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  • Why "constructor-way" of declaring variable in "for-loop" allowed but in "if-statement" not allowed?

    - by PiotrNycz
    Consider this simple example: /*1*/ int main() { /*2*/ for (int i(7); i;){break;} /*3*/ if (int i(7)) {} /*4*/ } Why line-2 compiles just fine, whilst line-3 gives the error? This is little strange to me why if-statement is in this aspect treated worse than for-loop? If this is compiler specific - I tested with gcc-4.5.1: prog.cpp: In function 'int main()': prog.cpp:3:7: error: expected primary-expression before 'int' prog.cpp:3:7: error: expected ')' before 'int' I was inspired by this question [UPDATE] I know this compiles just fine: /*1*/ int main() { /*2*/ for (int i = 7; i;){break;} /*3*/ if (int i = 7) {} /*4*/ }

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  • How to know if your Unit Test Fixture is “right-sized”?

    - by leeand00
    How do you know if you "Test Fixture" is right-sized. And by "Test Fixture" I mean a class with a bunch of tests in it. One thing that I've always noticed with my test fixtures is that they get to be kind of verbose; seeing as they could also be not verbose enough, how do you get a sense of when your unit tests are the right size? My assumption is that (at least in the context of web development) you should have one test fixture class per page. I know of a good quote for this and it's: "Perfection is achieved, not when there is nothing left to add, but when there is nothing left to remove." - Antoine de Saint-Exupery.

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  • How to Check Authenticity of an AJAX Request

    - by Alex Reisner
    I am designing a web site in which users solve puzzles as quickly as they can. JavaScript is used to time each puzzle, and the number of milliseconds is sent to the server via AJAX when the puzzle is completed. How can I ensure that the time received by the server was not forged by the user? I don't think a session-based authenticity token (the kind used for forms in Rails) is sufficient because I need to authenticate the source of a value, not just the legitimacy of the request. Is there a way to cryptographically sign the request? I can't think of anything that couldn't be duplicated by a hacker. Is any JavaScript, by its exposed, client-side nature, subject to tampering? Am I going to have to use something that gets compiled, like Flash? (Yikes.) Or is there some way to hide a secret key? Or something else I haven't thought of? Update: To clarify, I don't want to penalize people with slow network connections (and network speed should be considered inconsistent), so the timing needs to be 100% client-side (the timer starts only when we know the user can see the puzzle). Also, there is money involved so no amount of "trusting the user" is acceptable.

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  • What is the cost of memory access?

    - by Jurily
    We like to think that a memory access is fast and constant, but on modern architectures/OSes, that's not necessarily true. Consider the following C code: int i = 34; int *p = &i; // do something that may or may not involve i and p {...} // 3 days later: *p = 643; What is the estimated cost of this last assignment in CPU instructions, if i is in L1 cache, i is in L2 cache, i is in L3 cache, i is in RAM proper, i is paged out to an SSD disk, i is paged out to a traditional disk? Where else can i be? Of course the numbers are not absolute, but I'm only interested in orders of magnitude. I tried searching the webs, but Google did not bless me this time.

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  • Inter-rater agreement (Fleiss' Kappa, Krippendorff's Alpha etc) Java API?

    - by adam
    I am working on building a Question Classification/Answering corpus as a part of my masters thesis. I'm looking at evaluating my expected answer type taxonomy with respect to inter-rater agreement/reliability, and I was wondering: Does anybody know of any decent (preferably free) Java API(s) that can do this? I'm reasonably certain all I need is Fleiss' Kappa and Krippendorff's Alpha at this point. Weka provides a kappa statistic in it's evaluation package, but I think it can only evaluate a classifier and I'm not at that stage yet (because I'm still building the data set and classes). Thanks.

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  • Solving problems with near infinite potential solutions

    - by Zonda333
    Today I read the following problem: Use the digits 2, 0, 1, 1 and the operations +, -, x, ÷, sqrt, ^ , !, (), combinations, and permutations to write equations for the counting numbers 1 through 100. All four digits must be used in each expression. Only the digits 2, 0, 1, 1 may be used, and each must be used exactly once. Decimals may be used, as in .1, .02, etc. Digits may be combined; numbers such as 20 or 101 may be used. Example: 60 = 10*(2+1)!, 54 = ¹¹C2 - 0! Though I was able to quickly find around 50 solutions quite easily in my head, I thought programming it would be a far superior solution. However, I then realized I had no clue how to go about solving a problem like this. I am not asking for complete code for me to copy and paste, but for ideas about how I would solve this problems, and others like it that have nearly infinite potential solutions. As I will be writing it in python, where I have the most experience, I would prefer if the answers were more python based, but general ideas are great too.

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  • Methods in Ruby: objects or not?

    - by Mladen Jablanovic
    Inspired by this discussion, after some googling I wasn't able to find an answer to a pretty simple question regarding methods in Ruby: are they objects or not? There are different opinions here and there, and I would really like to hear, let's say, an in-depth explanation. I'm aware of Object#method method, which takes a method name and returns a Method instance, but, on the other hand, there's a similar thing you can do with blocks to make them into Proc instances, and blocks aren't objects, so what makes methods any different?

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  • Graph search problem with route restrictions

    - by Darcara
    I want to calculate the most profitable route and I think this is a type of traveling salesman problem. I have a set of nodes that I can visit and a function to calculate cost for traveling between nodes and points for reaching the nodes. The goal is to reach a fixed known score while minimizing the cost. This cost and rewards are not fixed and depend on the nodes visited before. The starting node is fixed. There are some restrictions on how nodes can be visited. Some simplified examples include: Node B can only be visited after A After node C has been visited, D or E can be visited. Visiting at least one is required, visiting both is permissible. Z can only be visited after at least 5 other nodes have been visited Once 50 nodes have been visited, the nodes A-M will no longer reward points Certain nodes can (and probably must) be visited multiple times Currently I can think of only two ways to solve this: a) Genetic Algorithms, with the fitness function calculating the cost/benefit of the generated route b) Dijkstra search through the graph, since the starting node is fixed, although the large number of nodes will probably make that not feasible memory wise. Are there any other ways to determine the best route through the graph? It doesn't need to be perfect, an approximated path is perfectly fine, as long as it's error acceptable. Would TSP-solvers be an option here?

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  • Extensions methods and forward compatibilty of source code.

    - by TcKs
    Hi, I would like solve the problem (now hypothetical but propably real in future) of using extension methods and maginification of class interface in future development. Example: /* the code written in 17. March 2010 */ public class MySpecialList : IList<MySpecialClass> { // ... implementation } // ... somewhere elsewhere ... MySpecialList list = GetMySpecialList(); // returns list of special classes var reversedList = list.Reverse().ToList(); // .Reverse() is extension method /* now the "list" is unchanged and "reveresedList" has same items in reversed order */ /* --- in future the interface of MySpecialList will be changed because of reason XYZ*/ /* the code written in some future */ public class MySpecialList : IList<MySpecialClass> { // ... implementation public MySpecialList Reverse() { // reverse order of items in this collection return this; } } // ... somewhere elsewhere ... MySpecialList list = GetMySpecialList(); // returns list of special classes var reversedList = list.Reverse().ToList(); // .Reverse() was extension method but now is instance method and do something else ! /* now the "list" is reversed order of items and "reveresedList" has same items lake in "list" */ My question is: Is there some way how to prevent this case (I didn't find them)? If is now way how to prevent it, is there some way how to find possible issues like this? If is now way how to find possible issues, should I forbid usage of extension methods? Thanks.

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  • Stop overlooking minor details

    - by Mark Lubin
    Compared to most people on this site I am admittedly a novice. I wanted to get some advice from the pros on how to avoid making stupid errors in your code. Is there anyone else who had the problem when they were first starting out of missing some detail that causes big problems? Are there any habits or behaviors that helped you over come this.

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  • Mandatory method documentation

    - by Sjoerd
    On my previous job, providing all methods with javadoc was mandatory, which resulted in things like this: /** * Sets the Frobber. * * @param frobber The frobber */ public setFrobber(Frobber frobber) { ... } As you can see, the documentation adds little to the code, but takes up space and work. Should documenting all methods be mandatory or optional? Is there a rule for which methods to document? What are pros and cons of requiring every method to be documented?

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  • Creating our own APIs

    - by Markii
    We need a bunch of APIs for our service and are looking at the job as being quite tedious for starting from scratch because we need strict user restrictions such as max queries and usage statistics. Are there any pre-made services or scripts for this already?

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  • [Raise|Trigger|Fire|...] an event?!?

    - by winSharp93
    Hello, in a German programming forum we currently have a discussion about events and what you (grammatically) do with them. The MSDN talks about "Event Raising" and "to raise an event". Thus, this seems to be one possibility. Are there any other synonyms? What about "to trigger an event" and "to fire an event"? A Google search will bring results for all of the three possibilities. This, however, does not mean that they are correct, too, of course. Are they? Are there any (stylistic, ...) differences or are they used in different contexts? Many thanks in advance for ending a heated debate :-)

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  • Arrange 0's & 1's in a array

    - by Ganesh M
    This is one of an interview question which I had recently. I would like to know others perception of approach for this problem. Question: You are given a structure which holds an employee details with two elements as int Deptartment and string Name. struct Employee { string Name; int Dept; } You are given details of N Employees among which there are N/2 employees Dept are 0's and N/2 employees dept are 1's arranged in some random order. You need to sort the employee details based on their Dept value and it should be stable i.e., the order of 1s and 0s in the original record should be maintained. For example, given the following sample data: Name Dept X1 0 X2 1 X3 0 X4 1 X5 0 after sorting the result should be: Name Dept X2 1 X4 1 X1 0 X3 0 X5 0 The algorithm should be stable and the complexity should be o(N), with constant space for additional variables (which means sorting should be done in-place).

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  • A StringToken Parser which gives Google Search style "Did you mean:" Suggestions

    - by _ande_turner_
    Seeking a method to: Take whitespace separated tokens in a String; return a suggested Word ie: Google Search can take "fonetic wrd nterpreterr", and atop of the result page it shows "Did you mean: phonetic word interpreter" A solution in any of the C* languages or Java would be preferred. Are there any existing Open Libraries which perform such functionality? Or is there a way to Utilise a Google API to request a suggested word?

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  • Code Golf: Connecting the dots

    - by ChristopheD
    Description: The input are multiple lines (terminated by a newline) which describe a 'field'. There are 'numbers' scattered across this field: the numbers always start at 1 they follow the ordering of the natural numbers: every 'next number' is incremented with 1 every number is surrounded by (at least) one whitespace on it's left and right Task: Draw lines between these numbers in their natural order (1 -> 2 -> 3 -> ...N) with the following characteristics: replace a number with a '+' character for horizontal lines: use '-' for vertical lines: use '|' going left and down or right and up: / going left and up or right and down: \ Important note: When drawing lines of type 4 and 5 you can assume that : (given points to connect with coordinates x1, y1 and x2, y2) distance(x1,x2) == distance(y1,y2). Have a look at the examples to see where you should 'attach' the lines. It is important to follow the order in which the dots are connected (newer lines can be drawn over older lines). Sample input 1 9 10 8 7 6 5 11 13 12 3 4 14 15 16 1 2 Sample output 1 /+ / | / | +/ +--+ | +\ | \ | \+ /+ | / | /+-------------+/ +---+ / | +--+ | + | +--------------------------+ Sample input 2 4 2 3 5 6 1 8 7 Sample output 2 /+ / | / | / | /+------------------+/ +--------+\ / \ +/ +--------------------------------------+ Winner: shortest solution (by code count). Input can be read via command line.

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  • How to read.table with "Hebrew" column names (in R)?

    - by Tal Galili
    Hi all, I am trying to read a .txt file, with Hebrew column names, but without success. I uploaded an example file to: http://www.talgalili.com/files/aa.txt And am trying the command: read.table("http://www.talgalili.com/files/aa.txt", header = T, sep = "\t") This returns me with: X.....ª X...ª...... X...œ.... 1 12 97 6 2 123 354 44 3 6 1 3 Instead of: ??? ????? ???? 12 97 6 123 354 44 6 1 3 My output for: l10n_info() Is: $MBCS [1] FALSE $`UTF-8` [1] FALSE $`Latin-1` [1] TRUE $codepage [1] 1252 And for: Sys.getlocale() Is: [1] "LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252;LC_CTYPE=English_United States.1252;LC_MONETARY=English_United States.1252;LC_NUMERIC=C;LC_TIME=English_United States.1252" Can you suggest to me what to try and change to allow me to load the file correctly ? Update: Trying to use: read.table("http://www.talgalili.com/files/aa.txt",fileEncoding ="iso8859-8") Has resulted in: V1 1 ? Warning messages: 1: In read.table("http://www.talgalili.com/files/aa.txt", fileEncoding = "iso8859-8") : invalid input found on input connection 'http://www.talgalili.com/files/aa.txt' 2: In read.table("http://www.talgalili.com/files/aa.txt", fileEncoding = "iso8859-8") : incomplete final line found by readTableHeader on 'http://www.talgalili.com/files/aa.txt' While also trying this: Sys.setlocale("LC_ALL", "en_US.UTF-8") Or this: Sys.setlocale("LC_ALL", "en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8") Get's me this: [1] "" Warning message: In Sys.setlocale("LC_ALL", "en_US.UTF-8") : OS reports request to set locale to "en_US.UTF-8" cannot be honored Any suggestion or clarification will be appreciated. Best, Tal

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  • Starting a personal reuasable code repository.

    - by Rob Stevenson-Leggett
    Hi, I've been meaning to start a library of reusable code snippets for a while and never seem to get round to it. At the moment I just tend to have some transient classes/files that I drag out of old projects. I think my main problems are: Where to start. What structure should my repository take? Should it be a compiled library (where appropriate) or just classes/files I can drop into any project? Or a library project that can be included? What are the licencing implications of that? In my experience, a built/minified library will quickly become out of date and the source will get lost. So I'm leaning towards source that I can export from SVN and include in any project. Intellectual property. I am employeed, so a lot of the code I write is not my IP. How can I ensure that I don't give my own IP away using it on projects in work and at home? I'm thinking the best way would be to licence my library with an open source licence and make sure I only add to it in my own time using my own equipment and therefore making sure that if I use it in a work project the same rules apply as if I was using a third party library. I write in many different languages and often would require two or more parts of this library. Should I look at implementing a few template projects and a core project for each of my chosen reusable components and languages? Has anyone else got this sort of library and how do you organise and update it?

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  • Tests that are 2-3 times bigger than the testable code

    - by HeavyWave
    Is it normal to have tests that are way bigger than the actual code being tested? For every line of code I am testing I usually have 2-3 lines in the unit test. Which ultimately leads to tons of time being spent just typing the tests in (mock, mock and mock more). Where are the time savings? Do you ever avoid tests for code that is along the lines of being trivial? Most of my methods are less than 10 lines long and testing each one of them takes a lot of time, to the point where, as you see, I start questioning writing most of the tests in the first place. I am not advocating not unit testing, I like it. Just want to see what factors people consider before writing tests. They come at a cost (in terms of time, hence money), so this cost must be evaluated somehow. How do you estimate the savings created by your unit tests, if ever?

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