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  • How should I use try...except while defining a function?

    - by SpawnCxy
    Hi all, I find I've been confused by the problem that when I needn't to use try..except.For last few days it was used in almost every function I defined which I think maybe a bad practice.For example: class mongodb(object): def getRecords(self,tname,conditions=''): try: col = eval("self.db.%s" %tname) recs = col.find(condition) return recs except Exception,e: #here make some error log with e.message What I thought is ,exceptions may be raised everywhere and I have to use try to get them. And my question is,is it a good practice to use it everywhere when defining functions?If not are there any principles for it?Help would be appreciated! Regards

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  • In Django, using __init__() method of non-abstract parent model to record class name of child model

    - by k-g-f
    In my Django project, I have a non-abstract parent model defined as follows: class Parent(models.Model): classType = models.CharField(editable=False,max_length=50) and, say, two children models defined as follows: class ChildA(Parent): parent = models.OneToOneField(Parent,parent_link=True) class ChildB(Parent): parent = models.OneToOneField(Parent,parent_link=True) Each time I create an instance of ChildA or of ChildB, I'd like the classType attribute to be set to the strings "ChildA" or "ChildB" respectively. What I have done is added an _ _ init_ _() method to Parent as follows: class Parent(models.Model): classType = models.CharField(editable=False,max_length=50) def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): super(Parent,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs) self.classType = self.__class__.__name__ Is there a better way to implement and achieve my desired result? One downside of this implementation is that when I have an instance of the Parent, say "parent", and I want to get the type of the child object linked with "parent", calling "parent.classType" gives me "Parent". In order to get the appropriate "ChildA" or "ChildB" value, I need to write a "_getClassType()" method to wrap a custom sql query.

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  • Python os.path.walk() method

    - by Aaron Moodie
    I'm currently using the walk method in a uni assignment. It's all working fine, but I was hoping that someone could explain something to me. in the example below, what is the a parameter used for on the myvisit method? >>> from os.path import walk >>> def myvisit(a, dir, files): ... print dir,": %d files"%len(files) >>> walk('/etc', myvisit, None) /etc : 193 files /etc/default : 12 files /etc/cron.d : 6 files /etc/rc.d : 6 files /etc/rc.d/rc0.d : 18 files /etc/rc.d/rc1.d : 27 files /etc/rc.d/rc2.d : 42 files /etc/rc.d/rc3.d : 17 files /etc/rc.d/rcS.d : 13 files

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  • Functional equivalent of if (p(f(a), f(b)) a else b

    - by oxbow_lakes
    I'm guessing that there must be a better functional way of expressing the following: def foo(i: Any) : Int if (foo(a) < foo(b)) a else b So in this example f == foo and p == _ < _. There's bound to be some masterful cleverness in scalaz for this! I can see that using BooleanW I can write: p(f(a), f(b)).option(a).getOrElse(b) But I was sure that I would be able to write some code which only referred to a and b once. If this exists it must be on some combination of Function1W and something else but scalaz is a bit of a mystery to me! EDIT: I guess what I'm asking here is not "how do I write this?" but "What is the correct name and signature for such a function and does it have anything to do with FP stuff I do not yet understand like Kleisli, Comonad etc?"

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  • How to yield a single element from for loop in scala?

    - by Julio Faerman
    Much like this question: Functional code for looping with early exit Say the code is def findFirst[T](objects: List[T]):T = { for (obj <- objects) { if (expensiveFunc(obj) != null) return /*???*/ Some(obj) } None } How to yield a single element from a for loop like this in scala? I do not want to use find, as proposed in the original question, i am curious about if and how it could be implemented using the for loop. * UPDATE * First, thanks for all the comments, but i guess i was not clear in the question. I am shooting for something like this: val seven = for { x <- 1 to 10 if x == 7 } return x And that does not compile. The two errors are: - return outside method definition - method main has return statement; needs result type I know find() would be better in this case, i am just learning and exploring the language. And in a more complex case with several iterators, i think finding with for can actually be usefull. Thanks commenters, i'll start a bounty to make up for the bad posing of the question :)

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  • Get _id from MongoDB using Scala

    - by user2438383
    For a given JSON how do I get the _id to use it as an id for inserting in another JSON? Tried to get the ID as shown below but does not return correct results. private def getModelRunId(): List[String] = { val resultsCursor: List[DBObject] = modelRunResultsCollection.find(MongoDBObject.empty, MongoDBObject(FIELD_ID -> 1)).toList println("resultsCursor >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> " + resultsCursor) resultsCursor.map(x => (Json.parse(x.toString()) \ FIELD_ID).asOpt[String]).flatten } { "_id": ObjectId("5269723bd516ec3a69f3639e"), "modelRunId": ObjectId("5269723ad516ec3a69f3639d"), "results": [ { "ClaimId": "526971f5b5b8b9148404623a", "pricingResult": { "TxId": 0, "ClaimId": "Large_Batch_1", "Errors": [ ], "Disposition": [ { "GroupId": 1, "PriceAmt": 20, "Status": "Priced Successfully", "ReasonCode": 0, "Reason": "RmbModel(PAM_DC_1):ProgramNode(Validation CPG):ServiceGroupNode(Medical Services):RmbTerm(RT)", "PricingMethodologyId": 2, "Lines": [ { "Id": 1 } ] } ] } },

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  • Grails searchable plugin with hasMany

    - by user2624442
    I am using grails searchable plugin to search my domain classes. However, I cannot yet search by my hasMany (skills and interests) fields even though they are of the simple type String. This is my domain class: class EmpactUser { static searchable = [except: ['dateCreated','password','enabled','accountExpired','accountLocked','passwordExpired']] String username String password boolean enabled = true boolean accountExpired boolean accountLocked boolean passwordExpired String email String firstName String lastName String address String phoneNumber String description byte[] avatar byte[] resume Date dateCreated static hasMany = [ skills : String, interests : String, // each user has the ability to list many skills and interests so that they can be matched with a project. ] static constraints = { username blank: false, unique: true password blank: false email email: true, blank: false firstName blank: false lastName blank: false description nullable: true address nullable: true avatar nullable: true, maxSize: 1024 * 1024 * 10 resume nullable: true, maxSize: 1024 * 1024 * 10 phoneNumber nullable: true, matches: "/[(][+]d{3}[)]d+/", maxSize: 30 } } This is the code I am using to search: def empactUserList = EmpactUser.search( searchQuery, [reload: false, result: "every", defaultOperator: "or"]) Am I missing something? Thanks, Alan.

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  • Abort early in a fold

    - by Heptic
    What's the best way to terminate a fold early? As a simplified example, imagine I want to sum up the numbers in an Iterable, but if I encounter something I'm not expecting (say an odd number) I might want to terminate. This is a first approximation def sumEvenNumbers(nums: Iterable[Int]): Option[Int] = { nums.foldLeft (Some(0): Option[Int]) { case (None, _) => None case (Some(s), n) if n % 2 == 0 => Some(s + n) case (Some(_), _) => None } } However, this solution is pretty ugly (as in, if I did a .foreach and a return -- it'd be much cleaner and clearer) and worst of all, it traverses the entire iterable even if it encounters a non-even number. So what would be the best way to write a fold like this, that terminates early? Should I just go and write this recursively, or is there a more accepted way?

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  • Edit form not being instanciated

    - by 47
    I have two models like this: class OptionsAndFeatures(models.Model): options = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) entertainment = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) seats_trim = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) convenience = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) body_exterior = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) lighting = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) safety = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) powertrain = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) suspension_handling = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) specs_dimensions = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) offroad_capability = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) class Vehicle(models.Model): ... options_and_features = models.ForeignKey(OptionsAndFeatures, blank=True, null=True) I have a model form for the OptionsAndFeaturesclass that I'm using in both the add and edit views. In the add view it works just fine. But the edit view renders the OptionsAndFeatures as blank. The code for the edit view is as follows: def edit_vehicle(request, stock_number=None): vehicle = get_object_or_404(Vehicle, stock_number=stock_number) if request.method == 'POST': # save info else: vehicle_form = VehicleForm(instance=vehicle) photos = PhotosFormSet(instance=vehicle) options = OptionsForm(instance=vehicle) #render_to_reponse What could be the problem here?

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  • What is the difference between "a is b" and "id(a) == id(b)" in Python?

    - by bp
    The id() inbuilt function gives... an integer (or long integer) which is guaranteed to be unique and constant for this object during its lifetime. The is operator, instead, gives... object identity So why is it possible to have two objects that have the same id but return False to an is check? Here is an example: >>> class Test(): ... def test(): ... pass >>> a = Test() >>> b = Test() >>> id(a.test) == id(b.test) True >>> a.test is b.test False A more troubling example: (continuing the above) >>> b = a >>> b is a True >>> b.test is a.test False >>> a.test is a.test False

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  • Django forms: prepopulate form with request.user and url parameter

    - by Malyo
    I'm building simple Course Management App. I want Users to sign up for Course. Here's sign up model: class CourseMembers(models.Model): student = models.ForeignKey(Student) course = models.ForeignKey(Course) def __unicode__(self): return unicode(self.student) Student model is extended User model - I'd like to fill the form with request.user. In Course model most important is course_id, which i'm passing into view throught URL parameter (for example http://127.0.0.1:8000/courses/course/1/). What i want to achieve, is to generate 'invisible' (so user can't change the inserted data) form with just input, but containing request.user and course_id parameter.

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  • Modifying an inherited Rails association

    - by Chris Kilmer
    I have a Team class that inherits from a Group class. Both Team and Groups have memberships through the same association. However, I need to run a method after a Team memberships is added but not a Group. I currently have something like this: class Group < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :memberships, :class_name => 'Connection', :foreign_key => 'connectable_id', :as => :connectable, :dependent => :destroy end class Team < Group has_many :memberships, :class_name => 'Connection', :foreign_key => 'connectable_id', :as => :connectable, :dependent => :destroy, :after_add => :add_company_membership private def membership_check(membership) end end Is there some way to modify the inherited association in Team so that I don't have to redefine the entire thing but rather just add the :after_add hook it? Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Delayed evaluation in Clojure

    - by StackedCrooked
    I'm having some trouble understanding how the delay macro works in Clojure. It doesn't seem to do what expect it to do (that is: delaying evaluation). As you can see in this code sample: ; returns the current time (defn get-timestamp [] (.getTime (java.util.Date.))) ; var should contain the current timestamp after calling "force" (def current-time (delay (get-timestamp))) However, calling current-time in the REPL appears to immediately evaluate the expression, even without having used the force macro: user=> current-time #<Delay@19b5217: 1276376485859> user=> (force current-time) 1276376485859 Why was the evaluation of get-timestamp not delayed until the first force call?

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  • Python: UTF-8 problems (again...)

    - by blahblah
    I have a database which is synchronized against an external web source twice a day. This web source contains a bunch of entries, which have names and some extra information about these names. Some of these names are silly and I want to rename them when inserting them into my own database. To rename these silly names, I have a standard dictionary as such: RENAME_TABLE = { "Wsird" : "Weird", ... } As you can see, this is where UTF-8 comes into play. This is the function which performs renaming of all the problematic entries: def rename_all_entries(): all_keys = RENAME_TABLE.keys() entries = Entry.objects.filter(name__in=all_keys) for entry in entries: entry.name = RENAME_TABLE[entry.name] entry.save() So it tries to find the old name in RENAME_TABLE and renames the entry if found. However, I get a KeyError exception when using RENAME_TABLE[entry.name]. Now I'm lost, what do I do? I have... # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- ...in the top of the Python file.

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  • Using inheritance with multiple files in Ruby

    - by Preethi Jain
    I am new to Ruby . I have a question with respect to using Inheritence in Ruby . I have a class called as Doggy inside a file named Doggy.rb class Doggy def bark puts "Vicky is barking" end end I have written another class named Puppy in another file named puppy.rb class Puppy < Doggy end puts Doggy.new.bark I am getting this Error: Puppy.rb:1:in `<main>': uninitialized constant Doggy (NameError) Is it mandatory to have these classes (Doggy and Puppy ) inside a single file only? Edited As per the suggestions , i have tried using require and require_relative as shown , but still i am getting below Error Puppy.rb:1:in `<main>': uninitialized constant Doggy (NameError) class Puppy < Doggy end require_relative 'Doggy.rb' puts Doggy.new.bark

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  • Filtering SQLAlchemy query on attribute_mapped_collection field of relationship

    - by bsa
    I have two classes, Tag and Hardware, defined with a simple parent-child relationship (see the full definition at the end). Now I want to filter a query on Tag using the version field in Hardware through an attribute_mapped_collection, eg: def get_tags(order_code=None, hardware_filters=None): session = Session() query = session.query(Tag) if order_code: query = query.filter(Tag.order_code == order_code) if hardware_filters: for k, v in hardware_filters.iteritems(): query = query.filter(getattr(Tag.hardware, k).version == v) return query.all() But I get: AttributeError: Neither 'InstrumentedAttribute' object nor 'Comparator' object associated with Tag.hardware has an attribute 'baseband The same thing happens if I strip it back by hard-coding the attribute, eg: query.filter(Tag.hardware.baseband.version == v) I can do it this way: query = query.filter(Tag.hardware.any(artefact=k, version=v)) But why can't I filter directly through the attribute? Class definitions class Tag(Base): __tablename__ = 'tag' tag_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) order_code = Column(String, nullable=False) version = Column(String, nullable=False) status = Column(String, nullable=False) comments = Column(String) hardware = relationship( "Hardware", backref="tag", collection_class=attribute_mapped_collection('artefact'), ) __table_args__ = ( UniqueConstraint('order_code', 'version'), ) class Hardware(Base): __tablename__ = 'hardware' hardware_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) tag_id = Column(String, ForeignKey('tag.tag_id')) product_id = Column(String, nullable=True) artefact = Column(String, nullable=False) version = Column(String, nullable=False)

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  • Any way to stringify a variable id / symbol in Python?

    - by otz
    I'm wondering if it is possible at all in python to stringify variable id/symbol -- that is, a function that behaves as follows: >>> symbol = 'whatever' >>> symbol_name(symbol) 'symbol' Now, it is easy to do it on a function or a class (if it is a direct reference to the object): >>> def fn(): pass >>> fn.func_name 'fn' But I'm looking for a general method that works on all cases, even for indirect object references. I've thought of somehow using id(var), but no luck yet. Is there any way to do it?

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  • Using varible in re.match in python

    - by screwuphead
    I am trying to create an array of things to match in a description line. So I cant ignore them later on in my script. Below is a sample script that I have been working on, on the side. Basically I am trying to take a bunch of strings and match it against a bunch of other strings. AKA: asdf or asfs or wrtw in string = true continue with script if not print this. import re ignorelist = ['^test', '(.*)set'] def guess(a): for ignore in ignorelist: if re.match(ignore, a): return('LOSE!') else: return('WIN!') a = raw_input('Take a guess: ') print guess(a) Thanks

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  • Is this the right way of handling command line arguments?

    - by shadyabhi
    ask_username = True ask_password = True ask_message = True ask_number = True def Usage(): print '\t-h, --help: View help' print '\t-u, --username: Username' print '\t-p, --password: Password' print '\t-n, --number: numbber to send the sms' print '\t-m, --message: Message to send' sys.exit(1) opts, args = getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'u:p:m:n:h',["username=","password=","message=","number=","help"]) print opts, args for o,v in opts: if o in ("-h", "--help"): Usage() elif o in ("-u", "--username"): username = v ask_username = False elif o in ("-p", "--password"): passwd = v ask_password = False elif o in ("-m", "--message"): message = v ask_message = False elif o in ("-n", "--number"): number = v ask_number = False #Credentials taken here if ask_username: username = raw_input("Enter USERNAME: ") if ask_password: passwd = getpass() if ask_message: message = raw_input("Enter Message: ") if ask_number: number = raw_input("Enter Mobile number: ") I dont think it is, because I am using 4 objects just for checking if command line argument was provided... Guide me with the best way of doing it..

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  • Number guessing game (3+- guessed result)

    - by Nick Waring
    I've been assigned a task to create a game that generates 4 digits and the user has to guess the digits one at a time to get the correct result. If the number is correct a Y is displayed and if not, a N. This was easy, now the next step was to implement another two responses. If the answer is too high, a H is displayed and too low, an N. Again, was easy - now the third is to use the same design as game 2 but if the number is 3 higher than a H is displayed and same if it's 3 lower than a L is displayed - otherwise an X is displayed. I can't figure out how to do this. Here's my test code for game 2 for just one of the digits - any help is appreciated. (5 was used just for a test.) def guess(): x = 5 g= int(input("Guess the number: ")) if g == x: print("Y") elif g < x: print("L") else: print("H")

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  • What is an alternative to eval in this situation?

    - by CppLearner
    Many of my view functions do similar things. For the most part, they reverse to a different views upon clicking a button / a text link. So I wrote a helper function render_reverse def render_reverse(f, args): # args are all string type return eval('reverse(' + f + ', ' + args + ')' ) eval is a bad practice, and is pretty slow. It takes 3 seconds to start redirecting, whereas calling reverse directly takes less than 1 second to start redirecting. What alternative do I have? By the way, the function above doesn't work properly. I was modelling after this line (which works) eval('reverse("homepage", args=["abcdefg"])') Thanks.

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  • TCP Scanner Python MultiThreaded

    - by user1473508
    I'm trying to build a small tcp scanner for a netmask. The code is as follow: import socket,sys,re,struct from socket import * host = sys.argv[1] def RunScanner(host): s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM) s.connect((host,80)) s.settimeout(0.1) String = "GET / HTTP/1.0" s.send(String) data = s.recv(1024) if data: print "host: %s have port 80 open"%(host) Slash = re.search("/", str(host)) if Slash : netR,_,Wholemask = host.partition('/') Wholemask = int(Wholemask) netR = struct.unpack("!L",inet_aton(netR))[0] for host in (inet_ntoa(struct.pack("!L", netR+n)) for n in range(0, 1<<32-Wholemask)): try: print "Doing host",host RunScanner(host) except: pass else: RunScanner(host) To launch : python script.py 10.50.23.0/24 The problem I'm having is that even with a ridiculous low settimeout value set, it takes ages to cover the 255 ip addresses since most of them are not assigned to a machine. How can i make a way faster scanner that wont get stuck if the port is close.MultiThreading ? Thanks !

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  • Scala updating/creating value in a hashmap

    - by user1672739
    I don't understand this with Scala hasmaps: How do I create a value or update one if it does not exist? I am tryng to count the number of characters in a list of Strings. I've tried this code but it doesn't work : def times(chars: List[Char]): List[(Char, Int)] = { val map = new HashMap[Char, Int]() chars.foreach( (c : Char) => { map.update(c, map.get(c) + 1) }) } I understand the returning type isn't correct. But is my foreach loop wrong? Is there a prettier way to write it?

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  • Is it possible in Scala to force the caller to specify a type parameter for a polymorphic method ?

    - by Alex Kravets
    //API class Node class Person extends Node object Finder { def find[T <: Node](name: String): T = doFind(name).asInstanceOf[T] } //Call site (correct) val person = find[Person]("joe") //Call site (dies with a ClassCast inside b/c inferred type is Nothing) val person = find("joe") In the code above the client site "forgot" to specify the type parameter, as the API writer I want that to mean "just return Node". Is there any way to define a generic method (not a class) to achieve this (or equivalent). Note: using a manifest inside the implementation to do the cast if (manifest != scala.reflect.Manifest.Nothing) won't compile ... I have a nagging feeling that some Scala Wizard knows how to use Predef.<:< for this :-) Ideas ?

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