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• What is the difference between an Abstract Syntax Tree and a Concrete Syntax Tree?

  - by Jason Baker

  I've been reading a bit about how interpreters/compilers work, and one area where I'm getting confused is the difference between an AST and a CST. My understanding is that the parser makes a CST, hands it to the semantic analyzer which turns it into an AST. However, my understanding is that the semantic analyzer simply ensures that rules are followed. I don't really understand why it would actually make any changes to make it abstract rather than concrete. Is there something that I'm missing about the semantic analyzer, or is the difference between an AST and CST somewhat artificial?

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• Object as an array

  - by owca

  I need to create class Dog and PurebredDog extending Dog. Problem is that Dog can be at once single object and array of objects (Dogs and PurebreedDogs : Dog pack[]={new Dog(76589,"As","black",18, "Ann","Kowalsky"), new PurebreedDog(45321,"Labrador","Elf","black",25, "Angus","Mati","Barbara","Smith"), new Dog(102467,"Gamma","brown",89, "Josh","Coke"), new PurebreedDog(9678,"York","Theta","brown",8, "Emka","Figaro","Alice","Cat")}; for(int i=0; i < pack.length; i++) System.out.println(pack[i]+"\n\n"); How to write proper constructor for Dog ?

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• CA1034: Nested types should not be visible

  - by George

  Here's an explanation of the rule that that I am trying to understand. Here's the simplified code that the Code Analyzer was complaining about: Public Class CustomerSpeed Public Enum ProfitTypeEnum As Integer NotSpecified = 0 FlatAmount = 1 PercentOfProfit = 2 End Enum Private _ProfitTypeEnum As ProfitTypeEnum Public Sub New(ByVal profitType As ProfitTypeEnum) _ProfitTypeEnum = profitType End Sub End Class If the enum pertains only to the class, why is it a bad thing to make it a contained type within the class? Seems neater to me... Does anyone know what is meant by the following line?: Nested types include the notion of member accessibility, which some programmers do not understand clearly Using Namespaces to group the Class and Enum doesn't seem like a useful way to resolve this warning, since I would like both the enum to belong to the same parent level as the class name.

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• SqlCommandBuilder.DeriveParameters(command) and IsNullable

  - by Andrey

  I have written an O/R database wrapper that generates some wrapper methods for stored procs it reads from the database. Now I need to produce some custom wrapper code if an input parameter of a stored proc is defaulted to NULL. The problem is - I get stored proc parameters using: SqlCommandBuilder.DeriveParameters(command) and it doesn't bring parameter defaults. Is there any way to look up those defaults? Are they stored anywhere in the database? BTW, I'm using SQL Server 2008

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• Intercepting creation of new object.

  - by amctammany

  I'm adding a categorization functionality to my app and struggling with it. Objects have many categories through categorizations. I'm trying to intercept the creation of a new categorization, check if theres a similar one, if so, increment it's count, if not, create a new object. Here's what I have so far. validate :check_unique protected def check_unique categorization = Categorization.where(:category_id => self.category_id, :categorizable_id => self.categorizable_id, :categorizable_type => self.categorizable_type) if categorization.first categorization.first.increment(:count) end end

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• "'data(...).options' is null or not an object" in jquery-ui

  - by ripper234

  I'm using jquery-ui 1.8, and getting this error in Internet Explorer: Webpage error details User Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E) Timestamp: Mon, 10 May 2010 06:26:48 UTC Message: 'data(...).options' is null or not an object Line: 75 Char: 13074 Code: 0 URI: http://localhost:58365/Scripts/Lib/jquery-ui-1.8.custom.min.js Is this a known bug? Is there a workaround? The error happens when I use droppable/draggable.

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• A cycle in object graph detected in JPA.

  - by Nitesh Panchal

  Hello, I am trying to figure out this error since 5 hours without any success. SO i finally thought of posting in here. Please help i am really in big trouble. I am stuck on this and see no way of solving this error. This is my database structure tblBlogRegion BlogRegionId (primary key) BlogRegionName tblGadget GadgetId(primary key) GadgetName tblBlogs BlogId(primary key) Blogname BlogTypeId (reference key from tblSiteTerm tblSiteTerms SiteTermsId(primary key) SiteTermsName tblBlogGadgets BlogGadgetsId(primary key) BlogRegionId(foreign key from tblBlogRegion) BlogId(foreign key from tblBlog) GadgetId(foreign key from tblGadget) Is it not normal database structure? Do you see anything that is cyclic? WHen i try to fetch list from tblGadgets i get this error :- [com.sun.istack.SAXException2: A cycle is detected in the object graph. This will cause infinitely deep XML: entity.BlogGadgets[blogGadgetsId=1] -> entity.Blogs[blogId=2] -> entity.BlogGadgets[blogGadgetsId=1]] I am trying to get list from web service using JAS-WS.

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• How to handle "mutating method sent to immutable object" exception?

  - by Madan Mohan

  I am having a class called Customer. Customer *object; //in this object i have the following data varialbles. object.customerName object.customerAddress object.customerContactList I declared customerContactList as NSMutableArray and also allocated and initialized. Now I am adding or deleting from contactList. //Adding. [object.customerContactList addObject:editcontacts];// here editcontacts one of the object in contactList. //Deleting. [object.customerContactList removeObjectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; [theTableView deleteSections:[NSIndexSet indexSetWithIndex:indexPath.section] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade]; I am getting exception even it is NSMutableArray. Please help me. Thank You, Madan Mohan

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• Lightweight Object->Database in python

  - by pehrs

  I am in need of a lightweight way to store dictionaries of data into a database. What I need is something that: Creates a database table from a simple type description (int, float, datetime etc) Takes a dictionary object and inserts it into the database (including handling datetime objects!) If possible: Can handle basic references, so the dictionary can reference other tables I would prefer something that doesn't do a lot of magic. I just need an easy way to setup and get data into an SQL database. What would you suggest? There seems to be a lot of ORM software around, but I find it hard to evaluate them.

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• Kohana ORM Aliasing and "Trying to get property of non-object"

  - by Toto

  I have the following tables in the database: teams: id name matches: id team1_id team2_id I've defined the following ORM models in my Kohana application: class Match_Model extends ORM { protected $belongs_to = array('team1_id' => 'team', 'team2_id' => 'team'); } class Team_Model extends ORM { protected $has_many = array('matches'); } The following code in a controller: $match = ORM::factory('match',1); echo $match->team1_id->name; /* <-- */ Is throwing the following error on the linke marked with /* <--- */: Trying to get property of non-object The framework is yielding the value of the foreign key instead of a reference to a Match_Model instance as it should (giving the has_many and belongs_to properties stated). Am I missing something? Note: Just in case, I've added the irregular plural 'match' => 'matches' in application/config/inflector.php

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• How to generate function call graphs for JavaScript?

  - by Jeremy Rudd

  Are there softwares that can generate graphs that show which functions call which functions? I need to analyze JavaScript source code, a language which Doxygen/Graphviz does not support, though it does support C++ and others. If there are no tools that support JavaScript out-of-the-box, is there a way to convert JS to C++ so I can use Doxygen itself?

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• Best fit curve for trend line

  - by Dave Jarvis

  Problem Constraints Size of the data set, but not the data itself, is known. Data set grows by one data point at a time. Trend line is graphed one data point at a time (using a spline/Bezier curve). Graphs The collage below shows data sets with reasonably accurate trend lines: The graphs are: Upper-left. By hour, with ~24 data points. Upper-right. By day for one year, with ~365 data points. Lower-left. By week for one year, with ~52 data points. Lower-right. By month for one year, with ~12 data points. User Inputs The user can select: the type of time series (hourly, daily, monthly, quarterly, annual); and the start and end dates for the time series. For example, the user could select a daily report for 30 days in June. Trend Weight To calculate the window size (i.e., the number of data points to average when calculating the trend line), the following expression is used: data points / trend weight Where data points is derived from user inputs and trend weight is 6.4. Even though a trend weight of 6.4 produces good fits, it is rather arbitrary, and might not be appropriate for different user inputs. Question How should trend weight be calculated given the constraints of this problem?

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• Vertex Buffer Object not drawing in SDL window

  - by intregus

  I'm just using the opengl SDL template with Xcode, and everything runs fine. I removed the Atlantis code, and changed the main extension to .mm, then added some testing code to drawGL. Drawing a simple triangle (using immediate mode) at this point inside drawGL gives me a white triangle, but when I add the code to draw using a vertex buffer object, i just get a black window. Here is my VBO drawing code: glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear The Screen And The Depth Buffer glLoadIdentity(); GLuint buffer; float vertices[] = { 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f }; // VBO doesn't work :( glGenBuffers(1, &buffer); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(float) * 9, vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, vertices); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);

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• Django 1.2 object level permissions - third party solutions?

  - by mawimawi

  Since Django 1.2 final is almost out, I am curious if there are already projects that use the new object level permissions / row level permissions system. [django-authority][1] which is a possible solution for Django up to 1.1 has not been updated for a while, and does not (yet) use the new permissions system. It seems to me that Django-Authority is in a comatose state. Does someone know about upcoming or maybe even finished solutions? I'd appreciate any good links to active projects with at least some downloadable content very much. [1]: http://packages.python.org/django-authority/ django-authority

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• ADO.net, Check if ObjectContext is writeable

  - by user287107

  I have an embedded database in an asp.net mvc project. If I try to write to the file, I sometimes get a write failed exception because the SQL Server can't write to the file. How can I check an ObjectContext, if its writeable, without actually writing something to the database?

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• Free static checker for C99 code

  - by detly

  I am looking for a free static checker for C99 code (including GCC extensions) with the ability to explicitly say "these preprocessor macros are always defined." I need that last part because I am compiling embedded code for a single target processor. The compiler (Microchip's C32, GCC based) sets a macro based on the selected processor, which is then used in the PIC32 header files to select a processor-specific header file to include. cppcheck therefore fails because it detects the 30 different #ifdefs used to select one of the many possible PIC32 processors, tries to analyse all possible combinations of these plus all other #defines, and fails. For example, if splint could process C99 code, I would use splint -D__PIC32_FEATURE_SET__=460 -D__32MX460F512L__ \ -D__LANGUAGE_C__ -I/path/to/my/includes source.c

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• Is there any way to find unreferenced code in Flex Builder?

  - by Andrew Aylett

  We've got several Flex projects, one of which has just been refactored. I'm wondering if there's an easy way to tell which classes and functions (if any) aren't being used any more? I've discovered that we've definitely got some unused code, because running ASDoc on the entire project reports some compilation errors which don't get reported by Flex Builder (implying that those classes aren't being used any more). I'm hoping to find a more robust and complete method, and preferably one which can work at function level too.

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• WPF - Binding a color resource to the data object within a DataTemplate

  - by John

  I have a DataTemplate and a SolidColorBrush in the DataTemplate.Resources section. I want to bind the color to a property of the same data object that the DataTemplate itself is bound to. However, this does not work. The brush is ignored. Why? <DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type data:MyData}" x:Name="dtData"> <DataTemplate.Resources> <SolidColorBrush x:Key="bg" Color="{Binding Path=Color, Converter={StaticResource colorConverter}" /> </DataTemplate.Resources> <Border CornerRadius="15" Background="{StaticResource bg}" Margin="0" Opacity="0.5" Focusable="True"> </DataTemplate>

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• How to work-around "Object required" error when adding a variable in an ATL Dialog

  - by Toto

  I'm using Visual Studio .NET 2003 to develop a COM ATL application in unmanaged Visual C++. I've created a ATL Dialag and whenever I try to add a variable for a control the wizard thorws the message "Object required". I've tried the following alternatives: Right click in the control to call "Add variable" from there: this way the wizard does not thorws the message but the variable is not created. This post, but it is for VS2005. Does anyone knows any work-around-around for this problem? Or what the wizard actually does so I can do it manually?

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• Create IMAP account in Outlook 2007 programmatically

  - by jessicah

  Hi, we're rolling out a new voicemail system, and trying to figure out a way to programmatically add a new IMAP account to a user's Outlook. Idea is that I create a form that takes a bunch of fields needed, and creates it all for them.

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• Constant expression with custom object

  - by nils

  I'm trying to use an instant of a custom class as a template parameter. class X { public: X() {}; }; template <class Foo, Foo foo> struct Bar { }; const X x; Bar<X, x> foo; The compiler states that x cannot appear in a constant expression. Why that? There is everything given to construct that object at compile time.

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• Which Secure Software Development Practices do you Employ?

  - by Michael Howard-MSFT

  I work on a project known as the Security Development Lifecycle (SDL) project at Microsoft (http://microsoft.com/sdl) - in short it's a set of practices that must be used by product groups before they ship products to help improve security. Over the last couple of years, we have published a great deal of SDL documentation, as customers ask for more information about what we're doing. But what I'd like to know is: 1) What are you doing within your organization to help improve the security of your product? 2) What works? What doesn't work? 3) How did you get management to agree to this work? Thanks.

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• Constructing an object and calling a method without assignment in VB.Net

  - by mdryden

  I'm not entirely sure what to call what C# does, so I haven't had any luck searching for the VB.Net equivalent syntax (if it exists, which I suspect it probably doesn't). In c#, you can do this: public void DoSomething() { new MyHelper().DoIt(); // works just fine } But as far as I can tell, in VB.Net, you must assign the helper object to a local variable or you just get a syntax error: Public Sub DoSomething() New MyHelper().DoIt() ' won't compile End Sub Just one of those curiosity things I run into from day to day working on mixed language projects - often there is a VB.Net equivalent which uses less than obvious syntax. Anyone?

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• 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'day'

  - by Asinox

  Hi guy, i dont know where is my error, but Django 1.2.1 is give this error: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'day' when i try to save form from the Administrator Area models.py from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User class Editorial(models.Model): titulo = models.CharField(max_length=250,help_text='Titulo del editorial') editorial = models.TextField(help_text='Editorial') slug = models.SlugField(unique_for_date='pub_date') autor = models.ForeignKey(User) pub_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) activa = models.BooleanField(verbose_name="Activa") enable_comments = models.BooleanField(verbose_name="Aceptar Comentarios",default=False) editorial_html = models.TextField(editable=False,blank=True) def __unicode__(self): return unicode(self.titulo) def get_absolute_url(self): return "/editorial/%s/%s/" % (self.pub_date.strftime("%Y/%b/%d").lower(), self.slug) class Meta: ordering=['-pub_date'] verbose_name_plural ='Editoriales' def save(self,force_insert=False, force_update=False): from markdown import markdown if self.editorial: self.editorial_html = markdown(self.editorial) super(Editorial,self).save(force_insert,force_update) i dont know why this error, thanks guys sorry with my English

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• In a digital photo, how can I detect if a mountain is obscured by clouds?

  - by Gavin Brock

  The problem I have a collection of digital photos of a mountain in Japan. However the mountain is often obscured by clouds or fog. What techniques can I use to detect that the mountain is visible in the image? I am currently using Perl with the Imager module, but open to alternatives. All the images are taken from the exact same position - these are some samples. My naïve solution I started by taking several horizontal pixel samples of the mountain cone and comparing the brightness values to other samples from the sky. This worked well for differentiating good image 1 and bad image 2. However in the autumn it snowed and the mountain became brighter than the sky, like image 3, and my simple brightness test started to fail. Image 4 is an example of an edge case. I would classify this as a good image since some of the mountain is clearly visible. UPDATE 1 Thank you for the suggestions - I am happy you all vastly over-estimated my competence. Based on the answers, I have started trying the ImageMagick edge-detect transform, which gives me a much simpler image to analyze. convert sample.jpg -edge 1 edge.jpg I assume I should use some kind of masking to get rid of the trees and most of the clouds. Once I have the masked image, what is the best way to compare the similarity to a 'good' image? I guess the "compare" command suited for this job? How do I get a numeric 'similarity' value from this?

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