorry if I can't explain it correctly, but I think that i is a bit complex. NOTE: Thanks for all answer I don't understand how it is interpreted normally. I think that like ascii, if I have a signed and unsigned char on my program, the strings have diferently values, and it leads to confuse, imagine it in utf8 so.

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• Will a Ph. D. in Computer Science help?

  - by Francisco Garcia

  I am close to my 30s and still learning about programming and software engineering. Like most people who like their profession I truly believe that I should aim to improve and keep updated. One of the things I do is reading technical papers from professional publications (IEEE and ACM) but I admit there are very good bloggers out there too. Lately I started to think (should I say realize?) that Ph. D people actually are expected to expand constantly their knowledge, but little is expected from lower classes once they know enough This made me think that maybe having a Ph. D will help to have more... respect? but I also believe that I am already getting old for that. Futhermore I see many master and doctor programs that does not seem to add any value over hard experience and self learning. I belive that a degree in computer science, althought not necessary, can lay out a good base for programming work. However: What can a Ph. D. degree give you that you cannot learn on your own? (if you are not into something VERY specific and want to work in a non academic environment)

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• Random forests for short texts

  - by Jasie

  Hi all, I've been reading about Random Forests (1,2) because I think it'd be really cool to be able to classify a set of 1,000 sentences into pre-defined categories. I'm wondering if someone can explain to me the algorithm better, I think the papers are a bit dense. Here's the gist from 1: Overview We assume that the user knows about the construction of single classification trees. Random Forests grows many classification trees. To classify a new object from an input vector, put the input vector down each of the trees in the forest. Each tree gives a classification, and we say the tree "votes" for that class. The forest chooses the classification having the most votes (over all the trees in the forest). Each tree is grown as follows: If the number of cases in the training set is N, sample N cases at random - but with replacement, from the original data. This sample will be the training set for growing the tree. If there are M input variables, a number m « M is specified such that at each node, m variables are selected at random out of the M and the best split on these m is used to split the node. The value of m is held constant during the forest growing. Each tree is grown to the largest extent possible. There is no pruning. So, does this look right? I'd have N = 1,000 training cases (sentences), M = 100 variables (let's say, there are only 100 unique words across all sentences), so the input vector is a bit vector of length 100 corresponding to each word. I randomly sample N = 1000 cases at random (with replacement) to build trees from. I pick some small number of input variables m « M, let's say 10, to build a tree off of. Do I build tree nodes randomly, using all m input variables? How many classification trees do I build? Thanks for the help!

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• Is there a best practice for concatenating MP3 Files, adjusting sample rates to match, while preserving original files?

  - by Scott

  Hello overflow community! Does anyone know if there is a "best practice" to concatenate mp3 files to create new files, while preserving the original files? I am working on a CentOS Linux machine, in command line. I will eventually call the command line from a PHP script. I have been doing research and I have come up with a process that I think could work. It combines general advice from different forums, blogs, and sources like this one. So here I go: Create a temporary folder Loop through files to create a new, converted copy, of file into a "raw" format (which one, I don't know. I didn't know "raw" files existed before too long ago. I could use some suggestions on this) Store the path to the temporary files, in the temporary folder, and then loop through the files to concatenate them and then put the new merged file the final "processed directory" Delete the contents of the temporary file with the temporary raw files inside. Convert the final file from "raw" to mp3 and enjoy the finished result I'm thinking that this course of action might be best because I can't necessarily control the quality of the original "source" mp3s. The only other option I could think of would be to create a script that would perform a similar process upon files being added to the system leaving only the files with the "proper" format and removing the original "erroneous" file. Hopefully you can see that I have put some thought into this and that I'm trying to leverage the collective knowledge of this community to choose the best direction. Perhaps there is a better path that I could take? By concatenate, I mean to join together in sequence to create a new audio file from the "concatenated files."

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• Is going for a BCS the right move for me?

  - by Michel Carroll

  I'm at a fork in the road. I need somebody to give me some advice from their personal journey in IT. At the moment, I have a college diploma (2 years) in Computer Programmer, and about 2 years of professional experience in the field of software. I'm currently freelancing my programming skills to the public, and am enjoying a nice income, and the rewards of flexibly working on a variety of projects with different cool people. I'm young (21 years old), passionate about software, technology, the internet, and also business. I know if I ever want to dwell deeper into the software industry, I might have a hard time doing so without a Bachelors in Computer Science. On one side, I think I'm better off getting my BCS while I'm still young and malleable. Also, the thought of learning even more stuff in my field is really exciting to me. On the flip side, it means another 3-4 years of studying, and jeopardizing my chances of going on vacation and accumulating wealth for a long time. Considering that I'm already pretty successful with my college diploma, do you think it's a good idea for me to go get my BCS? Will it open up many more doors in the future?

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• Most readable way to write simple conditional check

  - by JRL

  What would be the most readable/best way to write a multiple conditional check such as shown below? Two possibilities that I could think of (this is Java but the language really doesn't matter here): Option 1: boolean c1 = passwordField.getPassword().length > 0; boolean c2 = !stationIDTextField.getText().trim().isEmpty(); boolean c3 = !userNameTextField.getText().trim().isEmpty(); if (c1 && c2 && c3) { okButton.setEnabled(true); } Option 2: if (passwordField.getPassword().length > 0 && !stationIDTextField.getText().trim().isEmpty() && !userNameTextField.getText().trim().isEmpty() { okButton.setEnabled(true); } What I don't like about option 2 is that the line wraps and then indentation becomes a pain. What I don't like about option 1 is that it creates variables for nothing and requires looking at two places. So what do you think? Any other options?

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• Have you dealt with space hardening?

  - by Tim Post

  I am very eager to study best practices when it comes to space hardening. For instance, I've read (though I can't find the article any longer) that some core parts of the Mars rovers did not use dynamic memory allocation, in fact it was forbidden. I've also read that old fashioned core memory may be preferable in space. I was looking at some of the projects associated with the Google Lunar Challenge and wondering what it would feel like to get code on the moon, or even just into space. I know that space hardened boards offer some sanity in such a harsh environment, however I'm wondering (as a C programmer) how I would need to adjust my thinking and code if I was writing something that would run in space? I think the next few years might show more growth in private space companies, I'd really like to at least be somewhat knowledgeable regarding best practices. Can anyone recommend some books, offer links to papers on the topic or (gasp) even a simulator that shows you what happens to a program if radiation, cold or heat bombards a board that sustained damage to its insulation? I think the goal is keeping humans inside of a space craft (as far as fixing or swapping stuff) and avoiding missions to fix things. Furthermore, if the board maintains some critical system, early warnings seem paramount.

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• Is it possible, in a django template, to check if an object is contained in a list

  - by AlexH

  I'm very new to django, about a week into it. I'm making a site where users enter stuff, then other users can vote on whether they like the stuff or not. I know it's not so novel, but it's a good project to learn a bunch of tools. I have a many-to-many table for storing who likes or dislikes what. Before I render the page, I pull out all the likes and dislikes for the current user, along with the stuff I'm going to show on the page. When I render the page, I go through the list of stuff I'm going to show and print them out one at a time. I want to show the user which stuff they liked, and which they didn't. So in my django template, I have an object called entry. I also have two lists of objects called likes and dislikes. Is there any way to determine if entry is a member of either list, inside my django template. I think what I'm looking for is a filter where I can say something like {% if entry|in:likes %} or {% if likes|contains:entry %} I know I could add a method to my model and check for each entry individually, but that seems like it would be database intensive. Is there a better way to think about this problem?

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• How do I update the UI during an event using ASP.NET?

  - by Phil Hale

  I'm a bit stuck with a problem. I feel like the solution should be fairly straight forward but I'm completely out of ideas for some reason. Here's the problem. I've got a user control with a couple of buttons. Think of them as 'On' and 'Off'. When either button is clicked an async method is called. If the method is successful an event is fired. Within the event I want to update the enabled property of the two buttons so that only a single button is clickable at any one time. The problem is that any changes I make to the properties are not shown on screen because the postback is already complete. I tried wrapping the buttons in an UpdatePanel but I get an "Update method can only be called on UpdatePanel with ID 'xxxx' before Render' error. I understand why the problem occurs but I can't think of a solution. Help! Ideally what I'd like to do is simply call a method within the event that will update the UI, but I don't know if that's possible.

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• UIImagePickerController crashes on rapid scrolling, slower than photos app

  - by vvanhee

  Most of the time, my image picker works perfectly (iOS 4.2.1). However, if I scroll very rapidly up and down about 4-6 times through my camera roll of about 300 photos, I get a crash. This never happens with the "photos" app on the same iPhone 3Gs. Also, I'm noticing that the stock "photos" app scrolls much more smoothly than my image picker. Has anyone else noticed this behavior? I'd be interested if others could attempt this in their own apps and see if they crash. I don't think it's related to other objects hogging memory on my iPhone because it's a simple app, and this happens right after I start the app. It also doesn't seem to be related to messages sent to other released objects or overreleasing of other objects in viewdidunload, based on my crash logs and the fact that the simulator responds well to simulated memory warnings. I think it might be a bug in the internal implementation of the UIImagePickerController... This is how I start the picker. I've done this multiple ways (including setting a retain property for the UIImagePickerController in my header and releasing on dealloc). This seems to be the best way (crashes least): UIImagePickerController *picker = [[UIImagePickerController alloc] init]; picker.delegate = self; picker.sourceType = UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeSavedPhotosAlbum; picker.allowsEditing = YES; [self presentModalViewController:picker animated:YES]; [picker release]; This is the crashed thread (I get various exception types): Exception Type: SIGSEGV Exception Codes: SEGV_ACCERR at 0xfffffffff4faafa4 Crashed Thread: 8 ... Thread 8 Crashed: 0 CoreFoundation 0x000494ea -[__NSArrayM replaceObjectAtIndex:withObject:] + 98 1 PhotoLibrary 0x00008e0f -[PLImageTable _segmentAtIndex:] + 527 2 PhotoLibrary 0x00008a21 -[PLImageTable _mappedImageDataAtIndex:] + 221 3 PhotoLibrary 0x0000893f -[PLImageTable dataForEntryAtIndex:] + 15 4 PhotoLibrary 0x000087e7 PLThumbnailManagerImageDataAtIndex + 35 5 PhotoLibrary 0x00008413 -[PLThumbnailManager _dataForPhoto:format:width:height:bytesPerRow:dataWidth:dataHeight:imageDataOffset:imageDataFormat:preheat:] + 299 6 PhotoLibrary 0x000b6c13 __-[PLThumbnailManager preheatImageDataForImages:withFormat:]_block_invoke_1 + 159 7 libSystem.B.dylib 0x000d6680 _dispatch_call_block_and_release + 20 8 libSystem.B.dylib 0x000d6ba0 _dispatch_worker_thread2 + 128 9 libSystem.B.dylib 0x0007b251 _pthread_wqthread + 265

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• Black Corners On Grouped UITableViewCells Only After Navigation Pops

  - by coneybeare

  I am not graphics expert but I somehow managed to make some good looking custom grouped UITableViewCells by setting the background view to a backgroundView with some CG code. In all SDK's up to 3.1.3 (maybe 3.2... I haven't tested on the iPad) this was working great, but I think a more recent SDK has introduced a change in the way graphics are cached offscreen. Upon first render, everything is great: The drawing is fine and the corners are transparent. If I push a couple of view controllers on the navigation stack and come back, there are now black corners that appear in the views: BEFORE && AFTER I have tons of code, most of which is written up here. I have tried tweaking to the best of my ability, looking at the docs for applicable changes, but after at least 8 hours in I still cannot find what might cause this. I have tried setting every view I can think of to be backgroundColor=clearColor and opaque=NO What else am I missing? Any debugging tips? UPDATE: I have some debug code in viewDidAppear that prints the backgroundColor and class description of all the subviews. - (void)debugView:(UIView *)view { DebugLog(@"%@ - %@", view.backgroundColor, [[view class] description]); for (UIView* child in view.subviews) { [self debugView:child]; } } - (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewDidAppear:animated]; [DownloadController.networkQueue setSuspended:NO]; for (TTTableViewCell *cell in [self.tableView visibleCells]) { [cell debugView:cell]; } } With this code, I inspect the backgroundColor settings of the cell views on first load, when it is fine, and then again after coming back. There are some differences, but all the colors are still set to be clear. This leads me to believe the issue is underneath the UITableViewCell. UPDATE 2: I have created a simple sample application to highlight the problem here

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• Over Optimistic Daily Productivity

  - by Dan Revell

  I'm a junior developer and have been working since I graduated last summer so coming up to a year now. I have this issue that is starting to get to me. Every night I think back to what I did that day, feel bad that I didn't get as much done as I would have liked and then tick off in my head all the things I'll get done the following day. Come the end of the following day I end haven't gotten through half of what I wanted to. This over optimism that I'm suffering from. Might it be just because I'm relatively new to the profession and aren't aware of how long things will actually take me. The work might be quick to think through in my head but all sorts of time sync's involved can bleed away the hours. If not that then perhaps it's the technology stack that I'm working on. SharePoint isn't the easiest thing to develop for and it's certainly something I came into not knowing a whole lot about. If it's because I'm not yet skilled enough to predict how long things will take me, is this trait of over optimistic predictions universal to the profession? I'd appreciate any input from those experienced with working with younger developers and those that might have suffered from this themselves. [EDIT] Perhaps I worded the question badly. I'm interested in just general day to day work rather than overall project completion estimation.

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• When to use ellipsis after menu items

  - by Svish

  In pretty much all applications that have a menu bar, some of the items have an ellipsis (...) after them, and some don't. Is there a well known convention on when to put that ellipsis there and when not to? When do you do it? Do you do it? I have looked at various windows applications, and this is what I have come to: Ellipsis Menu items which opens a form that require user input to do something (Replace, Go to, Font) No ellipsis Menu items which just does something (Cut, Paste, Exit, Save) Menu items which opens a form that does not require user input (About, Check for Updates) But then there always seems to be menu items that doesn't follow this rule. For example the Help items (How do I, Search, Index) and the Find and Replace (Quick Find, Find in Files, Find Symbol) in Visual Studio. So after thinking about it a bit more I know think this might be the thing: Ellipsis Menu items that will definitely open a modal window. No Ellipsis Menu items that opens a non-modal window. Menu items that doesn't open any window. Menu items that most likely won't open a modal window (Like Save, which does open a modal window if you haven't saved before or something like that, but otherwise don't) What do you guys think?

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• What design pattern to use for one big method calling many private methods

  - by Jeune

  I have a class that has a big method that calls on a lot of private methods. I think I want to extract those private methods into their own classes for one because they contain business logic and I think they should be public so they can be unit tested. Here's a sample of the code: public void handleRow(Object arg0) { if (continueRunning){ hashData=(HashMap<String, Object>)arg0; Long stdReportId = null; Date effDate=null; if (stdReportIds!=null){ stdReportId = stdReportIds[index]; } if (effDates!=null){ effDate = effDates[index]; } initAndPutPriceBrackets(hashData, stdReportId, effDate); putBrand(hashData,stdReportId,formHandlerFor==0?true:useLiveForFirst); putMultiLangDescriptions(hashData,stdReportId); index++; if (stdReportIds!=null && stdReportIds[0].equals(stdReportIds[1])){ continueRunning=false; } if (formHandlerFor==REPORTS){ putBeginDate(hashData,effDate,custId); } //handle logic that is related to pricemaps. lstOfData.add(hashData); } } What design pattern should I apply to this problem?

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• On the search for my next great .Net Read

  - by user127954

  Just got done with "The art of unit testing". It was a great read and i think everyone should go buy a copy. With that said i think the next book I'm like to read would be a architecture / Design type book that would focus heavily on building your objects / software in such a way that it would be: Low Coupling High Cohesion Easily Maintainable / Extended Easy to test Easy to Navigate / Debug The above characteristcs are the most important ones but also maybe it would also include (but not necessary) designing for: Performance - Don't want to design a system at at the end find out its dog slow :) Scalability - Again don't want to design something at the end find out it won't scale. I'd also prefer (but not necessary again): Something newer - Architectural principles seem to gradually evolve / improve over time and id like something with current thinking. .Net as illustrating language - like i said above its not mandatory but since its what i use every day id prefer it to be in .net. Doesn't really matter if its in vb.net or c# Some of the topics that would be talked about its how to minimize dependencies and using interfaces throughout your solution rather than concrete classes. Maybe it would constract /compare some of the newest design principles like DDD, Repository Pattern, Ect... I already have "Clean Code" (don't know if its this type of book or not) and "Working effectively with legacy code" on my radar but id like to read a book based upon the topic i talked about above first. Is there such a book?

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• What technologies/tools do people use to implement live websites ?

  - by MadSeb

  Hi, I have the following situation: -I have a server A hooked up to a piece of hardware that sends values and information out of every second. Programs on the server machine can read these values. This server A is in a very remote location so Internet connection is very slow and not reliable but the connection does exist. Let's say it's a weather station in the Arctic. -Users from the home location want to monitorize the weather values somehow. Well, the users can use a remote desktop connection the server A but that would be too too slow. My idea is somehow to have a website on a web server (let's call the webserver - B and B is in a home location ) and make the server A connect to the server B and somehow send values and the web application reads the values and displays them....... but how to do such a system ?? I know I can use MySQL and have the server A connect to a SQL server on server B and send INSERT queries and have the web application running on server B constantly read from the SQL server but I think that would be way way too slow and I think there has to be a better solution. Any ideas ? BTW. The users should be able to send information to the weather station from the website as well ( so an ADMIN user should be allowed to shut down the weather station from the website or whatever) Best regards, MadSeb

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• Can an interface define the signature of a c#-class

  - by happyclicker

  I have a .net-app that provides a mechanism to extend the app with plugins. Each plugin must implement a plugin-interface and must provide furthermore a constructor that receives one parameter (a resource context). During the instantiation of the plugin-class I look via reflection, if the needed constructor exists and if yes, I instantiate the class (via Reflection). If the constructor does not exists, I throw an exception that says that the plugin not could be created, because the desired constructor is not available. My question is, if there is a way to declare the signature of a constructor in the plugin-interface so that everyone that implements the plugin-interface must also provide a constructor with the desired signature. This would ease the creation of plugins. I don’t think that such a possibility exists because I think such a feature falls not in the main purpose for what interfaces were designed for but perhaps someone knows a statement that does this, something like: public interface IPlugin { ctor(IResourceContext resourceContext); int AnotherPluginFunction(); } I want to add that I don't want to change the constructor to be parameterless and then set the resource-context through a property, because this will make the creation of plugins much more complicated. The persons that write plugins are not persons with deep programming experience. The plugins are used to calculate statistical data that will be visualized by the app.

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• Create a real time web application using .net framework and azure - very confused

  - by test

  Let us say I would like a simple (yet complex) web application where there is continuous READING AND WRITING to the sql azure database. Let us say I am tracking a location, and I would like it to be updated very frequently (lets take the worst case: 1 second). From the little knowledge I have, I think that this involves the use of the database to continuously write the location to the database, and continuously read from the database to update another person through a website. Do you please have any suggestion which technologies can I use? Is there a simple way? I heard about node.js, signalR. I have no idea how to use them, if they are really what I need. the last tutorial I checked out simply uses a while(true) loop..but I don't think that that's something good to keep a thread continuously busy... Do I have to create some background task? Do I have to create some web service? This is a school project and I wish not to go for the most difficult option, but if there is some sort of solution, challenge accepted :) Can you please help me? Since I have asked many questions here and yet I have no solution in mind

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• The question about the basics of LINQ to SQL working

  - by Alex

  I just started learning LINQ to SQL, and so far I'm impressed with the easy of use and good performance. I used to think that when doing LINQ queries like from Customer in DB.Customers where Customer.Age > 30 select Customer Get all customers from the database ("SELECT * FROM Customers"), move them to the Customers array and then make a search in that Array using .NET methods. This is very inefficient, what if there are hundreds of thousands of customers in the database? Making such big SELECT queries would kill the web application. Now after experiencing how actually fast LINQ to SQL is, I start to suspect that when doing that query I just wrote, LINQ somehow converts it to a SQL Query string SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE Age > 30 And only when necessary it will run the query. So my question is: am I right? And when is the query actually run? The reason why I'm asking is not only because I want to understand how it works in order to build good optimized applications, but because I came across the following problem. I have 2 tables, one of them is Books, the other has information on how many books were sold on certain days. My goal is to select books that had at least 50 sales/day in past 10 days. It's done with this simple query: from Book in DB.Books where (from Sale in DB.Sales where Sale.SalesAmount >= 50 and Sale.DateOfSale >= DateTime.Now.AddDays(-10) select Sale.BookID).Contains(Book.ID) select Book The point is, I have to use the checking part in several queries and I decided to create an array with IDs of all popular books: var popularBooksIDs = from Sale in DB.Sales where Sale.SalesAmount >= 50 and Sale.DateOfSale >= DateTime.Now.AddDays(-10) select Sale.BookID; BUT when I try to do the query now: from Book in DB.Books where popularBooksIDs.Contains(Book.ID) select Book It doesn't work! That's why I think that we can't use thins kinds of shortcuts in LINQ to SQL queries, like we can't use them in real SQL. We have to create straightforward queries, am I right?

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• How do you work on Strategic Development initiatives when Tactical work takes priority?

  - by Shaun F

  My day-to-day job consists of maintaining large volume websites and this has given me exposure to developing better methods to develop and maintain the code. This has also given me a large body of knowledge in the code base in terms of troubleshooting that is beneficial to the company. I'm also the maintainer of an IDE plug in I created to help navigate and generate code that is used. Operationally though, my job is to handle any client requests that come in of that are emergencies and make any enhancements and additions to the code base required. This work, along with the daily managing and feeding of the the project managers will take up my entire day. How does one manage the time between the tactical day job and the strategic initiatives? How does one get and ask for recognition for taking strategic initiatives? Is the 8-9 hour day just not going to cut it? Is there even a job out there for programmers to develop strategic initiatives and solutions for a company? I want to also point out that this isn't a problem with the company at all. I think this is more of a personal-improvement decision. Nobody will say no to the improvements at all. I believe in making the things happen but I don't think I'm going to get time from the company to do it...

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• Why is UseCompatibleTextRendering needed here?

  - by HotOil

  Hi, I think I'm missing something fundamental. Please tell me what it is, if you can. I have developed a little C++ WinForms app using VS2008. So it is built using .NET 3.5 SP1. My development box is Win7, if that matters. The default value of UseCompatibleTextRendering property in WinForms controls is false in this version of VStudio. And this should not matter to me, I don't think. I don't have any custom-drawn text or controls. The app looks good running on my Win7 box. If I package it up (dragging along .NET 3.5) and install it on one of our WinXP desktops, the buttons and labels don't look good; the text is chopped off in them. If I set UseCompatibleTextRendering to true and then run it on the XP boxes, the text fits into the buttons and labels. My question is: Why? The installation puts .Net 3.5 on the XP boxes, so the app should be able to find and use the right version of WinForms, right? I should note that before I put my app + .NET 3.5 on these boxes, they have no .NET at all. They do not get automatic Microsoft updates; our IT guy gates the patches and upgrades. [ This sort of thing has happened before with apps I create.. they look/work great on the Engineering machines, because we maintain those and they mostly have up-to-date stuff. When they are run on the corporate boxes, they usually don't run and need the VCredist installed. ] Back to the question at hand: The text looks better with the UseCompatibleTextRendering set to false, so I'd rather keep it that way, if I can. I'd like to understand what might be missing on those XP boxes that is making the text not fit. Thanks S

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• Code Contracts: Do we have to specify Contract.Requires(...) statements redundantly in delegating me

  - by herzmeister der welten

  I'm intending to use the new .NET 4 Code Contracts feature for future development. This made me wonder if we have to specify equivalent Contract.Requires(...) statements redundantly in a chain of methods. I think a code example is worth a thousand words: public bool CrushGodzilla(string weapon, int velocity) { Contract.Requires(weapon != null); // long code return false; } public bool CrushGodzilla(string weapon) { Contract.Requires(weapon != null); // specify contract requirement here // as well??? return this.CrushGodzilla(weapon, int.MaxValue); } For runtime checking it doesn't matter much, as we will eventually always hit the requirement check, and we will get an error if it fails. However, is it considered bad practice when we don't specify the contract requirement here in the second overload again? Also, there will be the feature of compile time checking, and possibly also design time checking of code contracts. It seems it's not yet available for C# in Visual Studio 2010, but I think there are some languages like Spec# that already do. These engines will probably give us hints when we write code to call such a method and our argument currently can or will be null. So I wonder if these engines will always analyze a call stack until they find a method with a contract that is currently not satisfied? Furthermore, here I learned about the difference between Contract.Requires(...) and Contract.Assume(...). I suppose that difference is also to consider in the context of this question then?

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• C++ MACRO that will execute a block of code and a certain command after that block.

  - by Poni

  void main() { int xyz = 123; // original value { // code block starts xyz++; if(xyz < 1000) xyz = 1; } // code block ends int original_value = xyz; // should be 123 } void main() { int xyz = 123; // original value MACRO_NAME(xyz = 123) // the macro takes the code code that should be executed at the end of the block. { // code block starts xyz++; if(xyz < 1000) xyz = 1; } // code block ends << how to make the macro execute the "xyz = 123" statement? int original_value = xyz; // should be 123 } Only the first main() works. I think the comments explain the issue. It doesn't need to be a macro but to me it just sounds like a classical "macro-needed" case. By the way, there's the BOOST_FOREACH macro/library and I think it does the exact same thing I'm trying to achieve but it's too complex for me to find the essence of what I need. From its introductory manual page, an example: #include <string> #include <iostream> #include <boost/foreach.hpp> int main() { std::string hello( "Hello, world!" ); BOOST_FOREACH( char ch, hello ) { std::cout << ch; } return 0; }

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• Constructor initializer list: code from the C++ Primer, chapter 16

  - by Alexandros Gezerlis

  Toward the end of Chapter 16 of the "C++ Primer" I encountered the following code (I've removed a bunch of lines): class Sales_item { public: // default constructor: unbound handle Sales_item(): h() { } private: Handle<Item_base> h; // use-counted handle }; My problem is with the Sales_item(): h() { } line. For the sake of completeness, let me also quote the parts of the Handle class template that I think are relevant to my question (I think I don't need to show the Item_base class): template <class T> class Handle { public: // unbound handle Handle(T *p = 0): ptr(p), use(new size_t(1)) { } private: T* ptr; // shared object size_t *use; // count of how many Handles point to *ptr }; I would have expected something like either: a) Sales_item(): h(0) { } which is a convention the authors have used repeatedly in earlier chapters, or b) Handle<Item_base>() if the intention was to invoke the default constructor of the Handle class. Instead, what the book has is Sales_item(): h() { }. My gut reaction is that this is a typo, since h() looks suspiciously similar to a function declaration. On the other hand, I just tried compiling under g++ and running the example code that uses this class and it seems to be working correctly. Any thoughts?

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• Cache layer for MVC - Model or controller?

  - by Industrial

  Hi everyone, I am having some second thoughts about where to implement the caching part. Where is the most appropriate place to implement it, you think? Inside every model, or in the controller? Approach 1 (psuedo-code): // mycontroller.php MyController extends Controller_class { function index () { $data = $this->model->getData(); echo $data; } } // myModel.php MyModel extends Model_Class{ function getData() { $data = memcached->get('data'); if (!$data) { $query->SQL_QUERY("Do query!"); } return $data; } } Approach 2: // mycontroller.php MyController extends Controller_class { function index () { $dataArray = $this->memcached->getMulti('data','data2'); foreach ($dataArray as $key) { if (!$key) { $data = $this->model->getData(); $this->memcached->set($key, $data); } } echo $data; } } // myModel.php MyModel extends Model_Class{ function getData() { $query->SQL_QUERY("Do query!"); return $data; } } Thoughts: Approach 1: No multiget/multi-set. If a high number of keys would be returned, overhead would be caused. Easier to maintain, all database/cache handling is in each model Approach 2: Better performancewise - multiset/multiget is used More code required Harder to maintain Tell me what you think!

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