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• Methods specific only to an instance? What are they called in Ruby?

  - by daremarkovic

  I know there are "instance methods", "class methods" but what are these types of methods called, for eg: s1 = "This is my STRING!" def s1.m1 downcase end p s1 # => "This is my STRING!" p s1.m1 # => "this is my string!" What type of method is the "m1" method called on the s1 "instance" of the "string" class? It's really weird because I didn't know this was possible at all if I try: s2 = "This is ANOTHER string" s2.m1 # => Won't work! Which kind of makes sense, but not sure why defining methods like m1 on instances on a class are useful at all.

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• Ruby Hash.merge with specified keys only

  - by ba

  I'm pretty sure I saw on a Rails related site something along the lines of: def my_function(*opts) opts.require_keys(:first, :second, :third) end And if one of the keys in require_keys weren't specified, or if there were keys that weren't specified, an exception was raised. I've been looking through ActiveSupport and I guess I might be looking for something like the inverse of except. I like to try and use as much of the framework as possible compared to writing my own code, that's the reason I'm asking when I know how to make the same functionality on my own. :) At the moment I'm doing it through the normal merge routine and making sure that I have what I need with some IFs.

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• Counter variable for class

  - by George

  I am having problem getting this piece of code to run. The class is Student which has a IdCounter, and it is where the problem seems to be. (at line 8) class Student: def __init__(self): # Each student get their own student ID idCounter = 0 self.gpa = 0 self.record = {} # Each time I create a new student, the idCounter increment idCounter += 1 self.name = 'Student {0}'.format(Student.idCounter) classRoster = [] # List of students for number in range(25): newStudent = Student() classRoster.append(newStudent) print(newStudent.name) I am trying to have this idCounter inside my Student class, so I can have it as part of the student's name (which is really an ID#, for example Student 12345. But I have been getting error. Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/yanwchan/Documents/test.py", line 13, in <module> newStudent = Student() File "/Users/yanwchan/Documents/test.py", line 8, in __init__ idCounter += 1 UnboundLocalError: local variable 'idCounter' referenced before assignment I tried to put the idCounter += 1 in before, after, all combination, but I am still getting the referenced before assignment error, can you explain to me what I am doing wrong? Thank you Edit: Provided the full code I have

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• before_save not working with Rails 3

  - by Mich Dart

  I have this Project model: class Project < ActiveRecord::Base validates :status, :inclusion => { :in => ['active', 'closed'] } validates :title, :presence => true, :length => { :in => 4..30 } before_save :set_default_status_if_not_specified private def set_default_status_if_not_specified self.status = 'active' if self.status.blank? end end If I create a new object like this: Project.create!(:title => 'Test 2', :pm_id => 1) I get these errors: Validation failed: Status is not included in the list But status field should get filled in before save.

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• Multiple HTTP request - Rails

  - by bradleyg

  My application checks a number of domains to see if they are valid (approx 100). I have the following code to check a single domain: def self.test_url uri, limit = 10 if limit == 0 return get_error_messages("001") end begin url = URI.parse(uri) response = Net::HTTP.start(url.host, url.port).request_head('/') rescue SocketError => e return get_error_messages("002") end case response when Net::HTTPRedirection then test_url(response['location'], limit - 1) else return get_error_messages(response.code) end end The code checks for the response code while taking into account redirects. This works fine. The only problem I have is when I put this in a loop I want it to run in parallel. So I don't have to wait for domain 1 to respond before I can request domain 2. I have managed this in PHP using curl_multi to run the requests in parallel. Is there a similar thing I can do in Rails?

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• How to combine Option values in Scala?

  - by Jeff

  Hi! I want to be able to apply an operation f: (T,T) => T to two Option[T] values in Scala. I want the result to be None if any of the two values is None. More specifically, I want to know if is there a shorter way to do the following: def opt_apply[T](f: (T,T) => T, x: Option[T], y: Option[T]): Option[T] = { (x,y) match { case (Some(u),Some(v)) => Some(f(u,v)) case _ => None } } I have tryied (x zip y) map {case (u,v) => f(u,v)} but the result is an Iterator[T] not an Option[T]. Any help will be appreciated. Thanks.

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• Is it possible in Scala to force the caller to specify a type parameter for a polymorphic method ?

  - by Alex Kravets

  //API class Node class Person extends Node object Finder { def find[T <: Node](name: String): T = doFind(name).asInstanceOf[T] } //Call site (correct) val person = find[Person]("joe") //Call site (dies with a ClassCast inside b/c inferred type is Nothing) val person = find("joe") In the code above the client site "forgot" to specify the type parameter, as the API writer I want that to mean "just return Node". Is there any way to define a generic method (not a class) to achieve this (or equivalent). Note: using a manifest inside the implementation to do the cast if (manifest != scala.reflect.Manifest.Nothing) won't compile ... I have a nagging feeling that some Scala Wizard knows how to use Predef.<:< for this :-) Ideas ?

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• How do I put logic in a View a scope or method in a Model?

  - by Angela

  I have the following in the view: <% unless contact_email.statuses.empty?%> (<%= contact_email.statuses.find(:last).status%>) <% end %> contact_email is an instance of a specific model. Could I do something like this? class ContactEmail < ActiveRecord::Base attr_accessible :contact_id, :email_id, :status, :subject, :body, :date_created, :date_sent def status unless contact_email.statuses.empty? contact_email.statuses.find(:last).status end end end is there a better way to do this? is there a way to use the || operator for a default if empty? Basically, I would like to be able to do the following in the View: <%= contact_email.status = IF there is a value, then display it, if not, show nothing.

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• TCP Scanner Python MultiThreaded

  - by user1473508

  I'm trying to build a small tcp scanner for a netmask. The code is as follow: import socket,sys,re,struct from socket import * host = sys.argv[1] def RunScanner(host): s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM) s.connect((host,80)) s.settimeout(0.1) String = "GET / HTTP/1.0" s.send(String) data = s.recv(1024) if data: print "host: %s have port 80 open"%(host) Slash = re.search("/", str(host)) if Slash : netR,_,Wholemask = host.partition('/') Wholemask = int(Wholemask) netR = struct.unpack("!L",inet_aton(netR))[0] for host in (inet_ntoa(struct.pack("!L", netR+n)) for n in range(0, 1<<32-Wholemask)): try: print "Doing host",host RunScanner(host) except: pass else: RunScanner(host) To launch : python script.py 10.50.23.0/24 The problem I'm having is that even with a ridiculous low settimeout value set, it takes ages to cover the 255 ip addresses since most of them are not assigned to a machine. How can i make a way faster scanner that wont get stuck if the port is close.MultiThreading ? Thanks !

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• Any way to stringify a variable id / symbol in Python?

  - by otz

  I'm wondering if it is possible at all in python to stringify variable id/symbol -- that is, a function that behaves as follows: >>> symbol = 'whatever' >>> symbol_name(symbol) 'symbol' Now, it is easy to do it on a function or a class (if it is a direct reference to the object): >>> def fn(): pass >>> fn.func_name 'fn' But I'm looking for a general method that works on all cases, even for indirect object references. I've thought of somehow using id(var), but no luck yet. Is there any way to do it?

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• Using inheritance with multiple files in Ruby

  - by Preethi Jain

  I am new to Ruby . I have a question with respect to using Inheritence in Ruby . I have a class called as Doggy inside a file named Doggy.rb class Doggy def bark puts "Vicky is barking" end end I have written another class named Puppy in another file named puppy.rb class Puppy < Doggy end puts Doggy.new.bark I am getting this Error: Puppy.rb:1:in `<main>': uninitialized constant Doggy (NameError) Is it mandatory to have these classes (Doggy and Puppy ) inside a single file only? Edited As per the suggestions , i have tried using require and require_relative as shown , but still i am getting below Error Puppy.rb:1:in `<main>': uninitialized constant Doggy (NameError) class Puppy < Doggy end require_relative 'Doggy.rb' puts Doggy.new.bark

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• KindError: Property r must be an instance of SecondModel, why ?

  - by zjm1126

  class FirstModel(db.Model): p = db.StringProperty() r=db.ReferenceProperty(SecondModel) class SecondModel(db.Model): r = db.ReferenceProperty(FirstModel) class sss(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): a=FirstModel() a.p='sss' a.put() b=SecondModel() b.r=a b.put() a.r=b a.put() self.response.out.write(str(b.r.p)) the error is : Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp\__init__.py", line 511, in __call__ handler.get(*groups) File "D:\zjm_code\helloworld\a.py", line 158, in get a.r=b File "D:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\db\__init__.py", line 3009, in __set__ value = self.validate(value) File "D:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\db\__init__.py", line 3048, in validate (self.name, self.reference_class.kind())) KindError: Property r must be an instance of SecondModel thanks

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• No such file to load, Model/Lib naming conflict?

  - by Tom

  I'm working on a Rails application. I have a Module called Animals. Inside this Module is a Class with the same name as one of my Models (Dog). show_animal action: def show_animal require 'Animals/Bear.rb' #Works require 'Animals/Dog.rb' #Fails end So the first require definitely works, the seconds fails. MissingSourceFile (no such file to load -- Animals/Dog.rb): I noticed that Dog.rb is the same file name as one of my models, is that what's causing this? I'm using Webrick.

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• Ruby does not run code correctly

  - by seefour

  I run this basic code in Ruby (on Windows): def hello () puts 'test' end hello and the Interpreter throws me this error: app.ru:1: syntax error, unexpected tIDENTIFIER, expecting $end hello puts 'test' It seems like Ruby is skipping lines? I've tried various encoding formats, other code and it still gives me an error similar to this. Why is it happening? EDIT The suggestions were to either use different editors or semi-colons to see if the lines were an issue. The version is also new - 1.9.3p327, so that shouldn't have been a problem. Parentheses aren't a problem either.

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• Python os.path.walk() method

  - by Aaron Moodie

  I'm currently using the walk method in a uni assignment. It's all working fine, but I was hoping that someone could explain something to me. in the example below, what is the a parameter used for on the myvisit method? >>> from os.path import walk >>> def myvisit(a, dir, files): ... print dir,": %d files"%len(files) >>> walk('/etc', myvisit, None) /etc : 193 files /etc/default : 12 files /etc/cron.d : 6 files /etc/rc.d : 6 files /etc/rc.d/rc0.d : 18 files /etc/rc.d/rc1.d : 27 files /etc/rc.d/rc2.d : 42 files /etc/rc.d/rc3.d : 17 files /etc/rc.d/rcS.d : 13 files

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• Grails searchable plugin with hasMany

  - by user2624442

  I am using grails searchable plugin to search my domain classes. However, I cannot yet search by my hasMany (skills and interests) fields even though they are of the simple type String. This is my domain class: class EmpactUser { static searchable = [except: ['dateCreated','password','enabled','accountExpired','accountLocked','passwordExpired']] String username String password boolean enabled = true boolean accountExpired boolean accountLocked boolean passwordExpired String email String firstName String lastName String address String phoneNumber String description byte[] avatar byte[] resume Date dateCreated static hasMany = [ skills : String, interests : String, // each user has the ability to list many skills and interests so that they can be matched with a project. ] static constraints = { username blank: false, unique: true password blank: false email email: true, blank: false firstName blank: false lastName blank: false description nullable: true address nullable: true avatar nullable: true, maxSize: 1024 * 1024 * 10 resume nullable: true, maxSize: 1024 * 1024 * 10 phoneNumber nullable: true, matches: "/[(][+]d{3}[)]d+/", maxSize: 30 } } This is the code I am using to search: def empactUserList = EmpactUser.search( searchQuery, [reload: false, result: "every", defaultOperator: "or"]) Am I missing something? Thanks, Alan.

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• Edit form not being instanciated

  - by 47

  I have two models like this: class OptionsAndFeatures(models.Model): options = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) entertainment = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) seats_trim = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) convenience = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) body_exterior = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) lighting = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) safety = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) powertrain = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) suspension_handling = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) specs_dimensions = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) offroad_capability = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) class Vehicle(models.Model): ... options_and_features = models.ForeignKey(OptionsAndFeatures, blank=True, null=True) I have a model form for the OptionsAndFeaturesclass that I'm using in both the add and edit views. In the add view it works just fine. But the edit view renders the OptionsAndFeatures as blank. The code for the edit view is as follows: def edit_vehicle(request, stock_number=None): vehicle = get_object_or_404(Vehicle, stock_number=stock_number) if request.method == 'POST': # save info else: vehicle_form = VehicleForm(instance=vehicle) photos = PhotosFormSet(instance=vehicle) options = OptionsForm(instance=vehicle) #render_to_reponse What could be the problem here?

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• Number guessing game (3+- guessed result)

  - by Nick Waring

  I've been assigned a task to create a game that generates 4 digits and the user has to guess the digits one at a time to get the correct result. If the number is correct a Y is displayed and if not, a N. This was easy, now the next step was to implement another two responses. If the answer is too high, a H is displayed and too low, an N. Again, was easy - now the third is to use the same design as game 2 but if the number is 3 higher than a H is displayed and same if it's 3 lower than a L is displayed - otherwise an X is displayed. I can't figure out how to do this. Here's my test code for game 2 for just one of the digits - any help is appreciated. (5 was used just for a test.) def guess(): x = 5 g= int(input("Guess the number: ")) if g == x: print("Y") elif g < x: print("L") else: print("H")

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• Can I reproduce Scala's behavior for == ?

  - by JPP

  In Programming in Scala, I can read that the == operator behaves as if it was defined like this: final def == (that: Any): Boolean = if (null eq this) {null eq that} else {this equals that} But there must actually be compiler magic to avoid null pointer exceptions, right? Is there any way for me to replicate this behavior with pure Scala; i.e., have an operator/method return one thing if the receiver is null and another one if it isn't? What I mean is an actual implementation of null eq this. I suppose I can write a "pimp" and then define the method on the wrapper class, but is there a more direct way to do this?

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• What is an alternative to eval in this situation?

  - by CppLearner

  Many of my view functions do similar things. For the most part, they reverse to a different views upon clicking a button / a text link. So I wrote a helper function render_reverse def render_reverse(f, args): # args are all string type return eval('reverse(' + f + ', ' + args + ')' ) eval is a bad practice, and is pretty slow. It takes 3 seconds to start redirecting, whereas calling reverse directly takes less than 1 second to start redirecting. What alternative do I have? By the way, the function above doesn't work properly. I was modelling after this line (which works) eval('reverse("homepage", args=["abcdefg"])') Thanks.

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• Modifying an inherited Rails association

  - by Chris Kilmer

  I have a Team class that inherits from a Group class. Both Team and Groups have memberships through the same association. However, I need to run a method after a Team memberships is added but not a Group. I currently have something like this: class Group < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :memberships, :class_name => 'Connection', :foreign_key => 'connectable_id', :as => :connectable, :dependent => :destroy end class Team < Group has_many :memberships, :class_name => 'Connection', :foreign_key => 'connectable_id', :as => :connectable, :dependent => :destroy, :after_add => :add_company_membership private def membership_check(membership) end end Is there some way to modify the inherited association in Team so that I don't have to redefine the entire thing but rather just add the :after_add hook it? Any help would be appreciated.

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• Python: UTF-8 problems (again...)

  - by blahblah

  I have a database which is synchronized against an external web source twice a day. This web source contains a bunch of entries, which have names and some extra information about these names. Some of these names are silly and I want to rename them when inserting them into my own database. To rename these silly names, I have a standard dictionary as such: RENAME_TABLE = { "Wsird" : "Weird", ... } As you can see, this is where UTF-8 comes into play. This is the function which performs renaming of all the problematic entries: def rename_all_entries(): all_keys = RENAME_TABLE.keys() entries = Entry.objects.filter(name__in=all_keys) for entry in entries: entry.name = RENAME_TABLE[entry.name] entry.save() So it tries to find the old name in RENAME_TABLE and renames the entry if found. However, I get a KeyError exception when using RENAME_TABLE[entry.name]. Now I'm lost, what do I do? I have... # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- ...in the top of the Python file.

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• ActiveRecord and transactionsin between `before_save` and `save`

  - by JP

  I have some logic in before_save whereby (only) when some conditions are met I let the new row be created with special_number equal to the maximum special_number in the database + 1. (If the conditions aren't met then I do something different, so I can't use auto-increments) My worry is that two threads acting on this database at once might pick the same special_number if the second is executed while the first is saving. Is there way to lock the database between before_save and finishing the save, but only in some cases? I know all saves are sent in transactions, will this do the job for me? def before_save if things_are_just_right # -- Issue some kind of lock? # -- self.lock? I have no idea # Pick new special_number new_special = self.class.maximum('special_number') + 1 write_attribute('special_number',new_special) else # No need to lock in this case write_attribute('special_number',some_other_number) end end

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• In Django, using __init__() method of non-abstract parent model to record class name of child model

  - by k-g-f

  In my Django project, I have a non-abstract parent model defined as follows: class Parent(models.Model): classType = models.CharField(editable=False,max_length=50) and, say, two children models defined as follows: class ChildA(Parent): parent = models.OneToOneField(Parent,parent_link=True) class ChildB(Parent): parent = models.OneToOneField(Parent,parent_link=True) Each time I create an instance of ChildA or of ChildB, I'd like the classType attribute to be set to the strings "ChildA" or "ChildB" respectively. What I have done is added an _ _ init_ _() method to Parent as follows: class Parent(models.Model): classType = models.CharField(editable=False,max_length=50) def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): super(Parent,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs) self.classType = self.__class__.__name__ Is there a better way to implement and achieve my desired result? One downside of this implementation is that when I have an instance of the Parent, say "parent", and I want to get the type of the child object linked with "parent", calling "parent.classType" gives me "Parent". In order to get the appropriate "ChildA" or "ChildB" value, I need to write a "_getClassType()" method to wrap a custom sql query.

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• How does * work in Python

  - by Deqing

  Just switched from C++ to Python, and found that sometimes it is a little hard to understand ideas behind Python. I guess, a variable is a reference to the real object. For example, a=(1,2,5) meaning a - (1,2,5), so if b=a, then b and a are 2 references pointing to the same (1,2,5). It is a little like pointers in C/C++. If I have: def foo(a,b,c): print a,b,c a=(1,3,5) foo(*a) What does * mean here? Looks like it expands tuple a to a[0], a[1] and a[2]. But why print(*a) is not working while print(a[0],a[1],a[2]) works fine?

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